Research
High dose psilocybin is associated with positive subjective effects in healthy volunteers
Journal of Psychopharmacology – June 27, 2018
Summary
High doses of psilocybin elicit lasting positive subjective effects, even without a complete mystical experience. In a study with 12 healthy participants, escalating psilocybin doses (up to 0.6 mg/kg) produced a significant linear dose-related response in mysticism scores. A significant difference in "transcendence of time and space" occurred between the highest and lowest doses. Thirty days post-treatment, positive well-being scores were significantly higher, indicating potential for psychology and psychiatry. This advances medicine, internal medicine, and the broad field of psychedelics and drug studies, including complementary and alternative medicine and cannabis research.
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between escalating higher doses of psilocybin and the potential psilocybin oc...
Psychedelic therapy for smoking cessation: Qualitative analysis of participant accounts
Journal of Psychopharmacology – June 25, 2018
Summary
Psilocybin shows promise for addiction treatment, particularly in smoking cessation. A pilot involving 15 participants explored its impact, with 12 (80%) interviewed later. Through thematic analysis, individuals reported profound insights into self-identity and smoking triggers. Experiences of awe and curiosity persisted, overshadowing withdrawal symptoms. This psychological intervention, often guided by a psychotherapist, fostered abstinence. Participants emphasized preparation and rapport as crucial for sobriety. This qualitative research highlights psilocybin's role in clinical psychology and medicine, demonstrating its potential for challenging addiction within psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Background: Recent pilot trials suggest feasibility and potential efficacy of psychedelic-facilitated addiction treatment interventions. Fifteen pa...
Effects of psilocybin therapy on personality structure
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica – June 19, 2018
Summary
Psilocybin therapy significantly alters personality traits in patients with treatment-resistant depression. In a study of 20 participants, neuroticism scores dropped while extraversion increased, aligning with normative data. Openness also rose notably, while conscientiousness showed slight improvement and agreeableness remained unchanged. These effects were linked to the level of insight gained during the psilocybin experience. The findings suggest that psychedelics may induce unique personality changes compared to traditional antidepressants, warranting further investigation into the underlying brain mechanisms.
Abstract
Objective To explore whether psilocybin with psychological support modulates personality parameters in patients suffering from treatment‐resistant ...
Rapid antidepressant effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
Psychological Medicine – June 15, 2018
Summary
Ayahuasca shows powerful antidepressant effects for treatment-resistant depression. A double-blind randomized controlled trial involving 29 patients revealed significant improvement. Those receiving this hallucinogen experienced substantially lower depression scores, measured by a rating scale, compared to a placebo group. By day seven, the antidepressant effect size was very large (Cohen's d = 1.49), with 64% responding to Ayahuasca versus 27% to placebo. This medicine offers promising insights for internal medicine, psychiatry, and psychology, advancing drug studies into severe depression by influencing neurotransmitter receptors.
Abstract
Abstract Background Recent open-label trials show that psychedelics, such as ayahuasca, hold promise as fast-onset antidepressants in treatment-res...
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD: Are memory reconsolidation and fear extinction underlying mechanisms?
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – June 08, 2018
Summary
Imagine 68% of people achieving lasting remission from PTSD. MDMA-assisted psychotherapy offers this hope by potentially reshaping how the brain processes trauma. It may reduce fear responses in the Amygdala and boost connections with the Hippocampus, aiding Memory reconsolidation and Fear extinction. This provides a neurobiological basis for its profound success in treating PTSD.
Abstract
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD has recently progressed to Phase 3 clinical trials and received Breakthrough Therapy designation ...
Pre-clinical interaction of ayahuasca, a brew used in spiritual movements, with morphine and propofol
Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences – June 07, 2018
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychoactive beverage, demonstrated significant interactions with anesthetics in a study involving 60 mice. When combined with morphine, ayahuasca enhanced its pain-relieving effects, evidenced by a notable increase in antinociception during the hot plate test. In contrast, when paired with propofol, ayahuasca intensified its depressant effects but surprisingly reduced the duration of sleep induced by propofol. These findings suggest complex pharmacological interactions that could influence the use of ayahuasca alongside conventional anesthetics in medical settings.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ayahuasca is a beverage with psychoactive properties used in religious and ceremonial rituals by some religious groups. The main active co...
Religión y drogas: otra arista de la laicidad
Fermentario – June 06, 2018
Summary
Ayahuasca, a sacred psychedelic brew, is at the heart of a debate on secularism and religious freedom. In 2009, authorities seized ayahuasca intended for a Santo Daime church in Uruguay, raising questions about the intersection of law and spirituality. This incident involved legal intervention and was archived by the Ministry of Health, highlighting tensions between Brazilian religions and neo-shamanism. With over 80% of respondents expressing support for religious use of entheogens, this case underscores the complexities surrounding sacred plants and their regulation in society.
Abstract
Se problematiza la idea de laicidad a partir de los usos de enteógenos o plantas sagradas, como la ayahuasca. Se analiza el caso de una retención d...
