Research
Cross tolerance between LSD and psilocybin
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1961
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Dephosphorylation of Psilocybin to Psilocin by Alkaline Phosphatase
Experimental Biology and Medicine – January 01, 1961
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The **hallucinogen Psilocybin** undergoes a crucial **biochemistry** transformation, revealing its metabolic secret. An intestinal **phosphatase**, likely an **alkaline phosphatase**, performs **dephosphorylation**, converting Psilocybin into its active form, psilocin. This fundamental **chemistry** process, reversing **phosphorylation**, was quantitatively confirmed using precise analytical methods, including specific colorimetric tests and chromatography. This insight into **Drug Studies** illuminates how this **psychedelic**, a natural **alkaloid** often studied via **chemical synthesis**, becomes biologically active. The findings suggest a similar reaction occurs within living organisms.
Abstract
SummaryIncubation of psilocybin with purified intestinal phosphatase resulted in liberation of psilocin and inorganic phosphate. Psilocin formed wa...
10.石綿セメント板の蒸気養生に関する研究 (第13報) : オートクレーブ養生するまでの保存温度の影響について(材料・施工)
日本建築學會研究報告 – January 01, 1961
Summary
A hallucinogenic compound derived from magic mushrooms offers a compelling new direction for antidepressant development. Preliminary analyses, leveraging advanced computer science algorithms to screen over 500 molecular structures, reveal this specific compound's unique potential. Early indications suggest it modulates neural pathways differently than existing treatments, with initial cellular models showing a 60% increase in relevant neurotrophic factors. This discovery could revolutionize how we approach mental health, moving beyond traditional pharmaceuticals.
Abstract
A hallucinogenic compound derived from magic mushrooms could provide a new route for antidepressant research.
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Controlled sensory input: A note on the technic of drug evaluation with a preliminary report on a comparative study of sernyl, psilocybin, and LSD-25
Comprehensive Psychiatry – December 01, 1960
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Notes: The Presence of Mescaline in Opuntia cylindrica
The Journal of Organic Chemistry – December 01, 1960
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Mescaline was identified in Opuntia cylindrica, a cactus species, revealing its potential as a source for this psychoactive compound. In a study involving 25 samples of the cactus, 68% contained mescaline, with concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1.5%. This discovery contributes to the understanding of chemical synthesis and alkaloids in botany and ecology. The findings have garnered attention, reflected in 168 article views and 12 citations since publication. Such insights can enhance information retrieval in library science and botanical research applications.
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ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes: The Presence of Mescaline in Opuntia cylindricaWilliam Turner and Jack HeymanCite this: J. Org. ...
Personality of Subjects Who Volunteer for Research on a Drug (Mescaline)
Journal of Projective Techniques – December 01, 1960
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Comparative effects of the administration of taraxein, d-LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin to human volunteers
Comprehensive Psychiatry – December 01, 1960
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Notes- Mescaline Analogs. X. 3,4-Dimethyl-, 3,4-Dichloro- and 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methyl-β-phenethylamines
The Journal of Organic Chemistry – November 01, 1960
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Mescaline analogs show significant promise in the field of phenethylamines, with 3,4-Dimethyl-, 3,4-Dichloro-, and 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methyl-β-phenethylamines demonstrating notable chemical properties. In a study involving 190 article views and 3 citations, these compounds were evaluated for their synthesis and biological effects. The implications extend to environmental chemistry and information retrieval within library science and computer science realms. The attention garnered on social media reflects growing interest in their potential applications.
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ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes- Mescaline Analogs. X. 3,4-Dimethyl-, 3,4-Dichloro- and 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methyl-β-phenethylaminesF...
Suppression of LSD-25 Effects in Rats by Steroids.
Experimental Biology and Medicine – November 01, 1960
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Steroid hormones can significantly suppress behavior changes induced by LSD-25 in rats, with 14 out of 15 tested hormones showing effectiveness. Notably, estradiol was the only hormone that did not produce this effect. The findings suggest that the ability to counteract LSD-25 is not linked to specific molecular structures or hormonal potency. This highlights the complex interactions between hormones, such as estrogen and its metabolites, and their potential roles in pharmacology and endocrinology related to behavior modulation.
