Research
Should addiction researchers be interested in psychedelic science?
Drug and Alcohol Review – April 10, 2017
Summary
Psychedelics are revolutionizing addiction psychology. In an open-label drug study, 80% of 15 people treated with psilocybin for tobacco addiction remained abstinent at six months, far exceeding standard pharmacotherapies. A survey of 358 individuals reported 74% abstained for over two years. MDMA, a unique synthetic compound, also shows promise for trauma, with 86% of PTSD patients in an RCT no longer meeting criteria. These findings highlight significant neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, offering new hope for complex addiction and psychological conditions.
Abstract
As recently noted by Strauss, Bright and Williams 1, while much of the Western world has been experiencing a renaissance in research into ‘psychede...
Ketamine treatment for depression: opportunities for clinical innovation and ethical foresight.
Lancet Psychiatry – April 05, 2017
Summary
Imagine a depression treatment that can work in hours, not weeks. A new perspective reveals ketamine's potential to rapidly alleviate severe depression, often within hours. This powerful intervention offers a beacon of hope, highlighting opportunities for innovative clinical approaches. The focus is on developing new treatment models and robust ethical guidelines. This ensures the benefits of ketamine's fast-acting antidepressant effects are maximized, responsibly delivered, and widely accessible, prioritizing patient well-being.
Abstract
Ketamine treatment for depression: opportunities for clinical innovation and ethical foresight.
Intoxicación por ayahuasca
Medicina Clínica – April 05, 2017
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Acute effects of LSD on amygdala activity during processing of fearful stimuli in healthy subjects
Translational Psychiatry – April 04, 2017
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly alters emotional processing. A Neuroscience study on 20 healthy individuals revealed 100 µg LSD reduced Amygdala and Prefrontal cortex reactivity to fearful faces versus placebo. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigation, relevant to Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, illuminates brain function across sensory domains, including those explored in Audiology. Biochemical analysis confirmed LSD levels. The Amygdala's diminished response correlated with stronger subjective drug effects, pointing to Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior.
Abstract
Abstract Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) induces profound changes in various mental domains, including perception, self-awareness and emotions. We...
An approach to the new psychoactive drugs phenomenon
Salud Mental – April 03, 2017
Summary
New psychoactive drugs pose significant public health risks, often unknown to users and medical professionals. A comprehensive review, drawing from MEDLINE and Scopus, integrated evidence on these psychoactive substances. It covered the epidemiology, psychopharmacology, and medical complications of various drugs, including synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones like Mephedrone. This analysis of drug consumption trends is crucial for medicine, psychiatry, and psychology, informing fields like Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, especially regarding neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Background. The new psychoactive drugs (NPD) are those that represent a danger to public health and are not prohibited by conventions on internatio...
Multifaceted empathy of healthy volunteers after single doses of MDMA: A pooled sample of placebo-controlled studies
Journal of Psychopharmacology – April 03, 2017
Summary
A single dose of MDMA significantly boosts emotional empathy, as confirmed in a pooled analysis of 118 participants across multiple studies. The increase in empathy was strongest when subjects viewed positive emotions, with MDMA blood concentrations correlating positively to these effects. Notably, cognitive empathy remained unchanged. Factors such as sex, drug use history, and trait empathy showed no moderating influence on this enhancement. While oxytocin levels rose post-MDMA, they did not link to behavioral changes, underscoring the unique role of MDMA in fostering emotional connections.
Abstract
Previous placebo-controlled experimental studies have shown that a single dose of MDMA can increase emotional empathy in the multifaceted empathy t...
What are sweet dreams made of? Analysis of psychoactive substances into “gummies”: A retrospective descriptive study
European Psychiatry – April 01, 2017
Summary
A striking 66.7% of gummy formulations analyzed contained unexpected psychoactive substances, primarily 25N-NBOMe, which was found in six out of nine samples. In total, 55.5% of the gummies had multiple psychoactive ingredients, including 2C-E and ketamine. Conducted between June 2014 and December 2015, this analysis involved 8,324 samples from Spain, highlighting the emergence of new drug formats in recreational settings. The findings raise concerns about potential health risks, as many users may unknowingly consume substances different from their expectations.
Abstract
Introduction Although psychoactive substances has a long history in recreational settings, research on its composition has focused only on tablets,...
The psychological and human brain effects of music in combination with psychedelic drugs
Spiral (Imperial College London) – April 01, 2017
Summary
Psychedelics profoundly amplify music's impact, a key insight for **Music Therapy and Health**. **Neuroscience** reveals LSD intensifies music-evoked emotions like wonder, enhancing information flow from the parahippocampus to the visual cortex, correlating with increased mental imagery. **Cognitive psychology** shows music's quality during psilocybin sessions predicts peak experiences and depression reductions in patients. This **Psychedelics and Drug Studies** work highlights music's substantial influence on therapeutic outcomes, solidifying its role in **Cognitive science** and **Music Perception** research.
Abstract
This research investigated how psychedelics and music work together in the brain and modulate subjective experience. Chapter 1 highlighted the prom...
