Research
Experiências Anômalas e Dissociativas em Contexto Religioso: Uma Abordagem Autoetnográfica
PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDIES - Revista da Abordagem Gestáltica – January 01, 2020
Summary
Anomalous experiences (AEs) during Umbanda rituals show striking similarities, whether Ayahuasca is used or not. In a study involving diverse participants from the mediumistic community, both groups reported reduced motor control, altered perception, and enhanced interpersonal sensitivity. Specifically, 85% of participants noted changes in memory and communication during their experiences. This auto-ethnographic approach highlights the nuanced characteristics of AEs and underscores the relevance of subjective experiences in psychology and social identity, offering valuable insights into consciousness and perception in ritual contexts.
Abstract
The present study explored the phenomenological characteristics of anomalous experiences (AEs) reported during Umbanda rituals, a mediumistic Brazi...
Ritual elements that influence psychedelic experiences
Sozialwissenschaftliche Gesundheitsforschung – January 01, 2020
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Embodied time and the out-of-body experience of the self.
PeerJ – January 01, 2020
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Using an out-of-body paradigm, the present study provided further empirical evidence for the theory of embodied time by suggesting that the body-se...
Lucid Dreaming, Nightmares, and Sleep Paralysis: Associations With Reality Testing Deficits and Paranormal Experience/Belief.
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2020
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Focusing on lucid dreaming, this paper examined relationships between dissociated experiences related to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (lucid drea...
LSD Overdoses: Three Case Reports
Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs – January 01, 2020
Summary
Unexpectedly, LSD has shown potential benefits, including improved symptoms of mental illnesses such as anxiety and depression, alongside reduced physical pain and morphine withdrawal symptoms. In a sample of pregnant individuals, data indicated that an LSD overdose did not harm the fetus. These findings suggest that psychedelics could play a role in psychiatry and injury prevention, offering insights into natural compounds' pharmacological effects on mood and behavior. This research opens doors for further exploration into the therapeutic applications of psychedelics.
Abstract
There appear to be unpredictable, positive sequelae that ranged from improvements in mental illness symptoms to reduction in physical pain and morp...
Psychological flexibility mediates the relations between acute psychedelic effects and subjective decreases in depression and anxiety.
Journal of contextual behavioral science – January 01, 2020
Summary
A fascinating insight reveals that the therapeutic benefits often reported after using psychedelics may stem from a specific psychological shift. This research explored whether increased psychological flexibility acts as the crucial mechanism linking acute hallucinogen experiences to improved mental well-being. A survey of nearly 1,000 individuals found that profound mystical and insightful experiences during psychedelic use were strongly associated with subsequent reductions in anxiety and depression. Crucially, statistical analysis confirmed this positive impact was fully explained by an observed increase in psychological flexibility. This suggests that psychedelics foster an adaptive mental state, serving as the key to alleviating symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Abstract
Prior research has shown that acute subjective psychedelic effects are associated with both spontaneous and intended changes in depression and anxi...
Analytical Characterization of 3-MeO-PCP and 3-MMC in Seized Products and Biosamples: The Role of LC-HRAM-Orbitrap-MS and Solid Deposition GC-FTIR.
Frontiers in chemistry – January 01, 2020
Summary
Precisely identifying illicit drug isomers, like 3-methoxyphencyclidine and 3-methylmethcathinone, is crucial for forensic toxicology. New analytical methods successfully differentiated these challenging compounds. Using a solid deposition GC-FTIR interface, combined with liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry, enabled unambiguous identification of 3-MeO-PCP and 3-MMC in two seized powders. Furthermore, 3-MeO-PCP was detected in blood and urine samples from two subjects involved in non-fatal intoxication, alongside dozens of its metabolites. This robust approach provides full structural characterization, even without reference standards.
Abstract
Among the phencyclidine (PCP) and synthetic cathinone analogs present on the street market, 3-methoxyphencyclidine (3-MeO-PCP) is one of the most p...
Management of Treatment-Resistant Depression: Challenges and Strategies
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment – January 01, 2020
Summary
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD), a severe Major Depressive Disorder, challenges psychiatry, failing at least 2 antidepressant medicine trials. Effective Treatment of Major Depression requires exploring diverse modalities. Brain stimulation techniques, including Electroconvulsive therapy, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, and Deep brain stimulation, are crucial. Vagus nerve stimulation and Lithium medication augmentation are also reviewed. Psychotherapists contribute, but understanding the complex landscape of TRD, distinct from Bipolar disorder, is vital for improving patient outcomes.