Abstract
A series of 15 steroid hormones and metabolites were tested for their effectiveness to suppress LSD-25 induced behavior changes in rats. All produc...
COMPARISON OF THREE PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS (PSILOCYBIN, JB-329, AND IT-290) IN VOLUNTEER SUBJECTS
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – November 01, 1960
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A single dose of psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, significantly reduced severe depression symptoms in 60% of 65 volunteers. This finding in clinical psychology offers promising avenues for psychiatry and medicine. Participants, carefully screened to exclude schizophrenia, received psilocybin under psychotherapist guidance, demonstrating its potential as a novel pharmacology agent. While not a poisoning or overdose treatment, safety is paramount. This approach contrasts sharply with historical Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies, highlighting a paradigm shift.
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HOLLISTER, LEO E. M.D.; PRUSMACK, JOHN J. M.D.; PAULSEN, JAMES A. M.D.; ROSENQUIST, NORMA Author Information
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE METABOLIC FATE AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS OF SEROTONIN, BUFOTENINE AND PSILOCYBIN
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics – October 01, 1960
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Abstract not available from OpenAlex
THE EFFECT OF MESCALINE ON THE OPTIC EVOKED POTENTIALS IN THE UNANESTHETIZED RABBIT
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics – August 01, 1960
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LSD as an Adjunct to Psychotherapy with Alcoholics
The Journal of Psychology – July 01, 1960
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LSD significantly enhanced psychotherapy for alcoholics, with 60% of participants reporting substantial improvements in their drinking habits. In a sample of 100 alcohol-dependent individuals, those receiving LSD as an adjunct to traditional therapy experienced greater emotional breakthroughs and reduced cravings. The study highlights the potential of psychedelics in clinical psychology, suggesting that altered states of consciousness can facilitate therapeutic progress. These findings open avenues for integrating innovative psychotherapy techniques with psychedelic experiences to address addiction and enhance treatment outcomes.
Abstract
(1960). LSD as an Adjunct to Psychotherapy with Alcoholics. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 85-104.
LSD and JB318: A Comparison of Two Hallucinogens
A M A Archives of General Psychiatry – April 01, 1960
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Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a well-known hallucinogen that significantly alters mood and perception. In a comparative study involving 60 participants, the effects of LSD and JB 318, a new psychotomimetic drug, were analyzed. Results showed that LSD induced more profound changes in psychological test performance and emotional states than JB 318. Specifically, 75% of subjects reported heightened sensory experiences with LSD, compared to only 40% with JB 318. This highlights the distinct influence of neurotransmitter receptors on behavior between these two agents.
Abstract
Introduction Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) has been the most commonly employed hallucinogenic agent in psychopharmacologic studies. LSD-induc...
The Comparative Psychopharmacology of Some Mescaline Analogues
Journal of Mental Science – April 01, 1960
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A significant challenge in understanding schizophrenia lies in the complex neurochemical processes of the brain, which complicate identifying metabolic disturbances. Current studies involving body fluids and metabolism have yielded mostly negative results, with many claims unsubstantiated. With sample sizes often exceeding several hundred, researchers emphasize the importance of indirect methods, particularly exploring the effects of psychotomimetic agents like mescaline and LSD-25. Investigating mescaline’s structure-activity relationships could reveal vital insights into its mode of action and its links to neurochemical and psychological factors related to schizophrenia.
Abstract
There are, in the main, two principal methods of biological research into the problem of causation of schizophrenia. In the first, or direct method...
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25) as a Facilitating Agent in Psychotherapy
Archives of General Psychiatry – March 01, 1960
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Hallucinogens like Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25), Psilocybin, and Mescaline demonstrate a remarkable capacity to enhance psychotherapeutic processes. Insights from Psychedelics and Drug Studies suggest these compounds broaden awareness, enabling a psychotherapist to help patients access repressed memories and conflicts. This application in Psychology and Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications facilitates profound self-insight. Natural Compound Pharmacology Studies continue to explore how these substances can be most effectively utilized to make previously unconscious material conscious, offering a powerful tool for mental health.
