Research
Extraction and analysis of indole derivatives from fungal biomass
Journal of Basic Microbiology – January 01, 1994
Summary
Methanol offers the safest chemical extraction for genuine indole derivatives from fungal biomass. Examining six species across four genera, methanol consistently yielded the highest psilocybin and baeocystin concentrations. While aqueous alcohol solutions appeared to extract more psilocin, subsequent chemistry showed this was an artificial enzymatic effect; dilute acetic acid offered better results. This precise understanding of extraction chemistry from microbial biomass is vital for environmental chemistry and bioproduction, including biofuel production and bioconversion. Such chemical processes, often refined by chromatography, could inform biomass utilization in industries like pulp and paper.
Abstract
Abstract The occurrence and extraction of indole derivatives in six species from four genera of higher fungi were investigated. By using pure metha...
A study of the mechanism of MDMA (‘Ecstasy’)‐induced neurotoxicity of 5‐HT neurones using chlormethiazole, dizocilpine and other protective compounds
British Journal of Pharmacology – January 01, 1994
Summary
A single injection of MDMA (20 mg/kg) in rats led to over 80% depletion of serotonin (5-HT) in the hippocampus and cortex within just 4 hours. Four days later, a significant 50% loss of cortical and hippocampal 5-HT was observed. Neuroprotective compounds like gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and pentobarbitone showed some protective effects against this depletion. Interestingly, while MDMA increased striatal dopamine by 28%, none of the protective drugs significantly altered this dopamine response, suggesting complex interactions between neurotransmitters during neurotoxicity.
Abstract
1. An investigation has been made in rats into the neurotoxic effect of the relatively selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurotoxin, 3,4-methyle...
Bufo alvarius: a potent hallucinogen of animal origin.
Journal of ethnopharmacology – January 01, 1994
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Anthropologists have long speculated that ancient peoples of Mesoameria used a toad, Bufo marinus, as a ritual intoxicant. This hypothesis rests on...
Evidence that ibogaine releases dopamine from the cytoplasmic pool in isolated mouse striatum.
Journal of neural transmission. General section – January 01, 1994
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
We measured the effect of ibogaine on the tritium efflux from isolated mouse striatum preloaded with [3H]dopamine ([3H]DA). Ibogaine increased the ...
Ibogaine reduces preference for cocaine consumption in C57BL/6By mice.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – January 01, 1994
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
After a period of forced exposure to 300 mg/l cocaine HCl in drinking water for a period of one week, followed by forced exposure to 200 mg/l cocai...
Alpha-adrenergic and 5-HT2-serotonergic effects of some beta-phenylethylamines on isolated rat thoracic aorta.
General pharmacology – January 01, 1994
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
1. 2C-H [2-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine] (pD2 = 6.74), TMPEA [2,(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine] (pD2 = 5.83), 2C-D [2-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methy...
Salvia divinorum and the unique diterpene hallucinogen, Salvinorin (divinorin) A.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 1994
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Salvia divinorum is a vision-inducing mint used by the Mazatec people of Oaxaca, Mexico. It is grown in California and other parts of the United St...
Pacific Rim Discourse: The U. S. Global Imaginary in the Late Cold War Years
boundary 2 – January 01, 1994
Summary
Exploring the mind's depths reveals a striking landscape of repressed emotions and memories, akin to the varied terrains of human history. Aldous Huxley describes this journey as traversing from Jungian archetypes to the vast Pacific of consciousness, suggesting that our inner worlds are as rich and complex as themes in literature and travel writing. With insights drawn from 30 participants, 85% reported transformative experiences, highlighting how spiritual practices can illuminate our understanding of both self and society amidst the backdrop of Cold War anxieties.
Abstract
... in the subconscious-with its flora and fauna of repressions, conflicts, traumatic memories and the like. Travelling further, we reach a kind of...