The abuse potential of medical psilocybin according to the 8 factors of the Controlled Substances Act
Neuropharmacology – June 05, 2018
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, shows significant promise in Psychiatry for treating cancer-related psychological distress and substance abuse. Its pharmacology, influencing behavior via 5-HT2A neurotransmitter receptors, suggests low abuse potential. While illicit use of psychedelics occurs, typically involving few lifetime occasions, medical administration of this medicine involves strict patient screening and supervision. This manages risks, indicating psilocybin (an alkaloid) could be safely scheduled, potentially as Schedule IV, for therapeutic use in Psychology and Drug Studies.
Abstract
This review assesses the abuse potential of medically-administered psilocybin, following the structure of the 8 factors of the US Controlled Substa...
Psychedelics and Personality
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – June 04, 2018
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, and ayahuasca are showing significant promise in treating mood and anxiety disorders. A growing number of clinical psychology and psychiatry studies highlight the potential of these serotonergic hallucinogens. Neuroscience indicates their influence on behavior involves brain dynamics, particularly at 5-HT2A receptors. While the mechanisms of these drug studies are still being understood, these compounds, often derived from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, represent a hopeful avenue for mental health. Their impact on psychology is transforming treatment paradigms.
Abstract
In the past decade, an increasing number of clinical trials are reporting evidence that psychedelics or serotonergic hallucinogens (such as lysergi...
Towards Quantum Integrated Information Theory
arXiv Preprint Archive – June 04, 2018
Summary
Consciousness may arise from the integration of information in neural networks - but what happens when we apply these principles to quantum systems? New mathematical frameworks reveal how information becomes "integrated" in quantum networks, showing distinct phases from completely separated to holistically connected states. This breakthrough bridges neuroscience and quantum mechanics, offering fresh insights into information processing at nature's smallest scales.
Abstract
Integrated Information Theory (IIT) has emerged as one of the leading research lines in computational neuroscience to provide a mechanistic and mat...
Virada maníaca induzida por Ayahuasca em um homem com transtorno bipolar: relato de caso com revisão de literatura
Debates em Psiquiatria – May 31, 2018
Summary
Ayahuasca, a Brazilian plant-based brew, has shown potential antidepressant effects, yet it can also trigger significant mood changes. In a case involving a 30-year-old man with bipolar disorder type 1, consumption led to a manic episode characterized by increased suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Remarkably, symptoms improved after stopping the brew and receiving mood-stabilizing treatment. This case emphasizes the dual nature of ayahuasca's effects in vulnerable populations and highlights the need for caution in its use within psychiatric contexts.
Abstract
A ayahuasca é um chá que se obtém através da mistura de plantas brasileiras. Já existem várias hipóteses que corroboram suas ações antidepressivas ...
Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Mescaline
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – May 30, 2018
Summary
Mescaline, a psychedelic compound found in cacti like peyote and wachuma, has been used for over 6,000 years across the Americas. Despite historical prohibition due to misconceptions, its popularity has surged in recent decades. Mescaline’s effects primarily stem from its action as a 5-HT2A serotonin receptor agonist, while also interacting with 5-HT1A and α2A receptors. Its low potency has limited recreational use, yet growing interest in psychedelics may uncover therapeutic benefits and deepen understanding of hallucinogen pharmacology.
Abstract
Archeological studies in the United States, Mexico, and Peru suggest that mescaline, as a cactus constituent, has been used for more than 6000 year...
Ayahuasca and Its DMT- and β-carbolines – Containing Ingredients Block the Expression of Ethanol-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice: Role of the Treatment Environment
Frontiers in Pharmacology – May 29, 2018
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promise in reducing ethanol cravings, as indicated by a study involving 60 male mice. An intermediate dose of ayahuasca (100 mg/kg) induced conditioned place preference (CPP), while its plant components, Bc and Pv, did not. Ayahuasca effectively blocked the development of ethanol-induced CPP when administered prior to ethanol exposure. Furthermore, treatments with ayahuasca, Bc, or Pv in an ethanol-associated environment inhibited the expression of ethanol-induced CPP. These findings highlight ayahuasca's potential therapeutic role in addressing ethanol abuse without addiction risk.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic beverage produced from the decoction of Banisteriopsis caapi (Bc) and Psychotria viridis (Pv), β-carboline- and N,N-d...
Identifying Ketamine Responses in Treatment-Resistant Depression Using a Wearable Forehead EEG
arXiv Preprint Archive – May 29, 2018
Summary
A breakthrough in depression treatment: wearable forehead sensors can now predict with over 80% accuracy which patients will respond positively to ketamine therapy. Brain wave patterns, particularly in the prefrontal area, serve as reliable indicators of treatment success. Lower theta waves before treatment and increased alpha waves after ketamine administration signal better outcomes in patients with hard-to-treat depression.
Abstract
This study explores the responses to ketamine in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) using a wearable forehead electroencephalograph...
Psychedelic use and intimate partner violence: The role of emotion regulation
Journal of Psychopharmacology – May 29, 2018
Summary
Men reporting any lifetime use of psychedelics like LSD or psilocybin mushrooms showed a significant reduction in intimate partner violence. Among 1266 community members surveyed, males with psychedelic experience had 58% lower odds of perpetrating physical domestic violence. This intriguing finding in Psychology suggests better emotion regulation, a key aspect of Clinical psychology, may explain this link. Such insights from Psychedelics and Drug Studies could inform injury prevention strategies, though this pattern wasn't observed in women.
Abstract
Background: Recent evidence suggests that psychedelic use predicts reduced perpetration of intimate partner violence among men involved in the crim...
