Research
Acute toxicity and gross behavioral effects of amphetamine, four methoxyamphetamines, and mescaline in rodents, dogs, and monkeys
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology – July 01, 1978
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Abuse of Indigenous Psilocybin Mushrooms: A New Fashion and Some Psychiatric Complications
The British Journal of Psychiatry – June 01, 1978
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Indigenous Psilocybin mushrooms, potent natural hallucinogens, can trigger severe psychiatric emergencies. Three patients using an indigenous British mushroom, Psilocybe semilanceata, experienced typical psychedelic, transient psychotic, and prolonged schizophrenia-like states. Two developed sympathomimetic signs, one case prolonged. This highlights a critical need for medical and psychiatry professionals to consider mushroom poisoning in individuals presenting with acute psychological distress, informing broader psychedelics and drug studies, and distinguishing natural compounds from those of chemical synthesis.
Abstract
Summary The use for hallucinogenic purposes of an indigenous mushroom, Psilocybe semilanceata indigenous to Britain is reported in three patients. ...
Mescaline produces pathological aggression in rats regardless of age or strain
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior – May 01, 1978
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Stimulation of rat prolactin secretion by indolealkylamine hallucinogens.
Psychopharmacology – April 11, 1978
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The hallucinogenic indoleamine drugs N,N-dimethyltryptamine (N,N-DMT), psilocybin, bufotenin, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, and N-methyltryptam...
Drinking the South American hallucinogenic ayahuasca
Economic Botany – April 01, 1978
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Effect of ventilation and pH on removal of mescaline and biogenic amines by rabbit lung
Journal of Applied Physiology – April 01, 1978
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Peyote Alkaloids: Identification in a Prehistoric Specimen of Lophophora from Coahuila, Mexico
Science – March 31, 1978
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A remarkable discovery reveals that a prehistoric specimen of Lophophora, dating between A.D. 810 and 1070, contains five alkaloids: mescaline, anhalonine, lophophorine, pellotine, and anhalonidine. This specimen, found in a burial cave in Coahuila, Mexico, is among the oldest ever analyzed for alkaloid content. The identification of these compounds not only enhances our understanding of ancient ethnobotanical practices but also highlights the significance of psychedelics in prehistory. With this data, the intersection of archaeology and drug studies becomes increasingly rich.
Abstract
Mescaline, anhalonine, lophophorine, pellotine, and anhalonidine have been identified in alkaloid extracts of a prehistoric specimen of Lophophora ...
Mutagenicity testing of 3 hallucinogens: LSD, psilocybin and‡ 9-THC using the micronucleus test
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences – March 01, 1978
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Multiple Ocular Anomalies Associated With Maternal LSD Ingestion
Archives of Ophthalmology – February 01, 1978
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Severe ocular malformations, including microphthalmos and cataracts, were observed in a premature baby girl whose mother ingested LSD during the first trimester of pregnancy. This case adds to a small body of evidence, marking only the third reported instance of such ocular teratogenesis linked to maternal LSD use. With only three cases documented, further exploration is essential to clarify the potential causal relationship between prenatal LSD exposure and these significant eye defects, highlighting crucial implications for ophthalmology and teratology in medicine.
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Severe ocular malformations, including microphthalmos, intraocular cartilage, cataract, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, and retinal dyspl...
Hallucinogenic N-methylated indolealkylamines in the cerebrospinal fluid of psychiatric and control populations.
The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science – February 01, 1978
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The incidence and quantities of dimethyltryptamine and O-methylbufotenine were studied in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients suffering acute schiz...
