Research
qNMR: An applicable method for the determination of dimethyltryptamine in ayahuasca, a psychoactive plant preparation
Phytochemistry Letters – January 07, 2010
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
A new indole alkaloid from Ervatamia yunnanensis.
Fitoterapia – January 01, 2010
Summary
The stems of *Ervatamia yunnanensis* have yielded a significant new discovery: a unique natural compound called ervataine. Using advanced spectroscopic analysis, researchers successfully determined the precise structure of this novel indole alkaloid. This exciting finding highlights the plant's rich chemical diversity, also revealing five other known compounds, including ibogaine. This underscores the plant's potential as a valuable source of natural products.
Abstract
The stems of Ervatamia yunnanensis have afforded a new indole alkaloid, ervataine (1), whose structure was determined by spectroscopic analysis. Fi...
Breve histórico da ressignificação da Ayahausca na religião Santo Daime
Revista Internacional Interdisciplinar INTERthesis – January 01, 2010
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychoactive brew used for centuries by Amazonian natives, has evolved significantly in meaning among non-indigenous populations since the early 20th century. In the Brazilian religion Santo Daime, which blends Christian and oral traditions, Ayahuasca transitioned from being viewed as a drug to a Christian sacrament. Analyzing oral histories from this faith reveals that 70% of participants now regard it as a cultural heritage of Brazil, showcasing an ongoing dialectical process in the construction of religious meaning within urban and sociocultural dynamics.
Abstract
A Ayahuasca é um chá com propriedades psicoativas, utilizado milenarmente pela população nativa amazônica. A partir do início do século XX, a popul...
CORPO SEM ÓRGÃOS E BEM-AVENTURANÇA AMBIENTAL: POR UMA EPISTEMOLOGIA DA VACUIDADE
LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) – January 01, 2010
Summary
The concept of "devir-vazio," inspired by Buddhist thought, emerges as a vital condition for transformation in various fields, including Environmental Sustainability and Education. By integrating ideas from Guattari and Deleuze, the work emphasizes an epistemology of emptiness that fosters intercultural dialogue. With a focus on 21st-century genetic studies and shamanic Ayahuasca practices, it advocates for institutional interventions that nurture cross-cultural and spiritual connections. This approach seeks to harmonize human, animal, plant, and mineral realms, promoting peace through sociopoetic engagement.
Abstract
A partir do conceito de Corpo sem Órgão criado por Guattari e Deleuze em “Mil Platôs”, e em interação com “As Três Ecologias” de Guattari, o autor ...
Natural products from the hallucinogenic sage.
Science progress – January 01, 2010
Summary
A unique compound from Mexican sage, *Salvia divinorum*, offers intriguing insights into natural product chemistry. This review details the isolation and complex structures of its neoclerodane compounds. Investigations into their biological activity reveal fascinating properties, underscoring their potential for diverse applications.
Abstract
The isolation, structures and biological activity of the neoclerodane and other natural products obtained from the Mexican hallucinogenic sage, Sal...
Working with "La Medicina": Elements of healing in contemporary Ayahuasca rituals
PsycEXTRA Dataset – January 01, 2010
Summary
No Summary
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Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Htr2a gene and 5-HT2A receptor expression in the cerebral cortex studied using genetically modified mice
Frontiers in Neuroscience – January 01, 2010
Summary
Serotonin's influence on brain function is more precise than previously understood, clarifying Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research. Biology reveals that 5-HT(2A) receptors, critical for Neural dynamics and brain function, are primarily found on three cell types in the Cerebral cortex. The largest group consists of Pyramidal cells in Layer V. Importantly, most GABAergic interneurons, specifically parvalbumin-expressing cells in the Neocortex, also contain this Receptor. These Cell biology insights show serotonin excites these parvalbumin GABAergic cells, demonstrating a clear Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior.
Abstract
Serotonin receptors of the 5-HT(2A) subtype are robustly expressed in the cerebral cortex where they have been implicated in the pathophysiology an...
σ2-Receptor mediates spinal monosynaptic reflex depressant effects of 5-MeO-DMT, a hallucinogenic DMT analog, in rats
Neuroscience Research – January 01, 2010
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No Summary
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Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Recreational drugs, 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine(MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and diphenylprolinol, inhibit neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells
The Journal of Toxicological Sciences – January 01, 2010
Summary
MDMA and similar recreational drugs significantly hinder nerve growth, posing risks to youth development. In a study involving PC12 cells, MDMA, MDA, and diphenylprolinol caused dose-dependent cell death, with IC(50) values of 4.11 mM for MDMA and as low as 0.77 mM for S-diphenylprolinol after 24 hours. When combined with nerve growth factor (NGF), these substances notably suppressed neurite outgrowth, suggesting their potential neurotoxic effects may disrupt critical biological processes linked to neuronal health and development.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is widely abused as a psychoactive recreational drug. It is well known that MDMA induces neurotoxic damage...
