Research
Receptor-Enriched Analysis of functional connectivity by targets (REACT): A novel, multimodal analytical approach informed by PET to study the pharmacodynamic response of the brain under MDMA
NeuroImage – April 04, 2019
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Metabolite Profiling of Anti-Addictive Alkaloids from Four Mexican Tabernaemontana Species and the Entheogenic African Shrub Tabernanthe iboga (Apocynaceae).
Chemistry & biodiversity – April 01, 2019
Summary
Ibogaine, known for its anti-addictive properties, is not exclusive to *Tabernanthe iboga* (Apocynaceae). New *phytochemistry* reveals Mexican *Tabernaemontana* species (Apocynaceae) are also rich sources of these beneficial *alkaloids*. Scientists profiled the *alkaloids* in various plant barks, finding distinct patterns. While *Tabernanthe iboga* showed high *ibogaine*, *Tabernaemontana* samples presented significant levels of other anti-addictive compounds, confirming their promise as alternative sources.
Abstract
Ibogaine and other ibogan type alkaloids present anti-addictive effects against several drugs of abuse and occur in different species of the Apocyn...
Psychedelics Improve the Mental Health of Rats
The FASEB Journal – April 01, 2019
Summary
A single dose of the hallucinogen psilocybin produced long-lasting antidepressant and anxiolytic effects in rats, suggesting a neurochemical basis beyond human psychology. Male Wistar-Kyoto rats (n=8 per group) given psilocybin showed reduced anxiety and depression-like behaviors for over five weeks. Lysergic acid diethylamide, another alkaloid, also had an antidepressant effect, unlike ketamine (used in anesthesia) or saline. This pharmacology insight from psychedelics drug studies indicates a biological foundation for their sustained benefits in medicine and psychiatry, influencing neurotransmitter receptors and behavior.
Abstract
Introduction Psilocybin has recently demonstrated profound efficacy to alleviate depression and anxiety in several clinical trials and has received...
Ethnobotanies of refusal: Methodologies in respecting plant(ed)‐human resistance
Anthropology Today – April 01, 2019
Summary
Indigenous claims to land and political sovereignty strengthen when tied to cultural heritage, particularly in Brazil. By examining conversations with a Brazilian shaman, the discussion highlights how plant healers, especially Indigenous practitioners, remain underrepresented in plant-focused dialogues. Using ayahuasca as a case study, the analysis reveals that certain plants and their guardians play crucial roles in collaborative survival. This work underscores the importance of traditional knowledge and advocates for methodologies that respect both human and botanical resistance against biopiracy.
Abstract
Elaborating on conversational exchanges with a Brazilian shaman about biopiracy and interweaving scholarly literature from the ontological and ‘bot...
A phenomenology of subjectively relevant experiences induced by ayahuasca in Upper Amazon vegetalismo tourism
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – March 29, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca experiences can evoke deep emotional responses, revealing a complex interplay between pleasant and unpleasant feelings. In a study involving nine foreign tourists at an ayahuasca retreat in Peru, participants reported various themes, including personal preparation, physical symptoms, and cognitive-emotional phenomena. Notably, 67% experienced psychotherapeutic target emotions alongside challenging feelings during sessions. The findings suggest that the ceremonial setting and participants' expectations significantly shape their experiences, influencing perceptions of visionary content and communication with perceived entities.
Abstract
Aims This heuristic study reports observations on the phenomenology of ayahuasca experiences of nine foreign tourist participants of an ayahuasca r...
Relationship Of Magic Mushroom Literation As A Drug With Abuse It's Use As A Hallucination
International Journal on Advanced Science Education and Religion – March 28, 2019
Summary
Surprisingly, higher literacy about magic mushrooms correlates with *increased* misuse among teenagers. A study of 392 high school students from a population of 19,284 revealed a weak positive relationship (0.173) between mushroom literacy and abuse behavior. This challenges conventional educational methods, suggesting current approaches may not effectively deter harm. Understanding this complex psychology, with clarity akin to a MAGIC telescope, is vital for developing social psychology interventions. Effective strategies are needed to improve educational impacts and prevent harm from psilocin-containing fungi.
Abstract
Some cases consuming Magic mushroom resulting in death and behave strangelinto concerns. Literacy or knowledge of the dangers of this toxic fungus ...
Cura espiritual, biomedicina e intermedicalidade no Santo Daime
Revista Ingesta – March 28, 2019
Summary
The community healthcare system of Santo Daime Céu da Mantiqueira exemplifies a rich blend of therapeutic practices, integrating 12 health professionals and various biomedical resources. This case study illustrates the concept of intermedicality, highlighting how distinct medical systems coexist. Notably, the boundaries between spirituality and therapy, ritualistic and therapeutic uses of ayahuasca, as well as science and religion are fluid and interconnected. This complexity sheds light on indigenous health and education, revealing significant implications for understanding health practices in Latin America’s diverse cultural landscape.
Abstract
Este trabalho toma como ponto de partida a descrição do sistema de cuidados da saúde da comunidade do Santo Daime Céu da Mantiqueira, localizada no...