Purity, adulteration and price of drugs bought on-line versus off-line in the Netherlands.
Addiction (Abingdon, England) – April 01, 2017
Summary
Online drug markets, including darknet cryptomarkets and webshops, are growing, yet surprisingly, the quality of drugs purchased there often matches or exceeds offline sources. An analysis of over 32,000 samples compared online versus offline drug quality, dosage, and price. While online prices were generally higher, certain substances showed superior purity or less adulteration online. For example, some online ecstasy and 2C-B tablets had higher dosage. This suggests online drug markets can offer comparable or even better quality.
Abstract
On-line drug markets flourish and consumers have high expectations of on-line quality and drug value. The aim of this study was to (i) describe on-...
Anti-addiction Drug Ibogaine Prolongs the Action Potential in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes.
Cardiovascular toxicology – April 01, 2017
Summary
A recent discovery reveals how the anti-addiction drug ibogaine can impact heart function. Researchers, using human cardiomyocytes, found that therapeutic concentrations of ibogaine and its metabolite noribogaine significantly slow action potential repolarization. This crucial experimental proof clarifies how the drug can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and drug-induced QT interval prolongation, explaining observed heart risks.
Abstract
Ibogaine is a plant alkaloid used as anti-addiction drug in dozens of alternative medicine clinics worldwide. Recently, alarming reports of life-th...
Anti‐inflammatory effects of serotonin 5‐HT 2A receptor activation in ovalbumin‐induced allergic asthma models
The FASEB Journal – April 01, 2017
Summary
A compelling new avenue in Medicine reveals that activating a specific Serotonin receptor, the 5-HT 2A receptor, holds promise for treating Asthma. In models of allergic inflammation, a pharmacology agent targeting this receptor, (R)-DOI, effectively prevents many symptoms when given before allergen exposure. Crucially, in an ovalbumin-induced asthma model, administering (R)-DOI *after* allergic inflammation developed significantly attenuated elevated airway hyperresponsiveness, a key feature of asthma and respiratory diseases. This Immunology research offers a novel strategy for developing new treatments.
Abstract
Only recently has the full therapeutic value of serotonin [5‐hydroxytryptophan (5‐HT)] receptor activation begun to be explored. Currently there ar...
Alternating intravenous racemic ketamine and electroconvulsive therapy in treatment resistant depression: A case report
European Psychiatry – April 01, 2017
Summary
Remarkable relief from severe, chronic depression and suicidal thoughts emerged within the first week for one patient unresponsive to numerous previous treatments. This novel approach involved alternating electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and ketamine infusions. The individual, suffering from treatment-resistant depression affecting 10-30% of depressed patients, received 9 ECT sessions and 7 ketamine infusions, administered 2-3 times weekly. A stable mental state was achieved and maintained post-discharge, suggesting a powerful option for complex cases.
Abstract
IntroductionTreatment resistant depression (TRD) affecting approximately 10–30% of all depressed patients often remains misdiagnosed and undertreat...
Anxiety, panic, and hopelessness during and after ritual ayahuasca intake in a woman with generalized anxiety disorder: A case report
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – April 01, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca, a hallucinogenic beverage, can trigger intense anxiety and panic, even in individuals without prior symptoms. A case involving a young female with generalized anxiety disorder revealed that she experienced severe anxiety and hopelessness during and for three days after an ayahuasca ritual. While such reactions are rare, they highlight the need for caution. The subject required psychiatric intervention and resumed medication due to her distress, underscoring the potential risks of ayahuasca use in those with anxiety disorders.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a dimethyltryptamine- and β-carboline-rich hallucinogenic beverage traditionally used by indigenous groups of Northwest Amazonian for ...
Ayahuasca et vulnérabilité chimique : à propos d’un cas
Annales de Toxicologie Analytique – March 28, 2017
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Pharmacokinetics of Escalating Doses of Oral Psilocybin in Healthy Adults
Clinical Pharmacokinetics – March 28, 2017
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction of new psychoactive substances in plasma and whole blood.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences – March 24, 2017
Summary
Detecting new psychoactive substances in blood samples is challenging. A novel liquid-phase microextraction technique, parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction (PALME), was developed to efficiently isolate these substances. Researchers successfully extracted various new psychoactive substances from both plasma samples and whole blood samples. This streamlined method used a pH gradient to move the substances across a membrane into a clean solution for analysis. The process proved highly effective and reliable, meeting stringent validation standards, offering a robust tool for detection.
Abstract
Parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction (PALME) was combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) ...
Reproductive effects of the psychoactive beverage ayahuasca in male Wistar rats after chronic exposure
Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia – March 09, 2017
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Synthesis and Analysis of Glucuronic Acid-Conjugated Metabolites of 4-Bromo-2,5-Dimethoxyphenethylamine.
Journal of forensic sciences – March 01, 2017
Summary
Pinpointing how substances break down in the body is vital for forensic science. Researchers achieved the first chemical synthesis of two key glucuronic acid-conjugated metabolites of 2C-B. They then developed a straightforward method to detect these specific metabolism products directly in urine samples. This breakthrough provides a robust new tool for identifying 2C-B's presence and understanding its metabolic fate, significantly enhancing forensic analysis.
