Research
Stroke and Adverse Effects on The Immune and Cardiovascular Systems: The Danger of the Rise and Use of Psychedelic Drugs for Depression and PTSD
Journal of Clinical & Experimental Immunology – March 03, 2021
Summary
For centuries, plant-based hallucinogen drugs like psilocybin have been integral to native medicine. With growing concerns about depression and PTSD, early insights into psychedelics are gaining renewed attention. As early as 1950, reports suggested lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and other mood-altering drugs held potential for psychological and psychiatric treatment. This rich history, spanning millennia of drug studies, underscores a long-standing recognition of these powerful compounds' therapeutic value in medicine.
Abstract
Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in the past two decades, has been a growing problem among adults and our youth. For hundreds,...
Self-blinding citizen science to explore psychedelic microdosing.
Elife – March 02, 2021
Summary
Could microdosing psychedelics subtly enhance daily life? A unique citizen science project explored this, with participants self-administering tiny, unknown doses or placebos to track effects on mood and cognition. Initial findings revealed participants often experienced improved mood, focus, and overall well-being. This innovative approach effectively gathered real-world data, highlighting microdosing's potential benefits.
Abstract
Self-blinding citizen science to explore psychedelic microdosing.
Attentional and cognitive monitoring brain networks in long-term meditators depend on meditation states and expertise.
Scientific Reports – March 01, 2021
Summary
Expert meditators' brains show distinct patterns of neural connectivity that differ from novices, revealing how mental training reshapes our cognitive control systems. Scientists found that experienced meditators display stronger brain network coordination, particularly in areas linked to attention and self-monitoring. Different meditation styles activated unique neural patterns, with expertise level influencing how these networks interact. This suggests meditation literally rewires the brain's executive control systems.
Abstract
Meditation practice is suggested to engage training of cognitive control systems in the brain. To evaluate the functional involvement of attentiona...
Death due to consumption of ibogaine: case report.
Forensic science, medicine, and pathology – March 01, 2021
Summary
Despite hopes for alternative treatments, ibogaine for opioid detoxification carries fatal risks. A case of sudden death during substance abuse treatment revealed high ibogaine levels via forensic science and toxicology. Though the heart appeared healthy, ibogaine’s cardiovascular effects were deemed the cause. This report offers vital data on the dangers of unregulated substances.
Abstract
Ibogaine is a psychotropic indole alkaloid extracted from the roots of the Tabernanthe iboga shrub from the Apocynaceae family. Depending on the ta...
Psychedelic drugs as new tools in psychiatric therapeutics.
Braz J Psychiatry – March 01, 2021
Summary
Certain compounds, once overlooked, are now revealing remarkable potential to rapidly reconfigure brain pathways. This exciting research explores their capacity to effectively address complex mental health challenges. Rigorous investigations consistently demonstrate significant positive shifts in mood and outlook, offering profound therapeutic benefits for individuals facing conditions like depression and anxiety. This marks a promising new frontier in psychiatric care.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs as new tools in psychiatric therapeutics.
Kinetic profile of N,N-dimethyltryptamine and β-carbolines in saliva and serum after oral administration of ayahuasca in a religious context.
Drug testing and analysis – March 01, 2021
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a beverage obtained from Banisteriopsis caapi plus Psychotria viridis. B. caapi contains the β-carbolines harmine, harmaline, and tetr...
Singularity and consciousness: A neuropsychological contribution.
Journal of neuropsychology – March 01, 2021
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
In common sense experience based on introspection, consciousness is singular. There is only one 'me' and that is the one that is conscious. This me...
The Use of Classic Hallucinogens/Psychedelics in a Therapeutic Context: Healthcare Policy Opportunities and Challenges
Risk Management and Healthcare Policy – March 01, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin and other hallucinogens show promise in psychiatry, offering rapid, enduring relief for severe mental disorders using single or few doses. Historically used in ritual contexts, like Ayahuasca, these psychedelics are now gaining medical interest for their antidepressant and anti-addictive effects. Pharmacology reveals their action on 5-HT2A receptors. Integrating them into medicine faces hurdles due to social stigma and scheduling, despite ethical concerns about denying access. Dialogue between psychology, industry, and policy is crucial to harness their therapeutic potential for treating addiction and other conditions.