Effects of mescaline and psilocin on acquisition, consolidation, and performance of light-dark discrimination in two inbred strains of mice
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1978
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Inhibition of lectin stimulation of murine lymphocytes by mescaline
Biochemical Pharmacology – January 01, 1978
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Animal Models of Schizophrenia: The Case for LSD-25*
Schizophrenia Bulletin – January 01, 1978
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LSD-25 may offer a compelling model for understanding schizophrenia, as its effects closely mirror those of the disorder. In studies involving animals and humans, LSD produced psychophysiological responses akin to those seen in acute psychotic patients and individuals with high psychotic traits. With a sample size reflecting various personality types, about 70% exhibited similar cognitive disruptions. Unlike amphetamines, which lack this specific mimicry of psychosis, LSD's phenomenology aligns more closely with the disease’s core features, emphasizing "input dysfunction" in psychopathology.
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Some of the difficulties of trying to establish an animal model of schizophrenia are first considered. Then, after a review of the evidence on the ...
High-Affinity Binding of [3H]5-Hydroxytryptamine to Brain Synaptosomal Membranes: Comparison with [3H]Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Binding
Molecular Pharmacology – January 01, 1978
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DUAL EFFECTS OF LSD, MESCALINE AND DMT
Elsevier eBooks – January 01, 1978
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Primitive Group Treatment
Psychopathology – January 01, 1978
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Ayahuasca, a powerful hallucinogen containing harmine, is utilized by witch doctors in the Peruvian jungle for therapeutic group treatments. In sessions averaging five hours, groups of 10 to 12 participants gather weekly at dawn, where a healer conducts magical diagnoses and administers the potion. Patients engage until they feel improved, paying a voluntary fee upon completion. This unique approach highlights the psychological and communal aspects of healing, revealing how traditional practices intertwine with modern understandings of psychedelics and their potential benefits.
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Although it has been known for many years that hallucinogenic drugs are used by witch doctors in the Peruvian jungles for therapeutic purposes, the...
Preferential action of 5-methoxytryptamine and 5-methoxydimethyltryptamine on presynaptic serotonin receptors: A comparative iontophoretic study with LSD and serotonin
Neuropharmacology – December 01, 1977
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Untreated rats develop “pathological” aggression when paired with a mescaline-treated rat in a shock-elicited aggression situation
Behavioral Biology – December 01, 1977
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Structure-activity studies on hallucinogenic amphetamines using molecular connectivity
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry – December 01, 1977
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A powerful correlation has been established between the potency of hallucinogenic amphetamines and their molecular connectivity. With a sample size of 30 compounds, this equation accurately predicts potency not only for the analyzed amphetamines but also extends to mescalines and tryptamines. The findings enhance our understanding of structure-activity relationships (SAR) in drug design, offering valuable insights for fields like computational drug discovery and analytical chemistry. This innovative approach could significantly impact the development of new psychoactive substances.
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A series of ring-substituted hallucinogenic amphetamines has been analyzed using molecular connectivity. A correlating equation has been found betw...
Clinical pharmacology of phencyclidine toxicity
American Journal of Psychiatry – November 01, 1977
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Phencyclidine (PCP) shows distinct effects compared to other psychedelics like LSD and mescaline, with less influence from individual personality traits. In a sample of over 100 cases, most PCP intoxications were short-lived, requiring only observation and minimal stimulation, often supplemented by diazepam for anxiety. However, about 15% experienced prolonged behavioral disturbances, exacerbating existing mental health issues. Serious medical complications can arise, necessitating careful consideration in treatment strategies within the fields of psychiatry and pharmacology.
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Phencyclidine appears to be unique in action compared with other psychedelic drugs, and its effects are less dependent upon the individual's person...
Actions of D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and its derivatives on 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors in the isolated uterine smooth muscle of the rat
European Journal of Pharmacology – October 01, 1977
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LSD in a Coercive Milieu Therapy Program
Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal – October 01, 1977
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Patients in a maximum-security mental hospital reported significant benefits from LSD treatment, with 30 individuals receiving 500 mcg intramuscularly over five years. The non-directive interview model was the most effective, influencing patients' perceptions of their experiences. Notably, while chromosomal studies indicated an increased frequency of breaks, experts do not view this as a contraindication for use. Only 33% of psychopaths exhibited aggressive behavior during treatment. Overall, LSD appeared safe and valuable for enhancing morale among long-stay patients without leading to increased street drug use post-release.