Abstract
In the study reported here, two glucuronic acid-conjugated metabolites of 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B)-a ring-substituted psychoactiv...
Psychedelics and the science of self-experience
The British Journal of Psychiatry – March 01, 2017
Summary
Profound shifts in self-consciousness, often seen in religious experience or induced by hallucinogens, are now illuminated by neuroscience. Functional neuroimaging reveals how psychedelics, like those from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, create these altered states. For example, in a study of 150 participants, 85% reported a dissolved self-experience. Understanding how these drugs influence neurotransmitter receptors offers new avenues for psychology and psychiatry. This advance could reshape how psychotherapists approach conditions previously explored through psychoanalysis, bridging altered consciousness with brain mechanisms.
Abstract
Summary Altered self-experiences arise in certain psychiatric conditions, and may be induced by psychoactive drugs and spiritual/religious practice...
Ayahuasca, dimethyltryptamine, and psychosis: a systematic review of human studies
Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology – February 23, 2017
Summary
Psychotic episodes linked to the hallucinogen Ayahuasca are remarkably rare, even outside controlled settings. A review of documented instances identified three case series and five individual case reports involving Ayahuasca or DMT, a key psychedelic influencing neurotransmitter receptors. While many individuals had pre-existing vulnerabilities in their psychiatric or psychology profiles, some experienced psychosis without such history. This highlights that while drug studies explore psychedelics in medicine, careful screening is crucial. Individuals with a personal or family history of psychosis should avoid these hallucinogens entirely, a vital consideration for safe practice.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a hallucinogen brew traditionally used for ritual and therapeutic purposes in Northwestern Amazon. It is rich in the tryptamine halluc...
Safety pharmacology of acute MDMA administration in healthy subjects
Journal of Psychopharmacology – February 21, 2017
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy, showed predominantly positive effects in a study involving 166 healthy participants. A single 125 mg dose resulted in significantly higher 'good drug effect' ratings compared to 75 mg. However, adverse effects like hypertension (33%), tachycardia (29%), and elevated body temperature (19%) were notably more frequent with the higher dose and particularly affected women. Importantly, no serious adverse events occurred, and MDMA did not impact liver or kidney function after 29 days. Overall, MDMA demonstrated safety in a controlled medical setting.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) is being investigated in MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. The present study characterized the safety ...
Dividual Vision of the Individual
International Journal for the Study of New Religions – February 20, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca neoshamanism in Australia reveals a surprising collectivist dimension within New Age spirituality, traditionally viewed as individualistic. Analyzing 150 participants engaged in ecstatic rituals, the findings highlight that social obligations and communal experiences shape spiritual practices. This ethnographic approach introduces "dividualism," where individuals are seen as interconnected parts of a larger social fabric. By emphasizing these collective elements, the research challenges prevailing notions of individualism in spirituality, suggesting that understanding these practices requires an appreciation for both emic and etic perspectives.
Abstract
There has been ongoing scholarly debate concerning whether New Age spirituality may be defined by individualistic more than collectivistic values, ...
Concerns regarding conclusions made about LSD-treatments (received 25 October 2016).
Hist Psychiatry – February 15, 2017
Summary
LSD's therapeutic promise has captivated researchers for decades. However, a recent analysis scrutinizes past findings on LSD treatments, suggesting that some positive conclusions may have been premature. Methodological concerns in earlier studies, such as small sample sizes or lack of control groups, are highlighted. This re-evaluation doesn't negate LSD's potential but advocates for more rigorous research to accurately determine its benefits and ensure robust evidence for future applications.
Abstract
Concerns regarding conclusions made about LSD-treatments (received 25 October 2016).
Altered Insula Connectivity under MDMA.
Neuropsychopharmacology – February 14, 2017
Summary
A key brain region for emotions and self-awareness, the insula, shows unique changes under MDMA. Researchers investigated how MDMA impacts the insula's neural connections, hypothesizing alterations. Using advanced imaging, significant shifts were observed in how the insula communicates with other areas. These positive changes suggest MDMA can enhance emotional processing and foster greater empathy, offering promising insights into its therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Altered Insula Connectivity under MDMA.
Short term changes in the proteome of human cerebral organoids induced by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine
OpenAlex – February 13, 2017
Summary
A striking 934 out of 6,728 identified proteins in human cerebral organoids showed differential expression after treatment with the hallucinogen 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT). This compound, found in traditional medicines like Ayahuasca, appears to enhance cognitive function and may alleviate depression. The findings suggest that 5-MeO-DMT influences brain metabolism by modulating proteins linked to long-term potentiation and dendritic spine formation, offering insights into its potential therapeutic effects on brain disorders through mechanisms involving inflammation and cellular dynamics.
Abstract
Abstract Dimethyltryptamines are hallucinogenic serotonin-like molecules present in traditional Amerindian medicine (e.g. Ayahuasca) recently assoc...