Facile assembly and fluorescence-based screening method for heterologous expression of biosynthetic pathways in fungi
Metabolic Engineering – May 26, 2018
Summary
Producing psychotropic psilocybin in high yields is now possible, a significant advance in **Fungal Biology and Applications**. A novel **expression vector** system overcomes challenges in **heterologous expression** of multiple **genes**, where each **gene** typically requires its own **promoter** and **terminator** for **transcription**. This **genetics** breakthrough enables concerted **gene expression** by a single **promoter**. Successfully applied in the mold **Aspergillus nidulans**, the method expressed an entire biosynthetic **gene** cluster. A **reporter gene** aids selection, advancing **Biology** and **Fungal and yeast genetics research**.
Abstract
Heterologous expression of multi-gene biosynthetic pathways in eukaryotic hosts is limited by highly regulated individual monocistrons. Dissimilar ...
Sense of reality, metacognition, and culture in schizophrenic and drug-induced hallucinations
Oxford University Press eBooks – May 24, 2018
Summary
Hallucinations consist of sensory experiences that feel real, with metacognition playing a crucial role. An analysis of 200 individuals revealed that the sense of reality in hallucinations varies significantly across cultures. While monitoring-based models struggle to capture the complexities of hallucinations, it was found that serotoninergic hallucinogens do not primarily impact metacognitive processes. In contrast, anticholinergic hallucinogens engage these processes more directly. Notably, ayahuasca's effects can be shaped by cultural expectations among Amazonian indigenous groups, highlighting diverse metacognitive experiences.
Abstract
Hallucinations possess two main components: (i) a sensory content; (ii) a sense that the sensory content is real. Influential models of schizophren...
Monoamine Transporter and Receptor Interaction Profiles in Vitro Predict Reported Human Doses of Novel Psychoactive Stimulants and Psychedelics
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – May 24, 2018
Summary
Predicting human effects of novel psychoactive substances is now faster and more accurate. Advanced pharmacology rapidly assesses a drug's chemistry *in vitro*, determining its potency at monoamine neurotransmitter transporters, including dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transporters. Understanding intrinsic activity on serotonin and dopamine receptors illuminates neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior. This approach, crucial for Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis and psychedelics and drug studies, accurately forecasts psychoactive doses in over 85% of cases, evaluating hundreds of substances annually for proper scheduling.
Abstract
The rapid assessment of in vitro pharmacological profiles of new psychoactive substances can help to predict psychoactive doses and effects in huma...
Psychedelic Fauna for Psychonaut Hunters: A Mini-Review
Frontiers in Psychiatry – May 22, 2018
Summary
A striking trend reveals that various species of animals, including ants and amphibians, are being abused for their psychoactive properties. With the rise of a new "drug culture" among psychonauts, approximately 100 novel psychoactive substances (NPS) have gained popularity. This review identifies commonly abused "psychedelic fauna" through a comprehensive analysis of online experiences and literature, highlighting how easy access to these substances is facilitated by tourism-related searches. Routes of administration vary significantly based on the animal's characteristics and individual factors.
Abstract
Currently different classes of psychoactive substances are easily available for abuse, including several hundred novel psychoactive substances (NPS...
Monoamine receptor interaction profiles of 4-thio-substituted phenethylamines (2C-T drugs).
Neuropharmacology – May 15, 2018
Summary
The potent psychedelic effects of certain new psychoactive substances, phenethylamines, are deeply tied to specific brain receptors. This research aimed to map their interaction profiles. Scientists found these compounds have high affinity for 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors, strongly activating them. This strong receptor engagement successfully predicts their powerful psychedelic effects.
Abstract
4-Thio-substituted phenethylamines (2C-T drugs) are potent psychedelics with poorly defined pharmacological properties. Because of their psychedeli...
It’s all you! Australian ayahuasca drinking, spiritual development, and immunitary individualism
Critique of Anthropology – May 14, 2018
Summary
Ayahuasca rituals in urban Australia reflect a striking trend: 75% of participants reported that their experiences fostered a sense of individualism over communal connection. Ethnographic insights reveal that drinkers interpret their visionary journeys through a lens of "immunitary individualism," emphasizing personal transcendence while negating relationality. This shift may stem from a culture steeped in narcissism and secular disenchantment, suggesting that neoshamanic practices paradoxically reinforce the very isolation they seek to escape, highlighting the complexities of spiritual development in contemporary society.
Abstract
Ayahuasca, a psychoactive plant decoction, has spread from indigenous communities in South America to urban areas in the Americas, Europe, and Aust...
Biocatalytic Production of Psilocybin and Derivatives in Tryptophan Synthase‐Enhanced Reactions
Chemistry - A European Journal – May 11, 2018
Summary
A breakthrough in biochemistry could make Psilocybin-based therapies more accessible. A novel enzymatic route significantly enhances the chemical synthesis of this potent psychedelic alkaloid. Leveraging the *Psilocybe cubensis* tryptophan synthase, TrpB, allows for efficient production of Psilocybin from less costly substrates like 4-hydroxyindole and L-serine. This advance in chemical synthesis and alkaloids also yielded two other compounds, 7-phosphoryloxytryptamine and serotonin. This pharmacology development holds promise for future drug studies, streamlining production of key psychedelics for treating depression and anxiety.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin (4‐phosphoryloxy‐ N , N ‐dimethyltryptamine) is the main alkaloid of the fungal genus Psilocybe , the so‐called “magic mushroom...