Abstract
Psychedelics or serotonergic hallucinogens are a group of substances that share the agonism of serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors as their main mechanis...
Acute Psychological Adverse Reactions in First-Time Ritual Ayahuasca Users
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology – February 27, 2021
Summary
Ayahuasca ceremonies can lead to intense psychological reactions, with 17.5% of first-time participants experiencing acute challenges. In a sample of 40, seven individuals reported significant distress during the ceremony, and four had pre-existing psychiatric disorders. Remarkably, two participants no longer exhibited symptoms one month later, with improvements persisting at six months. However, the majority (86%) chose not to participate in further ceremonies, highlighting the importance of context and guidance in these experiences. Understanding ayahuasca's safety profile is crucial for future exploration in psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
Abstract Background In recent decades, ritualistic use of ayahuasca has spread throughout the world. Retrospective studies have suggested a good ps...
Low Doses of Psilocybin and Ketamine Enhance Motivation and Attention in Poor Performing Rats: Evidence for an Antidepressant Property
Frontiers in Pharmacology – February 26, 2021
Summary
Remarkably, low doses of the serotonergic hallucinogen Psilocybin (0.05-0.1 mg/kg) and dissociative hallucinogen Ketamine (1-3 mg/kg) improved mood and motivation in rats exhibiting anhedonia. Neuroscience and Pharmacology research, part of Psychedelics and Drug Studies, revealed antidepressant-like effects by influencing Serotonin and other neurotransmitter receptors. Psychology and Medicine can leverage these findings; both drugs modestly enhanced attention, particularly in low-performing subjects. This suggests therapeutic utility for Tryptophan-linked brain disorders, expanding our understanding.
Abstract
Long term benefits following short-term administration of high psychedelic doses of serotonergic and dissociative hallucinogens, typified by psiloc...
Prolonged epigenetic and synaptic plasticity alterations following single exposure to a psychedelic in mice
OpenAlex – February 25, 2021
Summary
A single dose of a psychedelic drug rapidly improved mood by accelerating fear extinction through specific neurotransmitter receptor influence, impacting systems linked to tryptophan. Neuroscience reveals this antidepressant effect stems from epigenetic changes: the drug alters chromatin organization and the epigenome, particularly impacting synaptic plasticity for days. These biological shifts, relevant to Psychology and Drug Studies, overlap with genetic markers for schizophrenia and other psychosis risks. This suggests epigenetic-driven synaptic changes are key, but warrants caution for individuals with such predispositions.
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests a potential therapeutic effect of classic psychedelics for the treatment of depression. The most outstanding and distinc...
Classic psychedelic coadministration with lithium, but not lamotrigine, is associated with seizures: an analysis of online psychedelic experience reports
OpenAlex – February 24, 2021
Summary
For individuals managing bipolar disorder with Lithium, combining it with a hallucinogen like Psilocybin carries significant risks. Among 62 reports, 47% experienced seizures and 39% required medical attention, highlighting a serious concern for clinical psychology and psychiatry. In contrast, none of 34 Lamotrigine reports noted seizures, and 65% had no effect on the psychedelic experience. This suggests a critical difference in drug studies regarding mood stabilizers and psychedelics, particularly for those experiencing depression and seeking mood regulation.
Abstract
Introduction: Psychedelics show promise in treating unipolar depression, though patients with bipolar disorder have been excluded from recent psych...
The Evolved Psychology of Psychedelic Set and Setting: Inferences Regarding the Roles of Shamanism and Entheogenic Ecopsychology
Frontiers in Pharmacology – February 23, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics, particularly psilocybin, profoundly shaped human consciousness and psychology. Shamanism offers an ancient framework, demonstrating how these substances stimulated ancient brain structures and innate cognitive modules like self-awareness, "mind reading," and visual intelligence. This **cognitive science** perspective suggests **psychedelics** acted as **exogenous neurotransmitter sources**, influencing **serotonin and dopamine systems**. Integrating **shamanism** into modern **psychedelics and drug studies** can optimize therapeutic settings, leveraging evolved aspects of our **psychology** and **epistemology** for profound healing. This approach reflects deep insights into **neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior**.
Abstract
This review illustrates the relevance of shamanism and its evolution under effects of psilocybin as a framework for identifying evolved aspects of ...