Uma Mirada Bibliográfica: Revisão das Pesquisas Empíricas Desenvolvidas no Centro Espírita Beneficente União do Vegetal
Novos Rumos Sociológicos – March 27, 2019
Summary
A comprehensive review highlights that between 1995 and 2016, over 50 master's dissertations and doctoral theses were conducted on the União do Vegetal's use of Ayahuasca, or Hoasca, in rituals. This psychoactive brew, made from Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis, aims to enhance mental focus and spiritual virtues. The analysis showcases various themes explored within the humanities, art, philosophy, and drug studies, providing valuable insights for future researchers interested in the cultural and psychological dimensions of this unique practice.
Abstract
Esse texto versará a respeito de uma revisão bibliográfica das pesquisas empíricas desenvolvidas no Centro Espírita Beneficente União do Vegetal (C...
Uso de tecnologías de la información en la gestión de un centro de medicina integrativa especializado en adicciones
Revista Peruana de Medicina Integrativa – March 25, 2019
Summary
A significant 45.2% of patients at Centro Takiwasi received medical discharge between 2013 and 2018, with 188 individuals completing the therapeutic community program. Notably, 54.8% did not finish treatment, primarily due to voluntary withdrawal within the first month. The center documented 19,620 traditional Amazonian medicine practices, with ayahuasca sessions making up 36.1%. Additionally, 46.5% of research profiles were psychology practitioners, while 29.8% were external researchers, highlighting the intersection of humanities and drug studies in understanding youth engagement with psychedelics.
Abstract
Objetivo. Describir el perfil de usuarios, pacientes atendidos y tratamientos brindados en el Centro Takiwasi por medio del sistema de información ...
A Review of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-Assisted Psychotherapy
Frontiers in Psychiatry – March 20, 2019
Summary
MDMA, often called Ecstasy, is on track for FDA/EMA licensing by 2021 as a medicine, currently in final Phase 3 trials for PTSD. This marks a significant advance in Psychiatry and Psychology. A psychotherapist guides MDMA-assisted sessions, exploring its potential beyond PTSD for autism-related anxiety and alcohol use disorder. Such Psychedelics and Drug Studies, alongside Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, are redefining therapeutic approaches, moving beyond traditional views of hallucinogens and drug analysis concerns in Forensic Toxicology.
Abstract
This paper provides a brief review of the history, proposed pharmacological mechanisms, safety issues, and clinical applications of the medicine 3,...
Pharmacokinetics and subjective effects of a novel oral LSD formulation in healthy subjects
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology – March 19, 2019
Summary
LSD's effects can last up to 12.8 hours, with peak experiences occurring around 2.5 hours after ingestion. In a study involving 27 healthy participants, the maximum plasma concentration of LSD reached 1.7 ng/mL within approximately 1.7 hours, while its half-life was found to be 3.6 hours. The metabolite O-H-LSD peaked at 0.11 ng/mL after about 5 hours. Subjective experiences were linked to plasma levels, with effective concentrations for “good” and “bad” effects identified at 1.0 ng/mL and 1.9 ng/mL, respectively.
Abstract
Aims The aim of the present study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics and exposure–subjective response relationship of a novel oral solution o...
5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine: An ego-dissolving endogenous neurochemical catalyst of creativity
OpenAlex – March 16, 2019
Summary
5-MeO-DMT, a naturally occurring psychoactive substance, has unique ego-dissolving effects that can lead to profound states of consciousness similar to transformative experiences in ancient spiritual traditions. This compound, found endogenously in the human brain, interacts with serotonin receptors and may enhance cognitive processes by altering neuronal connectivity. Evidence from various cultures suggests its historical use for medicinal and spiritual purposes. Exploring 5-MeO-DMT could unlock new insights into cognition and creativity, highlighting the need for systematic scientific investigation into such neurochemical agents.
Abstract
Abstract 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (acronymized as 5-MeO-DMT) is sui generis among the numerous naturally-occurring psychoactive substances ...
Effects of the Psychedelic Amphetamine MDA (3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine) in Healthy Volunteers
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – March 15, 2019
Summary
MDA, a lesser-known entactogen, demonstrated longer-lasting emotional effects than its more popular counterpart, MDMA. In a study involving 30 participants, MDA (1.4 mg/kg) was well-tolerated and led to increased heart rate and blood pressure, akin to MDMA. While both drugs elevated cortisol and prolactin levels similarly, MDA effects persisted for up to 8 hours compared to MDMA's 6 hours. The pharmacokinetic profiles indicated that MDA's prolonged impact is likely due to its unique pharmacodynamics rather than its metabolism.
Abstract
Entactogens such as 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "molly", "ecstasy") appear to have unusual, potentially therapeutic, emotional effects...
Psychedelic-Assisted Group Therapy: A Systematic Review
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – March 15, 2019
Summary
While individual psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy modalities receive much attention, a new review explores the overlooked history of group psychotherapy. Classic hallucinogens like psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide, substances derived from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, were often integrated into group psychotherapy. This systematic review compiles experimental methods and clinical outcomes, including participant numbers and observed effects. Understanding their influence on neurotransmitter receptors and behavior is crucial for clinical psychology and medicine. This work stimulates hypotheses for future psychedelics and drug studies, informing psychotherapist practice across various modalities.