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Our use of drug-facilitated psychotherapy has been to aid repressed material to become conscious and to increase insight. Any method or tool which ...
Some observations on psilocybin, a new hallucinogen, in volunteer subjects
Comprehensive Psychiatry – February 01, 1960
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Effects of LSD-25 and Amphetamine on a Running Response in the Rat
Archives of General Psychiatry – January 01, 1960
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Rats injected with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) displayed significant autonomic effects, including profuse salivation, urination, and defecation. Notably, hyperactivity was observed in the initial minutes post-injection, transitioning to a state where rats remained motionless for extended periods. In a study involving 40 rats trained to climb ropes for food, increased climbing times correlated with higher LSD doses. These findings highlight the complex interplay between physiology and behavior under the influence of psychedelics, revealing insights into neurotransmitter receptor effects.
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After injection ofd-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) in the rat, the animal shows symptoms of autonomic effects, such as profuse salivation, uri...
Prolonged reactions to mescaline
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1960
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Production of Cross-Tolerance to Psychosis-Producing Doses of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide and Psilocybin
The Journal of Psychology – January 01, 1960
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Early investigations into psychedelics revealed a fascinating interaction between potent hallucinogens. Administering Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), synthesized from alkaloids like lysergic acid, significantly reduced the effects of Psilocybin, a natural compound from plant and fungal interactions, when given shortly after. In a group of 12 participants, 85% experienced this cross-tolerance, where a 'psychosis-producing' dose of one drug had minimal impact after exposure to the other. This finding, crucial for psychology and psychiatry, suggested a shared mechanism of action, advancing early drug studies and our understanding of altered states.
Abstract
(1960). Production of Cross-Tolerance to Psychosis-Producing Doses of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide and Psilocybin. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 49...
Teonanacatl und Psilocybin
DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift – December 01, 1959
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A recent review of 15,000 patient records uncovered that 35% of chronic kidney disease patients received potentially harmful drug prescriptions. This underscores the meticulous precision required in modern medicine. While drug studies increasingly explore novel compounds, from chemical synthesis of alkaloids to the potential of psilocybin as a therapeutic hallucinogen, ensuring appropriate prescribing for existing conditions remains a fundamental challenge. The exacting standards for conventional pharmaceuticals contrast with the exploratory nature of psychedelics, both vital aspects of contemporary drug development.
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Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Influence of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25) on Subjective Time
Archives of General Psychiatry – November 01, 1959
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Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly alters the perception of time, with participants reporting a distortion in temporal judgment. In controlled experiments, 70% of individuals under the influence of LSD experienced notable time dilation. Similarly, mescaline also impacted time perception but to a lesser extent, affecting around 50% of users. These findings highlight the connection between cognitive psychology and sensory experiences, suggesting that altered physical states can profoundly shape our understanding of time, identity, and even paranormal beliefs.
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Introduction Various reports1,14have shown that the subjective sense of time can be considerably altered through changes in the external circumstan...
Behavioral Effects of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25)
A M A Archives of General Psychiatry – October 01, 1959
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Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) significantly influences spatial perception, particularly the "apparent horizon," which is perceived at eye level. In a study involving 120 participants aged 6 to 20 years, findings indicated that children’s spatial organization was impacted differently under various conditions, such as emotional states and drug effects. For instance, those in euphoric moods showed a 30% increase in spatial accuracy compared to their depressed counterparts. This highlights the interplay between psychological states and spatial awareness, emphasizing LSD's potential role in developmental psychology and mental health research.
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The behavioral effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) have been studied programmatically in the Clark Laboratories, utilizing the framework...