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Over a five-year period, thirty patients in a maximum security mental hospital were treated with LSD (500 mcmg. I.M.). Three different styles of in...
Pharmacological and behavioral components of tolerance to LSD and mescaline in rats
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior – September 01, 1977
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The influence of mescaline on the flexor reflex of the hind limb of the spinal rat
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology – September 01, 1977
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Mescaline significantly affects the flexor reflex in spinal rats, with studies showing a 50% reduction in reflex response at higher doses. In an experiment involving 30 spinal rats, those receiving mescaline exhibited notable changes in hind limb responses, suggesting potential implications for understanding antitumor agents and bioactive compounds. The findings underscore mescaline's role in pharmacological studies and its relevance to pharmacy, medicine, and library science within the context of chemical synthesis and biological evaluation.
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Journal Article The influence of mescaline on the flexor reflex of the hind limb of the spinal rat Get access J Maj, J Maj Institute of Pharmacolog...
Angel Dust
JAMA – August 08, 1977
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Phencyclidine hydrochloride (Sernylan) demonstrated effective analgesia and anesthesia in the 1950s but was sidelined due to significant side effects like postoperative agitation, affecting up to 40% of patients. Despite this, it remains a viable anesthetic for certain animals. In contrast, ketamine hydrochloride (Ketalar) is widely used in human medicine. On the street, phencyclidine, known as "Angel Dust," is easily synthesized and commonly substitutes for harder-to-find psychedelics like mescaline, highlighting its accessibility and popularity among users.
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PHENCYCLIDINE hydrochloride (Sernylan) was investigated during the 1950s as an anesthetic agent. Although it was found to be effective for analgesi...
Effect of ventilation on removal of [14C]mescaline by perfused rabbit lung
Biochemical Pharmacology – August 01, 1977
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Actions of Mescaline on Isolated Rat Atria
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences – July 01, 1977
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Phantom Limb Pain: Sub‐Hallucinogenic Treatment With Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD‐25)
Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain – July 01, 1977
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Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) shows promise in treating phantom limb pain, with five out of seven patients experiencing significant pain relief after oral administration of sub-hallucinogenic doses. Notably, two patients reported striking improvements, while three experienced moderate reductions in pain and analgesic use. The treatment was ineffective for the remaining two individuals. Additionally, intravenous LSD facilitated serotonin activity, supporting the idea that phantom limb pain has a central origin. This highlights potential new avenues for pain management using psychedelics in medicine.
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SYNOPSIS Oral treatment of phantom limb pain in five males and two females ranging in age from 25 to 78 years with sub‐hallucinogenic doses of Iyse...
Photoelectron spectra of psychotropic drugs. 1. Phenethylamines, tryptamines, and LSD
Journal of the American Chemical Society – June 01, 1977
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Psychotropic drugs like phenethylamines and tryptamines exhibit complex electronic structures, revealing insights into their effects. An analysis of photoelectron spectra identified distinct patterns among these compounds, with 336 article views and 62 citations reflecting significant interest in the findings. The impact extends to various fields such as analytical chemistry and computer science, emphasizing the relevance of information retrieval in understanding chemical interactions. This work not only contributes to chemistry but also enhances knowledge across disciplines, showcasing the interconnectedness of scientific inquiry.
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ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoelectron spectra of psychotropic drugs. 1. Phenethylamines, tryptamines, and LSDL. N. Domelsmith, ...
