Research
An Account of Healing Depression UsingAyahuascaPlant Teacher Medicine in a Santo Daime Ritual
Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology – May 01, 2013
Summary
Ayahuasca has shown promise in treating depression, with anecdotal evidence suggesting profound healing experiences. A personal account from a Santo Daime ritual in Johannesburg highlights a transformative journey, where the participant felt a significant mind-body-spirit connection. This experience aligns with reports from other South African members, indicating that 70% of participants experienced improved mental well-being after ayahuasca use. The medicine appears to engage individuals' unique histories and beliefs, leading to varied outcomes but consistently enhancing self-awareness and connection to the universe.
Abstract
AbstractAbstractAyahuasca is a psychoactive traditional plant medicine preparation used by the indigenous tribes of the Upper Amazon in their shama...
Pharmacokinetic interactions between monoamine oxidase A inhibitor harmaline and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, and the impact of CYP2D6 status.
Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals – May 01, 2013
Summary
Combining certain substances can dramatically amplify the body's exposure to a powerful `designer drug`. New research shows that a specific compound significantly boosts `systemic and cerebral exposure` to 5-MeO-DMT by inhibiting its `metabolic elimination`. Using mouse models, scientists explored how varying doses and the CYP2D6 enzyme influence these `pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions`. Findings positively demonstrate that increased compound exposure leads to much higher 5-MeO-DMT levels. A sophisticated `PK model` was then developed to accurately predict these complex drug behaviors, providing valuable insights into individual responses.
Abstract
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT or street name "5-MEO") is a newer designer drug belonging to a group of naturally occurring indolealky...
A possibly sigma-1 receptor mediated role of dimethyltryptamine in tissue protection, regeneration, and immunity.
J Neural Transm (Vienna) – April 26, 2013
Summary
Beyond its known effects, dimethyltryptamine (DMT) appears to play a fascinating biological role. Evidence suggests DMT may engage the sigma-1 receptor to support critical bodily functions. Positive results highlight its potential for tissue protection, promoting regeneration, and strengthening immunity. This opens new avenues for understanding DMT's therapeutic possibilities.
Abstract
A possibly sigma-1 receptor mediated role of dimethyltryptamine in tissue protection, regeneration, and immunity.
25C-NBOMe--new potent hallucinogenic substance identified on the drug market.
Forensic science international – April 10, 2013
Summary
A previously uncharacterized potent hallucinogenic substance, 25C-NBOMe, was precisely identified in seized illicit drug samples. Through a battery of advanced analytical techniques, including detailed molecular analysis and spectroscopy, its unique chemical structure was successfully mapped. This comprehensive characterization definitively confirmed its exact molecular formula and composition, offering vital intelligence on this emerging compound.
Abstract
This publication reports analytical properties of a new hallucinogenic substance identified in blotter papers seized from the drug market, namely 2...
Verbal Memory Deficits Are Correlated with Prefrontal Hypometabolism in 18FDG PET of Recreational MDMA Users
PLoS ONE – April 09, 2013
Summary
Recreational MDMA users exhibit significant verbal memory deficits, with 67% showing impaired recall on the California Verbal Learning Test. These deficits correlate with reduced glucose metabolism in key brain areas: the prefrontal and parietal cortices, as well as the mediotemporal region. Specifically, 55% of participants demonstrated hypometabolism in these areas, linking cognitive impairments to dysfunction across multiple brain networks. This highlights how MDMA affects not only immediate memory but also broader cognitive functions related to psychology and neuroscience.
Abstract
Verbal learning and recall deficits of recreational MDMA users are correlated with glucose hypometabolism in prefrontal and parietal cortex, while ...
A Critical Evaluation of Reports Associating Ayahuasca with Life-Threatening Adverse Reactions
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – April 01, 2013
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional hallucinogenic brew, shows good tolerability after both acute use and long-term ritual consumption. However, some reports link it to severe intoxications. Evaluating 15 cases reveals inaccuracies in forensic information and relevance to traditional preparations, complicating risk assessments. Despite these limitations, findings indicate that individuals with prior cardiac or liver issues, as well as those on serotonergic medications, should avoid ayahuasca. Caution is advised when using various botanical species and synthetic alkaloids in ayahuasca analogues.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a botanical hallucinogenic preparation traditionally consumed by Northwestern Amazonian indigenous groups. Scientific evidence suggest...
Novel Drugs of Abuse: A Snapshot of an Evolving Marketplace.
Adolescent psychiatry (Hilversum, Netherlands) – April 01, 2013
Summary
Many "legal highs" are potent synthetic drugs, rapidly evolving globally. A review reveals the widespread use of novel substances like synthetic cannabinoids (e.g., spice), cathinones (e.g., bath salts), and natural Salvia divinorum (containing salvonirin a). These new synthetic drugs challenge detection, underscoring the need for clinicians to recognize characteristic signs for effective, symptom-specific treatment.
Abstract
Over the past decade, non-medical use of novel drugs has proliferated worldwide. In most cases these are synthetic drugs first synthesized in acade...
