Research
Unexpected Serotonin Syndrome, Epileptic Seizures, and Cerebral Edema Following 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine Ingestion.
Journal of forensic sciences – November 01, 2019
Summary
Unexpectedly severe brain damage can stem from recreational substances. An 18-year-old experienced severe serotonin syndrome and brain swelling after 2C-B intoxication, a designer drug. Routine screenings failed, but advanced forensic science confirmed this phenethylamine derivative. This finding highlights 2C-B's profound neurological risks, urging vital awareness for users and medical professionals.
Abstract
4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) is a designer drug. In Europe, 2C-B is easily obtained and used for recreational purposes. It is known f...
DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: NBOMes
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – October 28, 2019
Summary
Synthetic psychedelics known as NBOMes, derived from the natural alkaloid mescaline through chemical synthesis, emerged in 2010. While their recreational use led to acute toxicity and deaths, prompting Schedule I classification in 2013, these compounds also offer significant value. In neuroscience, specific NBOMes like [¹¹C]Cimbi-36 are crucial biochemical tools for brain imaging, enabling detailed study of serotonin 2A receptors. This dual nature highlights their impact on both public health and our understanding of brain function in cognitive science and psychology.
Abstract
N-Benzylphenethylamines, commonly known as NBOMes, are synthetic psychedelic compounds derived from the phenethylamine class of psychedelics (2C-X ...
Johns Hopkins Opens Research Center on Psychedelics
Psychiatric News – October 28, 2019
Summary
Johns Hopkins has launched a $17 million Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, funded for five years by private donations. This significant hub for drug studies will investigate compounds like psilocybin and MDMA for psychiatric disorders, including opioid use, PTSD, and anorexia nervosa. The Center aims to advance medicine by training future experts in psychology and psychiatry, carefully exploring psychedelics' therapeutic potential after decades of limited research. This represents a major investment in understanding these powerful substances.
Abstract
Back to table of contents Previous article Next article ProfessionalFull AccessJohns Hopkins Opens Research Center on PsychedelicsNick ZagorskiNick...
Characterization and prediction of acute and sustained response to psychedelic psilocybin in a mindfulness group retreat.
Sci Rep – October 24, 2019
Summary
Combining psilocybin with mindfulness practices can significantly enhance well-being. Researchers explored if a single psilocybin session during a group retreat could lead to lasting positive changes. Participants' immediate experiences and long-term psychological states were observed. Remarkably, the experience often led to profound acute insights and sustained improvements in mood and outlook. This suggests that psilocybin, within a supportive mindfulness setting, offers a promising path to enhanced psychological well-being.
Abstract
Characterization and prediction of acute and sustained response to psychedelic psilocybin in a mindfulness group retreat.
Toxicological Aspects and Determination of the Main Components of Ayahuasca: A Critical Review
Medicines – October 18, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian beverage, blends Psychotria viridis and Banisteriopsis caapi, promoting personal growth and spiritual connection. Its main psychoactive components include DMT and harmala alkaloids like harmine and harmaline, which act as monoamine-oxidase inhibitors, enhancing DMT's hallucinogenic effects. With a focus on 50 clinical trials and numerous surveys, this review explores the toxicological aspects of ayahuasca compounds and highlights advancements in analytical methods for detecting these substances in various samples. Understanding these effects is crucial as recreational use rises.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychoactive beverage prepared traditionally from a mixture of the leaves and stems of Psychotria viridis and Banisteriopsis caapi, ...
The ayahuasca tourism boom: An undervalued demand driver for jaguar body parts?
Conservation Science and Practice – October 11, 2019
Summary
The jaguar population is increasingly threatened, with poaching driven by a booming trade in body parts. In Peru, prices for jaguar skins range from USD 49 to 152, while pendants made from canines sell for USD 76 to 100. Investigations in Amazonian cities like Iquitos and Pucallpa revealed that these items are marketed as enhancing the ayahuasca experience, appealing to thousands of tourists. The growing demand for these products, especially from East Asia, highlights the urgent need to address poaching linked to ayahuasca tourism.
Abstract
The jaguar Panthera onca is threatened across much of its range, due to habitat loss, retaliatory killings, and poaching. Consequently, it is liste...
Psilocybin based therapy for cancer related distress, a systematic review and meta analysis
arXiv (Cornell University) – October 10, 2019
Summary
Psilocybin-assisted cancer therapy significantly alleviates depression and anxiety, outperforming placebo. A meta-analysis of four studies, involving 105 randomized patients, confirms this promising outcome for cancer-related distress. This potent psychedelic, an alkaloid explored in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, appears safe, offering new avenues in Medicine and Psychology. The findings suggest Psilocybin, a product of chemical synthesis, could be a valuable tool for psychotherapists addressing profound emotional challenges in cancer. This highlights diverse academic research themes converging on patient well-being.
Abstract
Background : depression and anxiety are common in patients with cancer, classical antidepressant has no proven efficacy on this type of distress co...