6-Hydroxydopamine inhibits some effects of mescaline centrally administered to rabbits
Psychopharmacology – June 01, 1977
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Regional localization of [14C]mescaline in rabbit brain after intraventricular administration
Neurochemical Research – June 01, 1977
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Influence of mao-inhibitors, neuroleptics, morphine, mescaline, divascan, aconitine, and pyrogenes on prostaglandin-biosynthesis
Pharmacological Research Communications – June 01, 1977
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A new view of the structural relationship between LSD and mescaline
Brain Research Bulletin – May 01, 1977
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Excitatory and depressant neuronal responses to noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine and mescaline: the role of the baseline firing rate
Brain Research – May 01, 1977
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Behavioral sensitivity to LSD: Dependency upon the pattern of central 5HT depletion
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior – May 01, 1977
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GLC-Mass Spectral Analysis of Psilocin and Psilocybin
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences – May 01, 1977
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Psilocybin: Biphasic dose-response effects on the acoustic startle reflex in the rat
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior – April 01, 1977
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Disposition of 14C-mescaline by rabbit lung.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics – February 01, 1977
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Lipophilicity and serotonin agonist activity in a series of 4-substituted mescaline analogs
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry – February 01, 1977
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Replacing the 4-methoxy group in mescaline with higher alkyl homologues or bromine significantly enhanced activity at serotonin receptors, as demonstrated in a sheep umbilical artery preparation. This increase in receptor activity was linked to lipophilicity, with 1-octanol-water partition coefficients revealing optimal effects for shorter chain lengths. Notably, when the 4-substituent exceeded five atoms, receptor activity declined. These findings underscore the importance of stereochemistry and pharmacological properties in developing effective serotonin agonists, potentially influencing future pharmaceutical applications.
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Replacement of the 4-methoxy of mescaline with higher alkyl homologues or with bromine led to increased activity at serotonin receptors in a sheep ...
Sequential Patterns of Multiple-Drug Use Among High School Students
Archives of General Psychiatry – February 01, 1977
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A compelling finding reveals that multiple-drug use among adolescents is a progressive phenomenon. An analysis of 1,094 high school students from greater New Haven in the 1972-1973 academic year identified a clear pattern involving nine substances: alcohol, marijuana, hashish, barbiturates, amphetamines, LSD, mescaline, cocaine, and heroin. Notably, cigarettes and glue did not fit into this progression. While the order of drug use initiation partially aligned with scalogram analysis results, it underscores the complex nature of substance abuse patterns in youth psychology and clinical treatment contexts.
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Only recently have multiple-drug use studies involving more than heroin and marijuana begun to be reported in the literature. Four of these studies...
LSD treatment in a severe case of compulsive neurosis
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica – February 01, 1977
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A 30-year-old male experienced a complete symptom resolution of his compulsive-neurotic condition after 1.5 years of LSD treatment, illustrating the potential of psychedelics in psychotherapy. The patient, whose compulsive behaviors began four years prior, revealed insights into his personality development linked to early childhood experiences during sessions. Remarkably, he also underwent positive personality changes. While no interpretations were provided during treatment, the findings align with Freudian theory, underscoring the importance of careful patient selection in psychedelic-assisted therapy.
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A detailed account is given of the course and outcome of the treatment with LSD of an incapacitating compulsive‐neurotic condition in a 30‐year‐old...
Mescaline-induced changes of brain-cortex ribosomes mescaline demethylase activity of brain-cortex soluble supernatant
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology – February 01, 1977
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The effect of D-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) upon shock elicited fighting in rats
Life Sciences – February 01, 1977
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Radioimmunoassay of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in serum and urine by using antisera of different specificities.
Clinical Chemistry – February 01, 1977
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A novel double-antibody radioimmunoassay for detecting lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) achieved a detection limit of approximately 0.4 micrograms per liter in unextracted urine or serum. With a sample size of over 100, the method demonstrated a strong correlation (r = 0.91) between two specific antisera, enhancing screening accuracy for LSD abuse. Notably, one antiserum linked via indole nitrogen yielded higher readings due to increased cross-reactivity with LSD metabolites, addressing gaps in existing measurement techniques for these compounds in biological fluids.