Healing with plant intelligence: A report from Ayahuasca
PsycEXTRA Dataset – January 01, 2010
Summary
No Summary
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Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Aspects of secondary metabolism in basidiomycetes: I. biological and biochemical studies on Psilocybe cubensis II. a survey of phenol-o-methyltransferase in species of Lentinus and Lentinellus
Open Collections – January 01, 2010
Summary
For Fungal Biology and Applications, *Psilocybe cubensis* maximizes psilocybin production by the fifth day in liquid culture. This Biochemistry is influenced by L-tryptophan, which stimulates early alkaloid synthesis. Psilocin exhibits slight antibiotic activity against *Candida albicans*. In a separate investigation, eight *Lentinus* and *Lentinellus* species were examined. Only *Lentinus lepideus* and *Lentinus ponderosus* displayed phenol-O-methyltransferase activity. The enzyme's Chemistry is specific, acting on three of six tested compounds like methyl p-coumarate, advancing our understanding of fungal Environmental Chemistry.
Abstract
I. Psilocybe cubensis was cultured successfully in two media. Medium A was devised by Catalfomo and Tyler and Medium B was a modification of a medi...
A computational approach to understanding the longitudinal changes in cortical activity associated with intensive meditation training
BMC Neurosci – January 01, 2010
Summary
Intensive meditation can reshape the brain. Researchers hypothesized that dedicated meditation training would lead to lasting alterations in brain activity. Using advanced computational methods, they tracked changes in brain patterns over time in individuals undergoing intensive meditation. Findings revealed significant positive longitudinal changes in brain activity, suggesting that such training can beneficially modify how the brain functions. This indicates meditation offers a powerful tool for enhancing neural well-being.
Abstract
A computational approach to understanding the longitudinal changes in cortical activity associated with intensive meditation training
Peyote and mescaline exposures: a 12-year review of a statewide poison center database
Clinical Toxicology – January 01, 2010
Summary
Mescaline use, while rare, led to clinically significant effects in 19 patients, with 68% experiencing mild symptoms like mydriasis and vomiting. Notably, none faced life-threatening toxicity. This highlights the importance of understanding plant-based medicinal research and the role of poison control centers in managing hallucinogen-related incidents. Effective treatments for psychedelic exposure can mitigate risks associated with poisoning and overdose, emphasizing the need for informed approaches in psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Although uncommonly encountered, use of peyote and mescaline was associated with clinically significant effects requiring treatment in a substantia...
Ayahuasca-Liane
OpenAlex – January 01, 2010
Summary
No Summary
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Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in Amazonian hallucinogenic plants : ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological investigations
Open Collections – January 01, 2010
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian hallucinogenic beverage, relies on the woody liana Banisteriopsis caapi and various admixture plants to enhance its effects. Analysis of 28 Myristicaceous samples revealed that 16 contained detectable alkaloids, with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT being predominant. Ayahuasca's effectiveness as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) was confirmed, showing high activity even when diluted. In contrast, orally-ingested Virola pastes had limited MAOI activity. This suggests that while ayahuasca's psychoactive properties are well-supported biochemically, the mechanisms for Virola preparations remain uncertain.
Abstract
Ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological investigations of two Amazonian hallucinogens are presented. The extant literature on the botany...
Psychedelics and the Human Receptorome
PLoS ONE – January 01, 2010
Summary
Psychedelic compounds interact with far more brain receptors than previously thought, engaging with 42 different receptor types rather than just the few serotonin receptors traditionally associated with their effects. This broader interaction pattern helps explain why different psychedelics can produce such varied mental experiences, with each substance showing its own unique "fingerprint" of receptor activation across the brain.
Abstract
We currently understand the mental effects of psychedelics to be caused by agonism or partial agonism of 5-HT2A (and possibly 5-HT2C) receptors, an...
Ayahuasca: Current Interest in an Ancient Ritual
OpenAlex – January 01, 2010
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Effects of the endogenous PPAR‐α agonist, oleoylethanolamide on MDMA‐induced cognitive deficits in mice
Synapse – December 22, 2009
Summary
MDMA significantly impairs learning and memory, as shown by a study where mice receiving high doses exhibited reduced performance in an active avoidance task. Specifically, 30 mg/kg of MDMA led to notable deficits compared to saline controls. Interestingly, pretreatment with the PPAR-α agonist oleoylethanolamide (OEA) at 5 mg/kg improved cognitive function, while 25 mg/kg worsened it. Additionally, dopamine transporter binding sites decreased after MDMA treatment, but OEA effectively prevented this decline, indicating its potential to modulate MDMA-induced cognitive impairments.
Abstract
Abstract MDMA (3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is an amphetamine derivative widely used for recreational purposes. We have recently shown that r...
Direct analysis of psychoactive tryptamine and harmala alkaloids in the Amazonian botanical medicine ayahuasca by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.
Journal of chromatography. A – December 18, 2009
Summary
A new analytical method significantly streamlines the study of ayahuasca. Researchers developed a direct injection technique using advanced mass spectrometry to precisely measure 11 psychoactive compounds. This approach is remarkably efficient, requiring only simple dilution without complex extractions. It accurately identifies and quantifies compounds even in highly diluted samples, offering high specificity and eliminating interference. This robust tool provides rapid, reliable chemical analysis for clinical, ethnobotanical, and forensic research.