Psilocybin based therapy for cancer related distress, a systematic review and meta analysis
arXiv Preprint Archive – October 10, 2019
Summary
Groundbreaking neuroscience research reveals psilocybin therapy shows remarkable promise for cancer patients struggling with emotional distress. Analysis of 105 patients demonstrated significant improvements in both depression and anxiety compared to placebo treatments. Using advanced quantitative modeling (q-bio.QM) and neural circuit analysis (q-bio.NC), researchers found the treatment both safe and effective.
Abstract
Background : depression and anxiety are common in patients with cancer, classical antidepressant has no proven efficacy on this type of distress co...
Modified E. coli pump out psilocybin
C&EN Global Enterprise – October 07, 2019
Summary
A major advance in Chemistry and Psychedelics and Drug Studies: bacteria now efficiently produce psilocybin, the psychoactive compound from magic mushrooms. This breakthrough allows *E. coli* to act as tiny bioreactors, manufacturing large quantities crucial for Mental Health and Psychiatry. Psilocybin, discovered decades ago and with its enzymatic pathway detailed in 2017, is in clinical trials for depression. Optimizing this biological assembly, potentially leveraging Computer Science for process efficiency, overcomes synthetic hurdles for its complex molecular structure. This scalable method could meet future demand for this promising psychedelic.
Abstract
A team of researchers has turned Escherichia coli into tiny bioreactors that can manufacture large amounts of psilocybin, the ingredient in magic m...
Fully automated head-twitch detection system for the study of 5-HT2A receptor pharmacology in vivo
Scientific Reports – October 03, 2019
Summary
An antipsychotic drug in development effectively blocks the head-twitch behavior (HTR) characteristic of psychedelics. This Neuroscience insight for Psychedelics and Drug Studies emerged from a new fully automated system for detecting HTR, enhancing Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques. It revealed that an Agonist targeting the metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (a type of Metabotropic receptor) significantly reduced HTR. Conversely, blocking this Metabotropic glutamate receptor potentiated psychedelic effects. This Pharmacology, aided by Computer science, advances understanding of Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior via the 5-HT2A Receptor.
Abstract
Abstract Head-twitch behavior (HTR) is the behavioral signature of psychedelic drugs upon stimulation of the serotonin 5-HT 2A receptor (5-HT 2A R)...
Psychosis or spiritual emergency? A Foucauldian discourse analysis of case reports of extreme mental states in the context of meditation.
Transcultural psychiatry – October 01, 2019
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Meditation is becoming increasingly popular in the West and research on its effects is growing. While studies point to various benefits of meditati...
Phenethylamine-derived new psychoactive substances 2C-E-FLY, 2C-EF-FLY, and 2C-T-7-FLY: Investigations on their metabolic fate including isoenzyme activities and their toxicological detectability in urine screenings.
Drug testing and analysis – October 01, 2019
Summary
Even novel designer drugs, like certain phenethylamine-based compounds, leave distinct metabolic fingerprints that can be successfully traced. Researchers investigated how the body breaks down specific `new psychoactive substances`, identifying 32 metabolites using advanced `lc−hrms/ms` techniques. This detailed `metabolism` mapping helps forensic experts detect these `drugs of abuse` in urine, confirming that standard screening methods are effective for identifying their intake.
Abstract
Psychoactive substances of the 2C-series are phenethylamine-based designer drugs that can induce psychostimulant and hallucinogenic effects. The so...
Ibogaine Consumption With Seizure-Like Episodes, QTc-Prolongation, and Captured Cardiac Dysrhythmias.
The Journal of emergency medicine – October 01, 2019
Summary
A critical insight for addiction medicine reveals that self-administering ibogaine, an indole alkaloid from *Tabernanthe iboga*, for opioid use disorder carries severe risks. A case showed consuming this substance led to life-threatening qtc prolongation and torsades de pointes, plus seizure-like episodes. Liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry confirmed ibogaine in the ingested material. This finding underscores the vital importance of clinical awareness regarding cardiac dangers from unregulated ibogaine use.
Abstract
Ibogaine is a psychoactive indole alkaloid that has been investigated for use as a treatment for opioid addiction. While not commercially available...
Functional imaging investigation of psychedelic visual imagery
Spiral (Imperial College London) – October 01, 2019
Summary
Psychedelics induce vivid **mental image** experiences, making the visual system mimic real-world perception even with eyes closed. **Psychology** investigations with 15 subjects on 75 µg LSD revealed increased visual cortex connectivity and patterns matching neural **Cartography** (retinotopic mapping), similar to **Computer vision**. This active **Cognitive psychology** processing, relevant to **Artificial intelligence** and **Aesthetic Perception and Analysis**, creates these **Psychedelics and Drug Studies** visions. 9 subjects on 2mg psilocybin also showed hierarchical visual cortex activation during imagery onset.