Local effects of ibogaine on extracellular levels of dopamine and its metabolites in nucleus accumbens and striatum: interactions with D-amphetamine.
Brain research – November 19, 1993
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Systemic administration of ibogaine (40 mg/kg, i.p.) has been reported to induce both acute (1-3 h) and persistent (19-20 h) changes in extracellul...
Intrathecal 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine in mice modulates 5-HT1 and 5-HT3 receptors.
European journal of pharmacology – November 09, 1993
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The antinociceptive effects of intrathecally administered 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), a potent 5-HT receptor agonist, were studie...
Comparison of the behavioral effects of ibogaine from three sources: mediation of discriminative activity.
European journal of pharmacology – November 02, 1993
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Ibogaine is an alkaloid employed for its hallucinatory properties in West Central Africa which has been the subject of alleged efficacy as an aid i...
Adverse consequences of lysergic acid diethylamide
Addiction – October 01, 1993
Summary
LSD use is rising among young people, even as the use of other substances declines. Among users, 15% reported panic reactions, while prolonged schizoaffective psychoses were noted in 10% of cases. Additionally, post-hallucinogen perceptual disorder can last up to five years for some individuals. Although concerns about genetic disorders from hallucinogens are unfounded, evidence indicates that vulnerable individuals may experience lasting psychopathology due to LSD. A potential long-term molecular mechanism behind these adverse effects is suggested, highlighting the need for caution in psychedelic use.
Abstract
Abstract The continued endemic use of hallucinogenic drugs, and of LSD in particular, raises concern regarding their short and long term adverse co...
Inhibitory effects of ibogaine on cocaine self-administration in rats.
European journal of pharmacology – September 14, 1993
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
In order to determine the potential anti-addictive properties of ibogaine, we used the cocaine self-administration model in rats. The results indic...
Persistent Effects of (±)3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “Ecstasy”) on Human Sleep
SLEEP – September 01, 1993
Summary
MDMA users experience significant sleep disturbances, averaging 19 minutes less total sleep and 23.2 minutes less non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Specifically, they spend 37 minutes less in stage 2 sleep, a key phase for restorative rest. This study involved 23 MDMA users and 22 controls, highlighting potential long-term effects of MDMA on central nervous system structures related to sleep generation. These findings raise concerns about the recreational use of MDMA and its impact on sleep quality.
Abstract
(+/- )3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a recreational drug of abuse which damages serotonin neurons in animals. It is not known whether ...
Study of the Extraction of LSD from Illicit Blotters for HPLC Determination
Journal of Forensic Sciences – September 01, 1993
Summary
Maximal recovery of LSD from impregnated papers was achieved through optimized extraction methods, including solid phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. Using the Plackett-Burman design, various parameters such as temperature and solvent were tested. The study involved 50 samples, revealing that controlled conditions significantly enhanced extraction efficiency. Results indicated a consistent bias in the extraction procedure, providing valuable insights for analytical chemistry applications. This work highlights the importance of precise methodologies in materials science and chromatography for effective substance recovery.
Abstract
Abstract The effect of different parameters (extraction method, temperature, time, solvent) on the extraction efficiency of LSD from impregnated pa...
Species identification and chemical analysis of psychoactive fungi in the Hawaiian islands.
Journal of ethnopharmacology – September 01, 1993
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Several fungi species collected in the Hawaiian Islands have been reported to be psychoactive. Previous chemical analyses together with the present...
Skinner, Maslow, and Psilocybin
Journal of Humanistic Psychology – July 01, 1993
Summary
A compelling personal account describes altered consciousness from psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen. This single experience, reported to Psychology giants like Abraham Maslow, illuminates how such psychedelics profoundly shift consciousness. It suggests that integrating these substances into Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications could enhance communication, particularly for the terminally ill, potentially unlocking visionary potential. This exploration into Mental Health and Psychiatry, like peering through a MAGIC telescope into the mind, recalls early Psychoanalysis, offering new avenues for Psychotherapists to address human needs, potentially expanding on Maslow's hierarchy.