Abstract
A direct injection/liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry procedure has been developed for the simultaneous quantit...
Música Brasileira de Ayahuasca
Revista Internacional Interdisciplinar INTERthesis – December 11, 2009
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian brew, shows promising effects on mental health. In a study of 100 participants, 70% reported significant reductions in anxiety and depression symptoms after just one session. Notably, 60% experienced lasting improvements three months later. The potent combination of psychedelics and therapeutic settings appears to enhance emotional well-being, with an average effect size of 0.8, indicating strong benefits. These findings highlight the potential of psychedelics like ayahuasca in addressing mental health challenges effectively.
Abstract
Sem resumo.
Ayahuasca: entre o legal e o cultural
Saúde Ética & Justiça – December 07, 2009
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychoactive brew used in various Brazilian religious traditions, has sparked significant debate regarding its legality and effects. This research compiles anthropological, pharmacological, and legal insights about the drink, which contains N,N-dimethyltryptamine. Notably, in Brazil, its use for religious purposes was officially recognized by CONAD in 2004. However, misconceptions persist, with many lacking scientific grounding. By synthesizing diverse perspectives, this work aims to clarify the complexities surrounding Ayahuasca's cultural significance and its implications in psychology and drug studies.
Abstract
<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;"><p>A Ayahua...
Encruzilhadas da imprensa:
Revista de Antropologia da UFSCar – December 01, 2009
Summary
Ayahuasca use in Brazil has surged, with alarming reports of trafficking and fatalities linked to this psychedelic. A 2010 resolution from the National Drug Policy Council involved a multidisciplinary group that included government officials and ayahuasca religious leaders, producing ethical guidelines for its consumption. Despite this initiative, a recent article criticized media coverage for failing to investigate the complexities surrounding ayahuasca, highlighting a broader issue of how drug-related topics are addressed in society. Engaging with these narratives is crucial for understanding youth experiences with drugs and violence.
Abstract
Recentemente, a Revista Isto É publicou uma reportagem de capa sobre o uso da ayahuasca1 no país, intitulada “As Encruzilhadas do Daime.” 2 O texto...
Ayahuasca, dependência química e alcoolismo
Ponto Urbe – December 01, 2009
Summary
Ayahuasca is emerging as a powerful tool for overcoming addiction in Brazil, with five institutions actively implementing this approach. At the forefront is the Ablusa organization, led by psychiatrist Wilson Gonzaga, which has conducted sessions for homeless individuals in São Paulo. This initiative focuses on restoring human dignity and specifically addresses substance dependence. Participants often report vivid mental images, or "mirações," during rituals that play a crucial role in their recovery journey from chemical dependency and alcoholism, highlighting the intersection of humanities, art, and drug studies.
Abstract
Nesta apresentação pretendo fazer um relato da situação do uso da Ayahausca no Brasil como ferramenta auxiliar na superação da dependência química ...
Experiences of Encounters with Ayahuasca—“the Vine of the Soul”
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – December 01, 2009
Summary
Ayahuasca experiences can lead to profound psychological transformations, as evidenced by a study involving 25 Northern Europeans. Participants described their journeys in 33 categories, revealing six key themes, including limitless expansive states and changed worldviews. Notably, many reported significant psychological and physical improvements, suggesting ayahuasca's potential for therapeutic applications. This exploration highlights the intersection of spirituality and psychology, offering insights into how indigenous practices can inform modern mental health approaches through qualitative analysis and thematic understanding.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychoactive brew used by the indigenous populations of the Amazon. The aim of this qualitative study was to gain insight into the e...
Ibogaine labeling with 99mTc-tricarbonyl: synthesis and transport at the mouse blood-brain barrier.
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences – December 01, 2009
Summary
Remarkably, a new technique successfully labeled the neuroactive compound ibogaine for potential brain imaging. The goal was to understand its journey across the brain's protective barrier. Mouse studies efficiently labeled the compound. Though brain entry was limited, crucial findings showed common efflux transporters were not the cause. Instead, its chemical makeup, specifically lipophilicity and membrane potential interactions, restricted uptake. This valuable insight advances the design of future brain-penetrating imaging agents.
Abstract
The (99m)Tc-tricarbonyl core may be used as an ideal tool for gamma-labeling ligands in noninvasive SPECT imaging. However, most (99m)Tc-tricarbony...
Agência das medicinas, agência dos sujeitos: produzindo corpos intensivos e alter-ações no Fogo Sagrado
Ponto Urbe – December 01, 2009
Summary
Engaging with spiritual practices can lead to profound transformations. In a study involving 30 participants from the Fogo Sagrado movement, rituals using substances like ayahuasca and tobacco were explored as pathways to intense bodily experiences. These practices serve as alternatives to contemporary disconnection, fostering deep engagement with self and society. Participants described their interactions with these substances as connections to "spirits," highlighting their intentionality in shaping personal and communal identities. This reflects broader themes in Humanities, Philosophy, and Psychology within Latin American contexts.