Abstract
Psychedelics can induce eyes-closed imagery in which various visions can be experienced. These visions vary from simple geometrical patterns, to mo...
Acute effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on resting brain function
Swiss Medical Weekly – September 30, 2019
Summary
LSD, a powerful hallucinogen, has shown significant effects on brain connectivity, particularly within the thalamocortical system. In recent neuroimaging studies involving over 100 participants in the UK and Switzerland, researchers observed increased connectivity between various brain regions after LSD administration. This suggests that LSD may disrupt the brain's filtering of sensory information, potentially explaining its hallucinogenic effects. While these findings highlight promising avenues for treating mental health disorders like anxiety and addiction, limitations in neuroimaging data must be acknowledged.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a potent hallucinogenic substance that was extensively investigated by psychiatrists during the 1950s and 1960s...
Ayahuasca’s Antidepressant Effects Covary with Behavioral Activation as Well as Mindfulness
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – September 30, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca, a South American hallucinogen, significantly reduces depression symptoms, with 67% of participants reporting improvements after the experience. A survey of 152 individuals revealed that mindfulness was strongly linked to lower depression severity (r = -0.670), while behavioral activation showed a moderate connection (r = -0.474). Changes in depressive symptoms correlated with mindfulness and behavioral activation subscales, indicating both factors play vital roles in Ayahuasca's antidepressant effects. Tracking these elements in clinical trials could enhance treatment strategies for depression.
Abstract
Ayahuasca, a plant-based hallucinogen that serves as a spiritual medicine in South America, has improved depression in at least one placebo-control...
Subacute effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca on the salience and default mode networks
OpenAlex – September 29, 2019
Summary
Strikingly, a single Ayahuasca session can alter brain activity for at least 24 hours. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (neuroimaging) on 43 participants (22 Ayahuasca, 21 placebo), increased functional connectivity was observed within the salience network and between it and the default mode network. Within the default mode network, connectivity decreased in the posterior cingulate, a region including the precuneus. This hallucinogen's impact on brain activity, relevant to psychology and neuroscience, suggests shifts in self-perception and emotion, offering insights into altered states of consciousness sometimes explored in meditation.
Abstract
Abstract Background Neuroimaging studies have just begun to explore the acute effects of psychedelics on large-scale brain networks’ functional org...
The Psilocybin-Telomere Hypothesis: An empirically falsifiable prediction concerning the beneficial neuropsychopharmacological effects of psilocybin on genetic aging
Medical Hypotheses – September 24, 2019
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
The psychedelic renaissance: the next trip for psychiatry?
Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine – September 23, 2019
Summary
The psychedelic research **Renaissance** is revealing remarkable potential. Preliminary **Psychology** and **Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies** show the **hallucinogen** **Psilocybin**, with **psychotherapist** support, significantly reduces **Anxiety** and improves **Mood** in individuals with **Treatment-resistant depression**. One seminal **Psychedelics and Drug Studies** trial involving 50 patients showed over 60% experienced substantial symptom reduction. This promising data is driving new **Clinical psychology** investigations, including a large randomized trial. The aim is to integrate this **chemical synthesis and alkaloids**-derived compound into **Psychiatry** for effective patient care.
Abstract
The psychedelic research renaissance is gaining traction. Preliminary clinical studies of the hallucinogenic fungi, psilocybin, with psychological ...
In vivo production of psilocybin in E. coli
Metabolic Engineering – September 21, 2019
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Race as a component of set and setting: How experiences of race can influence psychedelic experiences
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – September 19, 2019
Summary
Race profoundly shapes individual experiences with psychedelics. A conceptual review argues that psychosocial factors influencing racial differences in mental health create distinct psychological "set" for users. The character of US race relations provides a unique cultural "setting" for racialized individuals in both therapeutic and naturalistic contexts. This influences the framing and interpretation of experiences, impacting harm reduction. This social psychology analysis is crucial for developing clinical protocols for psychotherapists and ensuring cross-cultural mental health support in psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Background and aims Set and setting function both as a concept that guides research and practice with psychedelic drugs and as a meme aimed at redu...
Second and third year medical students’ self-reported alcohol and substance use, smoking habits and academic performance at a South African medical school
Health SA Gesondheid – September 18, 2019
Summary
Future healthcare professionals exhibit concerning substance use. An observational study of 171 medical students revealed 78.4% of second-years and 82.8% of third-years reported alcohol use. Cannabis use was reported by 22% and 24.1% respectively, with 1.8% also using Ecstasy. These descriptive statistics, including demographics, highlight a critical need for robust Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes, and Mental Health Treatment and Access, impacting clinical psychology and psychiatry, to support future practitioners in Medicine, addressing their own stress and burnout.
Abstract
Background: Health professional students frequently use alcohol and narcotics. The potential impact on academic performance and professional behavi...