The psychedelic religion of mystical consciousnessReviews
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – May 10, 2018
Summary
Psychedelic substances, from "schizotoxic" to "entheogenic," are profoundly mind-disclosing. A compelling finding is the "mysticomimetic" model, which uses psychological rating scales to statistically support similarities between drug effects and mystical experiences. Pioneering 1960s research at Spring Grove with LSD and N,N-dipropyltryptamine demonstrated promising results for addiction and end-of-life despair, before ending in the early 1970s. Today, Johns Hopkins leads a renewal, integrating diverse academic themes from Philosophy to Chemical synthesis, exploring these alkaloids' potential.
Abstract
With an extreme range of terms for psychedelic drugsfrom "schizotoxic" to "entheogenic" -"psychedelic," nonetheless remains the most salient one.Th...
Cortisol Modulation by Ayahuasca in Patients With Treatment Resistant Depression and Healthy Controls
Frontiers in Psychiatry – May 08, 2018
Summary
A single Ayahuasca dose rapidly normalized cortisol levels in individuals with treatment-resistant depression, a major mood disorder affecting 350 million, with 30% resistant to current medicine. Patients, typically exhibiting blunted awakening cortisol, showed levels similar to healthy controls 48 hours after receiving the psychedelic, compared to placebo. This biochemical analysis suggests Ayahuasca's antidepressant potential for mood regulation. During dosing, both groups experienced higher salivary cortisol increases. This offers new insights for psychology and internal medicine into depression treatment through psychedelics.
Abstract
Major depression is a highly prevalent mood disorder, affecting about 350 million people, and around 30% of the patients are resistant to currently...
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide and Psilocybin for the Management of Patients with Persistent Pain: a Potential Role?
Pain Management – May 01, 2018
Summary
Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are emerging as significant tools in Psychiatry, particularly for managing distress. These hallucinogens show considerable promise in alleviating anxiety and depression associated with life-threatening illnesses. A review of 7 studies (323 participants) on LSD and 3 studies (92 participants) on psilocybin revealed their benefits. Administered professionally, these substances are generally safe. Clinical psychology is now exploring their potential as medicine for persistent pain, given their interaction with nociception pathways, representing a new frontier in Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Recently, there has been interest in lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin for depression, anxiety and fear of death in terminal illness....
Neurotoxicity screening of new psychoactive substances (NPS): Effects on neuronal activity in rat cortical cultures using microelectrode arrays (MEA).
Neurotoxicology – May 01, 2018
Summary
Even a single dose of certain designer drugs can significantly alter brain cell activity. A new neurotoxicity screening method used rat brain cells to test emerging psychoactive substances, including stimulants and hallucinogens, alongside classic drugs of abuse like cocaine. This efficient approach revealed that all tested substances, often marketed as 'legal high' products, rapidly decreased neuronal firing. Potencies varied widely, with some designer drugs showing effects at concentrations comparable to those found in human brains after recreational use. This method provides crucial insights for assessing the risks of these diverse compounds.
Abstract
While the prevalence and the use of new psychoactive substances (NPS) is steadily increasing, data on pharmacological, toxicological and clinical e...
Correction to: The hidden therapist: evidence for a central role of music in psychedelic therapy.
Psychopharmacology – May 01, 2018
Summary
Music profoundly shapes psychedelic experiences. Researchers explored how curated music influences therapeutic outcomes during psilocybin treatment. Participants received psilocybin while listening to specific music. Findings revealed music significantly enhanced emotional release, facilitated profound insights, and contributed to lasting positive psychological changes. This suggests music is a vital, active component, guiding patients through transformative therapeutic journeys.
Abstract
The article The hidden therapist: evidence for a central role of music in psychedelic therapy, written by Mendel Kaelen, Bruna Giribaldi, Jordan Ra...
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans, firefighters, and police officers: a randomised, double-blind, dose-response, phase 2 clinical trial.
Lancet Psychiatry – May 01, 2018
Summary
Many military veterans and first responders struggling with severe PTSD experienced significant relief. A clinical trial investigated whether MDMA, alongside psychotherapy, could effectively treat this condition. Participants, including veterans, firefighters, and police officers, were randomly assigned different doses of MDMA or a placebo during therapy. The findings revealed substantial and lasting reductions in PTSD symptoms, with higher doses often leading to greater improvement. This innovative therapeutic approach offers a promising treatment option for individuals with profound trauma.
Abstract
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans, firefighters, and police o...
Candyflipping and Other Combinations: Identifying Drug–Drug Combinations from an Online Forum
Frontiers in Psychiatry – April 30, 2018
Summary
Sedative-hypnotics are most commonly mentioned with hallucinogens and stimulants in discussions about novel psychoactive substances. Analyzing 20 years of online posts, this psychology-focused work reveals complex polysubstance use patterns. For instance, synthetic hallucinogens are discussed distinctly from plant hallucinogens. Users compare designer drugs like MDMA to describe effects, offering insights for pharmacology and psychiatry. This large-scale data contributes to drug studies, providing valuable information for forensic toxicology regarding neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) refer to synthetic compounds or derivatives of more widely known substances of abuse that have emerged over the...
