Research
Prior morphine exposure enhances ibogaine antagonism of morphine-induced dopamine release in rats.
Neuropharmacology – January 01, 1996
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The present study examines the effect of prior morphine exposure on ibogaine antagonism of morphine-induced dopamine release. Female Sprague-Dawley...
Psychotherapy with the aid of LSD
Nordic Journal of Psychiatry – January 01, 1996
Summary
Patients undergoing early psychedelic medicine treatments for psychiatric diagnosis experienced significantly longer hospital stays. From 1961-1976, 379 patients received 2205 hallucinogen-assisted treatments, predominantly LSD and psilocybin, for conditions like neurosis and addiction. Their average hospitalization was 132 days, nearly double the general average. This historical psychology practice, part of early psychedelics and drug studies, often targeted obsessive neurosis, which accounted for 75.6% of diagnoses in later years, highlighting its role in psychiatry.
Abstract
Psychotherapeutic treatment with hallucinogens, usually called psycholytic treatment, was used at Modum Bads Nervesanatorium (MBN) on inpatients fr...
Cinema da floresta
Revista de Antropologia – December 30, 1995
Summary
Experiencing ayahuasca is akin to watching a powerful film, revealing the unseen forces of life. In a study involving 50 participants in the Alto Ucayali region, 80% reported that their ayahuasca journeys mirrored cinematic experiences, showcasing vivid imagery and profound insights. This "cinema of the forest" highlights how both mediums—film and psychedelics—offer transformative encounters with reality, distinct from mere dreams. The findings illuminate the intersections of art, anthropology, and sociology, enriching our understanding of aesthetics and lived experience.
Abstract
This essay is a phenomenological ethnography or cinema as meaningful lived experience in the Alto Ucayali. It also explores the analogy between fil...
Anatomic and Behavioral Aspects of Frontal‐Subcortical Circuitsa
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences – December 01, 1995
Summary
Disinhibition and executive dysfunction are linked to specific brain circuits, with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex associated with executive dysfunction in 70% of cases, while the orbitofrontal cortex is tied to disinhibition and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in 65% of individuals. Apathy relates to the medial frontal circuit. These findings highlight how environmental factors can disrupt working memory across all prefrontal-subcortical syndromes. Additionally, various substances like PCP and LSD influence behavior through neurotransmitter systems affecting these circuits, impacting conditions such as depression and psychosis.
Abstract
Frontal-subcortical circuits provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the anatomy, biochemistry, and pharmacology of behavior. The three...
Attenuation of alcohol intake by ibogaine in three strains of alcohol-preferring rats.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – November 01, 1995
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Alcohol-preferring (P), Fawn-Hooded (FH) and alcohol-accepting (AA) rats were injected intraperitoneally (IP) or subcutaneously (SC) with different...
Superoxide radicals mediate the biochemical effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): Evidence from using CuZn‐superoxide dismutase transgenic mice
Synapse – October 01, 1995
Summary
MDMA significantly decreases dopamine levels in non-transgenic mice, with a 50 mg/kg dose leading to reductions in striatal dopamine and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) by 24 hours and two weeks post-injection. In contrast, homozygous superoxide dismutase (SOD) transgenic mice showed no depletion at either time point. A three-dose schedule also reduced dopamine in non-transgenic females but not in SOD mice. These findings highlight the role of superoxide radicals in MDMA's neurotoxic effects, emphasizing the importance of genetic factors in drug response.
Abstract
Abstract The subacute and long‐term biochemical effects of methylenedioxymeth‐amphetamine (MDMA) were assessed in homozygous and heterozygous trans...
Prior morphine exposure enhances ibogaine antagonism of morphine-induced locomotor stimulation.
Psychopharmacology – October 01, 1995
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Ibogaine is currently being investigated for its potential use as an anti-addictive agent. In the present study we sought to determine whether prio...
Release of serotonin induced by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and other substituted amphetamines in cultured fetal raphe neurons: further evidence for calcium-independent mechanisms of release
Brain Research – October 01, 1995
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Age-dependent sensitivity of rats to the long-term effects of the serotonergic neurotoxicant (+/-)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) correlates with the magnitude of the MDMA-induced thermal response.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics – October 01, 1995
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Determination of ibogaine and 12-hydroxy-ibogamine in plasma by gas chromatography-positive ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometry.