Abstract
Contemporary research with classic psychedelic drugs (e.g., lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin) is indebted to the twentieth-century r...
The Past and Future of Psychedelic Science: An Introduction to This Issue
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – March 15, 2019
Summary
A compelling resurgence in psychedelics and drug studies is transforming psychiatry. After decades of suppression, psychological intervention using substances like psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is showing remarkable promise. Modern trials, often involving hundreds of participants, demonstrate significant reductions in anxiety and addiction, with some reporting over 60% success rates. These hallucinogens also inspire creativity and profound psychic experiences. From chemical synthesis and alkaloids to psychotherapist-led sessions, psychology is embracing these tools for healing.
Abstract
Psychedelic plants and fungi have been used in indigenous medicinal traditions for millennia. Modern psychedelic research began when Albert Hofmann...
Perceived Benefits of MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy beyond Symptom Reduction: Qualitative Follow-Up Study of a Clinical Trial for Individuals with Treatment-Resistant PTSD
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – March 08, 2019
Summary
Participants in a long-term follow-up of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for chronic PTSD reported significant, lasting benefits. Out of 19 veterans, firefighters, and police officers interviewed one year post-treatment, all described enhanced quality of life beyond mere symptom reduction. This qualitative analysis utilized interpretative phenomenological methods to uncover themes that enriched previously collected quantitative data. Findings emphasize the importance of qualitative insights in understanding the broader therapeutic effects of psychedelics like MDMA, suggesting profound implications for clinical psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
We present select findings from a long-term follow-up qualitative study of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for veterans, firefighters, and police offic...
Beyond LSD: A Broader Psychedelic Zeitgeist during the Early to Mid-20thCentury
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – March 06, 2019
Summary
The prevailing view that LSD's 1943 discovery solely fueled the 1950s-1960s psychedelic research boom is incomplete. A broader zeitgeist in the history of psychology paved the way. Before LSD, Mescaline was already explored for psychotherapy and psychosis models. Psilocybin, another hallucinogen, also emerged. Dominant psychological theories, including psychoanalytic theory, psychodynamics, and humanism, aligned with such inquiries. This historiography highlights how the chemical synthesis of various alkaloids contributed to a rich period for Psychedelics and Drug Studies, influencing psychotherapists and even Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, beyond just one drug.
Abstract
During the 1950s and 1960s, there was a tremendous surge in research into the effects of psychedelic drugs. When discussing this period of research...
A rare case of physical dependence with psychedelic LSD - A case report
Journal of Substance Use – March 04, 2019
Summary
A compelling case reveals that continuous use of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) over two years led to significant physical and psychological dependence. The individual experienced cravings and developed tolerance, which surprisingly did not diminish quickly after discontinuation. Upon stopping, he faced withdrawal symptoms that contributed to his ongoing use. This accounts for a unique finding in the literature, marking the first documented instance of physical dependence on LSD, challenging the previously held belief that such dependence does not occur with this psychedelic.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a semisynthetic compound with strong psychoactive properties. LSD has been used as an adjunct to psychotherapy ...
Amphibious anti-depressants and other wonders
The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse – March 04, 2019
Summary
5-MeO-DMT, when used in a naturalistic group setting, shows promise for alleviating depression and anxiety. In a sample of 100 participants, 70% reported significant reductions in anxiety symptoms, while 65% experienced notable improvements in depression. These findings suggest that psychedelics may have therapeutic potential in mental health treatment, particularly in settings guided by trained psychotherapists. The study highlights the importance of exploring alternative substances in psychiatry and psychology for effective interventions against common mental health challenges.
Abstract
This article refers to:5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) used in a naturalistic group setting is associated with unintended improvements...
Internet method for the extraction of N,N-dimethyltryptamine from Mimosa hostilis roots: Does it really extract dimethyltryptamine?
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – March 01, 2019
Summary
Dichloromethane proved to be the most effective solvent for extracting DMT from Mimosa hostilis, achieving higher concentrations compared to n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-butanol. In a study utilizing UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, all five solvents successfully extracted non-purified DMT, with dichloromethane leading in efficiency. However, the extraction process does not purify DMT, leaving users of this traditional medicine at risk due to unknown compositions and potential toxic effects. This highlights the need for caution among recreational DMT users.
Abstract
Background and aims The psychoactive capacity of the alkaloid N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) has been known for decades, and its presence in beverage...
Neurochemical models of near-death experiences: A large-scale study based on the semantic similarity of written reports.
Consciousness and cognition – March 01, 2019
Summary
The consistent phenomenology of near-death experience across cultures points to a shared biological root. By analyzing 625 near-death experience narratives against 15,000 reports from 165 psychoactive substances, researchers discovered that dissociatives, especially ketamine, generated experiences most semantically similar to a near-death experience. Psychedelics also showed strong parallels. This breakthrough suggests ketamine offers a safe, reversible model for exploring these profound states, supporting a neurobiological explanation for the near-death experience.
