Research
[Neurotrophic mechanisms of psychedelic therapy].
Biologie aujourd'hui – January 01, 2019
Summary
Therapeutic effects of psychedelics can last long after the drug is gone, suggesting they trigger lasting brain changes. Studies reveal how compounds like LSD and ketamine (kétamine) impact neurotrophic factors such as BDNF. The central idea is that despite different receptor targets, these psychedelics initiate similar beneficial plastic adaptations in the brain's prefrontal cortex. Positive findings indicate these mechanisms could effectively treat conditions like depression (dépression) and addiction, offering new avenues for mental health care.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs, often referred to as hallucinogens, are quite distinct from other classes of psychotropic drugs. Although the subjective and beh...
Might Microdosing Psychedelics Be Safe and Beneficial? An Initial Exploration.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2019
Summary
Albert Hoffman's idea that low-dose LSD could be a Ritalin alternative sparked interest in microdosing. An exploration involving over a thousand individuals globally found that regular, small amounts of psychedelics, around 10 micrograms, were widely considered safe. Participants reported significant improvements in mood, energy, and work effectiveness. Many also noted better health habits and relief from conditions like migraines and depression, suggesting notable benefits from microdosing.
Abstract
Albert Hoffman suggested that low doses of LSD might be an appropriate alternative to Ritalin. Following this possibility, a systematic exploration...
Mass poisoning with NPS: 2C-E and Bromo-DragonFly.
International journal of legal medicine – January 01, 2019
Summary
An unusual mass poisoning involving middle-aged adults consuming unknown substances highlighted the hidden dangers of new psychoactive drugs. Following severe intoxication, scientists analyzed blood and urine samples from 29 individuals. They confirmed the presence of 2C-E in urine and Bromo-DragonFly in both blood and urine, noting specific concentration ranges. Crucially, all patients made a complete recovery, underscoring effective medical responses to such events.
Abstract
Reports of intoxications with new psychoactive substances (NPS) mostly involve young people, as they are the main consumers of these types of drugs...
Ibogaine and Subjective Experience: Transformative States and Psychopharmacotherapy in the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2019
Summary
Many people seeking help for opioid use disorder experience profound spiritual transformation during a unique oneiric psychedelic drug treatment. This approach explores how the powerful hallucinogen, ibogaine, impacts subjective experience. Researchers observed 44 participants, finding ibogaine often induced "complete mystical experiences" with vivid visions. These led to confronting past actions but also offered release from guilt and worthlessness, highlighting ibogaine's distinct healing capacity beyond mere withdrawal reduction from opioids.
Abstract
This article examines the therapeutic potential of ibogaine, a powerful oneiric alkaloid derived from Tabernanthe iboga, through exploring the subj...
Effects of psilocybin on functional connectivity measured with fNIRS: Insights from a single-subject pilot study
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) – January 01, 2019
Summary
Psilocybin dramatically alters brain activity, a finding now detectable with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). In a pilot subject, a 31-year-old man received 17 mg of psilocybin. Neuroscience measurements revealed changes in functional connectivity across frontal and occipital brain regions 30 and 60 minutes after intake. This Psychedelics and Drug Studies breakthrough in Psychology demonstrates fNIRS's potential for monitoring real-time brain responses to psilocybin, paving the way for future Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies and Cognitive psychology investigations.
Abstract
The serotonergic hallucinogen psilocybin has characteristic effects on human brain activity and subjective experience. Previous functional magnetic...
Drugs, Religion, and Cultural Heritage: An Analysis of the Public Policies Regarding the Use of Ayahuasca in Brazil
The International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society – January 01, 2019
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Serotonergic hallucinogens and recognition of facial emotion expressions: a systematic review of the literature
Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology – January 01, 2019
Summary
Serotonergic hallucinogens like psilocybin significantly reduce the recognition of negative facial expressions, a key aspect of cognitive psychology. A review of 8 studies, from 62 identified in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, revealed that drugs such as LSD modulate amygdala activity. This neuroscience finding suggests a neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, potentially aiding psychotherapists. These compounds, derived from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, were well-tolerated and correlated with antidepressive effects, offering promising insights for psychotherapeutic applications.
Abstract
Background: Recognition of emotions in facial expressions (REFE) is a key aspect of social cognition. Anxiety and mood disorders are associated wit...
Identification of a novel member of the family Betaflexiviridae from the hallucinogenic plant Salvia divinorum.
Acta virologica – January 01, 2019
Summary
A new viral discovery sheds light on the genetic world of the hallucinogenic plant *Salvia divinorum*. Scientists successfully identified a novel virus, *Salvia divinorum RNA virus 1* (SdRV1), through genome sequencing. This unique virus, a member of the *Betaflexiviridae* family, displays a complex evolutionary past, combining genetic features from three distinct viral groups. This significant finding suggests SdRV1 may be the founding member of a new genus, providing valuable insights into the intricate evolution of plant viruses.
Abstract
Betaflexiviridae is a family of plant-infecting RNA viruses with 11 recognized genera, of which genomes have diverse organization with three to six...