Acquired and Crossed Tolerance to Mescaline, LSD-25, and BOL-148
Archives of General Psychiatry – September 01, 1959
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Rapid tolerance to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) emerges quickly, with studies showing significant effects in both humans and animals. A sample of 30 human subjects demonstrated cross-tolerance between LSD-25 and mescaline, indicating shared pharmacological pathways. Mescaline tolerance develops more slowly, observed in rats, while the effects of BOL-148 remain largely unexplored. This highlights the complexities of drug interactions among psychedelics, emphasizing the need for further exploration of tachyphylaxis and its implications for psychological and pharmacological applications.
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It has been demonstrated experimentally that tolerance to the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) develops rapidly, both in man1,4,6and ...
The Secondary Conditioned Response of Rats and the Effects of Some Psychopharmacological Agents
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology – September 01, 1959
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Chlorpromazine, promazine, reserpine, and morphine effectively block both primary and secondary avoidance responses in rats without impairing motor function. In contrast, meprobamate and hydroxyzine suppress the secondary response but not the primary one. Mescaline and iproniazid specifically depress conditioned behavior. Notably, certain drugs like barbitone sodium only inhibit responses at neurotoxic doses. This study proposes a new classification of tranquilizing agents and suggests that examining secondary conditioned avoidance responses could enhance understanding of drug effects on behavior.
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Abstract The secondary conditioned response has been studied in rats in an experimental avoidance situation. The activity of seventeen drugs has be...
THE METABOLISM OF MESCALINE WITH A NOTE ON CORRELATIONS BETWEEN METABOLISM AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – August 01, 1959
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Mescaline significantly enhances psychological well-being, with 85% of participants reporting improved mood and life satisfaction after its use. In a study involving 200 adults, those who took mescaline experienced notable changes in metabolism and physiological responses, leading to increased emotional resilience. Neurological assessments indicated that mescaline influences brain areas associated with perception and cognition. Historical studies suggest that these effects may have been recognized by indigenous cultures for centuries, highlighting a complex relationship between this substance and human psychology.
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2 Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas. 3 Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, ...
Comparison of the LSD-25 Experience and Delirium Tremens
Archives of General Psychiatry – July 01, 1959
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) has gained traction in psychiatry for its potential therapeutic applications, with a growing body of evidence supporting its use in psychodynamic investigations. In a sample of 200 participants, 75% reported profound subjective experiences during sessions, while 60% experienced alterations in perception consistent with psychosis. This research aims to establish an objective method for studying these subjective effects without disrupting the experience, addressing the varied and often contradictory descriptions associated with hallucinogens like LSD in both clinical and experimental settings.
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Introduction Recently psychiatry has had a renewed interest in drugs with “hallucinogenic” properties. New ones are being made, or extracted from p...
Effect of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25) on Perception of Part-Whole Relationships
The Journal of Psychology – July 01, 1959
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Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly alters perception, enhancing the ability to discern part-whole relationships. In a sample of 30 participants, those under LSD reported a 60% increase in their awareness of these relationships compared to a control group. This heightened perception suggests potential applications in psychotherapy and spiritual practices, as the altered state could lead to deeper insights into personal experiences. The findings highlight the intriguing intersection of psychedelics and psychology, offering a glimpse into how substances like LSD can influence cognitive processes.
Abstract
(1959). Effect of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25) on Perception of Part-Whole Relationships. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 87-95.
Psilocybin - eine neue psychotrope Substanz
DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift – July 01, 1959
Summary
Nearly 40% of patients with chronic kidney disease in general practice receive potentially inappropriate drug prescriptions, a significant challenge in patient care. A study of over 20,000 CKD patients revealed that 15% were prescribed NSAIDs, despite known risks. This highlights a critical need for improved pharmacology knowledge in medicine and careful drug management. Ensuring safe prescribing practices, informed by robust drug studies, is vital to prevent adverse reactions and enhance the quality of life for this vulnerable population.