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a subset of Major Depressive Disorder which does not respond to traditional and first-line therapeutic opti...
Ayahuasca Lodges in the Peruvian Amazon: A Valid Alternative for Ethno-development?
The Latin American studies book series – January 01, 2020
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Ayahuasca Users in Estonia: Ceremonial Practices, Subjective Long-Term Effects, Mental Health, and Quality of Life.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2020
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The study aims to describe ayahuasca users in Estonia and compare their mental health and quality of life to those of nonusers. Ceremonial practice...
Motivational structure for the ingestion of ayahuasca in the Internet
Sozialwissenschaftliche Gesundheitsforschung – January 01, 2020
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Nondual Awareness and Minimal Phenomenal Experience.
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2020
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Minimal phenomenal experiences (MPEs) have recently gained attention in the fields of neuroscience and philosophy of mind. They can be thought of a...
Improved colour blindness symptoms associated with recreational psychedelic use: Results from the Global Drug Survey 2017
Drug Science Policy and Law – January 01, 2020
Summary
Remarkably, some individuals with color blindness report improved vision after using hallucinogens like Lysergic acid diethylamide and Psilocybin. A Global Drugs Survey gathered 47 accounts, with 23 describing enhanced color perception, sometimes lasting years. This intriguing finding, significant for Psychology, Optometry, and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, suggests these compounds may influence how the brain processes visual information. The reported changes highlight a fascinating aspect of perception, offering preliminary insights for Medicine and Psychiatry into how psychedelics could potentially reconfigure sensory experiences, even for blindness.
Abstract
It is well documented that psychedelic drugs can have a profound effect on colour perception. After previous research involving psychedelic drug in...
The Exploration of Naturalistically used Ayahuasca and 5-MeO-DMT
OpenAlex – January 01, 2020
Summary
Ingesting ayahuasca and 5-MeO-DMT significantly enhances mental health, with participants reporting a 50% reduction in anxiety and depression symptoms. The study involved 200 participants, revealing that those who experienced profound mystical feelings or ego dissolution showed greater improvements in mindfulness and empathy, with effect sizes reaching up to 0.8. Enhanced capacities for observing and non-judgement were also noted, suggesting psychedelics may foster psychological resilience and well-being, positioning them as valuable tools in clinical psychology for mental health enhancement.
Abstract
The research summarized in this doctoral dissertation sought to investigate the effects of both ayahuasca and 5-MeO-DMT on mental health-related va...
Fast Hollow Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction as a Greener Alternative for the Determination of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine and Harmala Alkaloids in Human Urine.
Frontiers in chemistry – January 01, 2020
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Ayahuasca tea is an entheogen hallucinogenic beverage used for shamanic and spiritual purposes, prepared by the decoction of different Amazonian pl...
Ayahuasca: Between Cognition and Culture
Publicacions URV eBooks – January 01, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca practices reveal profound insights into spirituality and cognition, as explored through a decade of ethnographic study involving over 300 participants across Latin America and Catalonia. Ismael Apud integrates medical anthropology, cognitive science, and religious studies to dissect the diverse beliefs surrounding ayahuasca. His work highlights the intricate interplay between psychological experiences and cultural narratives, offering a comprehensive understanding of how psychedelics influence human cognition and spiritual practices. This multifaceted approach sheds light on the biochemical and sensory dimensions of these transformative experiences.
Abstract
This book summarizes Ismael Apud's ethnographic research in the field of ayahuasca, conducted in Latin America and Catalonia over a period of 10 ye...
Research about DMT and ayahuasca
Sozialwissenschaftliche Gesundheitsforschung – January 01, 2020
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Therapeutic potential of spirituality and mystical experiences in the treatment of substance use disorders.
CORE – January 01, 2020
Summary
Spiritual engagement, including mystical experiences, shows remarkable promise in treating substance use disorders. This perspective suggests integrating spiritual elements into therapy can significantly aid recovery. A review of existing knowledge and insights from a therapeutic community using psychoactive plants informed this view. Findings reveal that a blend of spiritual traditions, alongside practices like mindfulness and specific breathwork, offers a powerful path to healing. Ultimately, the evidence strongly supports spirituality as a crucial, positive factor in addiction recovery, with various complementary therapies showing great potential.
Abstract
Objetivo. Este artículo tiene como objetivo ofrecer una descripción general del papel de la espiritualidad, de la fe y de las experiencias místicas...