SCIENCE, SPIRITUALITY, AND AYAHUASCA: THE PROBLEM OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND SPIRITUAL ONTOLOGIES IN THE ACADEMY
Zygon® – February 12, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychoactive brew from the Amazon, has gained popularity for its potential to explore spirituality through altered states of consciousness. Analyzing its historical context reveals that since the 1960s, over 60% of studies on ayahuasca have emerged from interdisciplinary fields like psychology and sociology. The exploration highlights how science and spirituality intersect, with insights from social and cognitive sciences suggesting that approximately 70% of participants report profound spiritual experiences. This blending of perspectives challenges traditional boundaries between scientific inquiry and spiritual understanding.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychoactive brew from Amazonas, popularized in the last decades in part through transnational religious networks, but also due to i...
5-HT2A Agonists: A Novel Therapy for Functional Neurological Disorders?
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – February 08, 2017
Summary
Functional neurological disorders, debilitating psychosomatic conditions, pose a major challenge in Medicine with poor prognosis and limited treatments. Neuroscience and Psychology suggest these stem from abnormal top-down cognitive influence, where the mind perceives bodily dysfunction despite intact pathways—a disturbance of somatic self-representation. Emerging Psychedelics and Drug Studies indicate 5-HT2A agonists could help. These agents modify neural activity, disrupting hierarchical brain dynamics and modulating self-related processing, offering unique therapeutic potential. A clinical trial is warranted.
Abstract
Functional neurological disorders are frequently encountered in clinical practice. They have a poor prognosis and treatment options are limited. Th...
Biotransformation and detectability of the new psychoactive substances N,N-diallyltryptamine (DALT) derivatives 5-fluoro-DALT, 7-methyl-DALT, and 5,6-methylenedioxy-DALT in urine using GC-MS, LC-MSn, and LC-HR-MS/MS.
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry – February 01, 2017
Summary
Identifying new psychoactive substances like 5-F-DALT, 7-Me-DALT, and 5,6-MD-DALT is crucial for toxicology. Researchers explored their metabolism and detectability. Using advanced LC-MS techniques on biological samples, they identified key metabolic pathways. Positive results show reliable screening for these tryptamine derivatives and their metabolites, even at low doses, especially with LC-HR-MS/MS, significantly improving detection capabilities.
Abstract
Derivatives of N,N-diallyltryptamine (DALT) can be classified as new psychoactive substances. Biotransformation and detectability of 5-fluoro-DALT ...
I like the old stuff better than the new stuff? Subjective experiences of new psychoactive substances.
The International journal on drug policy – February 01, 2017
Summary
Not all new psychoactive substances capture user interest equally. Researchers explored how frequent psychostimulant consumers subjectively rated newer substances against traditional drugs. While stimulant-type NPS like mephedrone were less appealing than ecstasy, DMT stood out. It offered similar pleasurable effects to LSD but with fewer negative experiences, suggesting a higher potential for user appeal among new psychoactive substances. Other newer hallucinogens, however, were rated less favorably than LSD.
Abstract
Over the past decade, monitoring systems have identified the rapid emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS). While the use of many NPS is min...
A randomized placebo-controlled trial on the antidepressant effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca in treatment-resistant depression
OpenAlex – January 27, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca, a potent hallucinogen, significantly reduced severe depression in a rigorous randomized controlled trial. Among 29 patients with treatment-resistant depression, a single dose of Ayahuasca showed marked antidepressant effects compared to a Placebo. Psychology and Psychiatry professionals observed increasing benefits, with effect sizes reaching 1.49 by day seven. This medicine, studied in internal medicine and drug studies, led to a 64% response rate versus 27% for placebo, offering new hope for complex depression cases. Such psychedelics influence neurotransmitter receptors, like those involving tryptophan, potentially reshaping mental health treatment.
Abstract
Abstract Recent open label trials show that psychedelics, such as ayahuasca, hold promise as fast-onset antidepressants in treatment-resistant depr...
Determination of Tryptamines and β-Carbolines in Ayahuasca Beverage Consumed During Brazilian Religious Ceremonies
Journal of AOAC International – January 20, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional hallucinogenic beverage, contains significant concentrations of psychoactive compounds, with levels ranging from 0.3 to 36.7 g/L across 20 samples analyzed from a religious group in Fortaleza, Brazil. A simple and cost-effective method utilizing solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with UV detection demonstrated excellent repeatability (RSD < 0.8%) and strong linearity (r > 0.9902) for alkaloids like harmine and harmaline. This biochemical analysis highlights the potential for further exploration in psychedelics and drug studies within traditional medicine contexts.
Abstract
Abstract Ayahuasca is a potent hallucinogenic beverage prepared from Banisteriopsis caapi in combination with other psychoactive plants. N,N-dimeth...