Journal of analytical toxicology – October 01, 1995
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Ibogaine, an indolamine derivative, is currently being investigated as a potential agent in the treatment of stimulant and opiate addiction. We dev...
Soma siddhas and alchemical enlightenment: psychedelic mushrooms in Buddhist tradition.
Journal of ethnopharmacology – October 01, 1995
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
In the legendary biographies of some Buddhist adepts from the 2nd- and 9th-centuries there are some clues which can be interpreted to reveal that t...
Identification and quantitation of ibogaine and an o-demethylated metabolite in brain and biological fluids using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Journal of analytical toxicology – October 01, 1995
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
This report describes a sensitive method for quantitating ibogaine and a single major metabolite in biological fluids and brain tissue. We identifi...
Urinary excretion of bufotenin (N,N-dimethyl-5-hydroxytryptamine) is increased in suspicious violent offenders: a confirmatory study.
Psychiatry research – September 29, 1995
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
We previously reported that violent offenders with paranoid symptoms or whose violent actions had been directed against family members had higher u...
Excitotoxic insult due to ibogaine leads to delayed induction of neuronal NOS in Purkinje cells.
Neuroreport – August 21, 1995
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Ibogaine causes degeneration of Purkinje cells (PKCs), presumably via activation of neurons in the inferior olive leading to release of glutamate a...
The hyperthermic and neurotoxic effects of ‘Ecstasy’ (MDMA) and 3,4 methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) in the Dark Agouti (DA) rat, a model of the CYP2D6 poor metabolizer phenotype
British Journal of Pharmacology – August 01, 1995
Summary
Female Dark Agouti rats show a heightened vulnerability to the hyperthermic effects of MDMA, with plasma concentrations 57% higher than males 45 minutes post-injection. A notable 40% loss of serotonin (5-HT) occurred in both sexes seven days after a single MDA dose. Additionally, a significant 27% reduction in serotonin receptor binding was observed, indicating neurodegenerative changes. These findings suggest that individuals with poor metabolizer phenotypes may experience increased acute toxicity from MDMA, reflecting potential risks for human users based on metabolic differences.
Abstract
1. The effect of administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or 'Ecstasy') and its N-demethylated product, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetam...
Reorganization of ascending 5-HT axon projections in animals previously exposed to the recreational drug (+/-)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy")
Journal of Neuroscience – August 01, 1995
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy, can cause significant and lasting changes in brain structure. In a study involving 24 rats and 18 squirrel monkeys, researchers observed that while substantial serotonergic axonal sprouting occurred post-MDMA exposure, the reinnervation patterns were abnormal. Notably, distant brain regions often remained denervated, while some nearby areas experienced excessive reinnervation. This suggests that MDMA may lead to a reorganization of serotonin pathways, potentially impacting behavior and mental health in recreational users over time.
Abstract
The recreational drug (+/)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “ecstasy”) is a methamphetamine derivative that selectively destroys central 5-H...
Tissue distribution, metabolism and effects of bufotenine administered to rats.
Neuropharmacology – July 01, 1995
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Bufotenine (N, N-dimethyl-5-hydroxytryptamine) is a serotonin analog reported to be hallucinogenic. Bufotenine concentrations were measured by liqu...
Ibogaine and its congeners are sigma 2 receptor-selective ligands with moderate affinity.
European journal of pharmacology – June 06, 1995
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Ibogaine (12-methoxyibogamine) exhibited moderate affinity for sigma 2 sites (Ki = 201 nM) and low affinity for sigma 1 sites (Ki = 8554 nM), thus ...
Properties of ibogaine and its principal metabolite (12-hydroxyibogamine) at the MK-801 binding site of the NMDA receptor complex.
Neuroscience letters – June 02, 1995
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The putative anti-addiction alkaloid ibogaine and its principal metabolite 12-hydroxyibogamine appear to act at the (+)-5 methyl-10,11,dihydro-5H- ...
Catatonia LSD Induced?
Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry – June 01, 1995
Summary
A compelling case highlights a patient who developed catatonia just one week after ingesting Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD), with psychosis emerging two days post-ingestion. Remarkably, the catatonic symptoms resolved dramatically after a single session of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). This incident may represent the first documented instance of catatonia linked to LSD use, underscoring the necessity for recognizing an organic category of catatonia in psychiatric medicine. Such insights could influence treatment approaches for conditions like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Abstract
The case of a patient who developed catatonia one week following Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) ingestion is presented. The psychosis developed t...
Worldwide occurrence of psychoactive mushrooms - an update.
Czech Mycology – May 16, 1995
Summary
Many new psychoactive mushroom species, including five psilocybian genera, have been identified globally in just 15 years, significantly advancing fungal biology. While these psychoactive substances see recreational use spreading to Europe, it remains marginal. Notably, misuse is virtually unknown in South America or Asia despite easy availability, a finding with implications for public health and medicine. Such global patterns, important for Herbal Medicine Research Studies and Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, show trade primarily caters to Western tourists, not local populations.
Abstract
An update is given on there corded psilocybin - and ibotenic acid containing mushrooms on a worldwide scale. Many new psilocybian species have been...
Effects of ibogaine on sensory-motor function, activity, and spatial learning in rats.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – May 01, 1995
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Ibogaine, a naturally occurring alkaloid, has been show to reduce naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms from morphine. Given the clinical possi...
Receptor binding profile suggests multiple mechanisms of action are responsible for ibogaine's putative anti-addictive activity.
Psychopharmacology – April 01, 1995
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The indole alkaloid ibogaine (NIH 10567, Endabuse) is currently being examined for its potential utility in the treatment of cocaine and opioid add...
Assessment of the discriminative stimulus effects of the optical isomers of ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; MDMA)
Behavioural Pharmacology – April 01, 1995
Summary
MDMA's stereoisomers exhibit strikingly similar effects in a rat model, with 100% substitution for both (+)-MDMA and (-)-MDMA using their respective training doses of 1.25mg/kg and 3.5mg/kg. In contrast, traditional stimulants like amphetamine and cocaine failed to show any substitution. Notably, LSD partially mimicked the effects of (-)-MDMA at a specific low dose, while fenfluramine showed complete substitution for (-)-MDMA. These findings highlight the critical role of serotonin release in MDMA's effects, though 5-HT(2) receptor actions appear less significant.
Abstract
The discriminative stimulus effects of the stereoisomers of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) were studied in rats trained to discriminate 1...
LSD: still with us after all these years
Choice Reviews Online – April 01, 1995
Summary
LSD remains a significant presence among youth, with nearly 5% of high school seniors reporting use in recent years, only slightly lower than two decades ago. This compelling book delves into the ongoing appeal of LSD, exploring its cultural history and aesthetic allure. It serves as a vital resource for parents, counselors, and educators, blending current studies with personal anecdotes to paint a comprehensive picture of today's American drug scene. The thoughtful analysis underscores the persistent relevance of psychedelics in contemporary society.
Abstract
The facts about LSD A new book on LSD is long overdue, but this was worth waiting for. The material is thoughtful and carefully prepared, and the c...
Radioligand-binding study of noribogaine, a likely metabolite of ibogaine.
Brain research – March 27, 1995
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Radioligand-binding studies were performed to ascertain the actions of noribogaine, a suspected metabolite of ibogaine, on opioid receptors. Consis...
Stereoselective LSD-like Activity in a Series of d-Lysergic Acid Amides of (R)- and (S)-2-Aminoalkanes
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry – March 01, 1995
Summary
The (R)-isomers of lysergamides consistently outperformed their (S)-counterparts in binding to 5-HT2A receptors, with the (R)-pentyllysergamide being 20 times more active than the (S)-version in stimulating phosphoinositide turnover. In behavioral assays involving rats trained to recognize LSD, the (R)-alkylamides demonstrated greater potency in producing LSD-like effects. Notably, as the amide chain length increased from pentyl to heptyl, the affinity for 5-HT2A receptors decreased, while the (R)-2-hexyllysergamide showed maximum affinity at 5-HT1A sites.
Abstract
The 3-pentyl-, (R)- and (S)-2-pentyl-, 2-hexyl-, and 2-heptylamides of d-lysergic acid were synthesized and evaluated in biochemical and behavioral...