Chemistry and Toxicology of Major Bioactive Substances in Inocybe Mushrooms
International Journal of Molecular Sciences – February 23, 2021
Summary
Mushroom poisoning remains a significant global health threat, with the *Inocybe* genus (Agaricales) containing diverse toxins. A comprehensive review of their chemistry and toxicology reveals compounds like muscarine, responsible for severe poisoning, and psilocybin, a potent psychedelic. Summarizing available toxicity data, the work clarifies mechanisms of action. This understanding is vital for Drug Studies, guiding both treatment strategies for Mushroom Poisoning and exploring potential medical applications of these alkaloids, moving beyond their Chemical synthesis. Effective intervention, perhaps inspired by approaches like Silymarin for other poisonings, is paramount.
Abstract
Mushroom poisoning has always been a threat to human health. There are a large number of reports about ingestion of poisonous mushrooms every year ...
Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelics in Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders, Part 2
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry – February 23, 2021
Summary
High-dose psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, significantly reduced Major Depressive Disorder and Anxiety in a randomized controlled trial of 51 cancer patients, sustained in 80% at six months. This compelling finding in Clinical Psychology highlights psychedelics' potential in Psychiatry. Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, and MDMA are gaining traction in Medicine, exploring their neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior to improve mood. Drug Studies are advancing chemical synthesis and alkaloids for these therapies.
Abstract
P sychedelics have recently gained attention as compounds with therapeutic potential in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.The US Food and Drug...
Ketamine and attentional bias to threat: dynamic causal modeling of magnetoencephalographic connectivity in treatment-resistant depression
medRxiv Preprint Server – February 22, 2021
Summary
A key to rapid depression relief might lie in how brain regions communicate. Researchers explored how `ketamine` impacts `brain activity` in `treatment-resistant depression`. They found `ketamine` significantly reduced `depressive symptoms`. Advanced imaging revealed `ketamine` altered neural pathways, including faster AMPA transmission in the visual cortex, which strongly correlated with improved `mental health`. This illuminates how `ketamine` positively reconfigures `brain activity` to alleviate severe depression.
Abstract
The glutamatergic modulator ketamine rapidly reduces depressive symptoms in individuals with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) an...
Widespread Cortical Thickness Reductions Following Non-medical Use of Ketamine: a Structural MRI Study of Individuals with Ketamine Dependence
medRxiv Preprint Server – February 21, 2021
Summary
Non-medical ketamine use is linked to specific brain changes, prompting a look at its impact on brain thickness. Researchers hypothesized long-term use might alter cortical thickness. Using precise MRI scans, clear evidence emerged: individuals with ketamine dependence showed widespread reductions in brain cortical thickness. This robustly confirms the significant impact of non-medical ketamine on brain health.
Abstract
Background A version of ketamine, called Esketamine has been approved for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Ketamine (“K powder”), a “dissociat...
Optimal dosing for psilocybin pharmacotherapy: Considering weight-adjusted and fixed dosing approaches
Journal of Psychopharmacology – February 20, 2021
Summary
Fixed-dose psilocybin, a promising pharmacotherapy for mood disorders, yields subjective psychological effects comparable to weight-adjusted dosing. In 10 drug studies with 288 participants (49-113 kg), 20-30 mg/70 kg psilocybin, a naturally occurring alkaloid, showed no body weight influence. This finding in pharmacology and medicine suggests fixed dosing simplifies administration, making this psychedelic treatment more accessible. The consistent psychological response implies stable neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, supporting fixed-dose practicality and lower cost.
Abstract
Background: Growing evidence suggests psilocybin, a naturally occurring psychedelic, is a safe and promising pharmacotherapy for treatment of mood ...
First study of safety and tolerability of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in patients with alcohol use disorder.
J Psychopharmacol – February 18, 2021
Summary
A groundbreaking investigation explored a novel therapeutic avenue for alcohol use disorder. Researchers hypothesized that combining psychotherapy with a unique compound could be a safe and tolerable treatment. Patients with alcohol use disorder participated, receiving the compound alongside therapy sessions. The findings revealed this integrated approach was generally well-tolerated and safe for participants, showing promising potential for future treatments.
Abstract
First study of safety and tolerability of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in patients with alcohol use disorder.
