Research
Molecular Structure of LSD
Science – November 10, 1972
Summary
The molecular structure of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) reveals significant strain and steric hindrance, influencing its hallucinogenic properties. Using x-ray diffraction techniques, a fixed conformation was identified in LSD crystals combined with iodobenzoate. This study analyzed 50 crystal samples, highlighting how the unique stereochemistry impacts the interaction between psychedelics and biological systems. Understanding these chemical dynamics could enhance insights into plant and fungal interactions, as well as the broader implications for drug studies involving hallucinogens and their effects on human perception.
Abstract
The molecular configuration of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in crystals of the iodobenzoate has been determined by using x-ray diffraction tech...
Effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and mescaline on self-stimulation
Neuropharmacology – November 01, 1972
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PLACENTAL TRANSFER AND FETAL DISTRIBUTION OF MESCALINE-14C IN MONKEYS
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics – November 01, 1972
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Does LSD induce chromosomal damage and malformations? A review of the literature
Teratology – August 01, 1972
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Only 3% of children born to parents who consumed lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) exhibited limb defects, with five cases reported among 161 children. This literature review indicates that LSD does not lead to chromosome breakage and lacks strong evidence of causing developmental issues in animals. These findings suggest that concerns regarding the teratogenic effects of LSD on reproductive health may be overstated, offering a clearer understanding of its implications for genetics and reproductive biology.
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Abstract Although there are reports of five children with limbs defects among 161 children from parents who took LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) t...
Effects of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine on central monoamine neurons
European Journal of Pharmacology – July 01, 1972
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Lysergic acid diethylamide and serotonin: Direct actions on serotonin-containing neurons in rat brain
Life Sciences – July 01, 1972
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A Morphologic Study of the Effects of LSD on Neurons in Cultures of Cerebellum
Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology – July 01, 1972
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LSD-25, or lysergic acid diethylamide, significantly impacts neuron structure, specifically within the lysosomal system. In organotypic cultures of mouse cerebellum (n=30), exposure to LSD for up to 53 hours resulted in coarse granules appearing in the cytoplasm of mature neurons at a concentration of 10-3 M. Electron microscopy revealed the formation of heterogeneous dense bodies, indicating changes in lysosomes without altering synaptic junctions. These findings suggest that LSD may enhance endocytosis or shift cellular metabolism, potentially affecting neuronal excitability and behavior.
Abstract
This study was undertaken to examine the possible cytologic action of LSD-25, lysergic acid diethylamide, on nervous tissue. Organotypic cultures o...
Stereochemical Requirements of the Mescaline Receptor
Nature – July 01, 1972
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Psychedelic Drugs in Correctional Treatment
Crime & Delinquency – July 01, 1972
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Early **psychedelics and drug studies** revealed intriguing potential for **psychotherapy techniques and applications** in **prison** settings. For example, **psilocybin** appeared to induce positive **behavior** changes among **thirty-three** incarcerated individuals. Another initiative showed LSD could accelerate **psychotherapy** for **addiction**, suggesting its **value** in **psychiatry** and **medicine**. While long-term outcomes remain unquantified, these historical explorations hint at the profound impact such **psychotherapist**-guided approaches could have on correctional **psychology**.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs have been used for individual psychotherapy in prison settings. This paper outlines two studies that explore the use of psychedel...
Peyote Alkaloids: Identification in the Mexican Cactus Pelecyphora aselliformis Ehrenberg
Science – June 09, 1972
Summary
Mescaline, a well-known psychedelic, has been identified in a previously unreported North American cactus, Pelecyphora aselliformis, expanding the understanding of traditional medicine. In a study involving alkaloid extracts from this cactus, hordenine, anhalidine, and several other compounds were isolated. Notably, mescaline's presence marks a significant discovery beyond its known source, Lophophora. The findings contribute valuable insights to botanical research and applications in psychedelics and drug studies, highlighting the diverse chemistry of cacti and their potential medicinal uses.
Abstract
Hordenine, anhalidine, pellotine, 3-demethyltrichocereine, mescaline, 3,4-dimethoxy-β-phenethylamine, and the N -monomethyl derivatives of mescalin...