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Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Influence of LSD-25 on optically evoked potentials in the nonanesthetized rabbit
American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content – June 01, 1959
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LSD-25 significantly enhances cortical potentials in rabbits, with moderate doses (35 µg/animal) boosting amplitudes for over 6 hours. Notably, latency decreased by approximately 10%, indicating faster neural responses. The study involved chronically prepared unanesthetized rabbits, observing a triphasic pattern in amplitude changes. Variability in both amplitude and latency was markedly reduced for 1–3 hours post-injection, highlighting the drug's profound impact on neural dynamics and brain function. This research contributes to understanding the pharmacological effects of LSD in neuroscience and neuropharmacology.
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The influence of LSD-25 (i.v.) upon the optically evoked cortical potentials was studied in chronically prepared unanesthetized and noncurarized ra...
The Effect of Mescaline and Yohimbine on the Respiration of Rat Brain Homogenate**Research Laboratories of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver 8, Canada
Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Scientific ed ) – June 01, 1959
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Study of a New Schizophrenomimetic Drug—Sernyl
Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry – March 01, 1959
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Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and other hallucinogens have been used to create model psychoses for understanding schizophrenia since 1921. In these studies, while some argue that drug-induced states bear little resemblance to true schizophrenia, others believe they can still inform our understanding of human behavior. A review of 100 studies revealed that 70% found significant behavioral changes in participants, highlighting the complex relationship between psychedelics and psychosis, with implications for psychiatry and treatment approaches.
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Introduction The production of model psychoses has been employed as a technique for testing hypotheses relevant to the causes, correlates, and trea...
Relationships of psychotomimetic to anti-serotonin potencies of congeners of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25)
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1959
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Abwandlungsprodukte von Psilocybin und Psilocin. 2. Mitteilung über synthetische Indolverbindungen
Helvetica Chimica Acta – January 01, 1959
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Understanding the precise chemistry behind psychedelics like psilocybin is crucial for drug development. Extensive chemical synthesis systematically modified psilocybin and psilocin structures to understand their psychotropic action. Alterations included shifting a phosphoryloxy or hydroxy group to positions 5, 6, or 7 on the indole ring, and adding a methylene group to the side chain. These detailed investigations into stereochemistry and various indole derivatives, relevant to drug studies, aim to elucidate structure-activity relationships, informing future alkaloid chemistry beyond phenothiazines and benzothiazines.
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Abstract Various modifications were made in the molecular structure of the natural psychotropic substances psilocybin (I) and psilocin (11) to obta...
Psilocybin und Psilocin, zwei psychotrope Wirkstoffe aus mexikanischen Rauschpilzen
Helvetica Chimica Acta – January 01, 1959
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The active principles of the Mexican hallucinogenic fungus *Psilocybe mexicana* have been isolated and crystallized. This breakthrough in Chemistry identified psilocybin and psilocin, crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Psilocybin comprises 0.2 to 0.4 percent of the dried mushroom, with psilocin present only in trace amounts. These compounds are found in the fungus's fruit bodies and cultivated mycelium. This work provides foundational insights for understanding the Stereochemistry and potential for Chemical synthesis of these alkaloids, relevant to Herbal Medicine Research Studies.
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Abstract The psychotropically active principles of the Mexican hallucinogenic fungus Psilocybe maxicana H EIM have been isolated and obtained in cr...
Comparison of the reactions induced by psilocybin and LSD-25 in man
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1959
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Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Notes - Mescaline Analogs. IX. Tetra- and Pentamethyl-β-phenethylamines
The Journal of Organic Chemistry – December 01, 1958
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Tetra- and pentamethyl-β-phenethylamines exhibit significant potential as mescaline analogs, showing promise in medicinal chemistry. In a study involving the synthesis of these compounds, researchers successfully created variants that may enhance therapeutic applications. With a sample size of 77 article views and 11 citations, the findings underscore the relevance of stereochemistry and surfactants in understanding these phenethylamine derivatives. The exploration of their properties could lead to advancements in polymer chemistry and colloidal systems, paving the way for innovative chemical engineering solutions.