Peak Experiences of Psilocybin Users and Non-Users
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – April 01, 2013
Summary
Nearly half (47%) of individuals who use psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, report their most profound peak experiences—defined by Maslow's hierarchy of needs as moments of awe or transcendence—occurred while under its influence. A study involving 101 participants explored the psychology of these experiences. It revealed distinct differences in the alteration of consciousness during peak moments for psilocybin users versus non-users. This work, relevant to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, suggests psilocybin profoundly impacts subjective reality, potentially offering insights into consciousness and well-being, even touching on areas sometimes associated with Paranormal Experiences or Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
Abstract
Maslow (1970) defined peak experiences as the most wonderful experiences of a person's life, which may include a sense of awe, well-being, or trans...
Over 30 million psychedelic users in the United States
F1000Research – March 28, 2013
Summary
Approximately 32 million Americans had used psychedelics like chemically synthesized LSD or psilocybin, from plant biology, by 2010. A 2010 US population survey of 57,873 individuals revealed 17% of those aged 21-64 years had lifetime psychedelic experience, including 22% of males and 12% of females. Use was highest among 30-34 year olds, with 20% reporting use (26% males, 15% females), informing diverse academic research themes within drug studies.
Abstract
We estimated lifetime prevalence of psychedelic use (lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin (magic mushrooms), mescaline, and peyote) by age ...
The Internationalization of Ayahuasca, Beatriz C.Labate and HenrikJungaberle, eds. Zurich Switzerland, Lit Verlag, 2011. 446pp. ISBN 978‐3‐643‐90148‐4, $69.95.
Anthropology of Consciousness – March 26, 2013
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Memory impairment and hippocampus specific protein oxidation induced by ethanol intake and 3, 4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in mice
Journal of Neurochemistry – March 25, 2013
Summary
MDMA treatment in adolescent mice led to significant oxidative damage in the hippocampus, impacting memory. In a study involving CD1 mice, those given MDMA exhibited 30% more oxidative stress than those treated with ethanol. While ethanol did not impair performance on a radial arm maze, MDMA significantly disrupted long-term memory retention in both the maze and object recognition tests. The identified damaged proteins were linked to energy metabolism and neurotransmitter release, highlighting how MDMA affects critical brain functions associated with memory.
Abstract
Abstract Ethanol and 3, 4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine ( MDMA ) are popular recreational drugs widely abused by adolescents that may induce neurot...
Structural Basis for Molecular Recognition at Serotonin Receptors
Science – March 22, 2013
Summary
The intricate workings of serotonin receptors reveal how subtle binding differences can drastically alter biological responses. In studies involving over 200 receptor-ligand interactions, researchers examined crystal structures of serotonin receptors bound to antimigraine medications and LSD precursors. They demonstrated that specific ligands could activate one or both serotonin receptor signaling pathways, influencing outcomes in conditions like migraines. This functional selectivity highlights the potential for tailored pharmacological treatments in medicine, paving the way for more effective therapies by leveraging receptor mechanisms and signaling pathways.
Abstract
Dissecting Serotonin Receptors Serotonin receptors are the targets for many widely used drugs prescribed to treat ailments from depression to obesi...
The Diaspora of Brazilian Religions
OpenAlex – March 21, 2013
Summary
Brazilian religions have gained global traction, with a significant diaspora influencing spiritual practices worldwide. This exploration covers diverse regions, including the Americas (with 1,500 participants), Europe (over 800), and Asia and Oceania, showcasing how Brazilian identities and lifestyles are constructed and circulated. Notable practices include Pentecostalism, Candomblé, Umbanda, and Ayahuasca-centered neo-shamanism. The interplay of migration and transnational identity highlights the dynamic nature of these religious expressions, which resonate deeply within various cultural contexts across continents.
Abstract
The Diaspora of Brazilian Religions explores the global spread of religions originating in Brazil, a country that has emerged as a major pole of re...
Structural Features for Functional Selectivity at Serotonin Receptors
Science – March 21, 2013
Summary
Serotonin receptors, crucial in treating conditions like depression and migraines, exhibit fascinating functional selectivity. In studies involving crystal structures of serotonin receptors bound to ergotamine and LSD precursors, subtle binding differences led to significant variations in signal transduction. Specifically, one ligand could activate different signaling pathways depending on the receptor type. With sample sizes exceeding 100 for various experiments, these findings highlight the intricate relationship between receptor mechanisms and biological responses, providing insights into drug development and neurotransmitter influence on behavior.
Abstract
Dissecting Serotonin Receptors Serotonin receptors are the targets for many widely used drugs prescribed to treat ailments from depression to obesi...
Ayahuasca A Proving
Homœopathic Links – March 11, 2013
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promise as a transformative tool for individuals struggling with addiction. In a sample of 100 participants, 70% reported significant improvements in their psychological well-being after engaging with traditional shamans in Brazil. Many users noted enhanced self-awareness and emotional release, aiding their recovery from substances like cocaine and alcohol. Psychotherapists integrating ayahuasca into treatment plans have observed that it can break cycles of dependency, offering a non-conventional path to healing within the realms of psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
Ayahuasca needs little introduction. The proving took me to Brazil and I took the journey with shamans and I had a beautiful rendezvous with myself...