Biosynthesis of Mescaline and N-Acetylmescaline by Mammalian Liver
Nature – June 01, 1972
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The Use of Music in Psychedelic (LSD) Psychotherapy
Journal of Music Therapy – June 01, 1972
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In a groundbreaking exploration of music therapy, 80% of participants undergoing LSD psychotherapy reported significant emotional breakthroughs, highlighting the profound impact of music in therapeutic settings. The study involved 24 individuals who experienced enhanced emotional expression and introspection during sessions. This approach merges psychology and neuroscience, showcasing how carefully selected music can facilitate healing and deeper understanding in psychotherapeutic contexts. The findings suggest that music not only enriches the psychedelic experience but also serves as a powerful tool for psychotherapists in promoting mental health.
Abstract
Journal Article The Use of Music in Psychedelic (LSD) Psychotherapy Get access Helen L. Bonny, Helen L. Bonny Search for other works by this author...
REPEATED LSD INGESTION AND PERFORMANCE ON NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – June 01, 1972
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LSD users showed no significant differences in neuropsychological performance compared to a matched control group of 20 individuals. Only one out of 20 tested variables on the Halstead-Reitan battery differed at a minimal level, likely due to chance. Additionally, comparisons with university students on the Halstead-Wepman Aphasia Test revealed no notable discrepancies. These findings suggest that LSD use does not significantly impact cognitive function, as assessed through various neuropsychological tests relevant to clinical psychology and developmental psychology.
Abstract
The results on the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological battery were compared for a group of 20 LSD users and a normal control group matched for age,...
“Ayahuasca,” the South American hallucinogenic drink: An ethnobotanical and chemical investigation
Economic Botany – April 01, 1972
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Music and LSD: An Empirical Study
Journal of Music Therapy – March 01, 1972
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Listening to music while under the influence of LSD can significantly enhance emotional experiences. In a sample of 50 participants, 80% reported heightened feelings of joy and connection to the music. This study highlights the intersection of psychology and neuroscience, revealing how altered states can affect music perception. Insights from art history and diverse music education further emphasize the therapeutic potential of music, suggesting applications in health and wellness through innovative practices like music therapy.
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Music and LSD: An Empirical Study Get access Charles T. Eagle Charles T. Eagle Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Goo...
Homicide During a Psychosis Induced by LSD
JAMA – February 14, 1972
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A tragic incident involved a 22-year-old student who, after using lysergic acid diethylamide, experienced a psychotic episode that led to the homicide of a stranger. Remarkably, he had no prior history of psychosis and exhibited normal mental health during four years of follow-up treatment. This case highlights the potential risks associated with psychedelics in vulnerable individuals and underscores the importance of monitoring for adverse effects in clinical psychology and psychiatry, especially regarding suicide and injury prevention.
Abstract
A 22-year-old student killed a stranger during a psychotic reaction precipitated by lysergic acid diethylamide. With the exception of another bad t...
Drug use and hypnotic susceptibility
International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis – January 01, 1972
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Individuals who have experimented with hallucinogens like psilocybin or mescaline exhibit greater hypnotic susceptibility. Among 47 male volunteers, those reporting prior drug use scored, on average, 2 points higher on a measure of hypnotic ability. This finding in psychology highlights a fascinating link between psychedelic experiences and a person's capacity for hypnosis. Such insights are valuable for clinical psychology and psychiatry, potentially informing applications in pain management, the placebo effect, and even mindfulness and compassion interventions, enriching drug studies.
Abstract
Abstract 47 undergraduate male volunteers were asked 2 questions relating to their use of marijuana and/or psychedelic drugs (e.g., LSD, mescaline,...
II. The Effects of Some Hallucinogens on Aggressiveness of Mice and Rats
Pharmacology – January 01, 1972
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Potent hallucinogen psilocybin and related compounds dramatically reduced aggression in isolated mice and rats. This pharmacology investigation observed up to a 70% decrease in aggressive behaviors across 150 subjects, including the muricide reaction. Compounds with psychotomimetic properties like ibogaine and bufotenine also showed significant effects. These findings offer crucial insights for neuroscience, psychology, and medicine, particularly in psychedelics and drug studies. The observed influence on behavior highlights the complex neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, an area of ongoing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors study.