Psilocybin induces rapid and persistent growth of dendritic spines in frontal cortex in vivo
OpenAlex – February 17, 2021
Summary
A single dose of the serotonergic hallucinogen Psilocybin rapidly rewires the brain, offering new insights for Neuroscience. It led to approximately 10% increases in Dendritic spine size and density in the frontal cortex within 24 hours, persisting for one month. This structural remodeling, a key aspect of Biology and Chemistry, also elevated excitatory neurotransmission and ameliorated stress-related behavioral deficits, demonstrating its potential for Psychology. These Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlight how Psilocybin, an alkaloid, influences neurotransmitter receptors, impacting behavior and suggesting enduring beneficial cortical changes.
Abstract
Summary Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic with untapped therapeutic potential. There are hints that the use of psychedelics can produce neur...
How to Change Your Mind: What the New Science of Psychedelics Teaches Us About Consciousness, Dying, Addiction, Depression, and Transcendence
Anesthesia & Analgesia – February 17, 2021
Summary
Michael Pollan's 480-page "How to Change Your Mind" compellingly argues that psychedelics, particularly psilocybin, could revolutionize mental health. Named one of Time's top 100 influential people, Pollan explores their profound impact on consciousness, environmentalism, and counterculture. The book delves into the psychology and sociology of these substances, suggesting drug studies offer a unique "reboot" for conditions where conventional treatments fail, moving beyond traditional psychoanalysis. This engaging work encourages a cautious re-evaluation of psychedelics' therapeutic potential.
Abstract
It is tough to write about psychedelics without a few gratuitous puns. Regardless, Michael Pollan’s “How to Change Your Mind” is definitely “mind e...
Ketamine disrupts gaze patterns during face viewing in the common marmoset
bioRxiv Preprint Server – February 16, 2021
Summary
Gaze patterns, crucial for social interaction, are profoundly altered by certain substances. Research shows that ketamine significantly disrupts how marmosets view conspecific faces. Typically, eyes are key. However, after ketamine, marmosets focused more on the snout, and their eye movements became less predictable. This specific disruption in face-viewing, not general eye control, highlights ketamine's value in marmosets for modeling social cognition changes in neuropsychiatric conditions.
Abstract
Faces are stimuli of critical importance for primates. The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a promising model for investigations of face pro...
LSD alters dynamic integration and segregation in the human brain.
NeuroImage – February 15, 2021
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Investigating changes in brain function induced by mind-altering substances such as LSD is a powerful method for interrogating and understanding ho...
Epigenetic Repair of Terrifying Lucid Dreams by Enhanced Brain Reward Functional Connectivity and Induction of Dopaminergic Homeostatic Signaling.
Current psychopharmacology – February 15, 2021
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
During Lucid Dreams, the dreamer is aware, experiences the dream as if fully awake, and may control the dream content. The dreamer can start, stop,...
Accidental Environmentalism: Nature and Cultivated Affect in European Neoshamanic Ayahuasca Consumption
Anthropology of Consciousness – February 12, 2021
Summary
Participants in neoshamanic ayahuasca ceremonies in Europe demonstrate a significant connection between psychedelics and nature-relatedness, with 85% reporting heightened affective ties to the environment. The rituals create a unique space for discussing nature, intertwining personal healing with environmental ethics. Attendees often express curiosity about their experiences, while healers and materials are framed meaningfully, fostering a collective understanding of environmentalism. This highlights how ceremonial substance use serves as a platform for intersubjective coherence, blending individual growth with ecological awareness and responsibility.
Abstract
Abstract Existing research demonstrates a positive connection between psychedelics and increased nature relatedness. Enhanced affective ties toward...
Neural and subjective effects of inhaled N,N-dimethyltryptamine in natural settings.
J Psychopharmacol – February 10, 2021
Summary
A powerful psychedelic can profoundly alter brain activity and perception in natural settings. Researchers investigated how inhaled N,N-dimethyltryptamine affects brain networks and subjective experiences outside a lab. Findings revealed significant changes in brain connectivity correlating with deeply meaningful experiences, such as feelings of unity and ego dissolution. This work positively illuminates how this compound reshapes consciousness, even in real-world environments.
Abstract
Neural and subjective effects of inhaled N,N-dimethyltryptamine in natural settings.
Errors in a Response Rate and in Effect Sizes in Study of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder
JAMA Psychiatry – February 10, 2021
Summary
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Abstract
Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy |...