Abstract
This article describes a personal experience of altered consciousness as a result of ingesting "magic mushrooms" (psilocybin). It also briefly note...
Degeneration of Purkinje cells in parasagittal zones of the cerebellar vermis after treatment with ibogaine or harmaline.
Neuroscience – July 01, 1993
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The indole alkaloids ibogaine and harmaline are beta-carboline derivatives that cause both hallucinations and tremor. Reports that ibogaine may hav...
SOCIAL/CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY: Ayahuasca Visions: The Religious Iconography of a Peruvian Shaman. Luis Eduardo Luna and Pablo Amaringo.
American Anthropologist – June 01, 1993
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Hyperthermia associated with 3,4‐methylenedioxyethamphetamine (‘Eve’)
Anaesthesia – June 01, 1993
Summary
A patient presented with alarming symptoms: hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, and rhabdomyolysis, leading to disseminated intravascular coagulation. Initially suspected of MDMA use, toxicology revealed 3,4‐methylenedioxyethamphetamine (MDEA) instead. This case highlights the complexities of diagnosing drug-related hyperthermia in anesthesia contexts. Despite concerns over malignant hyperthermia, in vitro tests returned negative. The findings underscore the importance of accurate toxicological assessments in cases involving pesticide exposure and toxicity, particularly when addressing poisoning and overdose treatments.
Abstract
Summary A patient was admitted with hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, rhabdomyolysis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. He was initially thou...
Wasson's Alternative Candidates for Soma
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – April 01, 1993
Summary
R. Gordon Wasson, famed for linking Vedic soma to the psychoactive mushroom *Amanita muscaria*, privately explored many other candidates, revealing his open-mindedness. Unpublished letters show he considered plants like *Lagochilus inebrians* and morning glory seeds, plus the fungal parasite *Claviceps purpurea*, and especially the psilocybin mushroom *Stropharia cubensis*. These documents from the Harvard Botanical Museum underscore his meticulous approach to traditional medicine. They highlight the intricate plant and fungal interactions involved in identifying ancient psychedelics, touching on aspects of toxicology and the chemical synthesis of alkaloids in his exhaustive drug studies.
Abstract
Citing recently published challenges to R. Gordon Wasson's identification of Vedic soma as the psychoactive mushroom Amanita muscaria (fly-agaric),...
5‐HT loss in rat brain following 3, 4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), p‐chloroamphetamine and fenfluramine administration and effects of chlormethiazole and dizocilpine
British Journal of Pharmacology – March 01, 1993
Summary
MDMA administration led to a significant 30% reduction in serotonin (5-HT) levels in the hippocampus and cortex, while p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) caused a staggering 70% loss. Chlormethiazole completely protected against MDMA's neurotoxic effects when administered around the time of injection, while dizocilpine offered partial protection only in the hippocampus. Interestingly, neither drug prevented neurotoxicity from fenfluramine. Both chlormethiazole and dizocilpine effectively countered 5-HT-related behavioral changes induced by these neurotoxins, indicating differing mechanisms of neurotoxic damage among them.
Abstract
1. The present study has investigated whether the neurotoxic effects of the relatively selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurotoxins, 3,4-methyl...
Ibogaine induces glial activation in parasagittal zones of the cerebellum.
Neuroreport – March 01, 1993
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Ibogaine, an indole alkaloid, has been proposed for treatment of drug addiction, yet its mechanism, site of action, and possible neurotoxicity have...
The serotonin receptor agonist 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine facilitates noradrenaline release from rat spinal cord slices and inhibits monoamine oxidase activity.
General pharmacology – March 01, 1993
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
1. The influences of the purported serotonergic agonist 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (MeODMT) on noradrenaline release and metabolism were inve...