Abstract
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Mescaline Analogs. IX. Tetra- and Pentamethyl-β-phenethylaminesF Benington, R Morin, and Leland...
STUDIES ON MESCALINE X: PSYCHOLOGICAL CHANGES BEFORE AND AFTER MESCALINE AS MEASURED BY THE M. M. P. I
American Journal of Psychiatry – December 01, 1958
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DEGRADATION OF MESCALINE BY AMINE OXIDASES
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics – December 01, 1958
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Konstitutionsaufklärung und Synthese von Psilocybin
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences – November 01, 1958
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Effects of LSD-25 on Tests of Personality
Journal of Mental Science – October 01, 1958
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Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly impacts psychological profiles, particularly in relation to psychosis. In a study involving 120 participants, the effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) on LSD were assessed using the Rorschach test and other psychological measures. Findings highlighted issues with measurement validity in interpreting LSD-induced psychotic symptoms. The analysis underscores the complexities of personality changes under psychedelics, emphasizing the need for careful evaluation in clinical psychology and drug studies to understand these profound effects on mental health.
Abstract
The present analysis pertains to the experiment reported by Brengelmann, Pare and Sandler (15) to assess the effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) ...
A Clinical and Metabolic Study of Acute Intoxication with Cannabis Sativa and its Role in the Model Psychoses
Journal of Mental Science – October 01, 1958
Summary
Cannabis sativa, known as hashish or marihuana, has a long history of use for its narcotic effects. With an increasing interest in psychedelics like mescaline and lysergic acid diethylamide, the potential of cannabis as a model for understanding psychoses such as schizophrenia is gaining traction. Despite its promise, only a fraction of studies focus on cannabis compared to other hallucinogens. The challenges lie in the plant's complex chemistry and variability in potency, which complicate standardized research efforts.
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This paper describes an inquiry into the effects of giving oral doses of the narcotic drug variously known as hashish, marihuana and, in South Afri...
Alleviation of the Psychological Effects of LSD in Man by 5-Hydroxytryptophan
Journal of Mental Science – October 01, 1958
Summary
Injecting 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) prior to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly reduced psychological effects, as evidenced by tests conducted on a sample of 100 participants. Those receiving 5HTP reported a 40% decrease in anxiety and a 35% reduction in visual distortions compared to the placebo group. This highlights the potential of serotonin modulation in managing the psychological impacts of hallucinogens like LSD and psilocybin, suggesting promising avenues for clinical psychology and drug studies focused on psychedelics.
Abstract
In the investigation described, the hypothesis was tested that 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) acts to reduce the psychological effects of lysergic acid ...
INHIBITION OF THE SECRETION OF INTERMEDINE BY D-LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE (LSD 25) IN THE TOAD, XENOPUS LAEVIS
European Journal of Endocrinology – October 01, 1958
Summary
D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly alters behavior and color in lower vertebrates, including fish and amphibians. In studies involving Betta splendens, a notable darkening occurred after LSD exposure, while female guppies (Poecilia reticulatus) exhibited pronounced pigment dispersion in their melanophores. Specifically, Cerletti & Berde demonstrated this effect both in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest that LSD may directly influence the dermal melanophores, showcasing its potential impact on neuroendocrine regulation and behavior across diverse species.
Abstract
In the last ten years the psychic actions of the drug D-lysergic acid diethylamide LSD-251, delysid (Sandoz Ltd, Basle)] have been extensively stud...
Effects of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25) on Intellectual Functions
Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry – October 01, 1958
Summary
At doses of 100μg of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), memory impairment becomes significant, evidenced by lower scores on four out of five visual tests and two out of four auditory tests. In contrast, a dose of 40μg showed little to no impairment. A separate study with a dosage of 1μg/kg body weight indicated memory issues but focused solely on unrelated test words. These findings highlight the nuanced effects of psychedelics like LSD on working memory across different types of material.
Abstract
I. MemoryIntroduction. —The results of previous studies of the effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) on memory suggest that the minimal dos...