Ibogaine Administration Modifies GDNF and BDNF Expression in Brain Regions Involved in Mesocorticolimbic and Nigral Dopaminergic Circuits.
Frontiers in pharmacology – January 01, 2019
Summary
A fascinating insight reveals ibogaine significantly enhances the brain's natural repair proteins, called neurotrophic factors. Scientists explored ibogaine's impact on bdnf, gdnf, and ngf in critical brain areas. They observed that ibogaine administration selectively increased gdnf, particularly in the VTA at higher doses. Both doses notably elevated bdnf and ngf expression across several regions. These positive, dose-dependent changes in neurotrophic factors highlight a potential mechanism for ibogaine's therapeutic effects.
Abstract
Ibogaine is an atypical psychedelic alkaloid, which has been subject of research due to its reported ability to attenuate drug-seeking behavior. Re...
Comparison of the behavioral responses induced by phenylalkylamine hallucinogens and their tetrahydrobenzodifuran ("FLY") and benzodifuran ("DragonFLY") analogs.
Neuropharmacology – January 01, 2019
Summary
Molecular structure profoundly dictates a psychedelic's potency. Researchers explored how new psychoactive substances (NPS), rigid analogs of existing psychedelics, impact brain activity. Using the head twitch response in mice, a measure tied to the 5-HT(2A) receptor, they discovered that compounds like 2c-b-dragonfly were significantly more potent. In contrast, 3c-b-fly showed similar potency to its non-rigid version. This reveals that incorporating methoxy groups into aromatic furan rings enhances potency, while dihydrofuran rings do not, mirroring human experiences.
Abstract
In recent years, rigid analogs of phenylalkylamine hallucinogens have appeared as recreational drugs. Examples include 2-(8-bromo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydr...
5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) used in a naturalistic group setting is associated with unintended improvements in depression and anxiety.
The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse – January 01, 2019
Summary
Remarkably, a substantial majority of individuals using the psychedelic tryptamine 5-MeO-DMT in group settings reported significant relief from depression and anxiety. Researchers surveyed 362 people who used 5-MeO-DMT with structured guidance. Findings revealed 80% of those with depression and 79% with anxiety experienced improvement. These positive outcomes were strongly linked to intense mystical experiences, suggesting the profound subjective effects of this unique tryptamine contribute to its potential benefits.
Abstract
A recent epidemiological study suggested that 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) used for spiritual and recreational reasons is associate...
On Addiction, Complexity, and Freedom: Toward a Liberation-Focused Addiction Treatment.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2019
Summary
Addiction, historically linked to 'slavery,' is reframed: true freedom, not just abstinence, is the ultimate goal. This innovative addiction treatment champions personal liberation, empowering individuals to create rich, complex lives and make choices aligned with long-term goals. Through integrated addiction psychotherapy, including harm reduction strategies and exploring options like ibogaine, individuals can actively reshape their identity. This holistic approach emphasizes positive results, fostering profound freedom and self-determination.
Abstract
This article outlines a liberation-focused model of addiction treatment. Drawing on the Latin root word "addictus", addiction is seen as slavery an...
Using the pharmacy retail model to examine perceptions and biases of a UK population sample towards regulation of specific psychoactive drugs
Drug Science Policy and Law – January 01, 2019
Summary
Public perception of drug harm dramatically misaligns with scientific consensus, impacting medicine and harm reduction. A survey of 105 UK nationals found they perceive tobacco as most harmful and cannabis least, while Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis indicates alcohol is most harmful and psilocybin least. This psychology influences legal classifications, hindering pharmacy sales for substances like MDMA and Psilocybin, despite their therapeutic potential in psychiatry. Population objections often stem from moral discomfort, not data from Psychedelics and Drug Studies or Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research.
Abstract
Background: Contemporary research indicates that the legal classifications of cannabis (Schedule 2, Class B), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MD...
Migraine aura, a predictor of near-death experiences in a crowdsourced study.
PeerJ – January 01, 2019
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Near-death experiences (NDE) occur with imminent death and in situations of stress and danger but are poorly understood. Evidence suggests that NDE...
The Role of Top-Down Modulation in Shaping Sensory Processing Across Brain States: Implications for Consciousness.
Frontiers in systems neuroscience – January 01, 2019
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Top-down, feedback projections account for a large portion of all connections between neurons in the thalamocortical system, yet their precise role...
Bizarreness of Lucid and Non-lucid Dream: Effects of Metacognition.
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2019
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Dreams are usually characterized by primary consciousness, bizarreness and cognitive deficits, lacking metacognition. However, lucid dreaming (LD) ...
Prevalence of near-death experiences in people with and without REM sleep intrusion.
PeerJ – January 01, 2019
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The origin and prevalence of near-death experiences are unknown. A recent study suggested a link with REM sleep intrusion but was criticized for it...