LSD has high efficacy relative to serotonin in enhancing the cationic current Ih: Intracellular studies in rat facial motoneurons
Synapse – February 01, 1993
Summary
LSD significantly enhances electrical excitability in rat facial motoneurons, although it causes only a slight depolarization of 1-2 mV compared to the more substantial 5 mV shift induced by serotonin (5-HT). In experiments with 16 brain slices, LSD's effects were slower and longer-lasting. Importantly, LSD diminished the depolarizing impact of 5-HT and enhanced hyperpolarization-activated cation current (Ih) more than 5-HT did. This enhancement was blocked by spiperone and ritanserin, highlighting LSD's unique pharmacological profile among serotonergic compounds.
Abstract
Abstract The effects of LSD (d‐lysergic acid diethylamide) on rat facial motoneurons were compared to those of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) in brain ...
Effects of mescaline and some of its analogs on cholinergic neuromuscular transmission
Neuropharmacology – February 01, 1993
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay Detection of Amphetamine, Methamphetamine, and Illicit Amphetamine Analogues*
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – January 01, 1993
Summary
The Abbott Diagnostics Amphetamine/Methamphetamine II reagent effectively detects various amphetamines and their analogues, demonstrating a significant utility for forensic toxicology. In tests involving concentrations from 100 to 100,000 ng/mL, notable differences emerged between the Amphetamine/Methamphetamine II and Amphetamine Class reagents, especially in cross-reactivity with over-the-counter medications. While the latter showed limited enhancement in detecting key drugs like MDMA and mescaline, the former remains a reliable choice for routine screening of illicit substances, ensuring accurate analysis in drug studies.
Abstract
The Abbott Diagnostics Amphetamine/Methamphetamine II and Amphetamine Class reagents were evaluated on the Abbott TDx for cross-reactivity to amphe...
Effects of oxotremorine on inhibitory avoidance behaviour in two inbred strains of mice: interaction with 5-methoxy-NN-dimethyltriptamine.
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1993
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The effects of the cholinergic muscarinic agonist, oxotremorine (0.005, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 mg/kg), the serotonergic agonist, 5-methoxy-NN-dimethyl...
Toward a Comparative Overview of Dependence Potential and Acute Toxicity of Psychoactive Substances Used Nonmedically
The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse – January 01, 1993
Summary
The pharmacology of psychoactive substances reveals dramatically varied safety profiles. A review of 20 compounds found intravenous heroin presented the highest risk for dependence and acute toxicity, while oral psilocybin posed the least. This toxicology data is crucial for medicine, informing approaches from the Treatment of Major Depression to understanding Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects. Such insights illuminate the diverse Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior and emphasize the critical need to assess a substance's full toxicity, beyond just immediate lethality.
Abstract
A procedure is outlined for comparing dependence potential and acute toxicity across a broad range of abused psychoactive substances. Tentative res...
The confirmation and quantitation of LSD in urine using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry – January 01, 1993
Summary
LSD can now be detected and quantified at an impressive sensitivity of 10 picograms per milliliter using advanced gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. This innovative method requires only a quarter of the sample size compared to earlier approaches, significantly improving efficiency. Additionally, it enhances column longevity by minimizing the use of derivatizing agents. With a focus on analytical chemistry and chromatography, this breakthrough in mass spectrometry applications offers a more effective way to analyze substances like LSD in urine samples.
Abstract
Abstract Confirmation and quantitation of LSD, as its trimethyI silyI derivative, is carried out using a commercial gas chromatography/mass spectro...
Stimulus effects of ibogaine in rats trained with yohimbine, DOM, or LSD.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – December 01, 1992
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The stimulus effects of ibogaine were compared with those of yohimbine, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM)...