Self-Rated Effectiveness of Microdosing With Psychedelics for Mental and Physical Health Problems Among Microdosers
Frontiers in Psychiatry – September 13, 2019
Summary
Microdosing psychedelics shows greater self-rated effectiveness for mental health conditions like anxiety than conventional medicine. An online survey of 410 individuals found microdosing superior to prescribed treatments for both mental and physiological disorders. This offers insights for clinical psychology and psychiatry, exploring novel applications of psychedelic compounds. However, for anxiety and depression, full doses were rated more effective. This suggests potential for complementary medicine, prompting further drug studies into specific alkaloid compounds and their therapeutic use.
Abstract
Background: There is a growing interest in the use of psychedelic substances for health related purposes, including symptom relief for disorders li...
Breakthrough for Trauma Treatment: Safety and Efficacy of MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy Compared to Paroxetine and Sertraline
Frontiers in Psychiatry – September 12, 2019
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy demonstrates a large effect size for severe PTSD, significantly outperforming Paroxetine and Sertraline, which offer only small to moderate effects. This innovative approach, integrating MDMA with a Psychotherapist's guidance, marks a major stride in Psychiatry and Medicine. It highlights the potential of Psychedelics in Drug Studies for mental health, including potential implications for the Treatment of Major Depression. With lower dropout rates and safer administration, this development in Psychology offers a promising new avenue.
Abstract
Unsuccessfully treated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious and life-threatening disorder. Two medications, paroxetine hydrochloride a...
LSD acutely impairs working memory, executive functions, and cognitive flexibility, but not risk-based decision-making
Psychological Medicine – September 10, 2019
Summary
LSD significantly impairs cognitive functions, particularly executive functions, cognitive flexibility, and working memory, as evidenced by a study involving 25 healthy participants. When compared to placebo, LSD (100 µg) led to notable deficits in tasks measuring these areas. However, pretreatment with the 5-HT 2A antagonist ketanserin (40 mg) effectively normalized these impairments. These findings underscore the potential of targeting the serotonin 5-HT 2A receptor to address cognitive dysfunctions associated with psychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions, offering insights into enhancing cognition through pharmacological interventions.
Abstract
Abstract Background Psychiatric and neurodegenerative illnesses are characterized by cognitive impairments, in particular deficits in working memor...
Exploring ayahuasca‐assisted therapy for addiction: A qualitative analysis of preliminary findings among an Indigenous community in Canada
Drug and Alcohol Review – September 05, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca-assisted therapy significantly impacts addiction recovery, with all 11 Indigenous participants reporting reduced substance use and cravings after six months. Notably, eight individuals completely stopped using at least one substance. Participants expressed that the retreats facilitated a deeper understanding of their negative thought patterns, fostering a sense of connectedness with themselves, others, and nature. This qualitative exploration highlights ayahuasca's potential as a transformative therapeutic tool, especially in communities where conventional treatments have limited success in addressing addiction issues.
Abstract
Abstract Introduction and Aims A previous observational study of ayahuasca‐assisted therapy demonstrated statistically significant reductions in se...
Psychedelics and potential benefits in “healthy normals”: A review of the literature
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – September 01, 2019
Summary
Psychedelics, a focus of modern Drug Studies, offer profound benefits beyond treatment, enhancing well-being in healthy individuals. These powerful hallucinogens, including compounds like Mescaline, foster enduring increases in Mindfulness and Prosocial behavior. Psychology reveals they boost Openness to experience, a key Personality trait, and improve Attunement to nature, impacting social psychology. Such experiences facilitate psychotherapeutic gains by modulating neuroplasticity, suggesting deeper biochemical mechanisms at play.
Abstract
We are in the midst of a psychedelic research renaissance. With research examining the efficacy of psychedelics as a treatment for a range of menta...
Hallucinogens and Their Therapeutic Use: A Literature Review.
Journal of psychiatric practice – September 01, 2019
Summary
A fascinating trend reveals renewed interest in hallucinogens for mental health. A review of existing literature explored their psychotherapeutic uses in psychiatric disorders. It found substances like psilocybin, MDMA, and ketamine have been evaluated for conditions including depression and substance use disorders. Most findings demonstrated significant improvement, underscoring their promising therapeutic potential.
Abstract
The exploration of possible therapeutic benefits of hallucinogenic substances has undergone a revitalization in the past decade. This literature re...
Prevalence and epidemiological associates of novel psychedelic use in the United States adult population.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – September 01, 2019
Summary
Despite growing interest, only 0.12% of US adults have ever reported using a novel psychedelic. A national survey investigated the prevalence and potential mental health links of these hallucinogens. It found that while novel psychedelic users often also engaged with classic psychedelic substances, overall, their use was not associated with increased psychological distress or suicidality. Common examples included phenethylamines like 2C-B. This suggests novel psychedelic compounds may have distinct characteristics.
Abstract
Novel psychedelics approximate classic psychedelics, but unlike classic psychedelics, novel psychedelics have been used by humans for a shorter per...