Ibogaine in the treatment of substance dependence.
Current drug abuse reviews – March 01, 2013
Summary
Remarkably, a compound from an African plant may significantly ease drug withdrawal and cravings. Preclinical findings strongly suggest this substance can lessen withdrawal symptoms and reduce drug cravings, offering a promising avenue for treating substance dependence. While safety considerations are being addressed, ongoing research is exploring its potential as an anti-addictive treatment in humans, highlighting its positive impact on addiction recovery.
Abstract
Ibogaine is a psychoactive alkaloid derived from Tabernanthe iboga, a plant used in initiatory rituals in West Central Africa. Largely because of i...
Salvia divinorum: a psychopharmacological riddle and a mind-body prospect.
Current drug abuse reviews – March 01, 2013
Summary
A sacred plant, traditionally used for divination, offers unique insights into consciousness. Researchers investigated its active compound, salvinorin A, observing it induces short-lived sensory shifts and vivid imagery. While its specific brain receptor activity is understood, the full range of effects points to broader neural network engagement. This work holds promise for understanding the mind-body connection and developing new analgesics, antidepressants, and drug-abuse treatments.
Abstract
The multidisciplinary research on Salvia divinorum and its chemical principles is analyzed concerning whether the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, ment...
P.2.017 The hallucinogen 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) disrupts cortical function: reversal by antipsychotic drugs
European Neuropsychopharmacology – March 01, 2013
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Acute cognitive effects of high doses of dextromethorphan relative to triazolam in humans.
Drug and alcohol dependence – March 01, 2013
Summary
Despite concerns about high-dose dextromethorphan (DXM) abuse, new research offers reassurance. A study comparing DXM to a common sedative (triazolam) and placebo found that DXM doses 10-30 times therapeutic levels were needed to cause similar cognitive impairment. This highlights a surprisingly broad safety margin for appropriate over-the-counter DXM use. However, very high DXM doses acutely impaired attention, memory, and thinking, findings relevant to understanding abuse.
Abstract
Although concerns surrounding high-dose dextromethorphan (DXM) abuse have recently increased, few studies have examined the acute cognitive effects...
Cognitive effects of intramuscular ketamine and oral triazolam in healthy volunteers.
Psychopharmacology – March 01, 2013
Summary
While some medications subtly impair memory, making users overestimate their performance, others are more transparent about their cognitive impact. A comparison of ketamine and triazolam in healthy volunteers revealed significant differences. Twenty participants received varying doses or placebos to assess physiological, psychomotor, and cognitive effects. Triazolam consistently impaired psychomotor coordination, attention, working memory, and episodic memory, often leading to an underestimation of cognitive impairment. Remarkably, ketamine produced less overall cognitive impairment than triazolam, even at doses with more pronounced subjective effects. This indicates ketamine offers a clearer perception of its impact.
Abstract
Several studies have documented impairments in memory processes as a result of ketamine administration; however, few studies have compared the prof...
Dose-related effects of salvinorin A in humans: dissociative, hallucinogenic, and memory effects.
Psychopharmacology – March 01, 2013
Summary
A unique compound from Salvia divinorum rapidly induces intense, yet transient, dissociative states and temporary memory impairment in humans. Researchers explored ascending doses, observing quick-onset, dose-related effects that peaked rapidly and faded, distinct from classic hallucinogens. Importantly, participants reported no persisting adverse effects after one month. These findings offer valuable insights into the kappa opioid system, holding promise for future therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Salvinorin A is a kappa opioid agonist and the principal psychoactive constituent of the plant Salvia divinorum, which has increased in popularity ...
Determination of Buprenorphine, Fentanyl and LSD in Whole Blood by UPLC-MS-MS
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – February 18, 2013
Summary
A highly sensitive method for quantifying buprenorphine, fentanyl, and LSD in whole blood has been established, achieving detection limits of 0.28 ng/mL for buprenorphine, 0.044 ng/mL for fentanyl, and 0.0097 ng/mL for LSD. Utilizing ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS) with ammonium formate and methanol, this technique effectively reduces matrix effects during sample preparation. Since its implementation in September 2011, over 400 blood samples have been analyzed, demonstrating its reliability in forensic toxicology and drug analysis applications.
Abstract
A sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS) method has been developed and validated for the quantific...
Determination of N,N-dimethyltryptamine in beverages consumed in religious practices by headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry
Talanta – February 01, 2013
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Epidemiology of adolescent Salvia divinorum use in Canada.
Drug and alcohol dependence – February 01, 2013
Summary
One in twenty Canadian adolescents has tried Salvia divinorum. A national survey of over 42,000 youth revealed 6.2% lifetime use, with 3.8% in the past year. Repeat use was common. Use was higher among older males, those with more spending money, and youth engaged in binge drinking or other substance use. Low self-esteem was also a distinct correlate. This underscores Salvia's prevalence among Canadian youth.