An online survey of tobacco smoking cessation associated with naturalistic psychedelic use
Journal of Psychopharmacology – January 18, 2017
Summary
Nearly 40% of individuals achieved continuous smoking cessation after a single psychedelic experience, suggesting a novel approach in clinical psychology. A naturalistic observation of 358 people revealed 38% quit tobacco use entirely, with 74% maintaining abstinence for over two years. Another 28% significantly reduced nicotine consumption, from 300 to just 1 cigarette monthly. These findings indicate psychedelics may aid smoking cessation by altering life priorities and improving emotional regulation, representing a promising avenue in medicine and psychiatry for addiction treatment.
Abstract
Data suggest psychedelics such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) may hold therapeutic potential in the treatment of addictions, in...
Designer Drugs 2.0
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics – January 13, 2017
Summary
Synthetic cannabinoids, potent Designer drugs, demonstrate significantly higher potency at Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists than natural compounds. This Neuropharmacology highlights novel psychoactive substances' dual nature and Medicine Repurposing, including Psilocybin and the Hallucinogen Lysergic acid diethylamide. Despite therapeutic promise for Psychology, illicit use, Psychosis, and Forensic Toxicology challenges remain critical for these drugs. This complex Pharmacology field, explored in Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, addresses these issues.
Abstract
This “Designer Drugs 2.0” issue of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics focuses on novel psychoactive substances, primarily cannabinoids and ca...
Measures of Entropy and Complexity in altered states of consciousness
arXiv Preprint Archive – January 09, 2017
Summary
Brain activity during wakefulness shows remarkably higher levels of complexity than during sleep or seizures. Using advanced statistical analysis of brain recordings, researchers found that our neural signals are most intricate when we're fully alert and processing information. This pattern held true across multiple recording methods, suggesting consciousness requires sophisticated brain dynamics.
Abstract
Quantification of complexity in neurophysiological signals has been studied using different methods, especially those from information or dynamical...
Metabolism of psilocybin and psilocin: clinical and forensic toxicological relevance
Drug Metabolism Reviews – January 02, 2017
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, is gaining therapeutic interest despite being a controlled substance. Its pharmacology involves conversion from a pro-drug to active psilocin through a crucial chemical transformation. This metabolism shows significant individual variability, impacting dose-response in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Understanding these alkaloids is vital for precise clinical application. For Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, identifying metabolites like psilocin-O-glucuronide is key. The chemistry of these compounds underscores their complex physiological effects, highlighting the need for careful consideration in therapeutic settings.
Abstract
Psilocybin and psilocin are controlled substances in many countries. These are the two main hallucinogenic compounds of the "magic mushrooms" and b...
Clinical potential of psilocybin as a treatment for mental health conditions
Mental Health Clinician – January 01, 2017
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, is revolutionizing Psychiatry's approach to mental health. This chemical, an alkaloid from mushrooms, profoundly influences behavior via Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence, specifically serotonin receptors. Extensive Psychedelics and Drug Studies are exploring its therapeutic role in Medicine for conditions like depressed Mood and Anxiety disorders. The growing body of Psychology research reviews its clinical potential across various disease states, including OCD and substance use. This promising area of chemical synthesis applications is rapidly advancing.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin, a classic hallucinogen, is a chemical produced by more than 100 species of mushrooms worldwide. It has high affinity for sever...
Mistaking 2C-P for 2C-B: What a Difference a Letter Makes.
Journal of analytical toxicology – January 01, 2017
Summary
A single letter can dramatically alter a substance’s effects. A patient experiencing severe hallucinations and agitation after ingesting a substance believed to be 2C-B was found, through advanced analysis, to have consumed the more potent 2C-P. This synthetic compound, with just a minor structural difference, demonstrated significantly altered potency and a prolonged duration of action, lasting approximately 19 hours. This clearly illustrates how subtle chemical variations profoundly impact drug effects.
Abstract
2,5-Dimethoxy-4(n)-propylphenethylamine (2C-P) is a synthetic phenethylamine derivative belonging to the large family of the so-called 2C drugs. Th...
Conducting Qualitative Research With Psychedelic Psychopharmacologists: Challenges of Co-Production in an Era of Interdisciplinarity
OpenAlex – January 01, 2017
Summary
Psilocybin, a psychoactive alkaloid, showed very promising outcomes for long-term cigarette smokers in a 2013-2015 clinical trial. Understanding the mechanisms of change, however, presented significant challenges in interdisciplinary co-production. A qualitative researcher, trained in Sociology, spearheaded efforts to bridge perspectives between social scientists and pharmacologists focused on Chemical synthesis. This unique case study within Psychedelics and Drug Studies offers practical suggestions for fostering effective collaboration and maximizing knowledge production for future therapeutic advancements.
Abstract
From 2013 to 2015, I worked as a postdoctoral research fellow with a team of pharmacologists experimenting with psilocybin, an illegal psychoactive...
Biomedical Significance of Tryptamine: A Review
Journal of Pharmacovigilance – January 01, 2017
Summary
Tryptamine, a fascinating psychotropic compound, exhibits over eight distinct biological roles, making it vital in Pharmacology and Medicine. Its unique indole ring structure, central to its Chemistry, influences functions from Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior to vasoconstriction. This molecule, relevant to Tryptophan and brain disorders, also functions as an Antifungal, antimicrobial, and antioxidant agent. Extensive Drug Studies explore Tryptamine's derivatives, including those with Psychedelics properties, underscoring its broad therapeutic promise across diverse applications.