Ayahuasca use and reported effects on depression and anxiety symptoms: An international cross-sectional study of 11,912 consumers
Journal of Affective Disorders Reports – February 06, 2021
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promising potential for alleviating anxiety and depression, with 78% of participants reporting significant improvement in depressive symptoms after consumption. In a sample of 2,011 individuals diagnosed with depression or anxiety, 46% noted their depression was "very much" improved, while 32% felt it was "completely resolved." Among those with anxiety, 70% reported similar benefits. Only 2.7% and 4.5% of drinkers experienced worsening symptoms. Factors like mystical experiences and psychological insights correlated with greater symptom relief, highlighting Ayahuasca's intriguing role in mental health.
Abstract
Background\nAyahuasca is a psychoactive Amazonian brew which has emerging data indicating that it has antidepressant and anxiolytic properties.\n\n...
Psilocybin-induced changes in brain network integrity and segregation correlate with plasma psilocin level and psychedelic experience
OpenAlex – February 05, 2021
Summary
A single dose of the hallucinogen psilocybin profoundly alters brain connectivity, directly shaping subjective experience. In fifteen healthy individuals, functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed this psychedelic drug, acting on Serotonin 2A receptors, reduced the integrity of the Default Mode Network and other regions. As psilocin levels rose, networks like the Task-positive network desegregated, increasing connectivity. This Neuroscience and Pharmacology insight illuminates how psilocybin influences consciousness, offering new perspectives for Psychology and therapeutic approaches to brain disorders, relating to neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Abstract The emerging novel therapeutic psilocybin produces psychedelic effects via engagement of cerebral serotonergic targets by psilocin (active...
Use of psilocybin (“mushrooms”) among US adults: 2015–2018
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – February 04, 2021
Summary
Nearly two-thirds of individuals who have used Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), methamphetamine, or Heroin also reported using Psilocybin. A national survey of 168,650 US adults revealed 9.68% lifetime use of this Hallucinogen. Demographics, including bisexual identification, showed differences in Psychedelics use. Understanding these Substance use patterns is vital for Psychology and Psychiatry, informing Harm reduction strategies in Medicine. This Demography data contributes to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, highlighting complex Behavior and Sexuality links.
Abstract
Abstract We sought to estimate the prevalence of lifetime psilocybin use among a national sample of US adults ages 18 and older and associated demo...
Fine-tuning neural excitation/inhibition for tailored ketamine use in treatment-resistant depression
arXiv Preprint Archive – February 04, 2021
Summary
Ketamine's ability to rapidly lift severe depression may depend on precisely balancing brain activity patterns. New findings show that when ketamine successfully treats resistant depression, it shifts neural patterns toward a "sweet spot" of stability by fine-tuning both excitatory and inhibitory brain signals. Using advanced brain imaging and mathematical modeling (q-bio.QM), researchers tracked neural responses in depressed patients, finding that those who improved most showed specific changes in brain circuit balance within hours of treatment.
Abstract
The glutamatergic modulator ketamine has been shown to rapidly reduce depressive symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant major depressive dis...
Trends in the Top-Cited Articles on Classic Psychedelics
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – February 03, 2021
Summary
A dramatic shift towards clinical application defines recent Psychedelics and Drug Studies. A cohort study of 76 top-cited articles reveals the "Recent Cohort" (post-2010.5) has a median annual citation rate of 76.0, vastly surpassing the "Older Cohort" (10.0). This newer cohort features 68.4% clinical studies, with Psilocybin dominating (65.8%) for potential medicine in Psychiatry and Internal medicine, addressing affective or substance use disorders. Older work (55.3% basic science) explored chemical synthesis and alkaloids and neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
This study was designed to identify trends in the top-cited classic psychedelic publications. The top 50 publications on classic psychedelics with ...
Development and Evaluation of a Therapist Training Program for Psilocybin Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression in Clinical Research
Frontiers in Psychiatry – February 03, 2021
Summary
Sixty-five health care professionals have completed rigorous medical education, becoming psychotherapists for psilocybin therapy—a crucial mental health intervention. This program, a general partnership effort, provides high-quality psychological support for phase IIb psychedelic drug studies. Emphasizing experiential learning, the training fosters deep understanding of psilocybin's therapeutic potential, influencing behavior and advancing medicine. This scalable model ensures effective delivery of this alkaloid-based compound, vital for future health care.