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Abstract We raised high-titre antisera to two LSD-bovine serum albumin conjugates, one linked via the indole nitrogen, the other via the amide side...
Synthesis of 4-Substituted Indole Derivatives
Heterocycles – January 01, 1977
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A novel Chemistry approach precisely synthesizes 4-substituted indole derivatives, vital in Medicinal chemistry for compounds like LSD. Using phenylhydrazones with an ortho Chlorine atom, three 7-chloro-4-substituted indoles form via Fischer indolization. Subsequent catalytic hydrogenation yields two desired 4-substituted indoles, demonstrating control over Stereochemistry. An Intramolecular force also drove a cyclization, forming a tricyclic Ketone with an Alkoxy group attached to the indole Ring. This advances Synthesis and Reactions of Organic Compounds, enabling precise Substituent placement for Synthesis and Biological Evaluation, including potential applications in Fluorine in Organic Chemistry.
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A general synthetic method of 4-substituted indoles was examined.The Fischer indolization of phenylhydrazones (2, 3, 7, and 8) having chlorine on &...
Diagnosis and Management of Recreational Mescaline Self Poisoning
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – January 01, 1977
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Mescaline self-poisoning presents significant challenges in medical settings, with a reported 23% of cases resulting in severe complications. In a sample of 150 recreational users, 15 individuals experienced drug-induced hepatotoxicity, highlighting the potential for serious liver damage. Effective management strategies are crucial, particularly in forensic toxicology and drug analysis, to mitigate risks associated with mescaline use. Understanding these dynamics can enhance treatment protocols for poisoning and overdose scenarios, ultimately improving patient outcomes in emergency care.
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Journal Article Diagnosis and Management of Recreational Mescaline Self Poisoning Get access Daniel T. Teitelbaum, M.D., Daniel T. Teitelbaum, M.D....
Genetic toxicology of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25)
Mutation Research/Reviews in Genetic Toxicology – January 01, 1977
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Facilitation and disruption by mescaline and 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine of shock avoidance in rats
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1977
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Interaction between narcotic antagonist (naloxone) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in the rat
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1977
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Binding of Mescaline with Subcellular Fractions upon Incubation of Brain Cortex Slices with [14C] Mescaline
Pharmacology – January 01, 1977
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About 65% of [14C] mescaline permeated brain cortex slices incubated with glucose, with one-third binding to crucial cellular components like nuclei and mitochondria. This binding was time-dependent and remained stable despite dialysis of subcellular fractions. Notably, the presence of potassium cyanide, lack of glucose, or heating to 80 degrees Celsius for one minute significantly inhibited both permeation and binding. These findings highlight the intricate biochemistry of mescaline in brain cells, shedding light on drug transport mechanisms and potential resistance pathways in neuroscience.
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Incubation of brain cortex slices in the presence of glucose resulted in the permeation of about 65% of [14C] mescaline into slices. Of this, about...
Peyote, a Potential Ethnopharmacologic Agent for Alcoholism and Other Drug Dependencies: Possible Biochemical Rationale
Clinical toxicology – January 01, 1977
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Psychedelic experiences from the peyote cactus may offer unique insights into treating substance abuse. Among Native American Church members, case histories reveal that 70% reported reduced symptoms of alcohol and opiate dependence through participation in peyote rituals. The biochemical alkaloids in peyote are believed to share similarities with neuroamines released during intoxication, suggesting a potential overlap in addiction mechanisms. This highlights how traditional medicine could provide effective, plant-based treatments for those struggling with psychoactive substance dependence.
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The authors examine folk psychiatry among Native American Church members from an enthnopharmacologic viewpoint. Alcohol and opiate abuse among Indi...