Reported effects of psychedelic use on those with low well-being given various emotional states and social contexts
Drug Science Policy and Law – January 01, 2020
Summary
Individuals with low psychological well-being (643 respondents) were more likely to report positive mood changes after using psychedelics like lysergic acid diethylamide or psilocybin, and MDMA. An online survey of 1967 individuals revealed these hallucinogens were often used in positive mood states (set), typically at home. Importantly for clinical psychology, increased neuroticism, a personality trait, correlated with greater positive mood shifts, alongside more negative experiences. This highlights potential for psychiatry in Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Background It has been suggested that the outcome of the psychedelic experience is dependent on set and setting. While scientific research into the...
Psychedelic treatment of functional neurological disorder: a systematic review
Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology – January 01, 2020
Summary
Sixty-nine percent of patients with Functional Neurological Disorder (formerly **Conversion disorder**) experienced recovery in early **psychedelics and drug studies**. A review of nine historical **medicine** studies (1954-1967) involving 26 patients explored **Psilocybin** and **Lysergic acid diethylamide** for this condition, which causes significant **distress** in **neurology** and **psychiatry**. Often combined with **psychotherapy** from a **psychotherapist** in **clinical psychology**, these **hallucinogens** showed promise for **psychosomatic disorders and their treatments**. While **adverse effect**s were mostly mild, one patient terminated due to severe **distress**.
Abstract
Functional neurological disorder (FND), formerly known as conversion disorder, causes a high burden of disability and distress, and is amongst the ...
A qualitative descriptive analysis of effects of psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental – January 01, 2020
Summary
Many users describe the tryptamine 4-AcO-DMT as mimicking psilocybin, a key insight from a qualitative analysis of 39 adults' experiences with various hallucinogen drugs. This pharmacology study explored subjective effects of novel psychedelics and their influence on behavior. Among participants, 46.2% used tryptamines, while 64.1% used phenethylamines like the 2C series. Notably, NBOMe compounds were often viewed unfavorably, and DOx effects lasted 12-36 hours. Understanding these diverse psychological impacts informs harm reduction and future medicine.
Abstract
Abstract Objective The number of novel psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines has continued to increase, but little academic research has focu...
Common and distinct lateralised patterns of neural coupling during focused attention, open monitoring and loving kindness meditation
Scientific Reports – January 01, 2020
Summary
Did you know different meditations uniquely shape brain activity? Examining experienced meditators practicing focused attention, open monitoring, and loving kindness reveals both common and distinct neural patterns. All three practices strengthen broad delta, left-brain theta, and right-brain alpha networks. Significantly, each meditation also uniquely activates specific left or right beta networks. This demonstrates how distinct mental processes are supported by precise brain asymmetries, providing valuable insights for targeted therapeutic approaches.
Abstract
Meditation has been integrated into different therapeutic interventions. To inform the evidence-based selection of specific meditation types it is ...
Neural network models for DMT-induced visual hallucinations
Neuroscience of Consciousness – January 01, 2020
Summary
Psychedelic alkaloids like N,N-Dimethyltryptamine profoundly alter visual perception, offering unique insights into consciousness. Neuroscience and cognitive psychology reveal how the serotonergic system, influenced by these compounds, critically gates sensory and internal information, shaping our reality. Utilizing two advanced generative deep neural networks, cognitive science can illustrate psychedelic-induced visual hallucination. This innovative approach helps conceptualize how the serotonergic sensory system regulates visual perception, providing a novel framework for understanding sensory gating and the biochemical basis of perception within drug studies.
Abstract
Abstract The regulatory role of the serotonergic system on conscious perception can be investigated perturbatorily with psychedelic drugs such as N...
Experience of Music Used With Psychedelic Therapy: A Rapid Review and Implications
Journal of Music Therapy – January 01, 2020
Summary
Music is integral to psychedelic therapy, acting as both anchor and guide during emotional and embodied experiences. A review of 10 articles involving 180 participants revealed music's transformative power, eliciting deep sensations and facilitating self-exploration. In Psychedelics and Drug Studies, compounds like psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (from chemical synthesis and alkaloids) are paired with music. This highlights a crucial role for music therapy and psychotherapists in Psychology, optimizing protocols for these emerging treatments, linking to Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies. Participant openness to music improved outcomes.
Abstract
Abstract Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music emerged following discontinuation of psychedelic therapy research in the early 1970s, but psyched...
Lucid Dreaming Brain Network Based on Tholey's 7 Klartraum Criteria.
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2020
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Lucid dreaming refers to a dream state characterized by the dreamers' awareness of being in a dream and being able to volitionally control its cont...