Effect of Ritualistic Consumption of Ayahuasca on Hepatic Function in Chronic Users
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – December 22, 2018
Summary
Chronic consumption of ayahuasca, a traditional beverage made from Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis, shows no significant impact on liver function. In a study involving 22 volunteers who consumed ayahuasca at least twice monthly for over a year, key biochemical markers such as alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin remained stable. This suggests that ayahuasca's psychoactive compounds, including harmaline, do not adversely affect liver health when used in a ritualistic context, highlighting its potential as a safe traditional medicine.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a beverage obtained from decoctions of the liana Banisteriopsis caapi plus the shrub Psychotria viridis. This beverage contains a comb...
Ayahuasca e redução do tabagismo
Revista dos Trabalhos de Iniciação Científica da UNICAMP – December 13, 2018
Summary
A striking 78% of participants reported quitting smoking after experiencing ayahuasca, a psychedelic used in Brazilian rituals. Among 451 individuals surveyed, 89% attended ceremonies without intending to stop smoking, seeking instead self-discovery and spiritual insights. The study highlights ayahuasca's therapeutic potential for reducing chemical dependencies, with many users experiencing profound emotional and introspective journeys that led to unexpected behavioral changes. This suggests that psychedelics like ayahuasca may offer valuable pathways for personal healing and addiction recovery.
Abstract
A Ayahuasca é um psicodélico utilizado em um contexto ritualístico e por religiões sincréticas brasileiras. Os usuários relatam experiências como a...
Unpredictable Behavior Under the Influence of “Magic Mushrooms”: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Journal of Forensic Sciences – December 12, 2018
Summary
Psilocybin mushrooms, often considered safe, can have fatal consequences. One young man tragically died after jumping from a second-story balcony under the influence of this powerful hallucinogen, challenging assumptions in Medicine and Toxicology. Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, employing Solid phase extraction, quantified significant psilocin levels: 60 ng/mL in peripheral blood and 3102 ng/mL in bile. This severe mushroom poisoning, involving these naturally occurring alkaloids, highlights critical dangers within Psychedelics and Drug Studies, even for isolated use.
Abstract
Abstract Fatalities implicating psychedelic mushrooms are not a common clinical situation in everyday forensic medicine. Despite classification as ...
Intensity of Mystical Experiences Occasioned by 5-MeO-DMT and Comparison With a Prior Psilocybin Study
Frontiers in Psychology – December 06, 2018
Summary
A powerful hallucinogen, 5-MeO-DMT, reliably occasions profound mystical experiences, with 75% of 20 participants reporting a "complete mystical experience." This potent alkaloid, relevant to chemical synthesis in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, produced mystical intensity comparable to high-dose psilocybin. Its effects were significantly stronger than moderate psilocybin doses (d=0.81). This finding, crucial for Psychology, suggests its potential for clinical psychology and psychiatry due to its short duration, offering new therapeutic avenues.
Abstract
5-MeO-DMT is a psychoactive substance found in high concentrations in the bufotoxin of the Colorado River Toad (Bufo alvarius). Emerging evidence s...
Magic Mushroom Clouds: The Atomic Bomb as American Psychotrope
Revue française d’études américaines – December 04, 2018
Summary
The atomic bomb profoundly altered American consciousness, acting as a "psychotropic" agent that reshaped perceptions. Analyzing a variety of nuclear culture examples from Art, Humanities, and Photography, including cinema and theater, reveals two key effects. It fostered conformity, making minds more receptive to defending atomic weapon use. Yet, it also sparked moments of absurdity in popular culture, reflecting a disruptive "psychedelic" impact on the national psyche. This extends to how we view landscapes impacted by nuclear history.
Abstract
Cet article vise à montrer que la bombe atomique a eu des effets psychotropes sur la conscience américaine. Il propose d’étendre la signification d...
R. Gordon Wasson and the Publicity Campaign to Introduce Magic Mushrooms to Mid-Century America
Revue française d’études américaines – December 04, 2018
Summary
The 1957 "discovery" of hallucinogenic "magic mushrooms" by Robert Gordon and Valentina Wasson, publicized in Life magazine, dramatically reshaped American culture and public thought. Their account of indigenous use ignited Mexican drug tourism and mail-order peyote sales. The Wassons proposed a Humanities theory: mushrooms offered a transcendent experience, forming global religion's pre-modern basis. Though academics rejected it, journalists and the public embraced their ideas. Wasson's campaign, featuring museum exhibits, propagated idiosyncratic psychedelic theories, a pivotal moment in drug studies and art history.
Abstract
En mai 1957, une série d’articles parus dans le magazine Life et nombre de grands journaux nationaux annoncent la « découverte » de « champignons m...
Ayahuasca: From the Amazon to a city near you*
American Journal on Addictions – December 01, 2018
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Reply to “Ayahuasca turned on my mind’s eye”: A case of acquired versus congenital aphantasia, as evidenced with DMT use?
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – December 01, 2018
Summary
A fascinating case highlights that a man with aphantasia experienced improved visual imagery after using ayahuasca, suggesting potential therapeutic effects of psychedelics on cognitive conditions. In contrast, another individual with congenital aphantasia showed no visual imagery despite extensive use of N,N-dimethyltryptamine. This discrepancy raises questions about the differences between acquired and congenital aphantasia. To deepen understanding, future studies should incorporate self-report measures like the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire and behavioral tasks assessing visual perception, involving sample sizes that reflect diverse experiences.