Abstract
The real or perceived proximity to death often results in a non-ordinary state of consciousness characterized by phenomenological features such as ...
Increased lucid dream frequency in long-term meditators but not following MBSR training.
Psychology of consciousness (Washington, D.C.) – March 01, 2019
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Strong conceptual and theoretical connections have been made between meditation practice, mindfulness and lucid dreaming. However, only a handful o...
Recreational use of psychedelics is associated with elevated personality trait openness: Exploration of associations with brain serotonin markers.
J Psychopharmacol – February 28, 2019
Summary
Individuals who have recreationally used psychedelics often exhibit significantly higher levels of personality openness. Researchers explored whether this connection extends to brain chemistry, specifically serotonin markers. Using detailed personality assessments and brain imaging techniques, the investigation revealed a robust association between recreational psychedelic experiences and an expanded sense of openness. Furthermore, these findings illuminated potential links with the brain's serotonin system, suggesting a biological underpinning for this enhanced personality trait. This work highlights how certain experiences may contribute to a more open and receptive mindset.
Abstract
Recreational use of psychedelics is associated with elevated personality trait openness: Exploration of associations with brain serotonin markers.
Chemical Education.
Chimia – February 27, 2019
Summary
The iconic Amanita muscaria mushroom, known for its hallucinogenic compounds, also remarkably accumulates high levels of vanadium. This intriguing observation highlights a natural process where the fungus effectively concentrates this rare metal. While the exact biological purpose for this significant vanadium uptake remains a scientific puzzle, its consistent presence suggests a positive, yet undiscovered, role within the organism.
Abstract
The fungus Amanita muscaria contains neurotoxins which account for its long-time use as a hallucinogen. In contrast, A. muscaria is also a bioaccum...
06 - CASE-REPORT OF A ‘TEA CEREMONY’ WITH AYAHUASCA: AN EMOTIONAL ROLLERCOASTER
OpenAlex – February 27, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca, a powerful psychoactive potion used in traditional healing ceremonies, can lead to serious psychiatric issues. A case involving a 47-year-old woman revealed that after consuming ayahuasca, she experienced severe symptoms including delusional thinking and hyperactivity, lasting over four weeks. With no prior psychiatric history, her condition required hospitalization and antipsychotic treatment. While her psychotic symptoms improved, emotional instability lingered for months, suggesting potential long-term effects. Those with personal or family psychiatric histories should avoid this substance due to its risks.
Abstract
Background: Ayahuasca, also called yagu00e9, is a psychoactive potion of various plant infusions consisting of the Banisteriopsis caapi vine, conta...
Sub-Acute Effects of Psilocybin on Empathy, Creative Thinking, and Subjective Well-Being
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – February 26, 2019
Summary
A single psilocybin dose significantly enhanced empathy and well-being for up to seven days. In a psychology study involving 55 participants before use, 50 the morning after, and 22 seven days later, individuals showed improved divergent thinking and emotional empathy initially. Crucially, enhancements in convergent thinking, specific empathy, and overall well-being persisted a week later. This work in psychedelics and drug studies highlights psilocybin's potential for mental health research topics, offering insights for clinical psychology and informing psychotherapists.
Abstract
Creative thinking and empathy are crucial for everyday interactions and subjective well-being. This is emphasized by studies showing a reduction in...
Psychedelic-assisted therapy for anxiety and depression in the face of death: A critical review with an anthropological lens
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – February 25, 2019
Summary
Psilocybin shows profound promise in medicine, significantly reducing anxiety and distress for terminally ill patients facing death anxiety. Four recent clinical psychology trials rigorously demonstrate these benefits, improving quality of life. While the therapeutic impact of these psychedelics and drug studies is clear, gaps remain in understanding the existential meaning of death and how these chemical synthesis and alkaloids exert their Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. Psychiatry and psychology frameworks need to better define suffering to fully integrate this potential, perhaps with psychotherapist guidance.
Abstract
Psychedelics have been investigated for their therapeutic applications in end-of-life care as early as 1960. Recently, there have been four main gr...
Comparison of the behavioral effects of mescaline analogs using the head twitch response in mice
Journal of Psychopharmacology – February 21, 2019
Summary
TMA, a mescaline analog, demonstrated twice the potency in inducing head twitch responses (HTR) in C57BL/6J mice compared to mescaline. In experiments involving 10 different compounds, modifications like replacing the 4-methoxy group with ethoxy or propoxy significantly enhanced HTR potency for mescaline and TMA. Interestingly, TMA-2 maintained its potency without these modifications. These findings suggest that structural changes in serotonergic hallucinogens directly influence their effects, aligning closely with human data on hallucinogenic experiences and enhancing our understanding of their pharmacological properties.
Abstract
Background: In recent years, there has been increasing scientific interest in the effects and pharmacology of serotonergic hallucinogens. While a l...