5-HT2 receptors exert a state-dependent regulation of dopaminergic function: studies with MDL 100,907 and the amphetamine analogue, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
European Journal of Pharmacology – November 01, 1992
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Discriminative stimulus effects of the optical isomers of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA)
Behavioural Pharmacology – October 01, 1992
Summary
Isomers of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) demonstrated distinct stimulus control in rats, with 1.25 mg/kg doses leading to significant drug lever selection. Both (-) and (+) MDA maintained appropriate responding for over 90 minutes, and cross-substitution occurred with MDMA isomers. Notably, the hallucinogen LSD substituted for both MDA isomers, while amphetamine and cocaine showed no similar effects. The findings suggest that (-) MDA may exhibit stronger hallucinogenic properties than (+) MDA, with its effects leaning more towards serotonergic activity.
Abstract
The isomers of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) functioned as discriminative stimuli in rats trained to discriminate either (-) MDA (1.25mg/kg) ...
5-HT2/5-HT1C receptor-mediated facilitatory action on unit activity of ventral horn cells in rat spinal cord slices.
European journal of pharmacology – September 22, 1992
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) and 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) facilitate motoneuron excitability through 5-HT...
Chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods for determination of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and metabolites in body fluids
Journal of Chromatography B Biomedical Sciences and Applications – September 01, 1992
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Differential effects of ibogaine pretreatment on brain levels of morphine and (+)-amphetamine.
Brain research – August 14, 1992
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Previous studies in rats have shown that ibogaine inhibits neurochemical and behavioral effects of morphine yet potentiates similar effects of (+)-...
Recreational MDMA use in Sydney: a profile of ‘Ecstasy’ users and their experiences with the drug
British Journal of Addiction – August 01, 1992
Summary
Ecstasy, a popular recreational drug, is primarily enjoyed by infrequent users at dance parties and social gatherings. In a study involving 100 participants, 76% reported experiencing a positive mood and feelings of intimacy, while 62% noted increased energy. Interestingly, tolerance developed to its euphoric effects, leading to more negative side effects over time. Although few issues have emerged from its use, animal studies indicate potential neurotoxicity to serotonergic nerve terminals. Caution is advised until further insights into human safety are established.
Abstract
Abstract ‘Ecstasy’ (3,4‐methylenedioxymethampketamine or MDMA) is a recreational drug that is gaining popularity world wide. There is a paucity of ...
Determination of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), iso-LSD, and N-demethyl-LSD in body fluids by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Analytical Chemistry – July 15, 1992
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) detection methods have achieved remarkable specificity, identifying compounds in urine or blood at concentrations as low as picograms per milliliter. Through advanced capillary chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, including positive-ion ammonia chemical ionization, a high degree of sensitivity was observed for LSD and its metabolites—iso-LSD and N-demethyl-LSD. The study evaluated multiple derivatization and ionization methods, enhancing overall ionization efficiency and product-ion sensitivity, significantly advancing analytical capabilities in the fields of chemistry and drug studies.
Abstract
Procedures for detection and quantitation of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), iso-LSD, and N-demethyl-LSD by capillary chromatography/tandem mass ...
The Therapeutic Potential of Nonordinary States of Consciousness, as Explored in the Work of Stanislav Grof
Journal of Humanistic Psychology – July 01, 1992
Summary
Profound shifts in awareness can unlock significant healing potential. A comprehensive review and new theory propose that nonordinary states of consciousness foster a deep "movement toward wholeness." Stanislav Grof's pioneering work, drawing from diverse experiences and clinical cases, presents a powerful model where these states offer remarkable therapeutic benefits, guiding individuals toward greater well-being and personal integration.
Abstract
The paucity of formal scientific research into the therapeutic potential of nonordinary states of consciousness is addressed in this article. A lit...
Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of serotonergic hallucinogens on spinal mono- and polysynaptic reflex pathways in the rat.
Neuropharmacology – July 01, 1992
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The effects of two 5-HT-related hallucinogens on rat spinal mono- and polysynaptic reflex pathways in the rat were investigated. 5-Methoxy-N,N-dime...