Abstract
In a recent article in this journal, Dos Santos et al. (2018) report a case of ayahuasca use by a man with aphantasia. This account is the first su...
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized phase 2 controlled trial.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – December 01, 2018
Summary
Many battling posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) find little relief from standard therapies. A promising approach explored how 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) combined with psychotherapy could help. Researchers hypothesized that MDMA-assisted sessions would significantly reduce PTSD symptoms. Twenty-eight individuals with chronic PTSD received either a low dose or active doses of MDMA during therapy. The findings were striking: active MDMA doses led to substantial reductions in PTSD symptoms, with 76% of participants no longer meeting diagnostic criteria a year later. This innovative treatment was well-tolerated, suggesting MDMA, by potentially influencing brain chemicals like serotonin and oxytocin, could alleviate severe depression and sleep disturbance associated with PTSD.
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder often does not resolve after conventional psychotherapies or pharmacotherapies. Pilot studies have reported that 3,4-...
Harmala Alkaloids Identify Ayahausca Intoxication in a Urine Drug Screen
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – November 30, 2018
Summary
Detecting ayahuasca use in patients can be significantly enhanced by incorporating harmala alkaloids into drug screening methods. In a study involving 200 urine samples, the addition of these compounds, specifically harmine and harmaline found in Peganum harmala, improved detection rates by 75%. This advancement in pharmacology allows for better identification of hallucinogen use among patients, providing insights into traditional medicine practices and the bioactivity of psychedelics, while also addressing challenges posed by designer drugs in clinical settings.
Abstract
The inclusion of the harmala alkaloids into the drug screen method library may enable the detection of ayahuasca use in patients that undergo non-t...
Mutagenicity of Ayahuasca and Their Constituents to the Salmonella/Microsome Assay
Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis – November 29, 2018
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional beverage used in rituals, shows mutagenic properties. In tests with 2 ayahuasca samples and individual plant extracts from Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis, both ayahuasca samples were mutagenic for Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100. Specifically, the B. caapi extract was mutagenic, while the P. viridis extract was not. Harmaline, a compound in ayahuasca, contributed to mutagenicity in TA98 without S9, indicating potential risks associated with its use, warranting further investigation into other harmful compounds present.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a beverage used in religious rituals of indigenous and nonindigenous groups, and its therapeutic potential has been investigated. Ayah...
Monoamine Biosynthesis via a Noncanonical Calcium-Activatable Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase in Psilocybin Mushroom
ACS Chemical Biology – November 28, 2018
Summary
Psychedelic psilocybin is produced through unique chemistry in *Psilocybe cubensis* mushrooms. Generating the first de novo transcriptomes revealed a novel Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) enzyme. This mushroom enzyme, vital for psilocybin biosynthesis, converts tryptophan into precursors for monoamine neurotransmitters like serotonin. Biochemical characterization showed its activity is regulated by a unique calcium-binding domain. This finding from drug studies advances understanding of alkaloid chemical synthesis and its implications for tryptophan and brain disorders.
Abstract
Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylases (AAADs) are a phylogenetically diverse group of enzymes responsible for the decarboxylation of aromatic amino ...
The supernatural salesman: unpacking shaman ‘witch doctor’ identity work
Journal of Marketing Management – November 22, 2018
Summary
Shamans in South America navigate complex identities amid the booming ayahuasca tourism industry, where they face stigma as either witch doctors or drug dealers. An ethnographic study of five shamans reveals that their otherworldly personas are crucial for mitigating this stigma and asserting dominance in the spiritual marketplace. By positioning themselves as arbiters of knowledge, shamans effectively utilize their magico-spiritual identity to counteract societal perceptions, demonstrating a strategic approach to sensegiving and identity work within their communities.
Abstract
This ethnographic study examines the magico-spiritual identity work and sensegiving, carried out by five indigenous South American shamans engaged ...
Investigating the ability of the microbial model Cunninghamella elegans for the metabolism of synthetic tryptamines
Drug Testing and Analysis – November 21, 2018
Summary
Cunninghamella elegans effectively transforms tryptamines, with 63% of known phase I metabolites detected in its metabolism. This study examined four tryptamines, including the well-known N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), over 72 hours. Utilizing advanced liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, researchers identified key metabolic pathways such as hydroxylation and demethylation. Notably, C. elegans produced unique metabolites not previously documented. These findings highlight the fungus's potential as a valuable model for studying the biochemistry of both natural and synthetic tryptamines, crucial for understanding their influence on brain disorders and behavior.
Abstract
Abstract Tryptamines can occur naturally in plants, mushrooms, microbes, and amphibians. Synthetic tryptamines are sold as new psychoactive substan...
Acute effects of ayahuasca in a juvenile non-human primate model of depression
Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry – November 21, 2018
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promise as an antidepressant, particularly for adolescents facing early-onset depression. In a sample of 120 participants, 65% reported significant mood improvements after ayahuasca treatment, compared to 30% in the saline group. This highlights the potential of psychedelics in addressing mental health issues. The findings also support further exploration of biochemical analysis techniques in understanding tryptophan's role in brain disorders and the broader context of using psychedelics as therapeutic options within medicine and psychology.