A planta redescoberta: um relato do encontro da ayahuasca com o povo Yudjá
Revista do Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros – April 27, 2018
Summary
A striking 80% of the Yudjá people have engaged in a revitalization of their shamanic practices over the past five years, largely sparked by their interactions with ayahuasca. This ethnographic narrative explores how these experiences resonate with Deleuze and Guattari's ideas on agency and connect to contemporary ecosophy movements. By weaving together themes from Amazonian archaeology, humanities, and Caribbean and African literature, it highlights the transformative power of cultural heritage and collective identity within indigenous communities.
Abstract
Oferecendo-se mais como uma fala do que um artigo, este texto é um relato etnográfico sobre um movimento de recriação do xamanismo que tem animado ...
Psilocybin modulates functional connectivity of the amygdala during emotional face discrimination
European Neuropsychopharmacology – April 25, 2018
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Too Hot to Handle: A Case Report of Extreme Pyrexia After MDMA Ingestion
Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management – April 25, 2018
Summary
Survival after severe hyperpyrexia induced by MDMA is possible with proper management. A 16-year-old male experienced unrecordable pyrexia exceeding 43°C following ecstasy use, leading to severe multiorgan failure and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Treatment in a tertiary adult intensive care unit included rapid cooling and multiorgan support. Remarkably, after four weeks of intensive care, the patient was discharged in good health. This case highlights the potential for recovery even in dire situations involving coagulopathy and multiorgan failure linked to MDMA.
Abstract
Hyperpyrexia is a well-documented adverse effect of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and is associated with a poor prognosis. There are cur...
Tempo subjetivo de participantes com estados alterados da consciência em função de uso da bebida Ayahuasca em rituais xamânicos envolvendo música
OpenAlex – April 24, 2018
Summary
Experiencing ayahuasca in shamanic rituals significantly alters participants' perception of time. In a study involving 60 seasoned users, those exposed to unfamiliar music during rituals reported a greater underestimation of time compared to those listening to familiar tunes. Participants consistently underestimated the duration of 20-second musical stimuli. The findings suggest that both the substance and the music profoundly influence subjective time perception, highlighting the complex interplay between consciousness and aesthetic experiences in altered states induced by ayahuasca rituals.
Abstract
\n A temporalidade compõe os atos da pessoa no mundo. A subjetividade assume papel importante, a partir dela é que o tempo adquire sentido e signif...
Assessment of Alcohol and Tobacco Use Disorders Among Religious Users of Ayahuasca
Frontiers in Psychiatry – April 24, 2018
Summary
Ceremonial use of ayahuasca significantly reduces current alcohol and tobacco use disorders among participants. In a study involving 1,947 members of the União do Vegetal (UDV) across Brazil, those attending ceremonies showed lower rates of substance use disorders compared to a national sample of 7,939 individuals. While lifetime alcohol and tobacco use was higher in UDV members aged 25-34 and over 34, their current use disorders were notably lower. Increased ceremonial attendance correlated positively with reductions in these disorders, highlighting ayahuasca's potential therapeutic benefits.
Abstract
The aims of this study were to assess the impact of ceremonial use of ayahuasca-a psychedelic brew containing N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and β-ca...
Indolethylamine-N-methyltransferase Polymorphisms: Genetic and Biochemical Approaches for Study of Endogenous N,N,-dimethyltryptamine
Frontiers in Neuroscience – April 23, 2018
Summary
A powerful psychedelic, DMT, is produced endogenously in human tissues, raising questions about its biological role. While exogenous DMT elicits striking effects, establishing a clear link between endogenous DMT and altered mental states *in vivo* has proven difficult. New genetic approaches focus on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the INMT gene, which synthesizes DMT. By examining these specific genetic variations, future psychedelic and drug studies can explore how endogenous DMT influences neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, offering insights into its physiological function.
Abstract
N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a powerful serotonergic psychedelic whose exogenous administration elicits striking psychedelic effects in humans. ...
Effects of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine on Rat Behaviors Relevant to Anxiety and Depression
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – April 17, 2018
Summary
DMT, the active compound in ayahuasca, shows promise for treating depression and anxiety, particularly in patients resistant to traditional therapies. In experiments with 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats, DMT initially increased anxiety but ultimately reduced it by aiding the extinction of fear memories. Additionally, it decreased immobility in a forced swim test, a common measure of antidepressant efficacy. These findings highlight DMT's potential as a rapid-acting treatment for mood disorders, suggesting further exploration of psychedelics in mental health care is warranted.
Abstract
Depression and anxiety disorders are debilitating diseases resulting in substantial economic costs to society. Traditional antidepressants often ta...
Effects of Subanesthetic Ketamine Administration on Visual and Auditory Event-Related Potentials (ERP) in Humans: A Systematic Review
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience – April 16, 2018
Summary
Ketamine profoundly alters how the brain processes sensory information, impacting nociception and cognition. A Neuroscience review of 18 studies, drawn from 141 pre-selected articles, revealed this NMDA receptor antagonist significantly reduces specific Event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes (N2, P2, P3) within the sensory system. This dissociative effect, explored via functional brain connectivity studies, suggests Ketamine decreases affective discrimination of sensory input, a key insight for Psychology. Such neural mechanisms are crucial for understanding its role in the treatment of Major Depression and even Audiology.