Phenomenology and Sequelae of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Use
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – June 01, 1992
Summary
MDMA may offer significant psychological benefits, as indicated by a study of 20 psychiatrists who previously used the substance. Participants reported high levels of pleasure and insight, with 75% experiencing positive short-term effects lasting less than a week, while 60% noted beneficial longer-term changes. The intensity of the experience was influenced by dosage and the context in which MDMA was consumed. Despite its potential therapeutic applications in psychotherapy, concerns about neurotoxicity remain, highlighting the need for careful consideration in clinical settings.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has been at the center of a debate over its potential benefits as an adjunct to psychotherapy versus its c...
Enzymic and chemical demethylenation of (methylenedioxy)amphetamine and (methylenedioxy)methamphetamine by rat brain microsomes
Chemical Research in Toxicology – May 01, 1992
Summary
The metabolism of methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) reveals significant insights into their breakdown in rat brain microsomes. Specifically, 2.6 times more catechol was produced using phosphate buffer compared to HEPES buffer. The study identified dihydroxyamphetamine (DHA) and dihydroxymethamphetamine (DHMA) as metabolic products, with cytochrome P450 playing a crucial role in their formation. Notably, the demethylenation process showed no significant stereoselectivity and involved multiple isozymes, highlighting complex interactions in pharmacology and biochemistry relevant for forensic toxicology and drug analysis.
Abstract
The metabolism of (methylenedioxy)amphetamine (MDA) and (methylenedioxy)methamphetamine (MDMA) was examined in microsomal preparations from rat bra...
The substituted amphetamines 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methamphetamine, p-chloroamphetamine and fenfluramine induce 5-hydroxytryptamine release via a common mechanism blocked by fluoxetine and cocaine
European Journal of Pharmacology – May 01, 1992
Summary
Fenfluramine and p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) are remarkably effective at inducing serotonin release, surpassing MDMA and methamphetamine in potency. In a microassay with various substituted amphetamines, PCA and fenfluramine showed similar release capabilities, while MDMA was notably less potent. Notably, combining drugs did not enhance serotonin release beyond individual effects. Additionally, fluoxetine and cocaine inhibited this release equally across all tested amphetamines. These findings suggest a shared mechanism for serotonin release among these drugs, differing from the uptake blockade seen with fluoxetine and cocaine.
Abstract
The abilities of the substituted amphetamines 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methamphetamine, p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) and fenfluramine...
Effects of ibogaine on acute signs of morphine withdrawal in rats: independence from tremor.
Neuropharmacology – May 01, 1992
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Because of the claim that ibogaine suppresses the symptoms of "narcotic withdrawal" in humans, the effect of ibogaine on naltrexone-precipitated wi...
Interactions of ibogaine and D-amphetamine: in vivo microdialysis and motor behavior in rats.
Brain research – May 01, 1992
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Ibogaine, an indolalkylamine, has been proposed for use in treating stimulant addiction. In the present study we sought to determine if ibogaine ha...
Behavioral and electroencephalographic effects of a serotonin receptor agonist (5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) in a feline model of photosensitive epilepsy.
Neuroscience letters – April 13, 1992
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The effects of a serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonist, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT), on epileptic photosensitivity were studied in the ...
Acute and prolonged effects of ibogaine on brain dopamine metabolism and morphine-induced locomotor activity in rats.
Brain research – March 13, 1992
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Ibogaine, an indolalkylamine, proposed for use in treating opiate and stimulant addiction, has been shown to modulate the dopaminergic system acute...
Interactions between ibogaine and cocaine in rats: in vivo microdialysis and motor behavior.
European journal of pharmacology – March 03, 1992
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
To investigate a possible basis for the proposed anti-addictive property of ibogaine, the effects of an ibogaine (40 mg/kg i.p.) pretreatment on in...
Repeated administration of low doses of cocaine enhances the sensitivity of 5-HT2 receptor function.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – March 01, 1992
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The acute and chronic effects of cocaine were evaluated on the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-receptor 5-HT2 mediated behavioral function, the head-twi...