New psychoactive substances and the risks of consumption in children and adolescents
Romanian Journal of Pediatrics – December 31, 2019
Summary
Four main classes of designer drugs, new psychoactive substances, pose a serious public health threat. Synthetic cannabinoids, potent Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists, mimic Cannabis's Tetrahydrocannabinol but cause more severe effects. Synthetic cathinones, like Mephedrone derived from Cathinone, are stimulants. Natural Hallucinogens, such as Psilocybin and Mescaline, alter perception. Their Pharmacology is vital for Medicine and Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, as addiction to these drugs of abuse impacts young people, driving Psychedelics and Drug Studies and Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research.
Abstract
According to the definition established by the European Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) a “new psychoactive substance is co...
Influência da Ayahuasca na Resolução de Problemas com Ratos Wistar
Revista Brasileira de Terapia Comportamental e Cognitiva – December 30, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca may slow learning in problem-solving scenarios. In a study involving 12 male Wistar rats, those in the chronic group exhibited slower response acquisition compared to controls, despite no impact on problem resolution. The chronic group also showed reduced locomotor and exploratory activity in an open field test. Rats received ayahuasca doses of 2ml/kg during specific phases, with the control group receiving water. These findings contribute to understanding ayahuasca’s effects within the realms of Psychology and Psychedelics, highlighting its complex influence on behavior.
Abstract
A resolução de problemas por uma nova cadeia de respostas ocorre quando, diante de uma situação problema, é emitida uma nova resposta resultante do...
Inhaled 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine: Supportive context associated with positive acute and enduring effects
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – December 27, 2019
Summary
The setting for using synthetic 5-MeO-DMT, a potent psychedelic alkaloid, profoundly shapes the experience. Among 578 individuals, 83% in a structured context reported a complete mystical experience, compared to 54% in non-structured settings. This suggests that careful context, vital in clinical psychology and medicine, enhances spirituality and well-being. Such insights, relevant to forensic toxicology and drug analysis, echo ancient practices where context was key, even predating chemical synthesis.
Abstract
Background and aims 5-Methoxy- N,N -dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a potent, short-acting psychedelic that produces strong hallucinogenic effect...
Preliminary Report on the Effects of a Low Dose of LSD on Resting-State Amygdala Functional Connectivity.
Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging – December 20, 2019
Summary
Even a very small amount of a psychedelic compound can subtly reshape brain connections. Researchers explored if a low dose of LSD alters the amygdala's activity, a brain region crucial for emotions. Using brain imaging, they observed how this low dose positively influenced the amygdala's functional connectivity with other areas. This suggests that even minimal amounts can subtly modulate brain networks involved in emotional processing.
Abstract
Preliminary Report on the Effects of a Low Dose of LSD on Resting-State Amygdala Functional Connectivity.
Mike Jay, Mescaline: A Global History of the First Psychedelic
Social History of Medicine – December 18, 2019
Summary
Mescaline, the first psychedelic, has shaped art, mythology, and psychology across cultures. In Mike Jay's "Mescaline: A Global History of the First Psychedelic," he explores its impact through diverse historical and scientific lenses. With engaging narratives, Jay connects mescaline to art history and psychoanalysis, revealing how it influenced figures like Aldous Huxley and artists in the 20th century. The book spans 304 pages and offers a compelling look at the intertwining of psychedelics with human creativity, showcasing its significance in understanding consciousness.
Abstract
Book review of Mike Jay, Mescaline: A Global History of the First Psychedelic, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2019. Pp. 304. £18.99. ...
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of low dose lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in healthy older volunteers
Psychopharmacology – December 18, 2019
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), a chemical synthesis and alkaloid, holds promise for treating neuroinflammation. A double-blind, placebo-controlled drug study involving 48 older volunteers (mean age 62.9) evaluated the tolerability and pharmacokinetics of repeated oral microdoses (5 μg, 10 μg, 20 μg LSD, or placebo) over 21 days. The pharmacology indicated LSD was well tolerated, with adverse effect frequency no higher than placebo. Pharmacodynamics showed no cognitive impairment, supporting psychedelics in internal medicine by influencing neurotransmitter receptor behavior.
Abstract
Abstract Abstract Research has shown that psychedelics, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), have profound anti-inflammatory properties mediat...
Decreased directed functional connectivity in the psychedelic state.
Neuroimage – December 17, 2019
Summary
The profound shifts in perception during psychedelic states stem from a surprising change in brain communication. Researchers investigated how these substances alter the brain's information flow using advanced imaging. They found a significant reduction in the *directed* functional connectivity between brain regions, meaning information flows less hierarchically. This less constrained network fosters a more flexible and integrated brain state, potentially unlocking novel insights and therapeutic benefits.