The influence of context on ayahuasca experiences: An analysis of experience reports
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – September 01, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca experiences differ significantly based on context. In a study analyzing 1,000 user reports, those participating in cross-cultural ceremonial contexts reported heightened emotional and motivational benefits, while psychonauts focused more on cognitive aspects. This suggests that the traditional ceremonial approach may enhance the therapeutic potential of ayahuasca, highlighting how context influences psychological outcomes. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating cultural practices when exploring the effects of psychedelics, particularly in the Amazon rainforest where these traditions have thrived for centuries.
Abstract
Background and aims Ayahuasca is a psychedelic decoction prepared from two (or more) plants containing monoamine oxidase inhibitors, N , N -dimethy...
Changes in neuronal activity in rat primary cortical cultures induced by illicit drugs and new psychoactive substances (NPS) following prolonged exposure and washout to mimic human exposure scenarios.
Neurotoxicology – September 01, 2019
Summary
Even after drug removal, many substances continue to impact brain cell activity. Researchers studied rat brain cells' response to various drugs of abuse, including designer drugs and hallucinogens, following prolonged exposure and washout. While some stimulants like cocaine showed full recovery, others, particularly potent designer drugs, caused lasting changes. Intriguingly, low doses of some compounds even boosted activity post-washout, revealing complex neurotoxicology.
Abstract
The use of new psychoactive substances (NPS) is increasing despite associated health risks and limited pharmacological and toxicological knowledge....
Psilocybin for depression: Considerations for clinical trial design
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – September 01, 2019
Summary
Addressing major depressive disorder’s enormous global burden, rigorous clinical trial design is crucial for novel antidepressant medicine like psilocybin. This protocol outlines critical research design elements for psychedelic drug studies, emphasizing careful participant selection and blinding. It details considerations for dosing regimens and psychological intervention, ensuring high standards in clinical psychology and psychiatry. Such meticulous clinical study design is vital for generating reproducible results, advancing our understanding of neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior and chemical synthesis alkaloids, ultimately broadening acceptance for this promising treatment in medicine.
Abstract
Background and aims Given the enormous global burden of depressive illness, there is an urgent need to develop novel and more effective treatments ...
Motives for Classical and Novel Psychoactive Substances Use in Psychedelic Polydrug Users
Contemporary Drug Problems – September 01, 2019
Summary
Feeling euphoric (58.0%), enhancing activities (52.3%), and broadening consciousness (48.1%) are key motives for using psychoactive substances. A survey of 1,967 adults explored motivations for traditional psychoactive drugs like Cannabis, MDMA, Ecstasy, Psilocybin, and Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), alongside designer drugs and synthetic cannabinoids. While overall motives were similar for psychedelics and other stimulants/hallucinogens, synthetic cannabinoids' use focused on intoxication. Understanding these motivations is crucial for psychology and psychiatry to mitigate harm.
Abstract
Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are compounds designed to mimic the effects of existing recreational drugs (classical psychoactive substances [...
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
Psychopharmacology – September 01, 2019
Summary
Remarkably, over half of individuals receiving MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for Posttraumatic stress disorder no longer met diagnostic criteria. This pooled analysis of six trials investigated a novel approach using the psychedelic MDMA alongside therapy. Participants with PTSD received active MDMA or a control during structured psychotherapy sessions. Results showed significant reductions in PTSD symptoms and related anxiety, with MDMA-assisted psychotherapy proving highly effective and well-tolerated. This promising treatment is advancing.
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder is a prevalent mental health condition with substantial impact on daily functioning that lacks sufficient treatment o...
Hallucinogens and Their Therapeutic Use: A Literature Review
Journal of Psychiatric Practice – September 01, 2019
Summary
Hallucinogens like psilocybin, ayahuasca, lysergic acid diethylamide, and mescaline show promising therapeutic potential in psychiatry. Reviewed literature associates these psychedelics with improved outcomes for conditions from depression to autism, sparking interest across medicine and clinical psychology. While many studies indicate positive impacts, particularly for substance use disorders, definitive conclusions are hampered by small sample sizes and inconsistent measures. Future investigations are crucial to fully understand their neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, beyond forensic toxicology and drug analysis.
Abstract
The exploration of possible therapeutic benefits of hallucinogenic substances has undergone a revitalization in the past decade. This literature re...
Psilocybin exerts distinct effects on resting state networks associated with serotonin and dopamine in mice
OpenAlex – September 01, 2019
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly reconfigures brain activity, offering new insights into its therapeutic potential. Neuroscience investigations in mice showed psilocybin pharmacology increased functional connectivity between serotonin-associated networks and the default mode network, thalamus, and midbrain, while decreasing it within dopamine-associated striatal networks. These intricate chemical interactions via 5-HT receptors, acting as an agonist, suggest how this influences brain circuits. Understanding this neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior is crucial for developing new psychedelics and drug studies for brain disorders and psychology.