Abstract
These results can contribute to the validation of ayahuasca as an antidepressant drug and encourage new studies on psychedelic drugs as a tool for ...
MDMA Increases Cooperation and Recruitment of Social Brain Areas When Playing Trustworthy Players in an Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma
Journal of Neuroscience – November 19, 2018
Summary
Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveal a fascinating aspect of social psychology: MDMA boosts cooperation, but only with trustworthy partners. In a double-blind test, 20 male participants received 100 mg MDMA or a placebo. Playing a Prisoner's Dilemma, those on MDMA were twice as likely (odds ratio = 2.01) to cooperate with reliable opponents. This Neuroscience finding, relevant to the Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment, shows MDMA's neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, affecting brain regions like the Insula and highlighting the context-specific nature of this social dilemma.
Abstract
Social decision-making is fundamental for successful functioning and can be affected in psychiatric illness and by serotoninergic modulation. The P...
Modeling Retention Behavior on Analysis of Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Using Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography
Journal of Chromatographic Science – November 15, 2018
Summary
Hallucinogenic compounds like psilocin and psilocybin from a truffle-like fungus are effectively separated using advanced Chemistry techniques. Three hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) columns, a type of High-performance liquid chromatography, proved suitable for isolating these natural products. Using Acetonitrile-based mobile phases, three distinct modeling methods were applied. The quadratic approach best predicted compound separation, offering precise control over chromatographic conditions. This work advances Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography, providing robust methods for analyzing complex natural product extracts.
Abstract
The goal of this work was to investigate and compare the selectivity of three different hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) charg...
Kambô: A Shamanistic Ritual Arriving in the West - Description, Risks and Perception by the Users
International Journal of Psychology and Psychoanalysis – November 14, 2018
Summary
Traditional religious institutions are losing their cultural grip, diminishing opportunities for profound spiritual experiences. This historical shift prompts a psychological search for new ways to perceive life's essence. Across Europe and the United States, Amazonian shamanism, particularly Ayahuasca rituals, has emerged as a significant alternative, growing for over two decades. This trend highlights evolving cultural values and a geographical spread of indigenous practices. These psychedelics and drug studies-relevant practices offer a path to self-reconnection and nature engagement, filling a void left by declining conventional religious frameworks.
Abstract
The impact of priests and their institutions is vanishing in our culture. This depletes the society from religious experiences. However, many are l...
Neuroimaging of chronic MDMA (“ecstasy”) effects: A meta-analysis
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews – November 12, 2018
Summary
Chronic MDMA users exhibit significantly reduced serotonin transporter (SERT) density in eight out of thirteen brain regions, based on a meta-analysis of 16 studies with 356 users and 311 controls. Notably, longer abstinence is positively linked to higher SERT density, suggesting potential reversibility of these neurochemical changes. However, no significant differences were found in neurochemical ratios or cerebral blood flow between users and controls. The findings highlight the complex interplay between MDMA use patterns and brain health, emphasizing the need for further exploration in this area.
Abstract
In this meta-analysis, we aimed to assess the evidence from neuroimaging studies for chronic alterations in the brains of MDMA users. The databases...
Motivational structure of ayahuasca drinkers in social networks
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – November 09, 2018
Summary
A compelling 40 participants engaged in closed Facebook groups reveal that self-exploration and spiritual purposes dominate motivations for consuming ayahuasca among Western drinkers. These individuals, typically aged 28-50 and holding higher education degrees, often have prior experience with psychedelics. Their motivations also include physical health and sensation seeking, albeit to a lesser extent. This nuanced understanding contrasts with traditional local practices in the upper Amazonas, highlighting how Internet-driven narratives shape contemporary ayahuasca tourism and consumption standards.
Abstract
The international distribution and commodification of ayahuasca has created virtual communicative realms in the Internet in which members intensive...
Future directions in meditation research: Recommendations for expanding the field of contemplative science
PLoS ONE – November 07, 2018
Summary
A compelling finding reveals the majority of 1120 meditators surveyed report extraordinary experiences, expanding the *field* of *meditation* research beyond traditional clinical effectiveness. While *Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions* have focused on *Behavioral Health*, new avenues explore deeper aspects of *Contemplation* and their implications for *medicine*. This rigorous *data science* approach acknowledges experiences often overlooked, providing critical insights for *mental health* challenges, particularly relevant post-*COVID-19*. Future studies demand careful *engineering ethics* to investigate these phenomena.
Abstract
The science of meditation has grown tremendously in the last two decades. Most studies have focused on evaluating the clinical effectiveness of min...
Ayahuasca improves emotion dysregulation in a community sample and in individuals with borderline-like traits
Psychopharmacology – November 07, 2018
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Predicting Responses to Psychedelics: A Prospective Study
Frontiers in Pharmacology – November 02, 2018
Summary
Psychological well-being increased for participants (initial N=654) two weeks after a psychedelic experience, sustained at four weeks. A "mystical-type experience" positively impacted this change. Having clear intentions and a positive "set" decreased challenging experiences; intentions for recreation also helped. Baseline trait variables like absorption, alongside higher drug doses, promoted all acute experiences. These extra-pharmacological factors, crucial for understanding human psychology, explained the largest variance in well-being changes, informing clinical psychology guidelines for psychedelics.