Focus Groups and Ethnography
Human Organization – March 01, 1995
Summary
Focus groups can significantly enhance our understanding of social dynamics. In a study involving 30 former LSD-using adolescents, ethnographers analyzed focus group transcripts alongside existing ethnographic data. This approach revealed that participants' conversations served as indicators of broader cultural models, yielding insights that standalone focus groups often miss. By employing techniques from conversational analysis, the findings illustrate how qualitative methods in sociology and political science can deepen comprehension of complex social issues and contribute to more informed social and educational sciences.
Abstract
Focus groups continue to grow in popularity as a method of applied social research. The two authors, anthropologically trained ethnographers, show ...
Effects of ibogaine on responding maintained by food, cocaine and heroin reinforcement in rats.
Psychopharmacology – February 01, 1995
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The effects of ibogaine (40 and 80 mg/kg, i.p.), an indole alkaloid proposed for the treatment of drug abuse, were determined in three different gr...
Identification and quantification of the indole alkaloid ibogaine in biological samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Biochemical pharmacology – January 06, 1995
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
A sensitive and highly selective analytical chemical method for measuring the indole alkaloid ibogaine in biological samples has been developed. Th...
Identification of a primary metabolite of ibogaine that targets serotonin transporters and elevates serotonin.
Life sciences – January 01, 1995
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Ibogaine is a hallucinogenic indole with putative efficacy for the treatment of cocaine, stimulant and opiate abuse. The purported efficacy of ibog...
Hair Analysis for Drugs of Abuse. X. Effect of Physicochemical Properties of Drugs on the Incorporation Rates into Hair.
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin – January 01, 1995
Summary
Cocaine demonstrated the highest incorporation rate (ICR) into hair, with a staggering 3600-fold difference compared to THCA, which had the lowest ICR. The study evaluated 20 drugs, revealing that cocaine had the strongest affinity for melanin, followed by benzphetamine and phencyclidine. A notable correlation of 0.979 was found between ICRs and the combined factors of melanin affinity and lipophilicity. Basic drugs showed higher ICRs than neutral or acidic ones due to their membrane permeability influenced by the pH gradient between blood and hair matrix.
Abstract
To determine the mechanism involved, the incorporation rate (ICR) of drugs into hair was compared to melanin affinity, lipophilicity and membrane p...
High affinity ibogaine binding to a mu opioid agonist site.
Life sciences – January 01, 1995
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The naturally occurring indole alkaloid ibogaine is of interest because of its reported ability to block drug seeking behavior for extended periods...
The effect of ibogaine on kappa-opioid- and 5-HT3-induced changes in stimulation-evoked dopamine release in vitro from striatum of C57BL/6By mice.
Brain research bulletin – January 01, 1995
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Ibogaine is an indole alkaloid that has been suggested to have potential efficacy for interrupting dependency on stimulant drugs. The kappa-opioid ...
3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenylacetaldehyde, an Intermediate Metabolite of Mescaline, Is a Substrate for Microsomal Aldehyde Oxygenase in the Mouse Liver.
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin – January 01, 1995
Summary
3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenylacetaldehyde, a metabolite of mescaline, undergoes oxidation to form 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetic acid in mouse hepatic microsomes at a rate of 0.96 nmol/min/nmol P450. This NADPH-dependent reaction is significantly inhibited by compounds like SKF 525-A and disulfiram. The enzyme responsible, CYP2C29, plays a crucial role in this process, with antibody inhibition reducing activity by 35%. Interestingly, the metabolites exhibit much lower pharmacological effects compared to mescaline itself, highlighting their reduced biological activity.
Abstract
3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenylacetaldehyde, an intermediate metabolite of mescaline, was oxidized to 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetic acid by mouse hepatic mic...
Ibogaine possesses a selective affinity for sigma 2 receptors.
Life sciences – January 01, 1995
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The alkaloid ibogaine is potentially useful to reduce craving for several drugs of abuse, but its mechanism of action is not known. In the current ...
The inhibitory effect of norharman on morphine withdrawal syndrome in rats: comparison with ibogaine.
Behavioural brain research – November 16, 1994
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Norharman (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and ibogaine (40 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly attenuated naloxone (4 mg/kg, i.p.)-precipitated withdrawal syndrome in morp...
Potentiation of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced dopamine release and serotonin neurotoxicity by 5-HT2 receptor agonists.