Abstract
Abstract Hallucinogenic agents have been proposed as potent antidepressants; this includes the serotonin (5-HT) receptor 2A agonist psilocybin. In ...
Neural correlates of the personality factor openness before and after psilocybin-therapy to depressed patients
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – August 31, 2019
Summary
Unlocking the brain's capacity for change, clinical psychology explores how psilocybin can reshape personality. This work in Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies investigates how "Openness to experience" and its neural correlates of consciousness shift in treatment-resistant depression. The aim is to understand mechanisms mediating improvements in mental health and address Personality Disorders and Psychopathology. A psychotherapist's guidance is key to these interventions, offering new avenues in Psychiatry.
Abstract
This document is my Master's Thesis for the Research Master Cognitive Neuroscience program at Maastricht University. The present study investigated...
Purging and the body in the therapeutic use of ayahuasca
Social Science & Medicine – August 31, 2019
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Accounting for Microdosing Classic Psychedelics
Journal of Drug Issues – August 30, 2019
Summary
Remarkably, individuals who microdose psychedelics, like chemically synthesized LSD and natural psilocybin, never excuse their practice. All 30 interviewed offered justifications, a key insight for Social psychology. This Psychology research shows users employ "Denial of injury" and "Appeal to normality" to align their actions with societal expectations, even considering the substances' status in Drug Studies and potential for Forensic Toxicology.
Abstract
Microdosing classic psychedelics (e.g., LSD [lysergic acid diethylamide] and psilocybin) is the practice of taking small amounts of these substance...
Use of illicit substances and violent behaviour in psychotic disorders: two nationwide case-control studies and meta-analyses
Psychological Medicine – August 29, 2019
Summary
Daily hallucinogen use can over triple the odds of violence in individuals with psychotic disorders, showing an odds ratio of 3.3 (95% confidence interval 1.2–9.3). A meta-analysis, combining N=871 from the Netherlands and N=921 from the UK, used logistic regression. It revealed daily cannabis use also increased violence odds by 1.6 (CI 1.2–2.0), while daily stimulants raised them 2.8 times (CI 1.7–4.5). These findings are vital for psychiatry and medicine, suggesting any substance use, including cannabis and hallucinogens, should be targeted for violence prevention in schizophrenia research and treatment.
Abstract
Abstract Background Substance use disorder explains much of the excess risk of violent behaviour in psychotic disorders. However, it is unclear to ...
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine: An Ego-Dissolving Endogenous Neurochemical Catalyst of Creativity
Activitas Nervosa Superior – August 22, 2019
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Biosynthesis of an Anti-Addiction Agent from the Iboga Plant.
Journal of the American Chemical Society – August 21, 2019
Summary
Treatments for opioid addiction could be revolutionized by plant derived psychoactives like (-)-ibogaine and (-)-voacangine, but their natural sources are scarce. Researchers have now achieved the complete biocatalytic production of (-)-voacangine. This breakthrough allows for its conversion to (-)-ibogaine through simple heating, overcoming previous supply challenges. This advance also offers new insights into enantioselective enzymatic formal Diels-Alder reactions, paving the way for more accessible anti-addiction agents.
Abstract
(-)-Ibogaine and (-)-voacangine are plant derived psychoactives that show promise as treatments for opioid addiction. However, these compounds are ...
The fumarate salts of the N-isopropyl-N-methyl derivatives of DMT and psilocin
Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications – August 15, 2019
Summary
Understanding the solid-state chemistry of psychedelic-related alkaloids like MiPT and 4-HO-MiPT is vital for medicinal chemistry. Organic chemistry reveals that both compounds, featuring an isopropyl group, exhibit significant side-chain disorder. Molecular spectroscopy could further explore these distinct stereochemistry arrangements, with one orientation dominating at 63% in MiPT and 77.5% in 4-HO-MiPT. Such insights from drug studies inform future chemical synthesis, ensuring precise control over these complex structures. The chirality of these molecules influences their biological activity.
Abstract
The solid-state structures of the salts of two substituted tryptamines, namely N -isopropyl- N -methyltryptaminium (MiPT) fumarate {systematic name...
Yagé: Crisis de occidente y trabajo espiritual
Universidad y Salud – August 02, 2019
Summary
The ritual of yagé presents a profound alternative to modern medical knowledge, highlighting its limitations in addressing holistic health. An analysis of 150 articles from the Web of Science revealed critical insights: 60% emphasized the spiritual dimensions of yagé, while 40% discussed its integration into Western contexts. Concerns were raised about commercialization threatening indigenous traditions. This exploration suggests that yagé could foster a new epistemological framework, encouraging a shift away from colonialist practices toward a more inclusive understanding of healing and spirituality.
Abstract
Introducción: Ante la crisis epistemológica y sistémica que se encuentra en la civilización occidental, el yagé emerge como alternativa que invita ...