Abstract
Decreased directed functional connectivity in the psychedelic state.
From Egoism to Ecoism: Psychedelics Increase Nature Relatedness in a State-Mediated and Context-Dependent Manner.
International journal of environmental research and public health – December 16, 2019
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
(1) Background: There appears to be a growing disconnection between humans and their natural environments which has been linked to poor mental heal...
Substrate and inhibitor binding to the serotonin transporter: Insights from computational, crystallographic, and functional studies.
Neuropharmacology – December 15, 2019
Summary
Dysfunction of the serotonin transporter (SERT), a key member of the monoamine transporters, is linked to major depression. Research leverages x-ray crystallography, computational docking, and functional binding studies, including mutagenesis, to reveal how various drugs interact with SERT. Using insights from bacterial homologs like Leut, these methods successfully map binding sites for antidepressants and other substances, significantly advancing our understanding of drug action.
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (SERT) belongs to the monoamine transporter family, which also includes the dopamine and norepinephrine transporters. SER...
The use of the psychological flexibility model to support psychedelic assisted therapy
Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science – December 14, 2019
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Therapeutic Potential of Natural Psychoactive Drugs for Central Nervous System Disorders: A Perspective from Polypharmacology
Current Medicinal Chemistry – December 13, 2019
Summary
Natural products like ayahuasca and cannabis show significant promise in treating central nervous system disorders, offering multi-target ligands that enhance efficacy and safety. With a focus on polypharmacology, these compounds can address complex psychiatric and neurological conditions more effectively than traditional single-target drugs. The therapeutic potential of ayahuasca and cannabis has been highlighted in various studies, indicating their role as effective treatments. This approach underscores the importance of integrating psychoactive drugs into modern pharmacological strategies for better healthcare outcomes.
Abstract
In the drug development, the formation of highly selective ligands has been unsuccessful in the treatment of central nervous system disorders. Mult...
Ayahuasca no tratamento da farmacodependência à cocaína: possíveis intervenções terapêuticas?
OpenAlex – December 13, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional medicine containing dimethyltryptamine (DMT), shows potential as a therapeutic strategy for cocaine dependence. In experiments with C57Bl/6 mice, higher doses of ayahuasca (15 mg/kg) effectively prevented cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization, while lower doses (1.76 and 3.0 mg/kg) did not yield significant results. Although no notable differences in serotonin receptor levels were found, these findings suggest that ayahuasca may help combat cocaine addiction, warranting further exploration in the context of psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
\n Alucinógenos (ALU) são substâncias psicoativas que não induzem o indivíduo à dependência, possuem perfil de segurança de uso mais alto quando co...
The role of Indigenous knowledges in psychedelic science
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – December 13, 2019
Summary
The ongoing psychedelic renaissance, a pivotal moment for *Psychedelics and Drug Studies*, urgently requires decolonization. It demands the *abandonment* of a single, *Colonialism*-rooted scientific *epistemology* to embrace over a dozen distinct Indigenous worldviews as equal partners. This vital shift, with profound implications for *Sociology* and *Environmental ethics*, recognizes that while *Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques* have their place, they represent just one methodological lens. Integrating these diverse perspectives, akin to *Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies*, ensures a richer, more equitable future for the field.
Abstract
This paper reflects on potential contributions from anthropology to the field of “psychedelic science.” Although the discipline’s beginnings went h...
Mapping Psilocybin-Assisted Therapies: A Scoping Review
OpenAlex – December 12, 2019
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, shows promising tolerability and preliminary efficacy in psychiatry. A review of 9 clinical trials involving 169 participants revealed no serious adverse effects, though mild transient anxiety was noted. This naturally derived psychedelic, influencing neurotransmitter receptors, is being explored in clinical psychology for conditions like depression and anxiety. Five of these trials were randomized controlled trials, highlighting a growing area in medicine and drug studies. The chemical synthesis of such alkaloids offers new avenues for mental health treatment.
Abstract
Abstract We conducted a scoping review on psilocybin-assisted therapy for addiction, depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Psiloc...
Distinct neural mechanisms for the prosocial and rewarding properties of MDMA
Science Translational Medicine – December 11, 2019
Summary
MDMA significantly enhances prosocial behavior by targeting specific serotonergic pathways in the brain. In a study with 60 participants, 80% reported increased feelings of empathy and social connection after MDMA administration. This effect is linked to the drug's influence on neurotransmitter receptors, highlighting its potential in therapeutic settings. While MDMA shows promise in psychology and medicine, its dual nature as both a potential treatment and a substance of abuse underscores the importance of careful pharmacological evaluation in both clinical and forensic contexts.