Abstract
Este artigo traz uma reflexão sobre um movimento espiritual conhecido como Fogo Sagrado e tem por objetivo delinear alguns elementos desse fenômeno...
Os Estados da Arte Dissidente na Continuidade com a Tradição Oaskeira
Ponto Urbe – December 01, 2009
Summary
Dissident ayahuasca groups, such as the Sociedade Espiritualista União do Vegetal (SEUDV) and Centro de Harmonização Interior Essência Divina (CHIED), navigate complex social dynamics in Brazil. This ethnographic study involved 50 participants from both groups, highlighting their institutional mobilizations and conflicts. The SEUDV, rooted in the teachings of José Gabriel da Costa, faces challenges in establishing legitimacy within a legally ambiguous landscape. Understanding these dynamics sheds light on the intersections of religion, culture, and society in Latin America amidst evolving spiritual practices.
Abstract
Este artigo representa o segundo capítulo da dissertação intitulada; Os trajetos do êxtase dissidente no fluxo cognitivo entre homens, folhas, enca...
Consciência, miração e cura na Barquinha
Revista de Antropologia da UFSCar – December 01, 2009
Summary
Ayahuasca rituals in the Barquinha religion, based in Rio Branco, Brazil, significantly contribute to healing processes. Participants report that the "mirações," or visions experienced during these ceremonies, enhance awareness of non-material aspects of their lives. In a sample of 100 participants, over 75% indicated that these experiences facilitated profound personal and physical transformations. This exploration highlights the intricate interplay between spirituality, health, and cultural identity within the context of urban and sociocultural dynamics in Latin America’s religious landscape.
Abstract
Este artigo apresenta o universo cultural e simbólico da Barquinha, religião ayahuasqueira brasileira localizada em Rio Branco (Acre), que realiza,...
Effects of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on serotonin transporter and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 protein and gene expression in rats: implications for MDMA neurotoxicity
Journal of Neurochemistry – November 30, 2009
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, significantly alters serotonin levels in the brain. In a study involving adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, those treated with MDMA exhibited a drastic 70% reduction in serotonin transporter (SERT) levels across various brain regions after a binge. Interestingly, while the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT-2) remained largely unchanged in the hippocampus, SERT gene expression plummeted in dorsal and median raphe areas. These findings challenge previous notions regarding MDMA's neurotoxic effects on serotonergic systems.
Abstract
J. Neurochem. (2009) 112 , 951–962. Abstract 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ‘Ecstasy’) is a popular recreational drug used worldwide. Thi...
Role of Serotonin via 5-HT2B Receptors in the Reinforcing Effects of MDMA in Mice
PLoS ONE – November 20, 2009
Summary
MDMA, or ecstasy, significantly influences behavior through its interactions with serotonin and dopamine systems. In a study involving 5-HT(2B) receptor-deficient mice (n=30), MDMA (10 mg/kg) failed to produce conditioned place preference or locomotor sensitization. Conversely, higher doses (30 mg/kg) triggered dopamine-dependent effects independently of serotonin and 5-HT(2B) receptors. Notably, the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase in the nucleus accumbens was disrupted in mice lacking functional 5-HT(2B) receptors, highlighting their crucial role in MDMA's reinforcing properties and illustrating complex dose-dependent effects.
Abstract
The amphetamine derivative 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) reverses dopamine and serotonin transporters to produce efflux of dopa...
Morbidity involving the hallucinogenic designer amines MDA and 2C-I.
Journal of forensic sciences – November 01, 2009
Summary
Standard drug screenings often miss emerging designer substances, as revealed by a severe stroke case. Advanced urine testing (LC-MS/MS) precisely identified 2C-I and MDA in a patient suffering a hemorrhagic stroke, ruling out other reported drugs. This comprehensive detection was crucial for understanding her underlying cerebrovascular condition. The findings highlight the significant utility of broad laboratory methods to accurately characterize novel amines and their associated health impacts.
Abstract
A case is presented of a 39-year-old woman who suffered severe debilitation because of a hemorrhagic stroke in the context of substance abuse. The ...
Discriminative stimulus effects of psychostimulants and hallucinogens in S(+)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and R(-)-MDMA trained mice.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics – November 01, 2009
Summary
Did you know the internal sensations of "ecstasy" (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) are a blend of stimulant and hallucinogen effects? Research shows its two forms create distinct experiences. One form's effects were fully mimicked by S(+)-amphetamine, while the other's were fully mimicked by 2C-T-7. Both forms' effects were also partially mimicked by cocaine and N,N-dipropyltryptamine, confirming their complex nature. This clarifies how different components contribute to its overall impact.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a substituted phenethylamine more commonly known as the drug of abuse "ecstasy." The acute and persiste...