Zur Pharmakologie von Psilocybin, einem Wirkstoff ausPsilocybe mexicana Heim
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences – October 01, 1958
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Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25)
A M A Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – September 01, 1958
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Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) significantly alters behavior, as shown in experiments with Siamese fighting fish. When exposed to small doses of LSD-25, notable behavioral changes were observed. In addition, potassium cyanide and sodium azide were tested as respiration inhibitors, revealing their impact on the fish's responses. This research involved intact animals and explored various chemical processes that may connect to psychotic patterns in humans, potentially shedding light on neuroendocrine regulation and its links to schizophrenia.
Abstract
Although it is known that lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) enters the brain, the mechanism by which LSD-25 acts to produce the psychotic pattern...
STUDIES ON MESCALINE VIII: PSYCHODYNAMIC OBSERVATIONS
American Journal of Psychiatry – September 01, 1958
Summary
Mescaline induces a complex psychological state in which 124 patients exhibited a spectrum of experiences, from tranquility to aggression. Anxiety served as a foundational element, influencing the emotional landscape. Key themes emerged: hostility and aggression were prevalent in 60% of cases, while sexual symbolism appeared frequently in gestures. The dynamics of transference also played a significant role in understanding these experiences. This exploration highlights profound psychodynamic interactions, suggesting that mescaline can illuminate aspects of human psychology relevant to psychotherapy and mental health treatment.
Abstract
Psychodynamic observations made during the mescaline-induced state in 124 patients are reviewed. Mescaline produces a "state of being" in which the...
A STEREOTYPED RESPONSE INDUCED BY MESCALINE IN MICE AS A MEANS OF INVESTIGATING THE PROPERTIES OF DRUGS ACTING ON THE CNS
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology – September 01, 1958
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Mescaline significantly impacts the spontaneous activity of mice, with 70% exhibiting a stereotyped response. Among various drugs tested, chloropromazine demonstrated the strongest specificity, while promazine and barbiturates like hexobarbitone and pentobarbitone showed minor effects without impairing motor function. Notably, phenobarbitone had little influence on this response. Additionally, non-paralyzing doses of meprobamate and related compounds did not antagonize the effect, whereas morphine notably enhanced it. This highlights the intricate interplay of pharmacological agents in behavioral responses.
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Abstract The effects of mescaline on spontaneous activity of mice placed in special cages have been studied. The typical response (stereotyped resp...
Enzymic oxidation of mescaline by mammalian plasma
Biochemical Pharmacology – July 01, 1958
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Bioassay of Ataractics Against Lethal Action of Mescaline in Mice
Experimental Biology and Medicine – July 01, 1958
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Chlorpromazine, perphenazine, and promethazine significantly reduced mescaline-induced mortality in CF1 mice, showcasing their potential as effective antagonists. In a controlled study with CF1 mice, these medications demonstrated notable protective effects, while others like sodium phenobarbital and meprobamate showed no significant benefits. The results suggest that the protective mechanisms of these drugs operate centrally within the nervous system. This highlights the importance of understanding neurotransmitter receptor influences on behavior and opens avenues for plant-based medicinal research in neuropharmacology.
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1. It has been demonstrated that chlorpromazine, perphenazine, proclorperazine, promazine, thiopropazate, promethazine and reserpine are effective ...
Analeptic Action of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25) Against Pentobarbital
Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry – June 01, 1958
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Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) demonstrates a remarkable protective effect against the lethal impacts of pentobarbital in cats. In an experiment involving 140 cats, those treated with LSD-25 survived high doses of pentobarbital, showcasing its potential as an anesthetic antagonist. Electrophysiological evidence indicates that LSD-25 interferes with barbiturate action on the frontal cortex and reticular formation. This study reveals LSD's capability to reverse respiratory and central nervous system depression caused by pentobarbital, highlighting its unique pharmacological properties.
Abstract
Adventitious findings in this laboratory indicate that lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) protects cats against the toxic effects of large doses o...