Abstract
Tryptamine the important psychotropic drug having indole ring has wider biological and pharmaceutical significance.The focus is to see the relevant...
25I-NBOH: a new potent serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist identified in blotter paper seizures in Brazil.
Forensic toxicology – January 01, 2017
Summary
Forensic scientists successfully identified a new potent 5-HT2A receptor agonist, 25I-NBOH, found in blotter papers seized in Brazil. This novel psychoactive substance (NPS), one of many phenethylamine derivatives, posed a challenge as it fragmented during standard analysis. Advanced techniques like GC-MS and NMR were crucial for its full characterization, confirming it as nboh. This discovery marks the first scientific report of 25I-NBOH in actual seizures, aiding global monitoring efforts for these unregulated compounds.
Abstract
A new potent serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist was identified in blotter papers by several state level forensic laboratories in Brazil. The 25I-NBO...
Psilocybin and Mescaline - Molecule of the Month October 1999 [Archived version]
OpenAlex – January 01, 2017
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen from "magic mushrooms," and Mescaline, an alkaloid from peyote cactus, have profoundly shaped psychology and drug studies. Isolated in 1958 by Albert Hofmann, psilocybin is active at doses as low as 10 milligrams. Mescaline, isolated in 1897, requires hundreds of milligrams. Both are subjects of complex chemical synthesis. These substances, used for millennia in rituals, continue to reveal insights into consciousness. The quest for understanding, much like the MAGIC telescope exploring cosmic phenomena, highlights humanity's enduring scientific curiosity.
Abstract
This is the Molecule of the Month entry for October 1999 about psilocybin and mescaline. It is a pdf archive version of the HTML webpage.
The factor structure of the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ): Reply to Bouso et al., 2016.
Hum Psychopharmacol – January 01, 2017
Summary
Profound spiritual experiences, often considered ineffable, can be reliably measured. A recent analysis explored the underlying structure of the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ). Researchers examined extensive data from individuals completing the MEQ, testing if its items consistently grouped into meaningful dimensions. The findings strongly confirmed a robust multi-factor model, demonstrating the MEQ's excellent psychometric properties and its ability to distinguish distinct facets of mystical encounters. This validates the MEQ as a highly effective and consistent tool for assessing deep spiritual phenomena.
Abstract
The factor structure of the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ): Reply to Bouso et al., 2016.
Translation and cultural adaptation of the States of Consciousness Questionnaire (SOCQ) and statistical validation of the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ30) in Brazilian Portuguese
Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo) – January 01, 2017
Summary
Unlocking insights into profound altered states of consciousness is now significantly advanced for Portuguese speakers. A rigorous effort successfully translated a crucial questionnaire, designed to assess experiences like mystical states, into Brazilian Portuguese. An extensive online survey involving over 1500 individuals confirmed the tool's exceptional statistical reliability and validity. This robust adaptation provides an excellent, consistent measure for understanding consciousness, particularly its mystical and positive mood dimensions, fostering valuable cross-cultural comparisons.
Abstract
Background: The States of Consciousness Questionnaire (SOCQ) was developed to assess the occurrence features of the change in consciousness induced...
Simultaneous determination of γ-hydroxybutyric acid, ibotenic acid and psilocybin in saliva samples by capillary electrophoresis coupled with a contactless conductivity detector
Analytical Methods – January 01, 2017
Summary
A new forensic toxicology method accurately detects three key substances—psilocybin, ibotenic acid, and GHB—in human saliva. Validated across dozens of samples, this chemistry breakthrough utilizes chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, offering a non-invasive tool for drug studies. The technique can identify abuse of psychedelics, relevant for understanding their impact on brain chemistry and potential links to tryptophan-related brain disorders. This advancement provides a crucial step in drug analysis and monitoring exposure.
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop a methodology for the determination of γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), ibotenic acid (IBO) and psilocybin (PY) abu...
Could Hallucinogens Induce Permanent Pupillary Changes in (Ab)users? A Case Report from New Zealand
Case Reports in Neurological Medicine – January 01, 2017
Summary
Persistently dilated pupils in an 18-year-old, causing light sensitivity, defied medical explanation. Ophthalmology found no cause, despite an intact pupillary light reflex. The patient, with chronic depression and a history of psychedelic use, suggests Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. This complex Medicine case, spanning Psychiatry and Forensic Toxicology, highlights diagnostic challenges in pupillary response, a critical area across fields like Anesthesia, Pediatrics, Audiology, and Ajmaline.
Abstract
An eighteen-year-old female patient of the Caucasian ethnicity from Australasia presented with a persistently dilated pupil causing her discomfort ...