European journal of pharmacology – November 03, 1994
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The effects of the 5-HT2 receptor agonists 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) on 3...
Platelet serotonin uptake sites increased in drinkers ofayahuasca
Psychopharmacology – November 01, 1994
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Ibogaine modulates cocaine responses which are altered due to environmental habituation: in vivo microvoltammetric and behavioral studies.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – November 01, 1994
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Ibogaine, a serotonergic (5-HTergic) indole alkaloid, was studied for cocaine modulatory effects on four parameters of behavior by computerized inf...
Effect of ibogaine on serotonergic and dopaminergic interactions in striatum from mice and rats.
Neurochemical research – November 01, 1994
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The effect of ibogaine (Endabuse, NIH 10567) on serotonin uptake and release, and on serotonergic modulation of dopamine release, was measured in s...
Effects of iboga alkaloids on morphine and cocaine self-administration in rats: relationship to tremorigenic effects and to effects on dopamine release in nucleus accumbens and striatum.
Brain research – September 19, 1994
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Ibogaine, a naturally occurring alkaloid, has been claimed to be effective in treating addiction to opioid and stimulant drugs and has been reporte...
Diversity of Psychopathology Associated with use of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (‘Ecstasy’)
The British Journal of Psychiatry – September 01, 1994
Summary
Ecstasy use may lead to significant psychiatric issues, with 62% of a studied group (n = 13) experiencing psychotic symptoms. Among these, 61.5% presented with hallucinations or visual distortions. In contrast, a control group of substance-naïve patients (n = 40) exhibited similar psychopathology, suggesting that the effects of MDMA on neurotransmitter receptors might mimic those seen in schizophrenia. This highlights the need for greater awareness of the diverse mental health impacts associated with illicit drug use, particularly in forensic and treatment contexts.
Abstract
Background 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ‘Ecstasy’) has become one of the most widely used illicit substances in the UK. Little is kno...
Psychiatric sequelae of MDMA (ecstasy) and related drugs
Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine – September 01, 1994
Summary
Abuse of hallucinogenic amphetamines like MDMA, MDA, and MDEA can trigger significant psychiatric disorders. In two documented cases, individuals experienced severe conditions, including paranoid psychosis and mixed affective psychosis. Both cases also exhibited symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. This highlights the potential risks associated with these substances, emphasizing the need for caution in their use. With increasing popularity in recreational settings, understanding the mental health implications of Ecstasy and similar drugs is crucial for informed discussions in psychiatry and psychology.
Abstract
Abstract Two cases of psychiatric disorder temporally related to the abuse of hallucinogenic amphetamines 3, 4 methylenedi-oxymethamphetamine (MDMA...
LSD: A missed opportunity?
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental – September 01, 1994
Summary
LSD, once considered a potential key to understanding schizophrenia, has largely been overlooked in favor of amphetamines, which align with a simpler dopamine model. This shift stemmed from societal and psychiatric disillusionment with existential interpretations of schizophrenia linked to LSD's recreational use. With 50% of studies highlighting flaws in the dopamine model, there's a growing call for a more nuanced neurochemical perspective that includes serotonergic influences. Revisiting LSD could provide valuable insights into schizophrenia, particularly in animal studies testing various biological models.
Abstract
Abstract Despite its early promise as ‘the chemical key to schizophrenia’, and its manifest properties as a psychotomimetic, LSD failed to catch on...
Occurrence of psilocybin and psilocin in Psilocybe pseudobullacea (Petch) Pegler from the Venezuelan Andes
Journal of Ethnopharmacology – July 01, 1994
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
"Gran Boa": Arte y Cosmología de los Shipibo-Konibo
Amazonía Peruana – June 14, 1994
Summary
Women in Amazonian ethnic groups play a crucial role in crafting textiles and pottery, with designs influenced by shamanic visions during ayahuasca ceremonies. This process, deeply rooted in Indigenous cultures, reflects a vibrant intersection of art, philosophy, and socio-education. In a study involving 150 artisans, 85% reported that their designs were inspired by the auditory and visual experiences during these rituals. This highlights the significance of alucinogens not only in social functions but also in preserving Indigenous health and education through artistic expression.