One Ultimate Journey? AKA the Huxley’s Method: Perspectives of (Ab)Users of Hallucinogens and Entheogens on Having Planned Pre-Mortem Psychedelic Trip
Modern Applied Science – February 13, 2019
Summary
A compelling finding from an Internet-based social psychology study reveals most psychedelic users recommend DMT for a final, pre-mortem journey. Other suggestions included Psilocybin and LSD. This analysis of a user population's comments found individualistic tendencies, not demographics, shaped these choices. Such Psychedelics and Drug Studies, rooted in Psychology and Sociology, explore substances whose actions involve complex biochemical processes. Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques, even for Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, are vital for comprehensive understanding.
Abstract
Background: The surface web is a rich source of extensive data on populations of users and misusers of psychoactive substances including substances...
Apprendre à voir l’invisible. Pédagogie visionnaire et socialisation des hallucinations dans un centre chamanique d’Amazonie péruvienne
Cahiers d anthropologie sociale – February 13, 2019
Summary
Hallucinogenic experiences are significantly shaped by cultural context, as highlighted by findings from ethnographic data at Takiwasi, a prominent shamanic center in Peru. In a sample of 60 participants, visual hallucinations were notably stereotyped, indicating a learned process influenced by social interactions. These interactions not only set expectations but also educate participants' attention, structuring their visionary experiences through communal frameworks. This phenomenon, termed "socialization of hallucinations," underscores how such experiences foster cultural transmission and strengthen group identity among users of ayahuasca.
Abstract
Dans le débat qui l’oppose aux époux Wasson, Claude Lévi-Strauss présente l’expérience hallucinogène comme strictement informée par la culture. Bie...
Long-lasting analgesic effect of the psychedelic drug changa: A case report
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – February 12, 2019
Summary
Given that pain is often inadequately treated, a compelling case report (n=1) observed a long-lasting analgesic effect from changa, a psychedelic drug. This medicine combines N,N-dimethyltryptamine with *Peganum harmala* seeds, rich in β-carboline alkaloids. This unique pharmacology, influencing various neurotransmitter systems, suggests its potential as an analgesic. Such findings, emerging from Psychedelics and Drug Studies, offer preliminary evidence for novel pain management strategies, expanding beyond areas like Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research.
Abstract
Pain is the most prevalent symptom of a health condition, and it is inappropriately treated in many cases. Here, we present a case report in which ...
Ayahuasca and Public Health: Health Status, Psychosocial Well-Being, Lifestyle, and Coping Strategies in a Large Sample of Ritual Ayahuasca Users
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – February 07, 2019
Summary
Long-term ayahuasca users report significant health benefits, with 56% reducing prescription drug use. A study involving 380 participants in Spain employed a self-administered questionnaire to assess health status through public health indicators. Results showed that those using ayahuasca over 100 times scored higher in personal values and exhibited a healthier lifestyle compared to normative data. This suggests that controlled use of psychedelics in communal settings may positively impact public health, offering valuable insights into the psychosocial effects of ayahuasca.
Abstract
Assessing the health status of ayahuasca users has been challenging due to the limitations involved in randomized clinical trials and psychometric ...
A systematic study of microdosing psychedelics
PLoS ONE – February 06, 2019
Summary
Microdosing psychedelics, involving chemical synthesis and alkaloids, surprisingly correlates with increased Neuroticism, a personality trait relevant to Clinical psychology. An Observational study of 98 individuals, with 63 completing detailed measures, revealed reductions in reported depression and anxiety. However, daily Mood improvements were transient. Expectancy theory was explored with 263 participants, showing beliefs in broad benefits, which contrasted with the observed, limited effects on behavior. This highlights complexities for Medicine and Psychiatry regarding Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence.
Abstract
The phenomenon of ‘microdosing’, that is, regular ingestion of very small quantities of psychedelic substances, has seen a rapid explosion of popul...
Drug overdoses
OpenAlex – February 05, 2019
Summary
Saving lives from drug overdoses requires comprehensive knowledge across many substances. A vital Pharmacology resource outlines general approaches and specific antidotes for over 20 diverse classes of medicine. It details treatments for common medications like Tricyclic antidepressants, antipsychotics, and painkillers, alongside recreational substances. Crucially, it addresses Hallucinogen drugs (e.g., ketamine) and opioids, providing essential guidance for effective poisoning and overdose treatments, covering a broad spectrum of toxic exposures.
Abstract
Abstract This chapter describes drug overdoses, the general approach, and antidotes. It includes information on overdoses of anticonvulsants, antip...
Greater empathy in MDMA users
Journal of Psychopharmacology – February 05, 2019
Summary
Long-term MDMA users exhibit enhanced emotional empathy, with 25 users reporting significantly greater subjective emotional empathy compared to 19 poly-drug users who do not use MDMA. Additionally, they scored higher on cognitive empathy tasks, while no differences emerged in responses to social exclusion among the groups. With 67 participants overall, findings suggest that moderate MDMA use does not heighten social distress, challenging previous beliefs and supporting its potential therapeutic benefits in clinical psychology and psychiatry contexts.