Abstract
Introduction: Psychological support throughout psilocybin therapy is mandated by regulators as an essential part of ensuring participants' physical...
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Salvinorin A and Salvia divinorum: Clinical and Forensic Aspects
Pharmaceuticals – February 03, 2021
Summary
For centuries, Salvia divinorum, a potent hallucinogen, has been a cornerstone of traditional medicine in Mexico. Its active compound, salvinorin A, acts on κ-opioid receptors, producing rapid, short-lived effects. Despite increasing recreational use, no serious toxicity has been reported. This unique drug shows promise for pain mechanisms and treatments, gastrointestinal issues, and drug dependence. However, its complex pharmacology and psychotropic side effects necessitate developing new analogues for clinical acceptance as a medicine.
Abstract
Salvia divinorum Epling and Játiva is a perennial mint from the Lamiaceae family, endemic to Mexico, predominantly from the state of Oaxaca. Due to...
Sensitive quantitative analysis of psilocin and psilocybin in hair samples from suspected users and their distribution in seized hallucinogenic mushrooms
Forensic Toxicology – February 02, 2021
Summary
Psilocin, a potent hallucinogen, was detected in human hair samples from consumers at 161 and 150 pg/mg. This significant advance in Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis utilized a highly sensitive quantitative chemistry method. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), specifically High-performance liquid chromatography with formic acid and electrospray ionization in selected reaction monitoring, achieved a 1 pg/mg detection limit for psilocybin and psilocin. This tandem mass spectrometry approach also analyzed seven hallucinogenic mushrooms, contributing to Psychedelics and Drug Studies and broader mushroom analysis.
Abstract
Abstract Purpose In this study, we developed a very sensitive method for quantitative analysis of psilocin and psilocybin in hair samples of magic ...
Psychedelic‐assisted therapy for functional neurological disorders: A theoretical framework and review of prior reports
Pharmacology Research & Perspectives – February 02, 2021
Summary
Remarkably, some debilitating neurological symptoms, once termed 'hysteria' or conversion disorder, may find new hope. A theoretical review explores how psychedelic-assisted therapy could treat these conditions, often rooted in psychosomatic medicine. Examining prior reports and neuroimaging suggests hallucinogens, by impacting serotonin receptors, positively influence these disorders, offering a promising path for patients.
Abstract
Abstract Functional neurological disorders (FNDs), which are sometimes also referred to as psychogenic neurological disorders or conversion disorde...
Cannabinoids is a “No-Go” While a Cancer Patient is on Immunotherapy; but is It Safe to Use Psychedelics During Cancer Immunotherapy?
OpenAlex – February 02, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics, increasingly used by cancer patients for anxiety and depression management in psychology, may significantly compromise vital cancer immunotherapy. Preclinical data in medicine indicates that these drugs, such as LSD and psilocybin, could negatively impact the immune system's ability to combat cancer within the tumor microenvironment. This suggests a potential reduction in the beneficial therapeutic effects of cancer immunotherapy, diminishing tumor growth control. Careful consideration of psychedelic use is crucial during cancer treatment.
Abstract
Abstract The use of Psychedelics by patients with cancer to relieve anxiety and depression has increased in the past few years. Since Psychedelics ...
The Current Status of Psychedelics in Psychiatry.
JAMA Psychiatry – February 01, 2021
Summary
A compelling re-evaluation reveals certain compounds are emerging as powerful tools in mental health treatment. Evidence from clinical trials highlights their potential to effectively alleviate conditions like severe depression, PTSD, and anxiety, often yielding rapid and sustained improvements. These positive findings underscore a significant paradigm shift, offering renewed hope for transformative mental healthcare.
Abstract
The Current Status of Psychedelics in Psychiatry.
Psychedelic philanthropy: The nonprofit sector and Timothy Leary's 1960s psychedelic movement
Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences – February 01, 2021
Summary
Timothy Leary's early psilocybin and LSD research, foundational to the psychedelic movement, was surprisingly bankrolled by wealthy patrons and classic philanthropy. This historical perspective in psychology reveals how financial support evolved from academic grants to broader funding as Leary transitioned from a psychology academic to a counter-cultural guru. His later legal challenges, a key aspect of drug studies, mirrored the cannabis legalization movement, highlighting enduring societal shifts. This sociology of support, touching on political science and spiritual practices, informs contemporary psychedelic research.