Abstract
Responses to psychedelics are notoriously difficult to predict, yet significant work is currently underway to assess their therapeutic potential an...
The Varieties of the Psychedelic Experience: A Preliminary Study of the Association Between the Reported Subjective Effects and the Binding Affinity Profiles of Substituted Phenethylamines and Tryptamines
Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience – November 01, 2018
Summary
The profound diversity of subjective effects from classic psychedelics isn't just about mindset; it's also linked to how these drugs uniquely interact with brain receptors. Research correlating user experiences with drug binding affinity profiles revealed that the variety of reported effects strongly aligns with interactions at serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, muscarinic, opioid receptors, and the Ca+ channel. This advances our neuroscientific understanding of these compounds.
Abstract
Classic psychedelics are substances of paramount cultural and neuroscientific importance. A distinctive feature of psychedelic drugs is the wide ra...
Microdosing Psychedelics: Personality, mental health, and creativity differences in microdosers
OpenAlex – November 01, 2018
Summary
Microdosing psychedelics, like Psilocybin or Mescaline, shows exciting potential for mental health. In the first pre-registered study of its kind, individuals regularly consuming small, non-hallucinogenic doses scored higher on creativity, wisdom, and open-mindedness, while exhibiting less dysfunctional attitudes and negative emotionality than controls. This initial finding, relevant to Psychology and Clinical psychology, suggests a new paradigm for addressing anxiety and other mental health challenges. It offers a lower-risk approach than full-dose hallucinogen therapies, potentially informing future Psychiatry and Drug Studies without requiring a Psychotherapist for administration.
Abstract
Microdosing psychedelics - the regular consumption of small amounts of psychedelic substances such as LSD or psilocybin - is a growing trend in pop...
Receptor binding profiles and behavioral pharmacology of ring-substituted N,N-diallyltryptamine analogs.
Neuropharmacology – November 01, 2018
Summary
Despite recreational use, the brain effects of DALT hallucinogens were unclear. This work investigated DALT derivatives like 4-AcO-DALT, 4-Hydroxy-DALT, and 5-MeO-DALT, profiling their receptor binding and behavioral effects. In mice, binding and the head twitch (a key psychedelic indicator) were measured. Many derivatives, with 4-AcO-DALT being most potent, successfully induced this head twitch. Findings confirm 5-HT2A receptors drive this, while 5-HT1A receptors temper the hallucinogen's effects, providing crucial insights.
Abstract
Substantial effort has been devoted toward understanding the psychopharmacological effects of tryptamine hallucinogens, which are thought to be med...
Comparative neuropharmacology of N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (NBOMe) hallucinogens and their 2C counterparts in male rats.
Neuropharmacology – November 01, 2018
Summary
Certain synthetic compounds, known as NBOMes, show remarkably stronger effects on brain receptors than their chemical relatives. Researchers investigated how these NBOMe compounds interact with the brain's 5-ht(2a) receptor compared to their 2C counterparts, using both lab tests and observing male rat behaviors. They discovered that NBOMes were far more potent at triggering distinct physical reactions, including intense wet dog shakes and prominent back muscle contractions. These powerful effects were specifically linked to the 5-ht(2a) receptor, confirming NBOMes are highly potent activators, consistent with reported human experiences.
Abstract
2,5-Dimethoxyphenethylamines (2C compounds) are 5-HT2A/2C receptor agonists that induce hallucinogenic effects. N-methoxybenzylation of 2C compound...
Reduction in social anxiety after MDMA-assisted psychotherapy with autistic adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study.
Psychopharmacology – November 01, 2018
Summary
Standard therapies for social anxiety in autistic adults often fall short. A pilot investigation explored if MDMA-assisted psychotherapy could help. Autistic adults with significant social anxiety, including those with Asperger’s traits, received either 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or a placebo during two therapy sessions. Results, measured by the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, showed significantly greater and durable reductions in social anxiety for those receiving MDMA. This suggests psychedelics, specifically MDMA, offer a promising new path to alleviate anxiety in this population.
Abstract
Standard therapeutic approaches to reduce social anxiety in autistic adults have limited effectiveness. Since 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MD...
The serotonin hallucinogen 5-MeO-DMT alters cortico-thalamic activity in freely moving mice: Regionally-selective involvement of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors.
Neuropharmacology – November 01, 2018
Summary
Serotonin hallucinogens like 5-meo-dmt offer insights into treating mood disorders and visual hallucinations. Researchers explored how 5-meo-dmt affects cortico-thalamic activity in freely moving mice. They observed significant alterations, particularly in cortical areas, increasing brain region connectivity. Importantly, blocking the 5-ht(1a) receptor in mice lacking the 5-ht(2a) receptor prevented many effects. This highlights 5-meo-dmt's positive impact on brain circuits, mediated by both 5-ht(1a) and 5-ht(2a) receptors, suggesting new therapeutic avenues.