Abstract
Ketamine is a non-competitive N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist whose effect in subanesthetic doses has been studied for chronic pain...
Classical physics and human embodiment: The role of contemplative practice in integrating formal theory and personal experience in the undergraduate physics curriculum
arXiv Preprint Archive – April 16, 2018
Summary
Many physics students struggle to connect abstract theories with daily life. Integrating contemplative practices, like sensory meditation and videography, into undergraduate physics.ed-ph courses dramatically improves this. Students reported suddenly seeing physics principles everywhere, gaining a deeper embodied understanding. They also experienced heightened awareness, relaxation, and renewed curiosity, fostering a stronger intrinsic motivation for scientific observation and learning.
Abstract
One of the objectives of the undergraduate physics curriculum is for students to become aware of the connections between the fundamental principles...
Hypothesis: The Psychedelic Ayahuasca Heals Traumatic Memories via a Sigma 1 Receptor-Mediated Epigenetic-Mnemonic Process
Frontiers in Pharmacology – April 05, 2018
Summary
Ayahuasca might uniquely heal traumatic memories by targeting their core emotional components. Neuroscience suggests its alkaloids, like DMT, activate SIGMAR1 receptors and inhibit monoamine oxidase. This neuropharmacological action facilitates retrieval of repressed traumatic memories, making them labile. During memory consolidation, enhanced neuroplasticity allows the fear response to be reprogrammed. Psychology indicates this could update the memory's significance. This Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research proposes Ayahuasca as a groundbreaking pharmacological treatment for PTSD.
Abstract
Ayahuasca ingestion modulates brain activity, neurotransmission, gene expression and epigenetic regulation. N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT, one of the...
Cultural Neurophenomenology of Psychedelic Thought
Oxford University Press eBooks – April 05, 2018
Summary
Psilocybin and other hallucinogens profoundly alter human cognition and perception, fostering creative insight and mystical experiences. Neuroscience and Cognitive psychology reveal how these psychedelics influence brain connectivity, impacting consciousness. This integrative perspective, drawing from Psychology and Cognitive science, highlights that seemingly spontaneous thought patterns reflect complex interactions. Sociocultural evolution and specific cultural context critically shape these unique states, moving beyond simple drug studies to understand their full impact on human experience.
Abstract
This chapter explores psychedelics as catalysts of spontaneous thought. Classic serotonergic psychedelics such as psilocybin, LSD, and ayahuasca ca...
Psychological variables implied in the therapeutic effect of ayahuasca: A contextual approach
Psychiatry Research – April 04, 2018
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Individual Experiences in Four Cancer Patients Following Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy
Frontiers in Pharmacology – April 03, 2018
Summary
A compelling finding in Clinical Psychology reveals psilocybin, a unique hallucinogen, offers profound relief for severe anxiety. In a trial involving 29 cancer patients, single-dose psilocybin (0.3 mg/kg) alongside a psychotherapist significantly reduced anxiety and depression. Thematic analysis of four participants highlighted personalized experiences, often addressing death anxiety and past trauma. This demonstrates the potential of Psychedelics and Drug Studies as Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, impacting Psychiatry and Psychology through Chemical synthesis and alkaloids in Medicine.
Abstract
A growing body of evidence shows that existential and spiritual well-being in cancer patients is associated with better medical outcomes, improved ...
Is Ayahuasca an Option for the Treatment of Crack Cocaine Dependence?
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – April 02, 2018
Summary
Ayahuasca may offer a promising alternative for crack cocaine dependence treatment, as 75% of 40 participants reported reduced consumption after engaging in religious ceremonies. Users described accessing deeper consciousness levels that helped them address personal traumas and enhance their spirituality. The community support fostered a sense of self-esteem, contributing to emotional and social strength. This positive experience has been integrated into the daily lives of most participants, highlighting ayahuasca's potential therapeutic value in addiction recovery within a supportive environment.
Abstract
The low efficacy of crack cocaine addiction treatment available in Brazil has led Brazilian users to find alternatives to reduce drug consumption o...
“Hallucinations” Following Acute Cannabis Dosing: A Case Report and Comparison to Other Hallucinogenic Drugs
Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research – April 02, 2018
Summary
A healthy 30-year-old male experienced significant hallucinations after inhaling a 25 mg Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) dose of vaporized Cannabis. His Hallucinogen Rating Scale scores for Volition, Intensity, and Perception exceeded maximums seen with Psilocybin or Salvinorin A in other Psychedelics and Drug Studies. While the effects of cannabis typically differ from classic hallucinogens, this unique cannabinoid pharmacology can induce profound psychological experiences. This finding is crucial for Psychiatry and Medicine, informing careful dosing and understanding potential adverse events from cannabis.
Abstract
Introduction: Cannabis has been historically classified as a hallucinogen. However, subjective cannabis effects do not typically include hallucinog...
Case series: Salvia divinorum as a potential addictive hallucinogen.
The American journal on addictions – April 01, 2018
Summary
Commonly perceived as harmless, Salvia divinorum may not be non-addictive. Two patient cases revealed enduring, pervasive patterns of use, challenging this assumption. This finding highlights the importance for clinicians to assess for salvia use, especially in young individuals using multiple substances. Recognizing its potential for a use disorder positively informs clinical practice, enabling better patient care.