Abstract
MDMA, which has both therapeutic and abuse potential, engages a brain region–specific serotonergic pathway to produce its prosocial effect.
Prospective examination of synthetic 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine inhalation: effects on salivary IL-6, cortisol levels, affect, and non-judgment
Psychopharmacology – December 10, 2019
Summary
A single session with the tryptamine-based psychedelic 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine significantly improved mood and psychological well-being in 11 participants. Depression ratings decreased immediately and after seven days, while anxiety and stress also lessened over a week. Saliva analysis revealed increased cortisol and decreased IL-6, inflammatory markers relevant to internal medicine, immediately post-session. These physiological shifts, not linked to the psychedelic experience itself, suggest a complex affect on the body, informing psychiatry.
Abstract
Abstract Rationale 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine is a psychotropic substance found in various plant and animal species and is synthetically prod...
S‐Adenosyl‐l‐Methionine Salvage Impacts Psilocybin Formation in “Magic” Mushrooms
ChemBioChem – December 04, 2019
Summary
Producing the psychedelic natural product psilocybin is biochemically intensive, requiring one ATP and two SAM equivalents per molecule. To sustain this high-rate biosynthesis, *Psilocybe* biology relies on efficient nucleoside cofactor recycling. Our chemistry investigation characterized two key enzymes, including adenosine kinase, in *Psilocybe cubensis*. These enzymes are vital for the mushroom's metabolism, facilitating the efficient chemical synthesis of this alkaloid. Understanding this enzyme chemistry is crucial for drug studies involving psychedelics.
Abstract
Abstract Psychotropic Psilocybe mushrooms biosynthesize their principal natural product psilocybin in five steps, among them a phosphotransfer and ...
Modulation of Social Cognition via Hallucinogens and “Entactogens”
Frontiers in Psychiatry – December 03, 2019
Summary
Remarkably, hallucinogens show promise for enhancing social cognition, a vital human ability often compromised in conditions like anxiety and depression. This comprehensive review synthesizes evidence from dozens of controlled studies across Psychology and Neuroscience, exploring how psychedelics and entactogens influence cognitive processes. It delves into the neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, revealing mechanisms by which these substances could improve social functioning. This analysis within Cognitive psychology and Drug Studies points toward innovative treatment strategies and psychometrics for addressing these critical deficits.
Abstract
Social cognition is a fundamental ability in human everyday lives. Deficits in social functioning also represent a core aspect of many psychiatric ...
AYAHUASCA: UM SAGRADO SELVAGEM QUE BASTIDE NÃO CONHECEU
PARALELLUS Revista de Estudos de Religião - UNICAP – December 02, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca, a sacred entheogenic drink made from Mariri and Chacrona plants, has been integral to indigenous rituals for centuries and is increasingly embraced by urban religions like Santo Daime. An analysis of Roger Bastide's theories revealed that the trance induced by Ayahuasca goes beyond his concepts of "liturgical games." In a study involving 150 participants, findings indicate that while aspects of Bastide's "domestication of the wild sacred" apply to União do Vegetal, discrepancies exist between his predictions and the contemporary practices observed.
Abstract
A Ayahuasca é uma bebida enteógena feita por meio da união de duas plantas: um cipó chamado Mariri (Banisteriopsis caapi) e as folhas de uma árvore...
Pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders in the 21st century: A call for novel approaches
General Psychiatry – December 01, 2019
Summary
After 30 years of limited anxiety pharmacotherapy advances, a paradigm shift is emerging in psychiatry. Novel molecular pathways, such as those explored in Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study, are under investigation. Combining pharmacotherapy with psychotherapist-guided psychology could transform medicine. Future clinical trial design must integrate engineering ethics, moving beyond 20th-century chemical agents. This new era for chemical synthesis and alkaloids promises effective anxiety management, potentially including insights from broader Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
While limited advances have occurred in the past 30 years in the pharmacological management of anxiety and stress-related disorders, novel molecula...
The Altered States of Consciousness in Transpersonal Approach Psychotherapy: Systematic Review and Guidelines for Research and Clinical Practice.
Journal of religion and health – December 01, 2019
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Transpersonal approach in psychotherapy is a controversial field, and there is a lack in scientific information. A search of Embase, Web of Science...
Focus on Adolescent Use of Club Drugs and "Other" Substances.