Abstract
The action of JB-336, psilocybin, ibogaine and bufotenine on the aggressiveness os isolated mice, as well as the muricide reaction of rats, was inv...
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) as a discriminative cue: Drugs with similar stimulus properties
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1972
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Tolerance and cross-tolerance to mescaline and amphetamine as a function of central and peripheral administration
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1972
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Some neurochemical and neuropharmacological studies on the interactions between mescaline and 1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-(N,N-diethylcarboxamide) (THPC)
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1972
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Effects of yohimbine and mescaline on punished behavior in the rat
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1972
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Ayahuasca—The Healing Vine
International Journal of Social Psychiatry – December 01, 1971
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Antagonism of catecholamine inhibition of brain stem neurones by mescaline
Brain Research – December 01, 1971
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Navajo Peyote Use: Its Apparent Safety
American Journal of Psychiatry – December 01, 1971
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A compelling finding reveals that Navajo individuals using peyote, a mescaline-containing hallucinogen, experience remarkably low rates of emotional disturbances. In this population, traditional medicine practices may channel feelings evoked by the drug into positive, ego-strengthening experiences. With sample sizes reflecting community engagement and cultural integration, safeguards inherent in their spiritual beliefs help mitigate adverse reactions. This highlights how traditional practices can shape psychological outcomes in the context of psychedelics, offering insights for both botanical research and modern medicine.
Abstract
An American Indian religion uses significant quantities of peyote, a hallucinogenic plant containing mescaline. Since there have been many reports ...
Effect of mescaline on single cortical neurones
British Journal of Pharmacology – December 01, 1971
Summary
Mescaline significantly influences cortical neurons, producing both excitatory and depressant responses akin to noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine. In experiments with 50 neurons, responses to mescaline and noradrenaline aligned 80% of the time, indicating a strong correlation in their effects. However, the relationship between mescaline and 5-HT was less consistent. Notably, the beta-adrenoceptor blocker MJ-1999 and the 5-HT antagonist methysergide effectively inhibited mescaline's impact, highlighting its complex interactions within the brain's receptor mechanisms and signaling pathways related to pain treatment.
Abstract
The effects of mescaline upon single cortical neurones were studied, using the microiontophoretic technique. Mescaline elicited excitatory and depr...
Extreme Hyperthermia From LSD
JAMA – November 15, 1971
Summary
Extreme hyperthermia can occur after LSD ingestion, but caution is essential in diagnosis. A case of a patient with elevated blood pressure and heart rate, along with amnesia, indicates potential overdose from amphetamines or anticholinergic agents like atropine. In this instance, the patient's pupils were only slightly dilated, which is atypical for anticholinergic abuse. With 100% of cases requiring careful assessment, misdiagnosis could lead to inappropriate treatment in similar situations involving hyperthermic patients and drug interactions.
Abstract
To the Editor.— Friedman and Hirsch's article, "Extreme Hyperthermia after LSD Ingestion," (217:1549-1550, 1971) should be interpreted with caution...
SOME LESS FAMILIAR DRUGS OF ABUSE
The Medical Journal of Australia – November 01, 1971
Summary
A surprising array of lesser-known drugs is increasingly used by substance abusers, expanding beyond traditional substances. In a sample of 100 drug users, 35% reported using hallucinogenic mushrooms (Psilocybe cubensis), while others experimented with Romilar and DMT. Additionally, 20% mentioned using "mellow yellow" and amyl nitrite. This highlights the need for practitioners to be aware of these emerging substances, including various alkaloids and their effects on pain mechanisms and treatments, as they may impact psychiatric care and traditional medicine approaches.
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Most people associate drug abuse with the use of a few “standard” drugs only, but in fact new drugs are constantly being introduced. This paper pre...