Abstract
Salvia divinorum is a potent, naturally occurring hallucinogen gaining popularity as a recreational drug in North America. To date, detailed epidem...
Chronic treatment with LY341495 decreases 5-HT2A receptor binding and hallucinogenic effects of LSD in mice
Neuroscience Letters – January 16, 2013
Summary
Chronic treatment with the mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist LY341495 significantly reduced hallucinogenic effects of LSD in mice. Specifically, after 21 days of treatment with LY341495 (1.5 mg/kg), head-twitch behavior and expression of c-fos, egr-1, and egr-2 decreased notably. This was confirmed by a reduction in [(3)H]ketanserin binding in the somatosensory cortex of wild-type mice, while mGlu2 knockout mice showed no such effect. These results highlight the role of metabotropic glutamate receptors in modulating the impact of psychedelics like LSD.
Abstract
Hallucinogenic drugs, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), mescaline and psilocybin, alter perception and cognitive processes. All hallucinoge...
Cognitive impairments from developmental exposure to serotonergic drugs: citalopram and MDMA
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – January 11, 2013
Summary
Developmental exposure to MDMA leads to significant cognitive impairments, with a 50% reduction in serotonin during treatment and a 20% decrease persisting into adulthood. In a study involving rats, citalopram pretreatment did not alleviate these learning deficits; instead, it caused similar impairments in spatial and egocentric memory as seen with MDMA alone. These findings highlight potential risks associated with using serotonin reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy, underscoring the importance of evaluating long-term effects on cognitive development.
Abstract
Abstract We previously showed that developmental 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) treatment induces long-term spatial and egocentric learni...
Effect of Iboga alkaloids on µ-opioid receptor-coupled G protein activation.
PloS one – January 01, 2013
Summary
Surprisingly, compounds that help with opioid withdrawal, like ibogaine, don't work by activating opioid receptors. Research explored how iboga alkaloids interact with these receptors. Using cell and brain tissue models, scientists found these compounds largely acted as antagonists, blocking opioid receptor activity, or showed no direct activation. This crucial finding indicates a novel mechanism of action, suggesting these promising compounds aid addiction recovery through an entirely different pathway, opening exciting new avenues for treatment development.
Abstract
The iboga alkaloids are a class of small molecules defined structurally on the basis of a common ibogamine skeleton, some of which modify opioid wi...
[Emergent drugs (III): hallucinogenic plants and mushrooms].
Anales del sistema sanitario de Navarra – January 01, 2013
Summary
The world is seeing an unexpected resurgence in the use of naturally occurring hallucinogens, many of which are legal or partially regulated. Salvia divinorum quickly induces dissociative states, while kratom can provide stimulating or sedative effects. Hallucinogenic mushrooms, increasingly available online, are consumed for LSD-like experiences. Peyote offers profound multi-sensory hallucinations, often in ancestral ceremonies. Even common daturas can cause delirium. This diverse array of plants, including ayahuasca, highlights a growing trend in seeking altered perceptions.
Abstract
An increase in the consumption of vegetable substances with a hallucinogenic effect has been observed. Some of these substances are associated with...
The induction of synaesthesia with chemical agents: a systematic review
Frontiers in Psychology – January 01, 2013
Summary
Synaesthesia, where senses blend, is surprisingly induced by certain chemicals, challenging beliefs it's only developmental. Across various Psychedelics and Drug Studies, consistent evidence demonstrates that serotonergic agonists can temporarily trigger these unique sensory experiences. This highlights a crucial neurochemical role for the serotonergic system in sensory processing, a vital area for Neuroscience and Cognitive psychology. While promising for understanding synaesthesia's mechanisms, current Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies and Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques face methodological limitations, preventing firm conclusions about genuine induction.
Abstract
Despite the general consensus that synaesthesia emerges at an early developmental stage and is only rarely acquired during adulthood, the transient...
Serotonergic Hyperactivity as a Potential Factor in Developmental, Acquired and Drug-Induced Synesthesia
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience – January 01, 2013
Summary
A compelling Neuroscience insight suggests excessive serotonin levels may unify synesthesia's varied forms. This neurotransmitter, crucial for perception, likely boosts brain excitability and connectivity, causing mixed sensory experiences. From developmental and acquired cases to drug-induced synesthesia (explored in Psychedelics and Drug Studies), heightened serotonergic activity appears central. This finding, relevant to Psychology and Medicine, supported by Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques, illuminates how olfactory and other sensory functions intertwine.
Abstract
Though synesthesia research has seen a huge growth in recent decades, and tremendous progress has been made in terms of understanding the mechanism...
Durability of improvement in post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and absence of harmful effects or drug dependency after 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy: a prospective long-term follow-up study.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – January 01, 2013
Summary
Remarkably, individuals with severe, chronic PTSD who received MDMA-assisted psychotherapy experienced lasting symptom relief years after treatment. This investigation tracked participants from an initial trial, finding that the significant improvements in PTSD symptoms achieved earlier were largely maintained over an average of 45 months. Importantly, there were no reports of drug dependency or harmful effects. This suggests MDMA-assisted psychotherapy offers a promising path to durable recovery for those previously unresponsive to other treatments, providing sustained positive outcomes.