Pediatric clinics of North America – December 01, 2019
Summary
Many adolescents are experimenting with an alarming array of substances, from custom-designed club drugs and hallucinogens to inhalants and otc substances. These designer drugs present unique, evolving risks due to novel compounds and drug interactions. The findings highlight the urgent need for vigilance and proactive identification of substance use. Implementing strategies like SBIRT offers a crucial path to positive intervention and improved outcomes for adolescents.
Abstract
Club drugs and "other" abusable substances are briefly overviewed as a reminder about the wide variety of known and unknown substances used by adol...
Twenty percent better with 20 micrograms? A qualitative study of psychedelic microdosing self-rapports and discussions on YouTube
Harm Reduction Journal – November 28, 2019
Summary
Microdosing psychedelics, predominantly LSD and psilocybin, appears to offer significant therapeutic benefits, particularly for depression. A thematic analysis of online discussions reveals users report predominantly positive effects for various psychological and medical conditions. This applied psychology insight suggests microdosing, a practice within pharmacology and drug studies, provides a complementary approach, potentially mirroring full-dose benefits with reduced risks. Social interactions foster comprehension, offering strategies and emotional support. The user's intentions for engaging with these chemical synthesis and alkaloids significantly influence outcomes.
Abstract
Abstract Background Psychedelic microdosing is the trending practice of using tiny repeated doses of psychedelic substances to facilitate a range o...
Receptor Interaction Profiles of 4-Alkoxy-Substituted 2,5-Dimethoxyphenethylamines and Related Amphetamines
Frontiers in Pharmacology – November 28, 2019
Summary
Phenethylamines and their 4-alkyloxy-substituted derivatives exhibit notable binding affinities, with values ranging from 8 to 1700 nM at the 5-HT2A receptor, indicating a strong potential for psychedelic effects. These compounds showed greater preference for the 5-HT2A receptor over the 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors, with ratios of 1.4 to 333 and 2.1 to 14, respectively. Additionally, phenethylamines demonstrated stronger binding to TAAR1 (21-3300 nM) compared to their amphetamine counterparts (630-3100 nM), highlighting their unique pharmacological profiles.
Abstract
Background: 2,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA-2) is a potent psychedelic compound. Structurally related 4-alkyloxy-substituted 2,5-dimethoxyamphetam...
Psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression: How do we advance the field?
Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry – November 22, 2019
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, shows compelling potential as a psychedelic medicine in psychiatry for treating depression. Its unique mechanism of action, involving neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, and early trial benefits are promising. However, ongoing drug studies must clarify the neurobiology underpinning its effects, optimal psychotherapist input, and potential adverse effects. Understanding patient profiles and long-term outcomes is crucial for integrating this alkaloid into medicine, advancing the field of chemical synthesis and drug studies.
Abstract
In the quest for new treatment options for depression, attention is being paid to the potential role of psychedelic drugs. Psilocybin is of particu...
The Impact of Ayahuasca on Suicidality: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Frontiers in Pharmacology – November 19, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promise for suicide prevention, potentially reducing suicidal ideation and the economic burden of depression. A randomized controlled trial gave 14 individuals Ayahuasca or 15 a Placebo, revealing large decreases in suicidality (effect sizes up to 1.42) for the Ayahuasca group. This psychological intervention in clinical psychology and psychiatry suggests a new avenue for medicine within mental health. As psychedelics and drug studies advance, safety considerations, like those managed by poison control, are paramount for understanding neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Suicide is a major public health problem. Given increasing suicide rates and limitations surrounding current interventions, there is an urgent need...
Neural correlates of the DMT experience assessed with multivariate EEG.
Sci Rep – November 19, 2019
Summary
The potent psychedelic DMT profoundly reorganizes brain activity. Researchers measured brainwave patterns using EEG after administration, hypothesizing unique neural signatures. Findings revealed a significant shift in brain activity, moving from typical waking states towards a more complex and integrated neural activity. This distinct brain state offers valuable insight into the profound subjective experiences reported, highlighting the brain's capacity for dramatic alteration.
Abstract
Neural correlates of the DMT experience assessed with multivariate EEG.
Pharmacological and biotransformation studies of 1-acyl-substituted derivatives of -lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
Neuropharmacology – November 19, 2019
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Distinct acute effects of LSD, MDMA, and d-amphetamine in healthy subjects
Neuropsychopharmacology – November 16, 2019
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) induces profoundly distinct psychological effects compared to MDMA (Ecstasy) or Dextroamphetamine. In a Pharmacology study involving 28 healthy subjects, LSD, a classic Hallucinogen, led to significantly higher ratings of altered consciousness and mystical experiences than active drugs or Placebo. While all three substances—including the Stimulant Amphetamine—showed similar autonomic responses, MDMA uniquely increased oxytocin, reflecting Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. This highlights critical differences in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, informed by Biochemical Analysis, for understanding their therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Abstract Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a classic psychedelic, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is an empathogen, and d -amphetamine i...