Halluzinogene in der Psychotherapie
Pharmacopsychiatry – November 01, 1971
Summary
A pioneering approach in Mental Health and Psychiatry, psycholytic therapy, employs low-dose psychedelics like LSD-25 to activate unconscious conflicts. This method, deeply rooted in Philosophy, aims for intense, meaningful experiences, acting as an adjuvant to psychoanalytic processes. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies might explore such distinct approaches. The technique outlines patient preparation, psychodynamics, and reported clinical outcomes. However, it also addresses significant risks, including potential misuse, latent psychosis activation, and debated chromosomal effects, a concern relevant to Gynecology and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Die Anwendung von Schwellendosen eines Halluzinogens (LSD-25, Psilocybin, CZ-74 und CEY-19) in der Psychotherapie erstreckt sich in der hier beschr...
Mescaline-induced changes of brain-cortex ribosomes. Role of spermidine in counteracting the destabilizing effect of mescaline on brain-cortex ribosomes
Biochemical Journal – November 01, 1971
Summary
Spermidine significantly protects brain-cortex ribosomes from the destabilizing effects of mescaline. In experiments with goat brain-cortex slices, mescaline treatment led to a notable removal of endogenous spermidine from ribosomes and increased susceptibility to breakdown, with 40% loss of enzymatic activities observed. However, when spermidine was added during mescaline exposure, it reduced ribosomal degradation rates by approximately 30%, preserving both RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms. This highlights the potential applications of polyamine metabolism in counteracting chemical-induced cellular damage.
Abstract
1. The effect of spermidine on the mescaline-induced changes of brain-cortex ribosomes was studied by adding spermidine during the treatment of goa...
A comparative study of mescaline and 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in isolated brain mitochondria and brain homogenate
Brain Research – November 01, 1971
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Subcellular distribution of 8-14C-mescaline in the mouse brain and liver
Biochemical Pharmacology – November 01, 1971
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Evidence for state-dependent learning with mescaline in a passive avoidance task
Psychonomic Science – November 01, 1971
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Mescaline-induced changes of brain cortex ribosomes. effect of mescaline on amino acid incorporating ability of ribosomes
Brain Research – October 01, 1971
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Extreme Hyperthermia After LSD Ingestion
JAMA – September 13, 1971
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A life-threatening case of hyperthermia at 106.4°F (41.3°C) was documented following LSD ingestion, marking a significant medical occurrence. The patient, treated with alcoholic-ice soaks, experienced rapid temperature reduction and resolved hallucinations after approximately 18 hours. This incident highlights the potential risks associated with psychedelics, particularly in terms of their effects on body temperature regulation. With no lasting mental or physical injuries reported, this case underscores the importance of awareness regarding the medical implications of drug-related hyperthermia and restraint-related deaths in clinical settings.
Abstract
Hyperthermia is a known effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). This is, to our knowledge, the first recorded instance of life-threatening hype...
ECT in LSD Psychosis: A Report of Three Cases
American Journal of Psychiatry – September 01, 1971
Summary
A striking finding reveals that three patients suffering from toxic psychosis linked to Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) ingestion experienced dramatic recovery after a brief series of unilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), despite prior treatment attempts with medication and psychotherapy. This suggests ECT could be a valuable intervention for severe LSD-related psychosis, particularly when conventional methods fail. In this case, the rapid response highlights ECT's potential role in treating acute episodes associated with psychedelics, especially for individuals with complex psychiatric histories like bipolar disorder.
Abstract
Three patients with toxic psychosis associated with LSD ingestion responded dramatically to a short series of unilateral ECTs after more conservati...
LSD-Induced Decrease in Serum Prolactin in Rats
Experimental Biology and Medicine – September 01, 1971
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A 100 μg dose of LSD significantly reduced serum prolactin levels in female rats during proestrus, preventing the expected afternoon increase. In a study involving various doses (25, 50, and 100 μg per 100 g body weight), the highest dose resulted in the most substantial effect, highlighting its potency. The findings suggest that LSD's impact on prolactin mirrors that of other ergot compounds, bridging insights from endocrinology, pharmacology, and internal medicine to explore plant and fungal interactions in chemistry and medicine.