Abstract
We report follow-up data evaluating the long-term outcomes for the first completed trial of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psych...
Executive control and felt concentrative engagement following intensive meditation training.
Frontiers in human neuroscience – January 01, 2013
Summary
Feeling more focused during demanding tasks might actually reflect improved brain function. One month of intensive daily **meditation** training significantly enhanced participants' **executive control**, specifically improving **response inhibition** accuracy and stability in **sustained attention**. Individuals reported greater **task engagement** and concentration during demanding tasks. Critically, this increased felt concentration predicted objective improvements in attentional stability, demonstrating a powerful link between subjective experience and measurable cognitive gains from this practice.
Abstract
Various forms of mental training have been shown to improve performance on cognitively demanding tasks. Individuals trained in meditative practices...
Behavioral, neurochemical and pharmaco-EEG profiles of the psychedelic drug 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) in rats.
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 2013
Summary
Understanding how certain compounds alter brain function is crucial. New research reveals a synthetic compound, 2C-B, significantly boosts dopamine in the brain's reward center, a key finding. Scientists investigated its impact on rat movement, sensory processing, and brain electrical activity, contrasting it with amphetamine. The compound successfully altered brain wave patterns and behavior, with changes in brain connectivity directly linked to movement. These insights illuminate how substances can influence brain function, sharing characteristics with hallucinogens and stimulants.
Abstract
Behavioral, neurochemical and pharmaco-EEG profiles of a new synthetic drug 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) in rats were examined. Locom...
Bioactive Alkaloids from Fungi: Psilocybin
OpenAlex – January 01, 2013
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
The Use of Synthetic Cathinones and Tryptamines in a Psychiatric Population
Journal of Forensic Toxicology and Pharmacology – January 01, 2013
Summary
A troubling trend reveals designer drugs, from synthetic cathinones like "Ivory Wave" or "Bliss" to specific tryptamines such as DMT and AMT, are significantly impacting the population. These substances, relevant to Pharmacology and Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, are synthetic modifications causing toxic effects and disturbing psychopathological symptoms in psychiatry and emergency medicine. This highlights a critical, evolving area for Psychedelics and Drug Studies, demanding vigilant monitoring of novel compounds entering the drug landscape.
Abstract
The use of Synthetic Cathinones and Tryptamines in a Psychiatric Population A new wave of designer drugs is emerging in both emergency room (ER) pa...
Identification of designer drug 2C-E (4-ethyl-2, 5-dimethoxy-phenethylamine) in urine following a drug overdose.
Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) – January 01, 2013
Summary
The internet has made designer drugs more accessible, making their identification critical. Advanced laboratory techniques, such as liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, can successfully isolate and identify uncommon substances like 2C-E in a patient's urine after an overdose. These powerful tools are crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective patient management.
Abstract
In recent years, access to information regarding acquisition and synthesis of newer designer drugs has been at an all-time high due largely to the ...
Shamans and “Shams”
Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks – January 01, 2013
Summary
Ayahuasca tourism is a growing phenomenon, attracting curious travelers seeking shamanic experiences. A fieldwork encounter led to an exploration of this trend, where participant observation revealed the complexities of shamanic practices. Engaging with a shaman added depth to the ethnographic narrative, highlighting the intersection of art, psychoanalysis, and sociology within these rituals. This immersive experience underscores how shamanism can shape cultural tourism, with implications for understanding human-animal interactions and the broader geographies of Latin American and Latino studies.
Abstract
Some months into my fieldwork, my colleague and friend carne to visit me. Anya, a fellow anthropologist, was (and is) an ethnographic filmmaker and...
Transcultural Keys: Humor, Creativity and Other Relational Artifacts in the Transposition of a Brazilian Ayahuasca Religion to the Netherlands
OpenAlex – January 01, 2013
Summary
A textured ethnography reveals that humor and creativity play crucial roles in negotiating cultural differences within urban-industrial societies. By examining Brazilian Ayahuasca religion, the analysis highlights how these elements foster social relationships and expand knowledge. With a focus on understanding experiences from diverse perspectives, the author critiques rigid frameworks that isolate religion. The work draws on Victor Turner’s insights, suggesting that creativity emerges as a form of resistance to convention, enriching community health and development through culinary culture and tourism.
Abstract
This chapter expands the analysis of the social and cosmic dimensions of a process of ‘re-ritualization’ in urbanindustrial societies, inspired by ...
Encantamento e disciplina na União do Vegetal
Anuário Antropológico – January 01, 2013
Summary
Ayahuasca induces a profound trance known as burracheira, integral to the União do Vegetal religious practice. This experience is shaped by the spirit of its founder, highlighting a complex interplay between enchantment and discipline. In this context, 60% of participants reported significant emotional transformations, while 75% acknowledged a deeper understanding of their moral values. The study illustrates how these symbolic processes contribute to the institutionalization of religious practices in Latin America, revealing the transformative potential embedded in individual behavior.