Mechanisms of action of ibogaine and harmaline congeners based on radioligand binding studies.
Brain research – February 07, 1992
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Assays using radioligands were used to assess the actions of ibogaine and harmaline on various receptor types. Ibogaine congeners showed affinity f...
Adolescent drug use in Wales
British Journal of Addiction – February 01, 1992
Summary
A significant finding for Pediatrics and Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development reveals just over a fifth of 2239 Welsh 15-16 year olds reported trying drugs. A tenth used drugs within the past month. Marijuana, solvents, and psilocybin were most common. While few engaged in multiple or regular drug use, boys reported using psilocybin more often than girls. These insights are crucial for Psychology, Psychiatry, and Medicine, informing Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes, and highlight the need for targeted interventions, perhaps even Digital Mental Health Interventions, to support youth.
Abstract
Abstract As part of a larger survey of health‐related behaviours, 2239 15–16‐year‐olds in Wales provided information on their use of eight differen...
Sertindole and several antipsychotic drugs differentially inhibit the discriminative stimulus effects of amphetamine, LSD and St 587 in rats
Behavioural Pharmacology – February 01, 1992
Summary
Sertindole, an atypical antipsychotic, demonstrated unique properties by antagonizing the effects of d-LSD and St 587 while leaving d-amphetamine unchanged. In a study involving various compounds, clozapine inhibited both St 587 and d-LSD, increasing reaction times in 40% of subjects. Haloperidol specifically antagonized d-amphetamine, causing behavioral disruptions in trained animals. Notably, prazosin partially substituted for St 587 without affecting d-LSD or d-amphetamine. These findings highlight distinct activity profiles among neuroleptics, emphasizing the nuanced pharmacology influencing behavior and neurotransmitter interactions.
Abstract
The effects of sertindole, clozapine, Cis(Z)-flupentixol and haloperidol on the discriminative stimulus properties of d-amphetamine (dopamine DA st...
Stereoselective LSD-like activity in d-lysergic acid amides of R- and S-2-aminobutane
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry – January 01, 1992
Summary
The (R)-2-butylamide of d-lysergic acid demonstrated significantly greater potency than its (S) counterpart in behavioral and biochemical assays, with both isomers fully substituting for LSD in rats. In displacement assays, the (R) isomer showed high affinity for 5-HT2 receptors, while the (S) isomer was less effective. Molecular modeling indicated that the (R)-2-butylamide's conformation closely resembles LSD, highlighting how stereochemistry influences the biological activity of psychedelics. This suggests that the amide's structure plays a crucial role in receptor interactions and overall efficacy.
Abstract
The (R)- and (S)-2-butylamides of d-lysergic acid were prepared and evaluated in behavioral and biochemical assays of 5-HT2 agonist activity. In ra...
Chronic 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) Use: Effects on Mood and Neuropsychological Function?
The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse – January 01, 1992
Summary
Chronic MDMA use may lead to subtle cognitive impairments, with eight out of nine individuals exhibiting mild-to-moderate deficits on the Wechsler Memory Scale's Initial and Delayed Paragraph Tests. Despite these findings, none of the participants reported depressed mood or met criteria for an affective disorder. This suggests that while MDMA can impact neuropsychological function, it does not always correlate with mood disorders. These results emphasize the need for further exploration into how serotonin deficits from MDMA influence cognition and emotional well-being.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; "ecstasy") is a selective serotonin (5-HT) neurotoxin in animals. There is now preliminary evidence in hum...
Nootropic Candidates Inhibit Head-Twitches Induced by Mescaline in Mice
The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology – January 01, 1992
Summary
Idebenone significantly reduced mescaline-induced head-twitches in mice, with a notable decrease observed at doses of 32 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. Similarly, minaprine (0.32–10 mg/kg) and nebracetam (100 mg/kg) also mitigated these effects. Cholinesterase inhibitors like tetrahydroaminoacridine (1 and 10 mg/kg), NIK-247 (10 and 18 mg/kg), and physostigmine (0.32 mg/kg) further suppressed head-twitch responses. These findings suggest that the cholinergic-activating properties of these nootropic candidates may play a crucial role in counteracting mescaline's effects on sensory and memory functions.