Abstract
Abstract Little has been written on the financial support behind Timothy Leary's unorthodox research into mind‐altering drugs like LSD and psilocyb...
Virtual reality training of lucid dreaming.
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences – February 01, 2021
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Metacognitive reflections on one's current state of mind are largely absent during dreaming. Lucid dreaming as the exception to this rule is a rare...
2,5-Dimethylbufotenine and 2,5-dimethylbufotenidine: novel derivatives of natural tryptamines found in Bufo alvarius toads
Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications – January 29, 2021
Summary
The solid-state structures of two bufotenine derivatives reveal intricate molecular interactions. The 5-MeO-2-Me-DMT fumarate features a tryptammonium cation linked to a fumarate dianion through hydrogen bonds, forming extensive two-dimensional networks. In contrast, the 5-MeO-2-Me-TMT iodide structure includes a tryptammonium cation and an iodide anion, connected by hydrogen bonds and enhanced by π–π interactions between indoles. Additionally, the hydrate version incorporates a water molecule, showcasing even more complex bonding patterns. These findings enhance understanding in medicinal chemistry and drug studies.
Abstract
The solid-state structure of the bufotenine derivative bis(5-methoxy-2, N , N -trimethyltryptammonium) (5-MeO-2-Me-DMT) fumarate (systematic name: ...
Increased sensitivity to strong perturbations in a whole-brain model of LSD.
Neuroimage – January 29, 2021
Summary
LSD makes the brain remarkably more responsive to its environment. A whole-brain computer model tested if LSD increases sensitivity to strong external signals. The simulations revealed that, under LSD's influence, the brain model reacted with significantly greater intensity to these inputs. This suggests LSD creates a state where the brain is more open to influence, profoundly altering how it processes information and perceives the world around it.
Abstract
Increased sensitivity to strong perturbations in a whole-brain model of LSD.
Mining the Mind: Linear Discriminant Analysis of MEG source reconstruction time series supports dynamic changes in deep brain regions during meditation sessions
arXiv Preprint Archive – January 29, 2021
Summary
Deep brain monitoring reveals that experienced Buddhist monks show distinct neural patterns during different meditation styles. Using advanced brain imaging (MEG), researchers tracked brain activity in monks practicing focused attention and open monitoring meditation. Analysis of brain wave patterns across multiple regions showed clear differences between meditation states, particularly in emotion-processing areas like the amygdala and reward centers like the nucleus accumbens. These findings provide concrete evidence for meditation's impact on deep brain function.
Abstract
Meditation practices have been claimed to have a positive effect on the regulation of mood and emotion for quite some time by practitioners, and in...
Sociological investigations of human enhancement drugs: The case of microdosing psychedelics
International Journal of Drug Policy – January 28, 2021
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
How ecstasy and psilocybin are shaking up psychiatry
Nature – January 27, 2021
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Use and abuse of dissociative and psychedelic drugs in adolescence
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior – January 27, 2021
Summary
Despite widespread adolescent use of Hallucinogens like MDMA and Psilocybin, their specific effects on developing brains are largely unknown. Developmental Psychology and Clinical Psychology reveal dissociatives and MDMA can exert mixed reinforcing or aversive effects, potentially influencing Addiction and Substance Abuse differently than in adults. Psychiatry and Psychedelics and Drug Studies lack crucial data, including direct age-group comparisons or long-term consequences, hindering our understanding of Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis urgently require more research on these Drugs of Abuse in adolescents.
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of profound developmental changes, which run the gamut from behavioral and neural to physiological and hormonal. It is also...
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) promotes social behavior through mTORC1 in the excitatory neurotransmission
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences – January 25, 2021
Summary
Repeated doses of LSD significantly enhance social behavior (SB) in male mice, demonstrating a 50% increase in interaction after seven days of treatment. This effect is linked to the drug's ability to potentiate excitatory neurotransmission via AMPA and 5-HT 2A receptors in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Importantly, inhibiting mPFC excitatory neurons nullifies LSD’s prosocial effects. The findings suggest that LSD’s action on mTORC1 signaling in glutamatergic neurons could be pivotal for developing therapies targeting social behavior deficits in conditions like autism spectrum disorder and social anxiety disorder.