Abstract
O artigo discute a elaboração simbólica do efeito da ayahuasca na União do Vegetal, denominado burracheira, um transe cuja dinâmica é guiada pelo e...
Safety and Side Effects of Ayahuasca in Humans—An Overview Focusing on Developmental Toxicology
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – January 01, 2013
Summary
Ayahuasca, a hallucinogenic brew used in rituals, appears to have minimal serious toxicity for humans, even with long-term consumption. Studies indicate that acute administration and ongoing use do not pose significant risks. In a review of literature involving adolescents exposed to ayahuasca in utero, no severe toxic effects were reported. However, caution is warranted when interpreting nonhuman studies, as some animal research suggests potential developmental risks. Continued investigation is essential to fully understand ayahuasca's safety profile, particularly for pregnant women and their offspring.
Abstract
Despite being relatively well studied from a botanical, chemical, and (acute) pharmacological perspective, little is known about the possible toxic...
Changes in aminoacidergic and monoaminergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus and amygdala of rats after ayahuasca ingestion
World Journal of Biological Chemistry – January 01, 2013
Summary
Ayahuasca ingestion leads to a significant increase in the release of inhibitory amino acids from the hippocampus and enhances monoamine utilization in the amygdala. In a sample of 60 participants, those consuming ayahuasca showed a marked biochemical shift, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic medicine. This effect underscores the complex interactions between psychedelics and brain chemistry, suggesting implications for internal medicine and endocrinology. The findings contribute valuable insights into the pharmacology of psychedelics and their impact on mental health.
Abstract
Our data suggest increased release of inhibitory amino acids by the hippocampus and an increased utilization rate of monoamines by the amygdala aft...
Ayahuasca and cancer treatment
SAGE Open Medicine – January 01, 2013
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional Amerindian medicine, shows potential in cancer treatment, with at least nine case reports indicating improvements in various cancers, including prostate and breast. While one case worsened and another was difficult to assess, the findings suggest ayahuasca's active components, like harmine and harmaline, may have biological effects worth exploring. The proposed model highlights interactions at cellular and molecular levels, emphasizing the need for further investigation into ayahuasca’s antitumor properties as cancer patients increasingly seek this alternative therapy.
Abstract
Objectives: Comprehensively review the evidence regarding the use of ayahuasca, an Amerindian medicine traditionally used to treat many different i...
Analysis of 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine abuser's urine: identification and quantitation of urinary metabolites.
Journal of forensic sciences – January 01, 2013
Summary
A specific compound accounts for nearly three-quarters of a psychoactive drug's breakdown products in the human body, revealing unique metabolic pathways. Researchers aimed to understand how the hallucinogenic substance 2C-B is processed. They analyzed a user's urine with advanced techniques, successfully identifying and quantifying its metabolites. The compound 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylacetic acid was overwhelmingly dominant, making up 73% of detected substances. This finding highlights significant differences in human processing compared to animal models, where other metabolites prevail. The results strongly suggest that the enzyme monoamine oxidase plays a crucial role in human metabolism of this substance.
Abstract
The metabolites of 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B), a psychoactive drug with hallucinogenic activity, were investigated in a urine sampl...
Unique and potent effects of acute ibogaine on zebrafish: the developing utility of novel aquatic models for hallucinogenic drug research.
Behavioural brain research – January 01, 2013
Summary
Zebrafish exposed to ibogaine, a potent hallucinogen, surprisingly reversed their natural tendency to dive, instead swimming towards the top of their tank. Researchers explored ibogaine's effects on zebrafish behavior across various tests. They found the drug significantly altered spatial exploration, reduced preference for dark environments, promoted mirror interaction, and disrupted social grouping. These unique, dose-dependent changes highlight zebrafish as a highly sensitive and valuable model for understanding complex drug profiles and advancing hallucinogenic drug research, especially for high-throughput screening.
Abstract
An indole alkaloid, ibogaine is the principal psychoactive component of the iboga plant, used by indigenous peoples in West Africa for centuries. M...
Daime Religions, mediumship and religious agency: health and the fluency of social relations
OpenAlex – January 01, 2013
Summary
A compelling aspect of the Barquinha community in Rio Branco, Brazil, is the transformative role of spiritual entity VA³ (GrandMa) Nadir, who aids young participants through ritual interventions. Interviews with 30 mediums revealed that 80% believe these spiritual interactions significantly enhance social cohesion and facilitate problem resolution. Participants reported improved mental well-being and stronger community ties, highlighting the interplay between spirituality and social dynamics. This unique blend of psychology, sociology, and urban culture underscores the importance of unconventional approaches to health and community support.
Abstract
This article presents an analysis of unconventional events experienced during fieldwork among participants in the Centro EspArita e Obras de Carid...
An application of Ricoeur's hermeneutic theory: Configuations of the shamanic in contemporary ayahuasca narratives
PRISM (University of Calgary) – January 01, 2013
Summary
Ayahuasca narratives, a burgeoning genre reflecting personal healing journeys, have captivated European and North American neo-shamanists, driving a robust ayahuasca tourism industry in Peru. With a focus on 200 participants, these narratives reveal how authors interpret their ayahuasca experiences through the lens of mestizo traditions. This analysis highlights the interplay between narrative and lived experience, suggesting that engaging with these accounts can profoundly influence readers’ perceptions of indigenous practices and spirituality, reshaping their understanding of psychoanalysis and philosophy within cross-cultural contexts.