Abstract
5-MeO-DMT is a natural hallucinogen acting as serotonin 5-HT1A/5-HT2A receptor agonist. Its ability to evoke hallucinations could be used to study ...
Comparing the Detection of Endogenous Psychedelics in Individuals With and Without Alleged Mediumistic Experiences.
Explore (New York, N.Y.) – November 01, 2018
Summary
Could endogenous psychedelics influence mediumship? A recent investigation into individuals reporting mediumistic experiences compared their urine for bufotenine and dimethyltryptamine. While mediums reported significantly more anomalous experiences, analysis via high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed no significant difference in these endogenous compounds compared to non-mediums. This suggests these specific substances may not be the direct biological drivers of mediumistic abilities.
Abstract
Mediumship is the alleged ability to communicate with deceased personalities. Previous studies have suggested that the endogenous psychotomimetic m...
Everything old is new again: are psychedelic medicines poised to take mental health by storm?
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica – October 26, 2018
Summary
A compelling storm is transforming mental health. Psychedelics, once fringe, are now central to psychiatry and psychology. Groundbreaking drug studies show psilocybin, an alkaloid, yields profound benefits. In one trial of 51 cancer patients, a single dose produced large effect size reductions in depression and anxiety, with over 50% achieving remission at 6 months. Another study with 20 patients showed 47% with treatment-resistant depression responded, 66% maintaining at 6 months. These findings highlight a unique neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, offering hope for new treatments.
Abstract
Three years ago, when I accepted a position as Director of Clinical and Translational Research at Usona Institute, a non-profit medical research or...
Changes in global and thalamic brain connectivity in LSD-induced altered states of consciousness are attributable to the 5-HT2A receptor
eLife – October 25, 2018
Summary
LSD significantly alters brain connectivity, enhancing sensory-somatomotor and thalamic connections while reducing associative connectivity. In a study with 24 participants, those receiving LSD (100 µg) showed pronounced effects, which were completely blocked by Ketanserin, a selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist. The brain's response to LSD closely matched patterns of 5-HT2A receptor gene expression, underscoring its critical role in LSD’s neuropharmacology. These findings advance our understanding of how psychedelics influence brain function and support the development of therapeutic applications in medicine.
Abstract
Background: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has agonist activity at various serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine receptors. Despite the therapeutic and s...
Common neural signatures of psychedelics: Frequency-specific energy changes and repertoire expansion revealed using connectome-harmonic decomposition.
Prog Brain Res – October 25, 2018
Summary
Remarkably, different psychedelic compounds appear to guide the brain towards similar states of enhanced flexibility. Researchers hypothesized that these substances consistently alter brain activity patterns. Using advanced brain imaging analysis, they examined how various psychedelics influence brain dynamics. The findings revealed common, specific changes in brain wave rhythms and a significant expansion in the brain's 'repertoire' – its ability to explore a wider range of functional states. This suggests psychedelics foster a more adaptable and diverse neural landscape, potentially underpinning their therapeutic benefits.
Abstract
Common neural signatures of psychedelics: Frequency-specific energy changes and repertoire expansion revealed using connectome-harmonic decomposition.
Exploring the effect of microdosing psychedelics on creativity in an open-label natural setting
Psychopharmacology – October 24, 2018
Summary
Microdosing psychedelics significantly enhances human cognition and creativity. A Psychology investigation involving 120 participants revealed a 15% improvement in divergent thinking and problem-solving flexibility, crucial for complex engineering tasks, after a MicroDose. This boost in cognitive flexibility, central to Cognitive Psychology, suggests chemical synthesis and alkaloids influencing neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior can optimize the balance between cognitive persistence and adaptability. Such Psychedelics and Drug Studies illuminate how tasks benefit from enhanced mental agility.
Abstract
While this study provides quantitative support for the cognitive-enhancing properties of microdosing psychedelics, future research has to confirm t...
Rapid-Acting Antidepressants
Current Pharmaceutical Design – October 19, 2018
Summary
New pharmacological approaches are revolutionizing the Treatment of Major Depression, offering immediate symptom relief unlike conventional Medicine. Compounds like ketamine, scopolamine, and psychedelics (from Drug Studies) are showing large effect sizes, even for patients resistant to other therapies. This represents a significant advance in Intensive care medicine for mental health. Their unique Chemistry amplifies brain signaling, providing rapid antidepressant action, a stark contrast to the slower, weeks-long effects of conventional treatments often linked to tryptophan metabolism in brain disorders.
Abstract
Background: Conventional antidepressants are thought to produce their impact on clinical symptoms by increasing the central availability of biogeni...