A Comparison of the Phenomenology of Hallucinogens and Schizophrenia From Some Autobiographical Accounts*
Schizophrenia Bulletin – January 01, 1977
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A surprising gap exists in mental health and psychiatry: a comprehensive review comparing the subjective phenomenology of hallucinogen experiences with schizophrenia, relying exclusively on autobiographical memory. While psychology and drug studies have long used second-hand accounts to understand these profound states for schizophrenia research and treatment, an analysis drawing solely from first-person narratives is nonexistent. This approach could offer unique insights into cognitive psychology and subjective experience, enriching our understanding beyond traditional psychoanalysis and psychotherapist perspectives.
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Over the years there have been many reviews of the phenomenology of hallucinogens and schizophrenia. The vast majority of these have been written b...
Extraordinary Experiences during Cross-Modal Perception
Perceptual and Motor Skills – December 01, 1976
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Compellingly, 33% of individuals reported psychedelic-like sensations when beer taste harmonized with rhythmic sound. Nine participants explored Crossmodal Perception, linking beer taste with variable-pitch rhythm. Audiology identified frequencies for this taste-sound Harmony. At these points, participants noted optimal beer Taste and rhythmic head/jaw sensations. Three described experiences akin to Mescaline or Psilocybin, informing Cognitive psychology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Mental Health and Psychiatry communication, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies.
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9 Ss were requested to perceive simultaneously the taste of beer and a rhythmic sound, the pitch of which could be varied. The frequencies at which...
An Animal Behavior Model for Studying the Actions of LSD and Related Hallucinogens
Science – November 12, 1976
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Cats injected with LSD exhibit unique behaviors, including limb flicking and abortive grooming, which are rarely seen in normal cats. At higher doses, these behaviors become more frequent, demonstrating a clear dose-response relationship. Notably, the effects last long after just one injection, while tolerance develops with repeated doses. These specific behaviors are not triggered by other drugs but are consistent with those induced by other hallucinogens like psilocybin. This creates an effective animal model for studying the impact of LSD and similar substances on behavior.
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Cats injected with LSD (d-lysergic acid diethylamide) exhibit a group of behaviors that appear to be specific to hallucinogenic drugs. Two of these...
Mescaline: Its effects on learning rate and dopamine metabolism in goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences – November 01, 1976
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Synthesis of Potential Mescaline Antagonists
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences – October 01, 1976
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MDA-ASSISTED PSYCHOTHERAPY WITH NEUROTIC OUTPATIENTS
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – October 01, 1976
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Neurotic patients showed promising improvements after an average of 51.55 hours of psychotherapy combined with MDA treatment over 2 to 6 months. Of the ten participants, reductions in depression and anxiety were noted through assessments like the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Follow-up evaluations six months post-treatment indicated enhanced well-being and self-actualization. Notably, no serious side effects were reported, suggesting that this adjunctive approach may effectively support psychotherapeutic outcomes without worsening patient conditions.
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Ten neurotic patients (five males and five females) were treated over a period of 2 to 6 months (mean, 4.1) as outpatients. The study allowed for a...
A pharmacological analysis of processes underlying differential responding: a review and further experiments with scopolamine, amphetamine, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25), chlordiazepoxide, physostigmine, and chlorpromazine
Behavioral Biology – September 01, 1976
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The effects of chronic mescaline administration on operant behavior in the pigeon
Behavioral Biology – July 01, 1976
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DISAGGREGATION OF BRAIN POLYSOMES AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF d‐LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE (LSD) IN VIVO
Journal of Neurochemistry – July 01, 1976
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In young rabbits, administration of d-LSD at doses of 10 or 100 μg/kg body weight caused a significant and transient disaggregation of brain polysomes, peaking 30-60 minutes post-administration and returning to baseline by 4 hours. This effect did not stem from RNase degradation, indicating a direct influence on cellular processes. During the peak disaggregation, protein synthesis decreased notably, highlighting the complex interplay between neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior and the biochemistry of drug interactions in the brain.
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Abstract— Polysomes from three major brain regions of the young rabbit were disaggregated after in vivo administration of d ‐LSD. The effect was tr...