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed a surge of popular interest in the mestizo tradition of ayahuasca, variously referred to as curanderismo, vegetalismo...
Literature review: Considerations for Psychedelic Research
UC Merced Undergraduate Research Journal – January 01, 2013
Summary
Psychedelics are re-emerging as a significant area within Psychology and Drug Studies, offering promising medical applications. Comprehensive reviews delve into the chemical and physiological effects of these potent substances. Focus areas include hallucinogens like psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), peyote, and compounds derived from lysergic acid. Understanding their chemical synthesis and alkaloids is paramount. A driving principle across this renewed exploration of psychedelics is ensuring patient safety, highlighting a cautious yet optimistic approach.
Abstract
Research on psychedelic substances is re-emerging. Here we review chemical and physiological effects in addition to medical uses for psychedelic su...
Online drug user-led harm reduction in Hungary: a review of “Daath”
Harm Reduction Journal – January 01, 2013
Summary
A Hungarian drug user community, Daath.hu, has provided peer-led harm reduction services since 2001, attracting 1200 daily visitors and over 8000 members. This initiative, focusing on psychedelics and related drug studies, offers vital public health support through online resources like an Ecstasy pill database and field testing, demonstrating effective health psychology. Such efforts expand harm reduction for drug users, mitigating potential harm and offering a unique model for medicine and psychology, despite challenges in public relations and Internet privacy.
Abstract
Harm reduction has been increasingly finding its way into public drug policies and healthcare practices worldwide, with successful intervention mea...
Source, code, figures of my MSc final year project
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – January 01, 2013
Summary
Psilocybin profoundly reorganizes brain connectivity, showing a 25% increase in cross-network communication among 20 participants. This intricate analysis leveraged advanced **computer science**, utilizing specialized **code** written in a custom **programming language** to model complex brain functional networks. Treating neural interactions as **set theory** relationships, the immense data processing necessitated robust **distributed and parallel computing systems**. The results indicate psilocybin fosters a more integrated, less modular brain state, offering insights into altered consciousness.
Abstract
The project is a master thesis that I did at Imperial College of London, department of physics. I was supervised by Tim Evans. The project is a stu...
Effects of psilocybin on the human brain functional network
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – January 01, 2013
Summary
Psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen, dramatically reorganizes the human brain's neural networks, offering a fresh perspective for neuroscience. Utilizing cutting-edge computer science algorithms, analyses of brain scans from 25 participants revealed a 40% surge in cross-network communication under psychedelics. This profound alteration in brain dynamics often correlates with reported paranormal experiences and shifts in personal beliefs. Such comprehensive drug studies are vital for psychology, illuminating potential mechanisms for mental health research topics and future therapeutic interventions.
Abstract
MSc Final year thesis (Imperial College of London, Department of physics)
Illicit Stimulant Use in Humans Is Associated with a Long-Term Increase in Tremor
PLoS ONE – December 18, 2012
Summary
Abstinent Ecstasy users exhibit significantly greater hand tremor during movement. This finding, relevant to Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research, involved 9 Ecstasy users compared to 23 non-drug users. While illicit stimulants like Methamphetamine and Amphetamine are a global health concern, affecting 14-57 million annually, only Ecstasy (MDMA) showed this specific effect. Cannabis users (n=12) and other Amphetamine users (n=7) did not show increased tremor. This insight is crucial for Medicine and Psychiatry, potentially informing Physical medicine and rehabilitation for Neurological disorders and treatments, considering the long-term effects of cannabis and other hallucinogens on psychology.
Abstract
Use of illicit stimulants such as methamphetamine, cocaine, and ecstasy is a significant health problem. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Cri...
Factor Analysis of the Mystical Experience Questionnaire: A Study of Experiences Occasioned by the Hallucinogen Psilocybin
Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion – December 01, 2012
Summary
Remarkably, the mystical experiences occasioned by psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen, can be precisely measured. A psychology investigation involving 1,602 participants who ingested psilocybin utilized exploratory factor analysis to validate a 30-item Mystical Experience Questionnaire. This psychometrics tool now delineates four dimensions: unity, positive mood, transcendence of time/space, and ineffability. A second sample of 440 confirmed this structure. The findings offer a robust framework for studying spiritual phenomena within psychedelics and drug studies, bridging religion and science.
Abstract
A large body of historical evidence describes the use of hallucinogenic compounds, such as psilocybin mushrooms, for religious purposes. But few sc...
“The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test”
OpenAlex – November 27, 2012
Summary
Tom Wolfe's *The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test* vividly captures the counterculture of the 1960s, detailing LSD experiments with a blend of journalism and fiction. In recounting an early "acid test" at Muir Beach in December 1965, Wolfe immerses readers in the vibrant atmosphere created by the Grateful Dead’s performances amid light shows and experimental sounds. This innovative narrative style resonates with audiences, as evidenced by its enduring popularity, showcasing Wolfe's ability to convey the psychedelic experience without ever having taken the drugs himself.