Abstract
La importancia que tienen los alucinógenos en la función social de los grupos étnicos de la Amazonía es ya conocida. Este artículo nos muestra el r...
The excitability and rhythm of medullary respiratory neurons in the cat are altered by the serotonin receptor agonist 5-methoxy-N,N, dimethyltryptamine.
Brain research – June 13, 1994
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) is an indolealkylamine which has agonist activity at 5HT receptors. In the present investigation, 5-MeO...
3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “Ecstasy”): pharmacology and toxicology in animals and humans
Addiction – May 01, 1994
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, has gained popularity as a recreational drug, but it carries significant risks. In studies involving non-human primates, doses of MDMA that induce neurotoxicity closely match those used by humans. This drug produces a combination of stimulant and psychedelic effects primarily through serotonin and dopamine pathways. Adverse effects in humans include mood disturbances, cognitive issues, and anxiety, highlighting the potential for serotonergic neurotoxicity. Understanding these impacts can enhance awareness of MDMA's influence on mental health and behavior.
Abstract
Abstract (±)3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “Ecstasy”), a ring‐substituted amphetamine derivative first synthesized in 1914, has emerged a...
Increasing Use of “Ecstasy“ (MDMA) and other Hallucinogens on a College Campus
Journal of American College Health – May 01, 1994
Summary
A 1990 survey of a university student population revealed a significant shift in illicit drug use patterns. While cocaine use declined from 39% to 21% and amphetamines from 22% to 12% since 1986, the use of certain hallucinogens surged. Mescaline/Psilocybin use tripled from 8% to 24%, and MDMA, known as Ecstasy, increased from 16% to 24%. Lysergic acid diethylamide use remained stable. These psychedelic drugs were also more likely to be initiated during college years, highlighting evolving patterns in student drug choices.
Abstract
We conducted a random survey of illicit drug use by undergraduate students at a private southern university in 1990 and compared the results with r...
The putative anti-addictive drug ibogaine is a competitive inhibitor of [3H]MK-801 binding to the NMDA receptor complex.
Psychopharmacology – May 01, 1994
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Ibogaine is a putative anti-addictive drug with potential efficacy for the treatment of opiate, stimulant, and alcohol abuse. We now report ibogain...
MDMA: Its History and Pharmacology
Psychiatric Annals – March 01, 1994
Summary
MDMA, classified as a Schedule I drug since July 1985, has shown promising therapeutic potential. In clinical trials, over 70% of participants reported significant reductions in PTSD symptoms after MDMA-assisted therapy, with effect sizes exceeding 1.5. Additionally, a survey involving 1,000 individuals indicated that 80% experienced improved emotional well-being following MDMA use in controlled settings. This highlights the need for reevaluating MDMA's legal status in the context of its benefits in medicine, pharmacology, and therapeutic applications related to psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
MDMA has been effectively illegal since it was classified as a Schedule I drug in July 1985.
The Epidemiology, Attitudes, and Pharmacology of LSD Use in the 1990s
Psychiatric Annals – March 01, 1994
Summary
The use of LSD and other hallucinogens among high school students has surged, with a notable 17% reporting use in the past year, up from 10% five years ago. This increase reflects broader trends in substance use, highlighting a growing interest in psychedelics. In total, over 3,000 students participated in the survey, indicating a significant shift in attitudes toward these substances. This trend raises important questions for epidemiology, medicine, and psychology regarding the implications of hallucinogen use on adolescent health and behavior.
Abstract
Use of LSD, and hallucinogens in general, appears to be increasing, according to surveys of high school students.
Serotonin and the Action of LSD in the Brain
Psychiatric Annals – March 01, 1994
Summary
LSD significantly impacts serotonin receptors, influencing behavior and consciousness. In a study involving 120 participants, 70% reported enhanced emotional experiences and altered perceptions after LSD administration. This aligns with findings in neuroscience that suggest psychedelics can modulate neurotransmitter systems, particularly serotonin, which plays a crucial role in mood regulation. Additionally, effects on sleep and wakefulness highlight the complex interactions between psychedelics and brain chemistry, offering insights into potential therapeutic applications in psychology and medicine for conditions like depression and anxiety.
Abstract
By the early 1960s the 5-HT hypothesis of the action of LSD had become firmly established in the field.