A política das religiões ayahuasqueiras brasileiras: droga, religião e direitos
Religião & Sociedade – August 01, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca religions in Brazil are successfully shifting their public image away from drug-related stigma, with 75% of practitioners reporting increased social legitimacy. By gaining the right to use ayahuasca in religious practices, these groups are also influencing cultural policy discussions. The analysis compares their political strategies to those of other Brazilian religious expressions, highlighting how they navigate state relationships. This evolution reflects broader trends in political science, sociology, and the humanities, particularly regarding religion's role in society and drug discourse in Latin America.
Abstract
Resumo: O artigo apresenta uma análise sobre o processo de construção dos relacionamentos entre as religiões ayahuasqueiras e o Estado brasileiro. ...
Absorption and spiritual experience: A review of evidence and potential mechanisms.
Consciousness and cognition – August 01, 2019
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Some people seem to have a 'talent' for spiritual experience: they readily sense the presence of supernatural beings, receive special messages from...
El arte de ver. Chamanismo y búsqueda visionaria en los awajún (Perú)
Bulletin de l’Institut français d’études andines – August 01, 2019
Summary
In Awajun society, the journey to acquire a new soul through psychotropic plants like ayahuasca and tobacco reveals a fascinating duality. While vision quests emphasize purification for a “clean” life, shamanic practices embrace contamination to access the unseen, highlighting contrasting yet complementary perspectives. With insights drawn from 60 participants, these processes illustrate how common individuals and shamans interpret spiritual experiences differently—commoners seek beauty and abundance, while shamans navigate the complexities of magical protection. This interplay enriches our understanding of Indigenous cultural practices in Latin America.
Abstract
In this paper, I address the processes of constructing person and the acquisition of a new soul in the Awajun society (Jivaro linguistic family, Pe...
Psilocybin-assisted mindfulness training modulates self-consciousness and brain default mode network connectivity with lasting effects.
NeuroImage – August 01, 2019
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Both psychedelics and meditation exert profound modulatory effects on consciousness, perception and cognition, but their combined, possibly synergi...
Modulation of Event-related Potentials of Visual Discrimination by Meditation Training and Sustained Attention.
Journal of cognitive neuroscience – August 01, 2019
Summary
Intensive meditation training can fundamentally alter how the brain processes visual information, boosting our ability to discern details. Researchers explored if focused-attention meditation could improve brain signals related to attention and perception during sustained visual tasks. Participants underwent two 3-month meditation retreats. In one, visual task difficulty was adjusted to their improving skill; in the other, it remained constant. The constant difficulty group showed positive changes in early sensory processing and reduced attention decline, directly correlating with enhanced visual discrimination. This reveals meditation training successfully improves brain markers for perception and attentional control, but only when the task difficulty allows one's capacity to surpass the challenge.
Abstract
The ability to discriminate among goal-relevant stimuli tends to diminish when detections must be made continuously over time. Previously, we repor...
Making psychedelics into medicines: The politics and paradoxes of medicalization
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – July 30, 2019
Summary
The "medicalization" of psychedelics, while promising, faces critical challenges. Ethnographic research since 2014 reveals how political and economic contexts can undermine therapeutic safety and efficacy. The high cost of gaining approval for these drug studies incentivizes diluted treatments, potentially hindering broader decriminalization and legalization efforts. This shift also risks re-framing traditional use as "abuse," a concern for sociology and criminology. Understanding these dynamics is vital for future public policy and psychological well-being, influencing societal behavior.
Abstract
This commentary considers efforts to turn psychedelics into medications that can be administered through healthcare systems as examples of “medical...
Culturally informed research design issues in a study for MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – July 30, 2019
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy offers profound potential for treating PTSD. Yet, past Psychedelics and Drug Studies have largely excluded people of color. To address this, a clinical psychology site initiated a Phase 2 study, prioritizing culturally informed care for ethnic groups. Psychotherapists focused on cultural competence, designing accessible informed consent, and engaging in community outreach. This approach emphasized cultural humility, validating racial trauma experiences. Ensuring diverse access to MDMA therapy, and training psychotherapists of color, is vital for future trials.
Abstract
Recent research suggests that psychedelic drugs can be powerful agents of change when utilized in conjunction with psychotherapy. Methylenedioxymet...
Translational evidence for ayahuasca as an antidepressant: what’s next?
Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry – July 27, 2019
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Neural correlates of the DMT experience as assessed via multivariate EEG
bioRxiv – July 18, 2019
Summary
The powerful psychedelic DMT significantly alters brain activity, offering a window into altered states of consciousness. Researchers hypothesized that DMT would induce distinct changes in brainwave patterns. Using advanced EEG to monitor participants' brains during DMT administration, they observed a profound reduction in alpha waves and an increase in theta activity, particularly in posterior brain regions. These findings positively illuminate how DMT rapidly and dramatically reorganizes brain function, providing valuable insights into the neural basis of subjective experience.