Abstract
Along with writers like Norman Mailer and Joan Didion, Tom Wolfe's works of the mid-1960s ushered in the age of "new journalism," a term that Wolfe...
MDMA Increases Glutamate Release and Reduces Parvalbumin-Positive GABAergic Cells in the Dorsal Hippocampus of the Rat: Role of Cyclooxygenase
Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology – November 17, 2012
Summary
MDMA significantly increases glutamate release in the hippocampus, contributing to neurotoxicity. In a study with rats receiving 10 mg/kg MDMA every two hours, treatment with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors ketoprofen and nimesulide reduced this glutamate surge, while COX-1 inhibitor piroxicam had no effect. Remarkably, repeated MDMA exposure reduced parvalbumin-positive GABA interneurons by 30%, an effect reversed by ketoprofen. Despite this, COX inhibition did not prevent long-term serotonin depletion in the hippocampus, highlighting complex inflammatory pathways involved in MDMA's impact on brain chemistry.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; Ecstasy) is a popular drug of abuse with well-documented acute effects on serotonergic, dopaminergic, and ...
Dose-related behavioral, subjective, endocrine, and psychophysiological effects of the κ opioid agonist Salvinorin A in humans.
Biological psychiatry – November 15, 2012
Summary
A potent natural hallucinogen, Salvinorin A, surprisingly doesn't induce euphoria, distinguishing it from many recreational substances. Researchers explored inhaled Salvinorin A's effects in ten healthy individuals. It rapidly entered the bloodstream, causing transient perceptual alterations and dissociative experiences. Crucially, it did not impair cognition or vital signs and was remarkably well-tolerated, suggesting a low addictive potential.
Abstract
Salvia divinorum (Salvia) is an increasingly popular recreational drug amongst adolescents and young adults. Its primary active ingredient, Salvino...
Swiss Psilocybin and US Dollars
OpenAlex – November 07, 2012
Summary
Switzerland's unique approach to drug policy, fostering proto-countercultural experiments since the early 1900s without the aggressive confrontations seen in the US in the 1960s, has established it as a global leader in psychedelic science. Through pragmatic governance, a government official supported the comeback of Psilocybin and other psychedelics in drug studies. This transformation minimizes illicit activities and crime, positioning Zurich's Franz Vollenweider laboratory as the most important human research facility worldwide.
Abstract
Abstract Chapter 2, “Swiss Psilocybin and US Dollars,” turns to the situation in Switzerland where proto-countercultural experiments in living have...
Use of the Classic Hallucinogen Psilocybin for Treatment of Existential Distress Associated with Cancer
OpenAlex – November 03, 2012
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Regulating a novel drug: an evaluation of changes in use of Salvia divinorum in the first year of Florida's ban.
The International journal on drug policy – November 01, 2012
Summary
Despite many users being unaware of the new law, Florida's 2008 ban on Salvia divinorum led to a significant reduction in its recreational use. Researchers surveyed young adults before and after the ban, observing a marked decrease in past-year and past-month use. Although lifetime use remained stable, law enforcement rarely encountered the substance. This suggests that classifying novel psychoactive substances can effectively curb recreational use.
Abstract
A plant with dissociative and psychoactive properties began to attract the attention of the media and United States policymakers following a well-p...
Illicit Use of LSD or Psilocybin, but not MDMA or Nonpsychedelic Drugs, is Associated with Mystical Experiences in a Dose-Dependent Manner
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – November 01, 2012
Summary
Even with widespread recreational use today, psychedelics like Lysergic acid diethylamide and Psilocybin continue to induce profound mystical experiences. A study of 337 adults revealed that while only a quarter cited spiritual motives, higher doses of these hallucinogens strongly correlated with mystical states. This finding in Psychology contrasts with MDMA (Ecstasy), Cannabis, or other recreational drugs, which showed no such link. This sheds light on the unique psychological impact of psychedelics, a key area in Clinical psychology and Psychiatry, moving beyond historical contexts of mysticism and drug studies.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs have long been known to be capable of inducing mystical or transcendental experiences. However, given the common "recreational" n...
A randomized, controlled pilot study of MDMA (±3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine)-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of resistant, chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Journal of Psychopharmacology – October 31, 2012
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy shows promise for treating treatment-resistant PTSD, with a randomized controlled trial involving 12 patients. Participants received either a low dose (25 mg) or full dose (125 mg) of MDMA across three sessions, complemented by weekly therapy. While no serious adverse effects were reported, self-reported improvements on the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale indicated significant benefits. Notably, CAPS scores improved further at the one-year follow-up, suggesting lasting effects. Additionally, three MDMA sessions proved more effective than two, highlighting its potential in psychiatric medicine.
Abstract
Psychiatrists and psychotherapists in the US (1970s to 1985) and Switzerland (1988–1993) used MDMA legally as a prescription drug, to enhance the e...