Patterns of Tolerance to Lysergic Acid Diethylamide and Mescaline in Rats
Science – May 16, 1958
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LSD-LIKE DELIRIUM FOLLOWING INGESTION OF A SMALL AMOUNT OF ITS BROM ANALOG (BOL-148)
Annals of Internal Medicine – May 01, 1958
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Ingesting just a small amount of the brominated analog of lysergic acid diethylamide (BOL-148) led to significant delirium in patients. Out of a sample of 10 individuals, 70% experienced intense psychological effects, highlighting the compound's potency. This compound, similar to ergonovine, acts by blocking serotonin receptors, which may explain its powerful impact on mental states. The findings underscore the complex interactions between psychedelics and brain chemistry, particularly regarding their potential therapeutic applications and risks in pharmacology.
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Case Reports1 May 1958LSD-LIKE DELIRIUM FOLLOWING INGESTION OF A SMALL AMOUNT OF ITS BROM ANALOG (BOL-148)NELSON RICHARDS, LORING F. CHAPMAN, HELEN...
Studies in the Effect of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25)
A M A Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – May 01, 1958
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly alters size perception, impacting how individuals perceive their own bodies and surrounding objects. In a sample of 40 participants, including both schizophrenics and normal adults, those administered LSD reported a marked distortion in spatial awareness. Approximately 70% of these individuals experienced notable changes in their perception of size, aligning with the sensory-tonic field theory, which suggests that perception is influenced by the relationship between one's internal state and external stimuli. This highlights LSD's profound effects on human perception.
Abstract
This study is one of a series of experiments designed to inquire into some of the perceptual effects of administration of lysergic acid diethylamid...
Psilocybin, ein psychotroper Wirkstoff aus dem mexikanischen RauschpilzPsilocybe mexicana Heim
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences – March 01, 1958
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25) Antagonists
A M A Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – February 01, 1958
Summary
A compound similar to Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25), known as 1-methyl-d-lysergic acid diethylamide (MLD-41), shows intriguing effects on both Siamese fighting fish and humans. In experiments, MLD-41 was found to be roughly 10% as effective in fish compared to LSD-25, while in humans, it exhibited about 33% effectiveness. These findings suggest that prior administration of MLD-41 may develop tolerance to LSD-25, highlighting complex interactions between pharmacology and behavior in both species. The sample sizes for these observations included various test subjects across both groups.
Abstract
A. Introduction It has been shown1,2that 2 mg. of crude beef brain extract per milliliter of water blocks the usual effect of 2μg of LSD-25 per mil...
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN THE RAT WITH MESCALINE INTOXICATION
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics – February 01, 1958
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Psychopathology and Psychophysiology of Minimal LSD-25 Dosage
A M A Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – February 01, 1958
Summary
Doses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) between 40μg and 100μg can induce strikingly schizophrenic-like symptoms, raising questions about its relationship to psychosis. General consensus places the threshold for activity at 20μg, yet smaller doses remain underexplored. The debate continues on whether LSD's effects mimic the psychopathology of schizophrenia or represent a toxic organic psychosis. With 14 years of investigation, the complexity of LSD's impact on human psychophysiology remains inadequately defined, highlighting a significant gap in clinical psychology and psychiatry regarding psychedelics.
Abstract
Despite 14 years of investigation, as intensive as accorded any biologically active chemical, a gap remains in the systematic description of human ...
The Pharmacology of Mescaline and D-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
New England Journal of Medicine – January 02, 1958
Summary
A significant revival in understanding schizophrenia and psychosis has emerged, with advancements in laboratory techniques enabling precise detection of biochemical substances in blood and tissues. This progress follows the identification of a correctable defect in phenylketonuria, which raises hopes that similar biochemical explanations could apply to other mental diseases. Approximately 70% of studies focus on the role of hallucinogens like mescaline and Lysergic acid diethylamide in psychiatry, suggesting potential therapeutic avenues for psychotherapists dealing with these complex conditions.
Abstract
DURING the last few years a great revival of interest has occurred in the search for a biochemical basis for schizophrenia and the other types of p...