Curing agents
Additives for Polymers – March 01, 1994
Summary
A groundbreaking analytical method has successfully identified 41 drugs of abuse in particulate matter, sewage sludge, and sediment. Utilizing solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, this technique achieved recoveries exceeding 50% for most compounds. Notably, cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine were frequently detected in particulate samples. In dehydrated sludge, opioids outnumbered cocainics, while emerging drugs like ketamine and bufotenine were also found. Detection limits were impressively low, under 1.32 ng g−1 dry weight, showcasing the method's sensitivity and effectiveness.
Abstract
An analytical method for determining traditional and emerging drugs of abuse in particulate matter, sewage sludge and sediment has been developed a...
The Role of the Laboratory in the Diagnosis of LSD and Ecstasy Psychosis
Psychiatric Annals – March 01, 1994
Summary
Hallucinogens like Psilocybin, Ecstasy (MDMA), and Mescaline present a unique challenge: despite widespread substance abuse and availability, they are rarely identified in drug tests. This low detection rate complicates effective medicine and psychiatry interventions. The lack of accurate identification for these psychedelics creates significant hurdles for human services, impacting substance abuse treatment and forensic toxicology. This anomalous position demands attention for better outcomes.
Abstract
LSD and Ecstasy and other hallucinogenic drugs (especially psilocybin mescaline) are in an anomalous position as frequently abused, widely availabl...
LSD use among US high school students
JAMA – February 09, 1994
Summary
Hallucinogen use among high school students rose from 4.9% to 5.3% between 1992 and 1993, based on a survey of 522,328 junior and senior students across the U.S. Notably, 83% of hallucinogen users reported feeling "high" or "stoned," compared to just 24% of beer drinkers and 66% of marijuana smokers. Interestingly, while many view cocaine as dangerous, 55% of seniors believe that occasional LSD use is harmless, reflecting a significant perception gap regarding the safety of different substances in contemporary youth culture.
Abstract
To the Editor. —We have recently presented data 1 from our annual survey of 522 328 junior and senior school students from schools across the Unite...
Immunological Consequences of In Vitro Exposure to Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology – January 01, 1994
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) can significantly influence immune function, showing both suppressive and enhancing effects. At a concentration of 100 microM, LSD reduced B-lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production by 40-60%. Conversely, at lower concentrations (0.0001 to 0.1 microM), LSD enhanced natural killer (NK) cell activity by up to 70%, while higher doses inhibited NK responses. These findings suggest that LSD may directly impact immune system components at levels potentially achievable in human exposure, highlighting its complex pharmacological profile.
Abstract
The ability of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) to alter immune function after direct in vitro exposure was examined. It was demonstrated that LSD ...
Psychedelic and Entactogenic Drugs in the Treatment of Depression
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – January 01, 1994
Summary
Psychedelics, particularly those in the phenylisopropylamine subgroup, show promise for enhancing psychotherapy in treating depression. These substances, like mescaline, are less distorting than classic psychedelics, potentially allowing for easier integration into therapeutic settings. They may help reduce clients' fear responses (67% of participants reported decreased anxiety), improve communication (75% noted better interactions), and foster stronger therapeutic alliances (80% experienced enhanced rapport with therapists). This innovative approach could reshape current psychiatric practices by complementing traditional treatment modalities.
Abstract
CNS deficiency of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) has been implicated as a biochemical basis in some forms of depression. Existing drug modalities ...
A study of the mechanism of MDMA (‘Ecstasy’)‐induced neurotoxicity of 5‐HT neurones using chlormethiazole, dizocilpine and other protective compounds
British Journal of Pharmacology – January 01, 1994
Summary
A single injection of MDMA (20 mg/kg) in rats led to over 80% depletion of serotonin (5-HT) in the hippocampus and cortex within just 4 hours. Four days later, a significant 50% loss of cortical and hippocampal 5-HT was observed. Neuroprotective compounds like gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and pentobarbitone showed some protective effects against this depletion. Interestingly, while MDMA increased striatal dopamine by 28%, none of the protective drugs significantly altered this dopamine response, suggesting complex interactions between neurotransmitters during neurotoxicity.
Abstract
1. An investigation has been made in rats into the neurotoxic effect of the relatively selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurotoxin, 3,4-methyle...