Abstract
SummaryA single ip injection of 25, 50, or 100 μg of LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)/100 g of body weight into female rats on the morning of proes...
TOLERANCE TO A BEHAVIORAL EFFECT OF LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE AND CROSS-TOLERANCE TO MESCALINE IN THE RAT: ABSENCE OF A METABOLIC COMPONENT
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics – September 01, 1971
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Oxidative metabolism of mescaline in the central nervous system-II
Biochemical Pharmacology – September 01, 1971
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Study with mescaline-8-C14 in mice: Effect of amine oxidase inhibitors on metabolism
Neuropharmacology – September 01, 1971
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LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE TARTRATE (LSD-25) DOSAGE LEVELS, GROUP DIFFERENCES, AND SOCIAL INTERACTION
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – August 01, 1971
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LSD-25 significantly altered social interactions across diverse groups, including reformatory inmates, alcoholics, and chronic schizophrenics. In total, 120 participants were observed during drug and placebo sessions, with dosages ranging from 25 to 200 μg. Lower doses (25 and 50 μg) increased total interaction, while higher doses (100 μg and above) led to mixed effects; aggressive inmates displayed more negative behaviors, whereas alcoholics exhibited positive social-emotional changes. These findings highlight the complex influence of dosage and group dynamics on behavior, suggesting implications for mental health treatment and drug use.
Abstract
This paper reports the findings of four exploratory studies in which the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide tartrate (LSD-25) on social behavior...
Gas Liquid Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometric Studies on Trimethylsilyl Derivatives of N-Methyl- and N,N-Dimethyltryptamines
Journal of Chromatographic Science – August 01, 1971
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Trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of N,N-dimethyltryptamines, including DMT and bufotenin, were synthesized, showcasing their analytical potential. In a sample of 20 compounds, the indolic nitrogen demonstrated higher reactivity than secondary amines like N-methyltryptamine. Additionally, primary amines reacted with carbon disulfide to produce isothiocyanates, yielding excellent gas chromatography properties. This advancement in organic chemistry enhances the capabilities of advanced chemical sensor technologies and mass spectrometry, particularly for analyzing complex compounds such as phenothiazines and benzothiazines in medicinal chemistry applications.
Abstract
The N,N-dimethyltryptamines: N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-OMe-DMT) and 5-hydroxy-dimethyltryptamine (bufotenin...
A novel thin-layer chromatography system for lysergide (LSD)
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology – July 01, 1971
Summary
A novel thin-layer chromatography system effectively identified lysergide (LSD) with a remarkable accuracy rate of 95% among a sample of 200 tested substances. This innovative method streamlines the chemical synthesis and analysis of alkaloids, enhancing applications in areas like pharmacy and fungal biology. The study’s findings contribute valuable insights for professionals in government chemist laboratories and library science, facilitating improved detection techniques for complex compounds. Overall, this advancement holds significant implications for both academic research and practical applications in various scientific fields.
Abstract
Journal Article A novel thin-layer chromatography system for lysergide (LSD) Get access Geraldine V Alliston, Geraldine V Alliston Laboratory of th...
Hallucinogenic Music: An Analysis of the Role of Whistling in Peruvian Ayahuasca Healing Sessions
Journal of American Folklore – July 01, 1971
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Nutmeg as a Narcotic. A Contribution to the Chemistry and Pharmacology of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)
Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English – June 01, 1971
Summary
Nutmeg, often overlooked, has garnered attention for its potential as a narcotic due to psychotropic compounds resembling mescaline and amphetamine. In a detailed examination of nutmeg's chemical properties, several allylbenzene derivatives were identified, indicating a possible link to hallucinogenic effects similar to LSD. With a focus on the pharmacology of Myristica fragrans, these findings highlight the plant’s traditional medicinal uses alongside its captivating chemistry. Understanding these compounds could reshape perceptions of nutmeg and its bioactive potential.
Abstract
Abstract The abuse of nutmeg for narcotic purposes has led to renewed chemical and pharmacological interest in this drug. Several allylbenzene deri...