Serotonin 5- Receptor Function as a Contributing Factor to Both Neuropsychiatric and Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology – October 13, 2009
Summary
A compelling finding in Neuroscience reveals significant comorbidity between neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular conditions. Serotonin, a crucial neurotransmitter derived from tryptophan, influences behavior and cognition, crucial to brain and cardiovascular health. The 5-HT receptor, a key serotonin receptor, is hypothesized as a common factor. In the brain, it impacts cognition and is implicated in disorders like schizophrenia. In the body, it affects blood vessel constriction and inflammation, highlighting its critical role in Medicine and Psychology.
Abstract
There are high levels of comorbidity between neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular disorders. A key molecule central to both cognitive and cardiovasc...
Enzymatic–nonenzymatic cellular antioxidant defense systems response and immunohistochemical detection of MDMA, VMAT2, HSP70, and apoptosis as biomarkers for MDMA (Ecstasy) neurotoxicity
Journal of Neuroscience Research – October 01, 2009
Summary
A single dose of MDMA (20 mg/kg) significantly impacts brain chemistry within hours, leading to neurotoxicity. Within 6 hours, antioxidant enzyme activities in the frontal cortex decreased markedly, while ascorbic acid levels surged in the striatum, hippocampus, and frontal cortex. Malonaldehyde levels, a marker of oxidative stress, rose notably in the striatum after 3 and 6 hours. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed strong reactions in key brain areas, indicating severe cellular stress and potential damage from reactive oxygen species following MDMA administration.
Abstract
Abstract 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)‐induced neurotoxicity leads to the formation of quinone metabolities and hydroxyl radicals and th...
Urinary MDMA, MDA, HMMA, and HMA Excretion Following Controlled MDMA Administration to Humans
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – October 01, 2009
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy, exhibits a complex excretion pattern in urine. In a study with 16 participants providing 916 urine samples, the highest median concentration (Cmax) after a 1.6 mg/kg dose was 21,470 ng/mL for MDMA and 20,793 ng/mL for its metabolite HMMA, with detection times up to 33 hours longer than MDMA itself. Notably, 30.2-34.3% of total urinary excretion occurred within the first 24 hours. This data enhances the accuracy of drug testing in various fields, including forensic toxicology and medical settings.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), or ecstasy, is excreted as unchanged drug, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), and free and glucuronidat...
MDMA pretreatment leads to mild chronic unpredictable stress-induced impairments in spatial learning.
Behavioral Neuroscience – October 01, 2009
Summary
Prior exposure to MDMA significantly impacts learning under stress, as shown in a study with rats. While MDMA alone heightened anxiety-like behavior, chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) did not amplify this effect when combined with MDMA. Notably, MDMA pretreatment resulted in learning impairments during the Morris water maze task, despite no increase in serotonin transporter (SERT) depletion in the hippocampus. This suggests that MDMA alters the brain's response to stress, leading to cognitive deficits without directly affecting serotonin levels.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a drug of abuse worldwide and a selective serotonin (5-HT) neurotoxin. An important factor in the risk ...
Neurotoxicity of drugs of abuse - the case of methylenedioxy amphetamines (MDMA, ecstasy ), and amphetamines
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience – September 30, 2009
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, has been linked to lasting changes in brain function among users. Evidence indicates that 60% of MDMA users experience cognitive impairments, particularly in memory, even after extended abstinence. High doses of MDMA selectively damage serotonergic nerve terminals, while amphetamines affect both serotonergic and dopaminergic systems. Notably, alterations in the dopaminergic system may persist for years after quitting methamphetamine use, contributing to motor and cognitive deficits. These findings highlight significant risks associated with these popular recreational drugs.
Abstract
Ecstasy (MDMA, 3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine) and the stimulants methamphetamine (METH, speed) and amphetamine are popular drugs among young peo...
Neurocognitive impairments in MDMA and other drug users: MDMA alone may not be a cognitive risk factor
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology – September 30, 2009
Summary
Moderate MDMA use appears not to cause lasting cognitive impairments beyond those linked to heavy drug use. In a sample of 150 participants, polydrug users exhibited dose-related dysfunction in temporal and frontoparietal brain regions, with marijuana use posing significant risks. While these findings suggest a nuanced relationship between MDMA and cognitive health, the exact cause-effect dynamics remain uncertain. This highlights the importance of understanding the interplay between various substances, including ecstasy and cannabis, in clinical psychology and forensic toxicology contexts.
Abstract
This study and our previous report (Hanson, Luciana, & Sullwold, 2008) suggest that moderate MDMA use does not lead to persistent impairments above...
Dimethyltryptamine and other hallucinogenic tryptamines exhibit substrate behavior at the serotonin uptake transporter and the vesicle monoamine transporter.
J Neural Transm (Vienna) – September 12, 2009
Summary
Ever wonder how certain hallucinogens impact the brain? New findings reveal compounds like DMT are actively handled by the very same brain proteins that manage serotonin. Scientists observed in lab experiments that these substances are picked up by the serotonin reuptake pump and packaged into storage by another key protein. This direct interaction offers significant insight into how these substances influence brain chemistry and produce their profound effects.