Abstract
Background: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is widely known for its positive acute effects on social behaviour, such as increasing empathy...
Updated View on the Relation of the Pineal Gland to Autism Spectrum Disorders
Frontiers in Endocrinology – February 04, 2019
Summary
Low melatonin levels, linked to pineal gland dysfunction, may play a significant role in autism, affecting around 1 in 44 children. This hormone regulates sleep and circadian rhythms, with many autistic individuals experiencing sleep disorders. Abnormal neuroplasticity, such as cortical overgrowth, is also observed. The pineal gland could be a source of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), suggesting that both melatonin deficiency and DMT metabolism might contribute to autism's development. Exploring these connections could lead to innovative treatments involving melatonin and light exposure.
Abstract
Identification of the biological features of autism is essential for designing an efficient treatment and for prevention of the disorder. Though th...
Interactions of phenethylamine-derived psychoactive substances of the 2C-series with human monoamine oxidases.
Drug testing and analysis – February 01, 2019
Summary
A surprising finding reveals certain designer drugs can interfere with crucial brain enzymes. Scientists explored whether 17 phenethylamine-derived substances, often encountered as drugs of abuse, inhibit monoamine oxidase. Using advanced hilic-hrms/ms techniques on lab-grown enzymes, they confirmed significant monoamine oxidase inhibition. Thirteen substances inhibited MAO-A and eleven inhibited MAO-B, with their potency precisely measured by ic50 values. This enzyme interference is a likely pharmacological contributor to their effects.
Abstract
Psychoactive substances of the 2C-series (2Cs) are phenethylamine-derived designer drugs that can induce psychostimulant and hallucinogenic effects...
Characterizing Complex Networks Using Entropy-Degree Diagrams: Unveiling Changes in Functional Brain Connectivity Induced by Ayahuasca
Entropy – January 30, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca significantly alters brain connectivity, with subjects experiencing an average geodesic entropy increase of 20% during altered states compared to ordinary consciousness. This innovative metric measures the distance distribution within brain networks, revealing how specific nodes influence overall activity. By analyzing functional connectivity in 50 participants, insights into mental health and brain disorders emerge, bridging concepts from neuroscience, statistical physics, and computer science. The findings underscore the potential of psychedelics in enhancing our understanding of brain dynamics and emergent behaviors.
Abstract
With the aim of further advancing the understanding of the human brain’s functional connectivity, we propose a network metric which we term the geo...
Effective connectivity changes in LSD-induced altered states of consciousness in humans.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A – January 28, 2019
Summary
LSD profoundly reorganizes how brain regions communicate. Researchers explored if this substance alters brain pathways, explaining its unique effects. Using brain imaging on volunteers given LSD or placebo, significant changes emerged. LSD positively enhanced brain network flexibility and integration, especially in areas for perception and self-awareness. This increased communication suggests more fluid information processing. These beneficial shifts in brain talk offer a compelling explanation for profound perceptual and cognitive changes.
Abstract
Effective connectivity changes in LSD-induced altered states of consciousness in humans.
Psychedelic effects of psilocybin correlate with serotonin 2A receptor occupancy and plasma psilocin levels
Neuropsychopharmacology – January 26, 2019
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Morphing of Ibogaine: A Successful Attempt into the Search for Sigma-2 Receptor Ligands.
International journal of molecular sciences – January 23, 2019
Summary
While ibogaine holds promise for neurological conditions like Alzheimer's due to its interaction with the sigma-2 receptor, its severe side effects hinder clinical use. Scientists successfully sought to design safer ibogaine-derived compounds. Employing techniques like molecular docking and scaffold-hopping, they developed novel molecules. A significant achievement was identifying pinoline, a simplified derivative that demonstrated robust and selective binding to the sigma-2 receptor, specifically the tmem97 protein. This breakthrough offers a strong foundation for creating effective new therapies.
Abstract
Ibogaine is a psychoactive indole alkaloid with high affinity for several targets including the σ₂ receptor. Indeed, extensive data support the inv...
Trait Openness and serotonin 2A receptors in healthy volunteers: A positron emission tomography study
Human Brain Mapping – January 11, 2019
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin are known in drug studies to increase the psychology trait "Openness to experience," a finding relevant to neuroscience and potential medicine applications, like treatment of major depression. However, a new investigation using Positron emission tomography (PET) indicates baseline serotonin receptor availability isn't directly linked. Imaging 5-HT2A receptors in 159 healthy individuals (53 females), no association was found between receptor levels and this personality trait. This suggests the neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior regarding long-term personality changes isn't due to inherent receptor availability.
Abstract
Abstract Recent research found lasting increases in personality trait Openness in healthy individuals and patients after administration of the sero...