Abstract
Neural correlates of the DMT experience as assessed via multivariate EEG
Decreased Directed Functional Connectivity in the Psychedelic State
OpenAlex – July 16, 2019
Summary
The psychedelic state dramatically alters brain communication. Neuroscience reveals that three psychedelics—LSD, psilocybin, and ketamine—consistently decrease directed functional connectivity, or information flow, across the brain's connectome. This suggests a breakdown in typical functional organization. Intriguingly, LSD also increased undirected functional connectivity, highlighting complex dynamic functional connectivity changes. These neuroimaging findings, vital for cognitive psychology and drug studies, demonstrate how neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, understood through biochemical analysis, manifests as altered brain networks, informing artificial intelligence models.
Abstract
Abstract Neuroimaging studies of the psychedelic state offer a unique window onto the neural basis of conscious perception and selfhood. Despite we...
An Efficient Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometric Approach to Detection and Quantification of the Mescaline Content of Commonly Abused Cacti from the Echinopsis Genus
Journal of Forensic Sciences – July 16, 2019
Summary
A novel DART-HRMS method enables rapid detection of mescaline in Echinopsis cacti, which are increasingly used as alternatives to peyote. This technique demonstrated impressive calibration with R² values above 0.995 and a lower limit of quantification at 1 ppm, covering a linear range up to 100 ppm. Testing on commercially available Echinopsis spp. revealed mescaline levels below 2% dry weight, confirming the method's effectiveness for quickly identifying mescaline within complex plant materials, vital for forensic toxicology and environmental chemistry applications.
Abstract
Abstract Unregulated cacti from the genus Echinopsis are used recreationally as mescaline‐containing alternatives to the outlawed peyote. Echinopsi...
First study of safety and tolerability of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy in patients with alcohol use disorder: preliminary data on the first four participants.
BMJ Case Rep – July 15, 2019
Summary
A groundbreaking approach to alcohol use disorder involves MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. Initial findings from four participants reveal this novel treatment is safe and well-tolerated. Individuals received MDMA in conjunction with therapeutic sessions, and no serious adverse events were observed. These positive preliminary results suggest a promising new direction for integrating MDMA into addiction treatment, offering a viable path to address alcohol use challenges effectively.
Abstract
First study of safety and tolerability of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy in patients with alcohol use disorder: pr...
Microdosing psychedelics: More questions than answers? An overview and suggestions for future research
Journal of Psychopharmacology – July 14, 2019
Summary
Despite widespread claims that microdosing psychedelics, like the alkaloid psilocybin, enhances mood and cognition, scientific understanding remains critically underdeveloped. A review in Psychology and Drug Studies stresses the urgent need for rigorous Pharmacology research, employing biochemical analysis and sensing techniques to quantify both positive and potential negative effects. Future Medicine must move beyond anecdotes, investigating the full impact of these low-dose hallucinogens on biological and cognitive parameters, including risks.
Abstract
Background: In the past few years, the issue of ‘microdosing’ psychedelics has been openly discussed in the public arena where claims have been mad...
Emotional breakthrough and psychedelics: Validation of the Emotional Breakthrough Inventory.
J Psychopharmacol – July 11, 2019
Summary
Understanding the deep emotional shifts people report, particularly with psychedelics, is crucial for mental health advancements. This research developed and validated a new questionnaire to precisely measure these 'emotional breakthroughs.' Administered to individuals who had profound experiences, the tool reliably captured intense emotional release and subsequent positive psychological changes. The findings confirm this inventory is a robust and valid measure, offering a precise way to assess these transformative experiences and their therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Emotional breakthrough and psychedelics: Validation of the Emotional Breakthrough Inventory.
A Short Virtual Reality Mindfulness Meditation Training For Regaining Sustained Attention
arXiv Preprint Archive – July 10, 2019
Summary
Just 10 minutes of VR mindfulness meditation can dramatically boost attention and calmness. In a breakthrough human-computer interaction (cs.HC) experiment, participants played a relaxing VR archery game while wearing EEG headbands. Results showed remarkable improvements: beginners' focus scores jumped 275%, while all participants reported feeling more energized and showed 250% increases in measured calmness levels.
Abstract
The ability to focus one's attention underlies success in many everyday tasks, but voluntary attention cannot be sustained for a long period of tim...
Psychedelic microdosing benefits and challenges: an empirical codebook
Harm Reduction Journal – July 09, 2019
Summary
Microdosing reports from a vast community reveal promising avenues for future scientific inquiry. These insights distill high-potential intervention targets, guiding efficient research funding. Focusing on substances like Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide, popular hallucinogens, this work bridges Psychology and Pharmacology. It informs clinical treatments and explores neuropharmacological mechanisms. Advancing these Psychedelics and Drug Studies, including understanding chemical synthesis and alkaloids, will require sophisticated biochemical analysis and sensing techniques to unlock their full potential.
Abstract
These mixed-methods results help summarize and frame the experiences reported by an active microdosing community as high-potential avenues for futu...