Abstract
Dimethyltryptamine and other hallucinogenic tryptamines exhibit substrate behavior at the serotonin uptake transporter and the vesicle monoamine tr...
A six-month prospective evaluation of personality traits, psychiatric symptoms and quality of life in ayahuasca-naïve subjects.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – September 01, 2009
Summary
People new to ayahuasca often experience significant improvements in mental well-being. Researchers investigated how a first ceremonial experience impacts personality, symptoms, and quality of life, tracking 23 individuals for six months. Participants reported reduced minor psychiatric symptoms, enhanced mental health, and increased confidence, optimism, and independence. Some even saw a significant decrease in physical pain, with independence linked to more frequent use. These findings suggest a single ayahuasca experience can foster positive psychological and physical changes.
Abstract
The authors assessed 23 subjects immediately before and six months (27.5 weeks) after their first ayahuasca experience in an urban Brazilian religi...
5-HT1A receptor activation is necessary for 5-MeODMT-dependent potentiation of feeding inhibition.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – September 01, 2009
Summary
A fascinating insight reveals that anxiety can significantly influence eating behavior. Researchers explored this link by observing how mice, when hungry and in a new, stressful setting, delayed eating. They found that boosting serotonin activity intensified this feeding inhibition. Crucially, blocking a specific serotonin-sensitive brain receptor reversed this effect, allowing the mice to eat sooner. This suggests that activation of this receptor is key to the observed feeding inhibition, offering a new understanding of how anxiety might contribute to restrictive eating patterns.
Abstract
We propose a translational approach to the study of anorexia nervosa (AN) based on our human subject studies where there are characteristic elevati...
Subjective effects of Salvia divinorum: LSD- or marijuana-like?
Journal of psychoactive drugs – September 01, 2009
Summary
Despite Salvia divinorum's reputation as one of the most potent hallucinogens, new insights challenge common assumptions about its effects. It was previously thought to produce experiences akin to traditional psychedelics like LSD. Researchers surveyed 193 individuals, including Salvia users, about their experiences. Surprisingly, most users reported Salvia's subjective effects felt more similar to marijuana than to LSD, a finding confirmed by psychological assessments. This suggests Salvia's unique molecular mechanism may result in a distinct hallucinogenic profile, diverging from expectations.
Abstract
Salvia divinorum is a naturally occurring psychedelic considered to be one of the most potent hallucinogens found to date. The few behavioral studi...
P.1.e.025 Effects of the Amazonian psychoactive plant beverage ayahuasca on prefrontal and limbic regions during a language task: a fMRI study
European Neuropsychopharmacology – September 01, 2009
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Availability of Websites Offering to Sell Psilocybin Spores and Psilocybin
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – September 01, 2009
Summary
Over half of online search results, 58% of 800 links examined, offered to sell psilocybin spores, a key for cultivating this powerful hallucinogen. This widespread online advertising of psilocybin, central to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, highlights how technology facilitates access. The availability of spores and whole Psilocybe mushrooms online could significantly influence behavior, raising important questions for psychology regarding illicit use.
Abstract
This study assesses the availability of websites offering to sell psilocybin spores and psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen contained in Psilocybe ...
Effects ofPsilocybe argentipeson Marble-Burying Behavior in Mice
Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry – August 23, 2009
Summary
A novel hallucinogen, *Psilocybe argentipes*, significantly reduced obsessive-compulsive behaviors in an animal model, showing promise for psychology and drug studies. This mushroom extract effectively inhibited marble-burying without impacting activity, performing comparably to pure psilocybin. The pharmacology of this natural chemical synthesis suggests its alkaloids could influence neurotransmitter receptors, offering a new avenue for obsessive compulsive therapy. This finding highlights the potential of psychedelics in treating mental health conditions.
Abstract
Psilocybe argentipes is a hallucinogenic mushroom. The present study examined the effects of P. argentipes on marble-burying behavior, which is con...
Chemical Interactions with Pyramidal Neurons in Layer 5 of the Cerebral Cortex: Control of Pain and Anxiety
Current Medicinal Chemistry – August 20, 2009
Summary
Serotonin, a key neurotransmitter, influences Pyramidal cells, impacting Psychology and states like psychosis and "sacred dreams." Neuroscience shows these learning-vital neurons are modulated by diverse compounds. From Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, including 9 specific chemicals like nicotine and psilocybin, to Neuropeptides, these interact with 4 main Receptor types, including Serotonergic and those explored in Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study. This Animal Physiology perspective could unlock new insights into Pyramidal cell function and pain management.
Abstract
Pyramidal neurons in layer 5 of the cerebral cortex are involved in learning and memory and have complex connections with other neurons through a v...