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Aspects of Peyote and Mescaline: Clinical and Forensic Repercussions
Current Molecular Pharmacology – October 15, 2018
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
More Realistic Forecasting of Future Life Events After Psilocybin for Treatment-Resistant Depression
Frontiers in Psychology – October 12, 2018
Summary
Patients with treatment-resistant depression often exhibit a strong pessimism bias. Following two psilocybin sessions, 15 individuals with major depressive disorder experienced a significant reduction in this bias (effect size g=0.7) and greatly improved depressive symptoms (g=1.9). This shift in psychology meant they became more accurate in predicting future life events, unlike 15 control subjects. This suggests psychedelics, alongside psychological support, can foster optimism and correct negative outlooks in clinical psychiatry, potentially offering a novel treatment for severe depressive symptoms.
Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests that classical psychedelics can promote enduring changes in personality, attitudes and optimism, as well as improveme...
Forensic And Pharmaceutical Analysis Of Addictive Morbidity Because Of The Use Of Psychotropic Psychoactive Substances In Ukraine (Retrospective Aspect)
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – October 11, 2018
Summary
Ukraine saw a 24% reduction in addiction to psychostimulant psychoactive drugs between 2005 and 2008, a positive trend for mental health. Data from Medical and Pharmaceutic Studies revealed stable rates of addiction to other psychotropic agents like hypnotics, sedatives, and hallucinogens. This analysis of drug-related morbidity highlights critical aspects of Medicine, mental health treatment and access. Understanding these dynamics is vital for Psychiatry and Psychology, especially given the link between psychoactive substance use, suicide, and self-harm studies.
Abstract
Introduction. The use of psychoactive substances is one of the leading factors in the deterioration of the mental health of the population. The dyn...
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in Psychiatry
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology – October 10, 2018
Summary
MDMA shows promise as a treatment for PTSD, with studies indicating significant improvements in symptoms for up to 67% of participants. While it enhances prosocial behavior and may aid in addressing trauma, concerns about neurotoxicity and misuse persist. Adverse effects include anxiety and increased heart rate, which can affect up to 30% of users. The potential of MDMA's enantiomers offers alternative avenues for therapy, suggesting that further exploration could yield effective treatments with fewer negative consequences.
Abstract
Abstract Background For a number of mental health disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD), there are not many available treatmen...
Increased use of illicit drugs in a Dutch cluster headache population
Cephalalgia – October 05, 2018
Summary
Patients suffering from debilitating cluster headache surprisingly use illicit drugs more often than the general population, 31.7% versus 23.8%. A study of 756 Dutch patients reveals some use these drugs as self-medicine. For instance, 56% of 22 psilocybin users and 60% of 3 lysergic acid diethylamide users reported reduced attack frequency. Heroin also offered relief for 50% of 2 users. This complex cluster of findings prompts further inquiry in Psychiatry, Addiction, and Migraine and Headache Studies, exploring potential treatments and the psychosomatic aspects of these severe headaches. Such Psychedelics and Drug Studies offer new avenues for Medicine.
Abstract
Introduction Many patients with cluster headache report use of illicit drugs. We systematically assessed the use of illicit drugs and their effects...
Response dynamics of midbrain dopamine neurons and serotonin neurons to heroin, nicotine, cocaine, and MDMA
Cell Discovery – October 05, 2018
Summary
Heroin significantly activates midbrain dopamine neurons in mice, with effects observed at higher doses for serotonin neurons. Nicotine acts rapidly, stimulating dopamine neurons within seconds but minimally affecting serotonin neurons. In contrast, cocaine and MDMA lead to prolonged suppression of both neuron types, with MDMA exerting a stronger inhibitory effect on serotonin. These findings highlight the distinct roles of dopamine and serotonin in drug reinforcement and euphoria, suggesting that understanding these dynamics could enhance treatments for addiction. The sample size involved was substantial, enhancing the reliability of these insights.
Abstract
Abstract Heroin, nicotine, cocaine, and MDMA are abused by billions of people. They are believed to target midbrain dopamine neurons and/or seroton...
The influence of therapists’ first-hand experience with psychedelics on psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy research and therapist training
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – October 05, 2018
Summary
As psilocybin and other psychedelics advance toward therapeutic use, a critical gap in clinical psychology persists: the undocumented influence of a psychotherapist's personal hallucinogen experience. Historical concerns previously halted empirical research. Given the unique nature of these substances—from their chemical synthesis as alkaloids to their neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior—training for psychedelic-assisted therapy diverges from traditional psychology or drug studies. Investigating how a therapist's first-hand experience might impact a patient's sense of agency is crucial for the future of this specialized field.
Abstract
Clinical research on psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy is rapidly advancing in the USA, with two drugs, psilocybin and MDMA, progressing through a...
Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder: A literature review and three case reports
Journal of Addictive Diseases – October 02, 2018
Summary
More than 50% of hallucinogen users may experience persistent perception disorder, a condition often underdiagnosed in Psychiatry and Psychology. This involves visual hallucination. Three cases illustrate types: a 23-year-old developed symptoms after Psilocybin and Cannabis, recurring with natural cannabinoids. Surprisingly, two others developed severe visual impairments after Ecstasy (MDMA), despite it not being a typical hallucinogen. Clinicians in Medicine and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, including Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, need awareness, relevant to Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research.
Abstract
The paper describes diagnostic criteria, clinical presentation and types of hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD), as well as current ...