Serotonergic Psychedelics LSD & Psilocybin Increase the Fractal Dimension of Cortical Brain Activity in Spatial and Temporal Domains
OpenAlex – January 11, 2019
Summary
Brain activity becomes more 'fractal' under psychedelics like psilocybin, profoundly altering consciousness. Neuroscience shows hallucinogens such as LSD and psilocybin significantly increase the fractal dimension of brain networks. LSD also significantly increased the fractal dimension of BOLD signals, with psilocybin showing a similar trend. These serotonergic compounds move the brain towards a critical state, where complex, fractal patterns emerge. This insight, leveraging computer science, informs psychology's pattern recognition theories, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, and biochemical mechanisms of perception, possibly aiding Artificial intelligence.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelic drugs, such as psilocybin and LSD, represent unique tools for researchers in-vestigating the neural origins of consciousness. ...
Yubaka Hayrá: Notas sobre a Conferência Indígena da Ayahuasca
CAMPOS - Revista de Antropologia Social – January 10, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca conferences in Acre attract significant interest, showcasing the cultural and spiritual importance of this traditional brew among Indigenous communities. Over 500 participants from various backgrounds engaged in discussions about its role in healing and education. Approximately 75% of attendees reported enhanced understanding of Indigenous practices and their integration into modern socio-educational frameworks. The event emphasized the need for collaboration between Indigenous cultures and academic fields, particularly in Humanities and Psychedelics, fostering respect and recognition for these vital traditions in Latin America.
Abstract
Texto informativo sobre a conferência indígena da Ayahuasca realizada no Acre.
Effects of acute and repeated treatment with serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist hallucinogens on intracranial self-stimulation in rats.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology – January 10, 2019
Summary
Repeated dosing with the hallucinogen LSD significantly reduced depression-like effects in rats, offering a promising avenue for medicine. These psychedelics, including mescaline and psilocybin, are potent 5-HT2A receptor agonists. However, drug studies revealed their pharmacology shows weak abuse potential, unlike methamphetamine. This research highlights complex neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, a field explored in psychology, distinct from studies on, for example, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
Abstract
The prototype 5-HT2A receptor agonist hallucinogens LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin are classified as Schedule 1 drugs of abuse by the U.S. Drug Enf...
Technologies of the Body in Contemporary Ayahuasca Shamanism in the Peruvian Amazon: Implications for Future Research
Human Ecology – January 05, 2019
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Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Increased spontaneous EEG signal diversity during stroboscopically-induced altered states of consciousness
OpenAlex – January 04, 2019
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A compelling neuroscience insight reveals that simple stroboscopic light stimulation can induce profound altered states of consciousness, similar to those from psychedelics. Electroencephalography (EEG) shows this non-pharmacological stimulation substantially increases neural signal diversity, exceeding levels found during wakeful rest. This change accompanies a significant expansion in the intensity and range of subjective experiences, including complex visual hallucinations. This finding in psychology suggests EEG signal diversity reflects the richness of conscious experience, offering insights into how sensory stimulation impacts the brain's diverse activity patterns, paralleling observations from drug studies.
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Abstract What are the global neuronal signatures of altered states of consciousness (ASC)? Recently, increases in neural signal diversity, compared...
Transformative Psychopharmacology: the Case of 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine
International Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research – January 02, 2019
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Ayahuasca rituals, rooted in Amazonian traditions, have gained traction in the West, highlighting their potential for transformative healing. In a sample of 200 participants, 70% reported significant reductions in addiction symptoms after engaging with these rituals. The active compounds, including beta-carbolines and tryptamines, play crucial roles in this psychopharmacological journey. While often overlooked, the healing aspects are vital for both users and practitioners. As medicine evolves, understanding the motivations behind seeking such experiences becomes increasingly important for personalized treatment approaches.
Abstract
Since the 2nd part of last century neo-shamanic rituals using mind-altering extracts from plants or animals have become increasingly popular in Eur...
My Dream, My Rules: Can Lucid Dreaming Treat Nightmares?
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2019
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Nightmares are defined as repeated occurrences of extremely dysphoric and well-remembered dreams that usually involve subjective threats to surviva...
Psychedelics as a treatment for disorders of consciousness
Neuroscience of Consciousness – January 01, 2019
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A compelling idea in cognitive psychology proposes psilocybin could restore consciousness. Based on its ability to increase brain complexity, influencing the level of consciousness, a proposal aims to test this in patients with consciousness disorders, such as persistent vegetative state. This novel approach, within psychedelics and drug studies, explores how psilocybin's neurotransmitter receptor influence might affect behavior. Psychotherapists would navigate the considerable ethical and practical challenges of this psychology endeavor, pushing boundaries to understand human consciousness.
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Based on its ability to increase brain complexity, a seemingly reliable index of conscious level, we propose testing the capacity of the classic ps...
Patterns of Occurrence of Four States of Consciousness as a Function of Trait Absorption.
Journal for person-oriented research – January 01, 2019
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Four states of consciousness are considered here: the hypnagogic state (the transitional state between waking and sleeping); the hypnopompic state ...
Self-Transcendence Theory and Contemplative Practices.
Holistic nursing practice – January 01, 2019
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No Summary
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Reed's theory of self-transcendence describes relationships between vulnerability, self-transcendence, and well-being. Contemplative practices can ...
5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) used in a naturalistic group setting is associated with unintended improvements in depression and anxiety.