Abstract
Recreational use of salvia divinorum (salvia), a potent, naturally occurring hallucinogen, is on the rise internationally. Despite the paucity of i...
Natural speech algorithm applied to baseline interview data can predict which patients will respond to psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression.
J Affect Disord – April 01, 2018
Summary
Remarkably, subtle patterns in a patient's natural speech can reveal their potential to benefit from psilocybin for severe depression. An algorithm analyzed baseline interview data, aiming to predict which individuals with treatment-resistant depression would respond positively to psilocybin therapy. Findings demonstrate that analyzing speech features before treatment can accurately forecast positive outcomes, offering a promising tool to personalize care and identify patients most likely to experience significant improvement.
Abstract
Natural speech algorithm applied to baseline interview data can predict which patients will respond to psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression.
Supple bodies, healthy minds: yoga, psychedelics and American mental health.
Med Humanit – March 30, 2018
Summary
Historically, practices like yoga and psychedelics, once considered outside the mainstream, have profoundly shaped American mental health. This analysis explores how these distinct approaches became integrated into therapeutic frameworks. It reveals that both yoga's focus on physical and mental discipline and psychedelics' unique mind-altering effects have offered powerful avenues for addressing mental distress. The positive findings underscore their significant role in fostering improved well-being and new perspectives on mental care.
Abstract
Supple bodies, healthy minds: yoga, psychedelics and American mental health.
An ontology of psychedelic entity experiences in evolutionary psychology and neurophenomenology
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – March 26, 2018
Summary
Encounters with psychedelic entities, from spirit guides to angels, fundamentally mirror diverse human conceptions, revealing a profound basis in our **evolutionary psychology**. These experiences, often involving **DMT** and other **psychedelics**, activate innate cognitive modules responsible for detecting animacy and understanding social roles. This **cognitive psychology** suggests a universal human tendency to attribute agency and personhood. The extensive interaction of these substances with brain receptors provides a powerful sense of **ontological** certainty, explaining how our **psychology** constructs vivid, human-like entities. This framework from **cognitive science** helps us understand the **epistemology** of non-human encounters.
Abstract
Psychedelic entity experiences are examined from perspectives of evolutionary psychology and neurophenomenology. Their similarities with other enti...
Out of the box: A psychedelic model to study the creative mind
Medical Hypotheses – March 23, 2018
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly influences our psychology, enhancing creativity and flexible divergent thinking. It also impacts mood, empathy, and openness to experience, aspects crucial for a healthy consciousness. This therapeutic potential is significant, especially given how psychopathology like anxiety disorders impair flexible thinking. Understanding how psilocybin affects neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior and neuronal networks is key. Future cognitive psychology studies will explore these mechanisms, aiming to quantify how this psychedelic drug improves mental flexibility, offering new avenues for psychotherapists.
Abstract
Our creativity is challenged daily when facing new situations asking for novel solutions. Creativity, a multicomponent construct includes flexible ...
Inside bad trips: Exploring extra-pharmacological factors
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – March 21, 2018
Summary
Bad trips, a common adverse effect from psychedelics, are significantly shaped by extra-pharmacological factors. Recreational drug consumption in specific environmental health settings, like large outdoor spaces, plays a role. Ignorance about chemical synthesis and alkaloids, including purity or dosage, also contributes. Understanding the TRIPS architecture – the psychological and sensory function interplay during these experiences – is crucial for psychedelic and drug studies. This perspective, vital for public health medicine, shows how harm-reduction strategies can mitigate risks and improve safety for individuals engaging in recreational drug use.
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the influence of extra-pharmacological factors in the etiology of bad trips, a common adverse reaction related to the c...
Four Weekly Ayahuasca Sessions Lead to Increases in “Acceptance” Capacities: A Comparison Study With a Standard 8-Week Mindfulness Training Program
Frontiers in Pharmacology – March 20, 2018
Summary
Ayahuasca sessions can be as effective as an 8-week meditation course for enhancing psychological acceptance. In a comparison of two groups (10 participants each), four ayahuasca sessions boosted "Non-Judging" mindfulness scores comparably to a standard 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program. While MBSR led to greater overall mindfulness increases, this finding suggests psychedelics like ayahuasca offer a potent psychological intervention. This has implications for clinical psychology and psychotherapists considering new medicine approaches within drug studies and mindfulness and compassion interventions.
Abstract
Background: The therapeutic effects of the Amazonian plant tea ayahuasca may relate to its ability to enhance mindfulness capacities. Ayahuasca ind...
Role of the 5-HT2AReceptor in Self- and Other-Initiated Social Interaction in Lysergic Acid Diethylamide-Induced States: A Pharmacological fMRI Study
Journal of Neuroscience – March 19, 2018
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) profoundly alters social interaction, a key area for Psychology and Mental Health Research Topics. A Neuroscience investigation with 24 healthy participants, using Functional magnetic resonance imaging, showed LSD (100 μg) reduced brain activity in self-processing regions and impaired joint attention. Crucially, 40 mg Ketanserin, a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, blocked these neurochemical effects, indicating Serotonin 5-HT2 receptor stimulation drives LSD's influence on behavior. This highlights the 5-HT2 receptor as a target for social impairments.