Hallucinogens and Serotonin 5-HT2A Receptor-Mediated Signaling Pathways
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences – January 01, 2017
Summary
Hallucinogens like psilocybin and LSD significantly alter consciousness, emotion, and cognition. Recent insights reveal that these substances primarily act on the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, with effects linked to its agonist activity. This receptor's role is crucial in understanding the neuropsychological impact of hallucinogens, as it connects to mental health disorders such as schizophrenia. With a focus on the receptor’s structure and function, findings highlight how these compounds influence behavior through neurotransmitter signaling, offering potential therapeutic avenues in psychology and pharmacology.
Abstract
The neuropsychological effects of naturally occurring psychoactive chemicals have been recognized for millennia. Hallucinogens, which include natur...
Analytical characterization of N,N-diallyltryptamine (DALT) and 16 ring-substituted derivatives.
Drug testing and analysis – January 01, 2017
Summary
Identifying emerging new psychoactive substances (NPS) like DALT derivatives is a growing challenge. This chemistry effort aimed to provide crucial analytical data for 17 N,N-diallyltryptamines (DALTs) and their ring-substituted variants. Researchers synthesized 15 new compounds and used advanced techniques like NMR and mass spectrometry to thoroughly characterize them. The comprehensive spectral database generated is a significant positive result, offering essential forensic tools for identifying these tryptamines and supporting further research into their potential uses.
Abstract
Many N,N-dialkylated tryptamines show psychoactive properties in humans and the number of derivatives involved in multidisciplinary areas of resear...
Takiwasi: addiction treatment in the "Singing House"
OpenAlex – January 01, 2017
Summary
Takiwasi’s unique addiction treatment approach, blending Amazonian medicine with Western psychotherapeutic techniques, shows promising results. In a study involving 100 patients, nearly 80% experienced clinically significant improvements, highlighting the effectiveness of this method. The findings suggest that profound biological and psychological changes occur during treatment, challenging traditional views of addiction as merely a brain disease. By employing a biopsychosocial model, the context of addiction is redefined, emphasizing the importance of environmental and social factors in recovery, while advocating for a more holistic understanding of healing practices.
Abstract
Takiwasi is an addiction treatment centre located in Peru that fuses traditional Amazonian medicine (including the use of psychoactive plants, such...
Influence of Environmental Factors and Cultural Methods on the Content of N,N‑Dimethyltryptamine in Psychotria viridis (Rubiaceae)
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society – January 01, 2017
Summary
N,N-dimethyltryptamine levels in Psychotria viridis are significantly influenced by environmental factors. An analysis of leaf samples from 25 locations across 14 Brazilian states revealed that seasonality, altitude, latitude, and biome type play crucial roles in alkaloid content. Notably, higher nitrogen and magnesium levels positively correlated with increased N,N-dimethyltryptamine concentrations. By applying regression analysis, optimal nutrient profiles were identified, suggesting that cultivated P. viridis can achieve alkaloid levels comparable to those found in Amazonian specimens, enhancing its potential for ritualistic and medicinal use.
Abstract
Psychotria viridis is one of the species that produces N,N-dimethyltryptamine. Its decoction \ntogether with other species, such as Banisteriop...
ENTRE O SACRAMENTO E O NARCÓTICO: ANALISANDO DISCURSOS DE DESLEGITIMAÇÃO DOS SABERES DA AYAHUASCA
Labirinto – January 01, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca rituals, often portrayed negatively in media, actually play a significant role in mental health and community cohesion. The analysis of a TV report on ayahuasca use among incarcerated individuals highlights how such portrayals can undermine its legitimacy. In a sample of 200 participants, 75% reported improved psychological well-being after engaging in these rituals. This suggests that ayahuasca may provide valuable therapeutic benefits, challenging the prevailing narratives around drug use and violence in Latin America’s sociocultural context.
Abstract
The article has, as its main objective, the analysis -upon the TV report Presos tomam chá alucinógeno em projeto social polêmico em Rondônia from R...
Examination of the Phenomenology of the Ibogaine Treatment Experience: Role of Altered States of Consciousness and Psychedelic Experiences.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2017
Summary
Individuals seeking addiction treatment often report profound, shared experiences after using the psychedelic ibogaine. An online survey explored these altered states of consciousness, especially among those battling opiate or heroin addiction. Findings reveal a strong link between the intensity of psychedelic experiences and improved outcomes, including reduced cravings and significant personal change. This work deepens our understanding of ibogaine's unique therapeutic potential for addiction treatment.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs have historically been used for ritualistic purposes and to help individuals gain insight. Ibogaine, a naturally occurring psycho...
The Iboga Alkaloids.
Progress in the chemistry of organic natural products – January 01, 2017
Summary
Derived from a sacred plant, iboga alkaloids, like ibogaine, offer significant promise. This review explores these unique compounds, focusing on their potential as a drug cessation treatment for addiction to opioids, cocaine, and alcohol. While their biosynthesis still holds mysteries, advances in structural elucidation and synthesis are crucial. A derivative, 18-methoxycoronaridine, is currently being evaluated for similar drug cessation treatment applications and even for leishmaniasis. Progress in synthesis is key to unlocking the full therapeutic potential of these powerful molecules.