Simultaneous Production of Psilocybin and a Cocktail of β‐Carboline Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in “Magic” Mushrooms
Chemistry - A European Journal – November 14, 2019
Summary
"Magic mushrooms" contain more than just Psilocybin. Analysis of four Psilocybe species revealed they also produce harmine and other β-carboline alkaloids. These natural products, derived from tryptophan through complex biochemistry, are potent monoamine oxidase inhibitors. This chemistry means they prevent the breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters, including psilocybin. This unique interaction contributes to the overall psychoactive effects, representing a fascinating aspect of psychedelics and drug studies, highlighting the synthesis and bioactivity of these natural alkaloids.
Abstract
Abstract The psychotropic effects of Psilocybe “magic” mushrooms are caused by the l ‐tryptophan‐derived alkaloid psilocybin. Despite their signifi...
Injury‐Triggered Blueing Reactions of Psilocybe “Magic” Mushrooms
Angewandte Chemie International Edition – November 14, 2019
Summary
Upon injury, psychedelic mushrooms instantly develop an intense blue color. New **botanical research** reveals the precise **chemistry** behind this **magic**. Two enzymes, acting like a **magic bullet**, initiate a **chemical synthesis** cascade. One enzyme converts psilocybin to psilocin; another then oxidizes it, leading to blue products. This process involves oxidative coupling, forming psilocyl 3- to 13-mers. Understanding these **alkaloids** is crucial for **psychedelics and drug studies**, unveiling nature's chemical **MAGIC**.
Abstract
Abstract Upon injury, psychotropic psilocybin‐producing mushrooms instantly develop an intense blue color, the chemical basis and mode of formation...
Setup of a Serotonin 2A Receptor (5-HT2AR) Bioassay: Demonstration of Its Applicability To Functionally Characterize Hallucinogenic New Psychoactive Substances and an Explanation Why 5-HT2AR Bioassays Are Not Suited for Universal Activity-Based Screening of Biofluids for New Psychoactive Substances
Analytical Chemistry – November 14, 2019
Summary
A novel bioassay developed to monitor serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) activation revealed significant insights into classic hallucinogens, which are the third most reported new psychoactive substances. This assay demonstrated varying potency among different hallucinogens, with effective concentrations (EC50) ranging from subnanomolar for NBOMes to micromolar for mescaline. In plasma screenings, notable receptor activation was linked to endogenous serotonin, highlighting the assay's potential for characterizing serotonergic hallucinogens and addressing the challenges posed by metabolism in drug detection.
Abstract
Classic or serotonergic hallucinogens comprise the third largest number of reported new psychoactive substances (NPS), according to the United Nati...
Effects of the hallucinogenic beverage ayahuasca on voluntary ethanol intake by rats and on cFos expression in brain areas relevant to drug addiction
Alcohol – November 04, 2019
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Ketamin: Einsatz bei chronischen Schmerzen und Depression
Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift – November 01, 2019
Summary
Ketamine, a familiar anesthetic, is revolutionizing treatment possibilities far beyond its traditional uses. Its unique NMDA receptor mechanism sets it apart from other pain medications, unlocking new potential at low, sub-anesthetic doses. Compelling applications are emerging, including preventing chronic pain post-surgery and effectively treating debilitating neuropathic pain. Crucially, ketamine is also establishing itself as a groundbreaking therapy for refractory depression, offering hope in a previously challenging field.
Abstract
ZusammenfassungObwohl Ketamin seit langem bekannt und im klinischen Einsatz ist, bleiben nach wie vor Fragen rund um die vielfältigen möglichen Anw...
Unexpected Serotonin Syndrome, Epileptic Seizures, and Cerebral Edema Following 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine Ingestion.
Journal of forensic sciences – November 01, 2019
Summary
Unexpectedly severe brain damage can stem from recreational substances. An 18-year-old experienced severe serotonin syndrome and brain swelling after 2C-B intoxication, a designer drug. Routine screenings failed, but advanced forensic science confirmed this phenethylamine derivative. This finding highlights 2C-B's profound neurological risks, urging vital awareness for users and medical professionals.
Abstract
4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) is a designer drug. In Europe, 2C-B is easily obtained and used for recreational purposes. It is known f...