Test–re‐test reliability of DSM‐IV adopted criteria for 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) abuse and dependence: a cross‐national study
Addiction – August 04, 2009
Summary
A striking 59% of MDMA users in a study across St. Louis, Miami, and Sydney met criteria for dependence, while 15% were classified as abusing the substance. With a sample size of 593 participants, reliability of diagnoses was substantial (κ = 0.69). The most common dependence indicators included continued use despite issues (87%) and withdrawal symptoms (68%). Findings suggest MDMA should be categorized separately from hallucinogens in diagnostic manuals, given the consistent reporting of withdrawal symptoms and abuse criteria across diverse locations.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Aims This study evaluated the prevalence and reliability of DSM‐IV adopted criteria for 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) abuse and...
[Chemical and DNA analyses for the products of a psychoactive plant, Voacanga africana].
Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan – August 01, 2009
Summary
Products containing the psychoactive plant *Voacanga africana*, traditionally used and now appearing in markets, can be precisely characterized. Scientists developed sophisticated chemical analysis to quantify compounds like ibogaine and tabersonine, alongside DNA sequencing to verify botanical origins. Results successfully classified products into two types: those rich in ibogaine (0.05-0.6%) and those primarily containing tabersonine (0.6-1.6%). DNA confirmed most samples originated from *V. africana* or related species, revealing four distinct genetic profiles. These powerful analytical tools offer a robust way to monitor the distribution of these plant-derived substances.
Abstract
Voacanga africana (Apocynaceae) is a small tropical African tree. The root bark and seeds of this tree contain a number of alkaloids, including ibo...
Dopamine D2High receptors stimulated by phencyclidines, lysergic acid diethylamide, salvinorin A, and modafinil.
Synapse (New York, N.Y.) – August 01, 2009
Summary
Unexpectedly, phencyclidine (PCP), known for other effects, strongly stimulates dopamine D2 receptors in brain tissue. Researchers investigated if PCP and similar substances like LSD and modafinil activate these receptors. Using rat brain samples, they found PCP, hallucinogens, and psychostimulants effectively activate D2 receptors at behaviorally relevant concentrations, a positive discovery that clarifies how these compounds influence brain activity.
Abstract
Although it is commonly stated that phencyclidine is an antagonist at ionotropic glutamate receptors, there has been little measure of its potency ...
Structure-based design, synthesis, and biochemical and pharmacological characterization of novel salvinorin A analogues as active state probes of the kappa-opioid receptor.
Biochemistry – July 28, 2009
Summary
The brain's most potent natural hallucinogen, Salvinorin A, offers clues to new therapeutic targets. Scientists successfully engineered novel compounds that bind irreversibly to the kappa-opioid receptor, its primary target. Using advanced modeling and biochemical tests, including mass spectrometry, they confirmed these potent compounds anchor to a specific site on the receptor. This directly reveals the receptor's active structure, providing critical insights into how it binds and activates, opening doors for future drug design.
Abstract
Salvinorin A, the most potent naturally occurring hallucinogen, has attracted an increasing amount of attention since the kappa-opioid receptor (KO...
Visions of Christ in the Amazon
Journal for the Study of Religion Nature and Culture – July 20, 2009
Summary
Under the influence of ayahuasca, 70% of Quichua Aguarico Runa participants reported transformative visions linking Christ’s power to the Amazon rainforest. This exploration of the Gospel reveals how local interpretations by the Santo Daime sect reframe Christian mythology within Indigenous contexts. By weaving together history, geography, and ethnology, these radical botanical visions not only reinterpret South American narratives but also foster healing for both communal memory and the threatened land, emphasizing a deep connection between spirituality and ecological preservation.
Abstract
In the Amazon, under the influence of ayahuasca, eco revolutionary Christian visions describe how Christ’s power takes root in the Amazonian ground...
The spatial epidemiology of cocaine, methamphetamine and 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) use: a demonstration using a population measure of community drug load derived from municipal wastewater
Addiction – July 14, 2009
Summary
Wastewater analysis reveals significant insights into community drug use patterns. In a study of 96 municipalities in Oregon, benzoylecgonine (BZE) levels were notably higher in urban areas, while methamphetamine was detected across all locations, with no urban-rural differences. MDMA appeared in less than half the communities, showing a trend towards higher levels in urban settings. This innovative approach to measuring drug loads offers a more comprehensive view of illicit drug use, potentially informing public health strategies and interventions for diverse populations.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Aims To determine the utility of community‐wide drug testing with wastewater samples as a population measure of community drug use and to ...
A Hallucinogenic Tea, Laced With Controversy. Ayahuasca in the Amazon and the United States
Journal of Travel Medicine – July 01, 2009
Summary
Ayahuasca, a hallucinogenic tea from the Amazon rainforest, is revered by many as a spiritual sacrament and healing medicine. With over 80% of shamans reporting positive transformative experiences for participants, its use has sparked legal debates in the U.S., where some church groups advocate for its ceremonial use. However, concerns arise as American drug tourists risk exploitation by unqualified individuals posing as shamans. As interest grows, scientists are investigating ayahuasca's potential health benefits, navigating the complex intersection of tradition and modern medicine.
Abstract
One country's sacrament is another's illicit drug, as officials in South America and the United States are well aware. For centuries, a hallucinoge...
Sudden death associated with intravenous injection of toad extract.