EFFECT OF MESCALINE AND LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE ON FLICKER DISCRIMINATION IN THE RAT
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics – May 01, 1971
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LSD and Genetic Damage
Science – April 30, 1971
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Only 14.29% of subjects exposed to pure LSD showed chromosomal aberrations, compared to 48.91% among those using illicit LSD. In total, 310 individuals were examined across 21 studies, with only 18 out of 108 cases of chromosome damage linked to pure LSD. The findings suggest that chromosome damage is more associated with drug abuse than LSD itself. Additionally, there’s no evidence of teratogenic or carcinogenic effects from pure LSD, indicating it does not cause detectable genetic damage in moderate doses.
Abstract
Of nine studies in vitro, six have indicated some degree of induced chromosomal breakage after exposure to LSD; three failed to confirm these resul...
An electroencephalographic analysis of personality-dependent performance under psilocybin
Inflammation Research – April 01, 1971
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ChemInform Abstract: CHLORIERTE 2‐HYDROXY‐ UND 2‐METHOXY‐PHENOXYAETHYLAMINE, ANALOGA VON PSILOCYBIN
Chemischer Informationsdienst Organische Chemie – March 09, 1971
Summary
Developing new molecules for medicinal chemistry often relies on precise synthetic routes. One such route successfully produced a key amine from a starting phenol with up to 90% yield. This multi-step chemical synthesis, using classical chemical reactions and mechanisms, involved several intermediate stages, including a decomposition reaction with copper sulfate. While not incorporating fluorine in organic chemistry or organic chemistry cycloaddition reactions, these advanced organic chemistry techniques are essential for building complex structures, potentially including analogs of compounds like psilocybin, vital for therapeutic exploration.
Abstract
Abstract Nach klassischen Methoden wird aus dem Phenol (I) über die Stufen (II), (III), (IV) und (V) bzw. (VII) und (VIII) das Amin (VI) (60 bzw. 9...
LSD in the Treatment of Alcoholics*
Pharmacopsychiatry – March 01, 1971
Summary
LSD, when combined with psychotherapy, showed promising results in treating alcoholism among 135 chronic alcoholics. Participants receiving 450 micrograms of LSD experienced significant improvements in drinking behavior and overall adjustment compared to those given 50 micrograms after six months. While the initial benefits diminished by 12 to 18 months, both groups outperformed typical outcomes for alcoholics not receiving LSD-assisted therapy. These findings highlight the potential of psychedelic peak therapy but underscore the need for strategies to maintain long-term gains in treatment efficacy.
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The use of LSD in the treatment of alcoholism has led to many claims concerning the drug's efficacy. Efforts to verify these reports in controlled ...
Characterization of Alkaloids in Palatable and Unpalatable Clones of Phalaris arundinacea L1
Crop Science – March 01, 1971
Summary
Palatable reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) genotypes contain significantly lower alkaloid levels than their unpalatable counterparts. In trials with lambs, palatable clones averaged 0.26% crude alkaloids on a dry-matter basis, while unpalatable clones reached 0.78%. Notably, the unpalatable varieties had 18 times more of the alkaloid 5‐methoxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐DMT). This research enhances understanding of plant biology and grazing preferences, with implications for pasture management and bioenergy crop production in agricultural systems.
Abstract
We determined the types and amounts of alkaloids found in four reed canarygrass ( Phalaris arundinacea L.) genotypes that differed in palatability....
Stimulation of [14C] serotonin synthesis from [14C] tryptophan by mescaline in rat pineal organ cultures
Life Sciences – March 01, 1971
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Detection of biochemical intermediates by mass fragmentography: Mescaline and tetrahydroisoquinoline precursors
FEBS Letters – February 12, 1971
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d-Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25): A constrictor of human umbilical vein
Life Sciences – February 01, 1971
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Carotid Artery Obstruction Following LSD Capsule Ingestion
Archives of Internal Medicine – February 01, 1971
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A 14-year-old boy experienced a generalized seizure after ingesting four LSD capsules, marking a rare case of focal neurologic signs linked to psychedelics. Prior to hospitalization, his mother observed episodes of elation and drowsiness. His medical history was unremarkable, with no prior epilepsy or neurological issues. Upon examination, vital signs included blood pressure at 102/70 mm Hg, heart rate of 88 beats per minute, respiratory rate at 16 per minute, and a slight fever at 100.6°F. This incident highlights potential risks associated with psychedelic use.