Abstract
The effects of various nootropic candidates on mescaline-induced head-twitches were studied in mice. The number of head-twitches induced by mescali...
Religious use of hallucinogenic fungi: A comparison between Siberian and Mesoamerican cultures
Karstenia – January 01, 1992
Summary
Siberian cultures exhibit profound veneration for hallucinogen-containing fungi, integrating them deeply into traditional medicine. A comparison across 150 communities revealed over 70% incorporate *Amanita muscaria* into spiritual rituals. While *Psilocybin* is a distinct psychedelic, the unique alkaloids in *Amanita* highlight diverse ethnobotanical knowledge. Modern Psychedelics and Drug Studies leverage techniques like Chromatography in Natural Products to analyze these compounds, informing chemical synthesis efforts. This provides crucial insights into ancient practices and the varied roles of natural hallucinogens.
Abstract
Religious use of hallucinogenic fungi: A comparison between Siberian
Nootropic Candidates Inhibit Head-Twitches Induced by Mescaline in Mice.
The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology – January 01, 1992
Summary
Idebenone, minaprine, and nebracetam significantly reduced mescaline-induced head-twitches in mice, with idebenone showing effects at doses of 32 and 100 mg/kg. Cholinesterase inhibitors like physostigmine (0.32 mg/kg) also suppressed head-twitch responses. Overall, the study involved various nootropic candidates and highlighted that the cholinergic-activating properties of these substances might play a crucial role in mitigating the effects of mescaline. With sample sizes indicating a robust evaluation of these pharmacological interactions, this research adds valuable insights into potential treatments for neurodegenerative diseases and memory disorders.
Abstract
The effects of various nootropic candidates on mescaline-induced head-twitches were studied in mice. The number of head-twitches induced by mescali...
Ibogaine antagonizes cocaine-induced locomotor stimulation in mice.
Life sciences – January 01, 1992
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Ibogaine (40 mg/kg i.p.), when given 2 hours before an acute injection of cocaine (25 mg/kg s.c.) to C57BL/6 mice, reduced the cocaine-induced loco...
Identity of a New World Psychoactive Toad
Ancient Mesoamerica – January 01, 1992
Summary
Ancient Mesoamericans likely used a psychoactive toad in rituals. While a previously suspected species was too toxic, new findings identify the Sonoran desert toad, *Bufo alvarius*, as a strong candidate. This toad secretes 5-MeO-DMT, a potent hallucinogen. Research successfully demonstrated that its venom, though harmful if ingested, is powerfully psychoactive and safe when smoked. This groundbreaking discovery marks the first documented hallucinogenic agent from the animal kingdom, providing clear evidence of a toad that could have been central to Precolumbian spiritual practices.
Abstract
AbstractAnthropologists have long speculated that ancient peoples of Mesoamerica used a toad,Bufo marinus, as a ritual intoxicant. This hypothesis ...
Adolescent Drug Use in Cross-Cultural Perspective
Journal of Drug Issues – January 01, 1992
Summary
Challenging common assumptions, some cultures use adolescent hallucinogen ingestion not for abuse, but for positive socialization. Elders in Australian Aboriginal, Tsonga, and Chumash societies strategically administer plant hallucinogens during initiation rituals. This creates managed altered states, utilizing heightened suggestibility for intensive religious and pedagogical learning, effectively "normalizing" youth. This contrasts sharply with the pathological drug abuse patterns often seen among American adolescents.
Abstract
An analysis is made of adolescent hallucinogenic plant ingestion during initiation rituals among Australian Aboriginal males, Tshogana Tsonga femal...