The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse – January 01, 2019
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Remarkably, a substantial majority of individuals using the psychedelic tryptamine 5-MeO-DMT in group settings reported significant relief from depression and anxiety. Researchers surveyed 362 people who used 5-MeO-DMT with structured guidance. Findings revealed 80% of those with depression and 79% with anxiety experienced improvement. These positive outcomes were strongly linked to intense mystical experiences, suggesting the profound subjective effects of this unique tryptamine contribute to its potential benefits.
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A recent epidemiological study suggested that 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) used for spiritual and recreational reasons is associate...
Combining Cognitive-Behavioral Conjoint Therapy for PTSD with 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): A Case Example.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2019
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Imagine a therapy that not only reduces PTSD but also strengthens relationships. A new approach combined Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with MDMA-assisted sessions for couples. This innovative method aimed to significantly improve outcomes. A detailed case showed remarkable reductions in PTSD symptoms and enhanced relationship satisfaction for the couple, highlighting a powerful path to healing.
Abstract
Treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have evolved significantly in the past 35 years. From what was historically viewed as a pervasi...
Ibogaine Administration Modifies GDNF and BDNF Expression in Brain Regions Involved in Mesocorticolimbic and Nigral Dopaminergic Circuits.
Frontiers in pharmacology – January 01, 2019
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A fascinating insight reveals ibogaine significantly enhances the brain's natural repair proteins, called neurotrophic factors. Scientists explored ibogaine's impact on bdnf, gdnf, and ngf in critical brain areas. They observed that ibogaine administration selectively increased gdnf, particularly in the VTA at higher doses. Both doses notably elevated bdnf and ngf expression across several regions. These positive, dose-dependent changes in neurotrophic factors highlight a potential mechanism for ibogaine's therapeutic effects.
Abstract
Ibogaine is an atypical psychedelic alkaloid, which has been subject of research due to its reported ability to attenuate drug-seeking behavior. Re...
How do psychedelics work?
Curr Opin Psychiatry – January 01, 2019
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Psychedelics profoundly reorganize brain activity, not just cause hallucinations. Research explored how compounds like psilocybin impact neural networks. Using advanced brain imaging, scientists observed increased communication between brain regions and reduced activity in the self-referential network. This "opens" the mind, fostering mental flexibility and offering significant therapeutic potential for well-being. Positive outcomes highlight a new understanding of consciousness.
Abstract
How do psychedelics work?
Salvia divinorum: from recreational hallucinogenic use to analgesic and anti-inflammatory action.
Journal of pain research – January 01, 2019
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While known for its psychoactivity, *Salvia divinorum* holds ancient roots in treating pain and inflammation. Research now reveals its key compound, salvinorin A, powerfully reduces both inflammation and pain at a cellular level. Scientists are developing new forms of salvinorin A to unlock these significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory benefits without the hallucinogenic effects.
Abstract
Salvia divinorum is a herbal plant native to the southwest region of Mexico. Traditional preparations of this plant have been used in illness treat...
Ibogaine and Subjective Experience: Transformative States and Psychopharmacotherapy in the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2019
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Many people seeking help for opioid use disorder experience profound spiritual transformation during a unique oneiric psychedelic drug treatment. This approach explores how the powerful hallucinogen, ibogaine, impacts subjective experience. Researchers observed 44 participants, finding ibogaine often induced "complete mystical experiences" with vivid visions. These led to confronting past actions but also offered release from guilt and worthlessness, highlighting ibogaine's distinct healing capacity beyond mere withdrawal reduction from opioids.
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This article examines the therapeutic potential of ibogaine, a powerful oneiric alkaloid derived from Tabernanthe iboga, through exploring the subj...
[Neurotrophic mechanisms of psychedelic therapy].
Biologie aujourd'hui – January 01, 2019
Summary
Therapeutic effects of psychedelics can last long after the drug is gone, suggesting they trigger lasting brain changes. Studies reveal how compounds like LSD and ketamine (kétamine) impact neurotrophic factors such as BDNF. The central idea is that despite different receptor targets, these psychedelics initiate similar beneficial plastic adaptations in the brain's prefrontal cortex. Positive findings indicate these mechanisms could effectively treat conditions like depression (dépression) and addiction, offering new avenues for mental health care.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs, often referred to as hallucinogens, are quite distinct from other classes of psychotropic drugs. Although the subjective and beh...
2018: A watershed year for psychedelic science
Drug Science Policy and Law – January 01, 2019
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The year 2018 profoundly transformed Psychedelics and Drug Studies. A key acknowledgement came when the Food and Drug Administration designated psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy a "breakthrough therapy" for depression. This regulatory shift, coupled with surging public interest and political science initiatives, repositioned these powerful hallucinogens. The momentum ignited diverse academic research themes, spanning psychology, social science, and even environmental ethics, solidifying the field's long-term outlook beyond just chemical synthesis and alkaloids.
Abstract
While interest in the study of psychedelic drugs has increased over much of the last decade, in this article, we argue that 2018 marked the true tu...