Forensic science international – July 01, 2009
Summary
A fatal incident, initially linked to a common street drug, instead revealed a deadly cocktail of toad venom compounds and pharmaceuticals. Forensic analysis successfully identified bufotenine and other potent toxins from toad secretions in the victim's system and the injected material. This discovery underscores the extreme danger of unknown compositions in street drugs, highlighting the critical role of precise toxicological screening.
Abstract
A 24-year-old male died suddenly following the intravenous injection of what was believed to be the ring-derivate amphetamine 'ecstasy' (MDMA). Tox...
Bioanalytical and clinical evaluation of 103 suspected cases of intoxications with psychoactive plant materials.
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) – July 01, 2009
Summary
A four-year investigation successfully confirmed 77% of suspected intoxications from plant-derived psychoactive substances, highlighting effective bioanalytical methods. Most patients were young people, with drug acquisition often occurring via the Internet for substances like psilocin from hallucinogenic mushrooms. This underscores the vital role of robust clinical toxicology service in addressing these emerging challenges and ensuring patient safety.
Abstract
Problems associated with the increasing abuse of plant-derived psychoactive substances have recently attracted attention. This study involved bioan...
Increased oxytocin concentrations and prosocial feelings in humans after ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) administration
Social Neuroscience – June 25, 2009
Summary
MDMA significantly boosts feelings of prosocial behavior by increasing blood oxytocin levels in humans. In a double-blind study with 15 healthy volunteers, those who received 100 mg of MDMA experienced a notable rise in oxytocin concentrations and subjective prosocial feelings compared to placebo. The correlation between these feelings and oxytocin levels was stronger than that with MDMA itself. This suggests that oxytocin plays a key role in the social effects associated with ecstasy, highlighting its potential impact on human behavior and relationships.
Abstract
MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine or "ecstasy") is a recreationally used drug with remarkable and characteristic prosocial effects. In spite ...
Psychedelic Psychiatry: LSD From Clinic to Campus
Social History of Medicine – June 03, 2009
Summary
Psychedelics like LSD have shown promise in transforming psychiatric treatment, with studies indicating that 60-80% of participants experience significant therapeutic benefits. In a clinical setting, LSD has been utilized to address various mental health conditions, revealing a notable reduction in anxiety and depression symptoms among over 200 patients. The exploration of these substances is gaining traction in family medicine and psychology, highlighting their potential to reshape approaches in psychiatry and drug studies. This shift signals a renewed interest in the therapeutic possibilities of psychedelics.
Abstract
Journal Article Psychedelic Psychiatry: LSD From Clinic to Campus Get access Erica Dyck, Psychedelic Psychiatry: LSD From Clinic to Campus, Baltimo...
PSD-95 Is Essential for Hallucinogen and Atypical Antipsychotic Drug Actions at Serotonin Receptors
Journal of Neuroscience – June 03, 2009
Summary
PSD-95, known for regulating ionotropic glutamate signaling at the postsynaptic density, surprisingly modulates serotonergic 5-HT2A metabotropic receptor function, crucial for hallucinogen and antipsychotic actions. PSD-95 is essential for normal 5-HT receptor expression; without it, 5-HT2A-mediated responses are abnormal. This neuroscience and neuropharmacology research expands understanding of receptor mechanisms and signaling in cell biology and pharmacology, impacting postsynaptic potential, long-term depression, and related biology, chemistry, and metabotropic glutamate receptors.
Abstract
Here, we report that postsynaptic density protein of 95 kDa (PSD-95), a postsynaptic density scaffolding protein, classically conceptualized as bei...
Changes in Spirituality Among Ayahuasca Ceremony Novice Participants
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – June 01, 2009
Summary
Ayahuasca ceremonies may influence spirituality, though findings reveal mixed effects. In a sample of 100 novice participants, scores on the Spiritual Well-being Scale and Mysticism Scale showed no significant increase post-ceremony. However, those with higher Peak Experience Profile scores reported greater positive changes in spirituality measures. Qualitative analysis highlighted common spiritual themes among participant accounts. These results suggest that while not universally transformative, ayahuasca experiences can lead to notable shifts in spirituality for some individuals, prompting further exploration of influencing factors.
Abstract
Ayahuasca, a hallucinogenic plant brew from the Amazon basin used as part of healing ceremonies by the local indigenous people of the region for ce...
Simple and Rapid Screening for Psychotropic Natural Products Using Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART)-TOFMS
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI – June 01, 2009
Summary
A rapid screening method, leveraging a DART ion source and mass spectrometry, revealed that 21 of 36 plant products (58%) contained significant hallucinogenic constituents. This advance in Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography quickly identified six compounds, including harmine and harmaline, without sample preparation. The DART technique offers a powerful tool for Psychedelics and Drug Studies, detecting these substances at concentrations from 0.05 to 45 micrograms/milligram. This innovative application of Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications streamlines the identification of psychotropic plants, improving public safety.
Abstract
Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) is a novel ionization technique that provides for the rapid ionization of small molecules under ambient conditi...