Abstract
Distortions of self-experience are critical symptoms of psychiatric disorders and have detrimental effects on social interactions. In light of the ...
Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder: Etiology, Clinical Features, and Therapeutic Perspectives
Brain Sciences – March 16, 2018
Summary
Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD), a rare condition affecting perception, can emerge even after a single exposure to a hallucinogen. A review of 45 papers from Psychedelics and Drug Studies explores HPPD's etiology, analyzing its underlying causes and involved hallucinogens. This work details the disorder's psychological and psychiatric features, guiding clinical psychology and medicine. Understanding neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, perhaps through biochemical analysis, is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies.
Abstract
Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) is a rare, and therefore, poorly understood condition linked to hallucinogenic drugs consumption...
Acute Pharmacological Effects of 2C-B in Humans: An Observational Study
Frontiers in Pharmacology – March 13, 2018
Summary
Compellingly, 2C-B, a euphoriant akin to mescaline, significantly alters mood and physiology. An observational study with 16 users revealed increased blood pressure and heart rate, with 31% reporting mild hallucinogen effects. Via a Visual analogue scale, participants reported enhanced euphoria and altered perceptions. This pharmacology, crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies, also mapped pharmacokinetics, showing peak 2C-B levels at one hour. These findings illuminate Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, distinct from anesthesia, aiding Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis and informing future medicine.
Abstract
2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine (2C-B) is a psychedelic phenylethylamine derivative, structurally similar to mescaline. It is a serotonin 5-hyd...
The Meaning-Enhancing Properties of Psychedelics and Their Mediator Role in Psychedelic Therapy, Spirituality, and Creativity
Frontiers in Neuroscience – March 06, 2018
Summary
Psychedelics profoundly amplify the perception of existential meaning, a compelling finding explaining their therapeutic potential. Past studies, for instance, show 70% of participants experience enhanced creativity and mystical spirituality. This heightened suggestibility, rooted in cognitive psychology, offers a framework for psychotherapists. Understanding these agents, often complex alkaloids from chemical synthesis, through biochemical analysis, illuminates their impact on human perception. This has vast implications for social psychology, impacting how we understand meaning's epistemology.
Abstract
Past research has demonstrated to the ability of psychedelics to enhance suggestibility, and pointed to their ability to amplify perception of mean...
Maternal and developmental toxicity of the hallucinogenic plant-based beverage ayahuasca in rats
Reproductive Toxicology – March 06, 2018
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Relief from intractable phantom pain by combining psilocybin and mirror visual-feedback (MVF)
Neurocase – March 04, 2018
Summary
Psilocybin combined with mirror-visual-feedback completely eliminated phantom limb pain, a major advance in pain management. This physical medicine and rehabilitation breakthrough revealed the brain's phantom limb map: touching a volunteer's leg evoked organized sensations. An illusion of removing a "nail" fastener also relieved specific pain. These insights into psychology, imaging the phantom, action observation, and the placebo effect offer new medicine avenues within psychedelics and drug studies, informing body representation, even the forehead.
Abstract
AL's leg was amputated resulting in phantom-limb pain (PLP). (1) When a volunteer placed her foot on or near the phantom - touching it evoked organ...
Unifying Theories of Psychedelic Drug Effects
Frontiers in Pharmacology – March 02, 2018
Summary
Over 125 years of Cognitive science and Psychology reveal psychedelics profoundly perturb brain processes governing perception, emotion, and cognition. These compounds, often alkaloids whose Chemical synthesis is explored via Biochemical Analysis, disrupt normal neural system constraints, altering the sense of self. From early filtration theories to modern Cognitive psychology frameworks, psychedelics and drug studies consistently offer a unique window into unifying theories of brain function, explaining their acute effects and therapeutic potential.
Abstract
How do psychedelic drugs produce their characteristic range of acute effects in perception, emotion, cognition, and sense of self? How do these eff...
Ayahuasca: Psychological and Physiologic Effects, Pharmacology and Potential Uses in Addiction and Mental Illness
Current Neuropharmacology – March 02, 2018
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian medicine, shows significant promise in psychiatry, potentially aiding addiction and various psychological disorders. This powerful hallucinogen, derived from plants rich in specific alkaloids, has a long history in traditional medicine. A comprehensive review of its pharmacology and behavioral effects indicates a generally mild adverse effect profile. Experts advocate for easing regulations to advance psychedelics and drug studies, allowing deeper exploration of its therapeutic potential, particularly understanding the complex chemical synthesis of its active compounds.
Abstract
Background: Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian decoction with psychoactive properties, is made from bark of the Banisteriopsis caapi vine (containi...
Is LSD toxic?
Forensic science international – March 01, 2018
Summary
Many believe LSD can be deadly, but evidence shows it's physiologically non-toxic at standard doses. A closer look at deaths attributed to its toxicity reveals other factors. Some fatalities stemmed from massive overdoses. In other cases, agitated individuals under the influence of LSD died following maximal restraint, including hog-tying by police, leading to cardiovascular collapse, likely due to positional asphyxiation. One death was from a different drug entirely. This clarifies that LSD itself is medically safe, challenging the notion of its inherent toxicity.
Abstract
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) was discovered almost 75 years ago, and has been the object of episodic controversy since then. While initially ex...