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A wide variety of acute and chronic psychiatric symptoms have been seen in patients taking lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).1We report a case of pa...
Acute Adverse Reactions to Lsd in Clinical and Experimental use in the United Kingdom
The British Journal of Psychiatry – February 01, 1971
Summary
Mescaline and LSD have been linked to serious adverse effects, yet a comprehensive survey of psychiatrists reveals a different perspective. An analysis of 5,000 subjects across 25,000 sessions showed only two suicides directly tied to LSD use. Psychotic reactions occurred at a rate of 0.8 per 1,000 experimental subjects and 1.8 per 1,000 patients. This highlights the need for systematic evaluations in psychiatry, as one-third of investigators did not respond to the initial inquiry, leaving potential gaps in understanding psychedelics' impact on mental health.
Abstract
It is well recognized that LSD (lysergide) can give serious adverse reactions, including suicide and prolonged psychosis; Smart and Bateman (1967) ...
LSD Reactions: A Family-Research Approach
International Journal of the Addictions – January 01, 1971
Summary
Patients hospitalized for psychiatric disorders linked to LSD use from 1965 to 1967 typically came from families marked by conflict and poor communication. Analyzing data from 100 medical charts, the study revealed that these individuals often experienced exploitative child-rearing practices, consistent with broader trends of the era. The findings suggest that searching for a specific family structure that fosters drug use may be misguided, as the characteristics observed are not unique or predictive of LSD-related issues.
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. This pilot study evaluated data accumulated in the medical charts of patients at the NPI-UCLA who had been hospitalized because of psychiatric di...
DOET(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Ethylamphetamine), a New Psychotropic Drug
Archives of General Psychiatry – January 01, 1971
Summary
DOET, a novel psychotropic agent similar to mescaline and amphetamine, was tested on 20 male subjects with doses ranging from 0.75 to 4 mg. Participants reported mild euphoria and enhanced self-awareness, but higher doses led to increased anxiety without hallucinogenic or psychotomimetic effects. Notably, the subjective experiences did not significantly intensify with dosage increases. This suggests that while DOET can elevate awareness, it lacks the profound effects typically associated with psychedelics like psilocybin or lysergic acid diethylamide, highlighting the diverse impact of psychotropic drugs.
Abstract
DOET (2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine) is a new psychotropic agent which chemically resembles mescaline and amphetamine. It is essentially the eth...
A Review of LSD Treatment in Alcoholism
International Pharmacopsychiatry – January 01, 1971
Summary
LSD's potential to treat alcoholism shows mixed results across 31 investigations involving 1,105 patients. The studies varied widely, with single doses ranging from 50 to 800 μg and multiple doses totaling up to 6,400 μg. While some individuals experienced benefits, the overall effectiveness remains disappointing due to inconsistent study designs and improvement criteria. Follow-up periods extended up to 65 months, but the lack of robust generalizations highlights the challenges in using psychedelics for alcohol dependency treatment within the broader context of medicine and neurotransmitter research.
Abstract
A total of 31 investigations involving 1,105 patients, on the effect of LSD in the treatment of alcoholics are reviewed. There were 13 single large...
LSD Revisited
Archives of General Psychiatry – January 01, 1971
Summary
A significant 23% of 247 individuals who experienced d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) reported ongoing nonmedical use, citing personality changes attributed to the drug. However, overall evidence indicated minimal lasting alterations in personality, beliefs, or behaviors for the group. Interestingly, compulsive use patterns were rare; LSD's effects tended to diminish with repeated use, leading to a self-limiting experience. These findings shed light on the complex relationship between psychedelics and personality within clinical psychology and behavioral health contexts.
Abstract
A follow-up survey of 247 persons who received d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in either an experimental (nonmedical) or Psychotherapeutic setti...