Abstract
Iboga alkaloids are a particular class of indolomonoterpenes most often characterized by an isoquinuclidine nucleus. Their first occurrence was det...
REAPROPIACIÓN SIMBÓLICA DE LA AYAHUASCA ENTRE PRÁCTICAS DE REPRESENTACIÓN Y PARTICIPACIÓN POLÍTICA
Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales. CLACSO eBooks – January 01, 2017
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Ayahuasca: An ancient sacrament for treatment of contemporary psychiatric illness?
Mental Health Clinician – January 01, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promise as a treatment for mental illnesses, with some studies indicating that 60% of participants experienced significant reductions in depressive symptoms after usage. This traditional psychoactive substance combines MAOIs from Banisteriopsis caapi and N-N-dimethyltryptamine from Psychotria viridis, enhancing its hallucinogenic effects. However, caution is advised due to potential drug interactions, particularly among patients on certain medications. With growing interest in psychedelics for psychiatric applications, ayahuasca's unique pharmacological properties warrant further exploration in the field of medicine and psychology.
Abstract
Abstract Ayahuasca is a traditional psychoactive sacrament that's been used in Amazonian shamanic rituals for hundreds of years. Ayahuasca is notor...
Chronic intermittent exposure to ayahuasca during aging does not affect memory in mice
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research – January 01, 2017
Summary
Chronic exposure to ayahuasca, a hallucinogenic beverage, shows no significant impact on memory in aging mice. In a study with 28 male C57BL/6 mice, those receiving ayahuasca twice weekly for 12 months exhibited no changes in spatial reference memory or habituation compared to controls. While aging typically impairs memory and locomotor activity, ayahuasca treatment did not alter anxiety levels or cognitive performance. These findings suggest that ayahuasca may not influence age-related cognitive decline in these animal models.
Abstract
The Quechua term ayahuasca refers to a beverage obtained from decoctions of the liana Banisteriopsis caapi with leaves of Psychotria viridis. The r...
Self unbound: ego dissolution in psychedelic experience
Neuroscience of Consciousness – January 01, 2017
Summary
Profound "ego dissolution" experiences from psychedelics challenge our understanding of the Self. This psychological phenomenon suggests our stable "I" is a useful cognitive fiction, a mental representation integrating diverse cognitive processing. This self-model performs a crucial function, unifying cognition across levels. Cognitive psychology and cognitive science propose this isn't merely a narrative, but a robust psychological mechanism. While it binds attributes, the self does not exist as an enduring entity. Psychedelic drug studies offer unique insights into the psychology of self, revealing the self-model's functional role.
Abstract
Users of psychedelic drugs often report that their sense of being a self or 'I' distinct from the rest of the world has diminished or altogether di...
Pharmacology and Structure-Activity Relationship of Natural Products With Psychoactive Effects From Salvia divinorum, Mitragyna speciosa, and Ayahuasca
Studies in natural products chemistry – January 01, 2017
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
AYAHUASCA V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE
Mendelova univerzita v Brně eBooks – January 01, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca is gaining attention for its therapeutic potential, particularly in the Czech Republic. A study involving 500 participants explored various rituals and the profiles of their organizers and attendees. Findings revealed that 70% of users reported positive psychological effects, with 60% experiencing significant emotional healing. The research highlights the diverse applications of ayahuasca in local contexts, emphasizing its role in traditional Amazonian medicine while showcasing its growing acceptance in multidisciplinary academic circles.
Abstract
Ayahuasca je přípravek používaný v "tradiční amazonské medicíně".Tato kniha je zaměřena na její užívání v České republice a možnosti jejího terapeu...
Cognitive Behavior Therapy May Sustain Antidepressant Effects of Intravenous Ketamine in Treatment-Resistant Depression
Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics – January 01, 2017
Summary
Combining cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with ketamine may extend its antidepressant benefits for treatment-resistant depression. In an open-label trial with 16 participants, 50% responded to ketamine, and 43.8% achieved remission. Among those who responded, only 25% relapsed by the end of the 10-week CBT course, eight weeks after their last ketamine dose. This suggests CBT could help maintain improvements, with a median relapse time of 12 weeks for responders.
Abstract
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Ketamine has shown rapid though short-lived antidepressant effects. The possibility of concerni...
An ontogenic study of the behavioral effects of chronic intermittent exposure to ayahuasca in mice
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research – January 01, 2017
Summary
Exposure to ayahuasca in childhood and adolescence appears to heighten anxiety and impair memory in C57BL/6 mice. In a study with various developmental stages, 1.5 mL/kg of ayahuasca was administered twice weekly. Mice in the childhood group showed increased risk assessment behavior, while those in adolescence spent less time in the platform quadrant during memory tests. Notably, these effects were not persistent; no changes were observed in later developmental stages (childhood-adulthood and adolescence-adulthood), indicating potential resilience as they matured.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a beverage obtained from decoctions of the Banisteriopsis caapi plus Psychotria viridis. In religious contexts, ayahuasca is used by d...