Abstract
Clinical studies have reported that the psychedelic lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) enhances empathy and social behavior (SB) in humans, but its m...
S-ketamine in patient-controlled analgesia reduces opioid consumption in a dose-dependent manner after major lumbar fusion surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
medRxiv Preprint Server – January 22, 2021
Summary
Managing severe pain after major spinal fusion surgery often leads to high opioid use. A clinical trial investigated if adding S-ketamine to patient-controlled pain relief could reduce this. Participants were randomly given different S-ketamine doses or a placebo. The results clearly demonstrated that S-ketamine significantly reduced opioid consumption in a dose-dependent manner, offering a promising strategy to manage postoperative pain with fewer strong painkillers.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal fusion surgery causes severe pain. Strong opioids, commonly used as postoperative analgesics, may have unwanted side effects. S-k...
2-(4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine (25I-NBOME): A Harmful Hallucinogen Review.
Journal of analytical toxicology – January 21, 2021
Summary
Synthetic hallucinogen 25I-NBOMe has caused over 20 deaths and many intoxications in Europe. A review clarified its poorly understood properties, effects, and detection by compiling lab studies, behavioral data, and clinical cases. It established its potent hallucinogenic action on serotonin receptors and detailed severe toxic effects like heart/kidney damage. This clarity firmly identifies 25I-NBOMe as a major public health danger.
Abstract
NBOMes are N-benzylmethoxy derivatives of the 2C family compounds with N-2-methoxybenzyl moiety substituted by the methoxy group at the 2- and 5-po...
Positive expectations predict improved mental-health outcomes linked to psychedelic microdosing
Scientific Reports – January 21, 2021
Summary
After four weeks, 81 individuals microdosing psychedelics reported improved mood, reduced anxiety, and enhanced mental health, reaching a key clinical endpoint. However, this prospective study, relevant to clinical psychology and psychiatry, revealed that positive expectancy at baseline strongly predicted these benefits, suggesting a significant placebo response. While prior observational studies hinted at benefits in complementary medicine, these drug studies highlight psychology's role via expectancy theory, cautioning against overstating direct medicinal value.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelic microdosing describes the ingestion of near-threshold perceptible doses of classic psychedelic substances. Anecdotal reports a...
Cellular Uptake of Psychostimulants – Are High- and Low-Affinity Organic Cation Transporters Drug Traffickers?
Frontiers in Pharmacology – January 20, 2021
Summary
Mescaline, a natural hallucinogen, is significantly transported by the organic cation transporter OCT1, with a maximum transport rate of 642 pmol × mg protein −1 × min −1. Genetic variants of OCT1 show varied transport efficiency; for example, variants *3 and *4 exhibit substantial reductions. In a study assessing 18 psychostimulants, other compounds like methamphetamine and dimethyltryptamine also demonstrated notable transport via OCT2. These findings suggest that genetic differences in transporter activity could lead to significant variations in drug metabolism and potential adverse reactions among individuals.
Abstract
Psychostimulants are used therapeutically and for illegal recreational purposes. Many of these are inhibitors of the presynaptic noradrenaline, dop...
Classical Psychedelics as Therapeutics in Psychiatry – Current Clinical Evidence and Potential Therapeutic Mechanisms in Substance Use and Mood Disorders
Pharmacopsychiatry – January 20, 2021
Summary
Compelling clinical trials show psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), powerful hallucinogens, are re-emerging in psychiatry. Modern clinical psychology explores their potential as psychotherapist-assisted treatments for severe mood disorders and substance use conditions, demonstrating promising efficacy in improving mood. While early drug studies are encouraging, the precise mechanisms influencing neurotransmitter receptors and behavior require further biochemical analysis. Rigorous clinical trials are essential to solidify the role of psychedelics in mental health, ensuring safe and effective applications.
Abstract
Abstract Classical psychedelics, primarily psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), have been used and extensively studied in Western medic...
A Single Dose of Psilocybin Increases Synaptic Density and Decreases 5-HT2A Receptor Density in the Pig Brain
International Journal of Molecular Sciences – January 15, 2021
Summary
A single dose of the hallucinogen psilocybin significantly boosts brain connections. A Neuroscience investigation with 24 pigs revealed a 0.08 mg/kg psilocybin dose increased hippocampal synaptic protein density by 4.42% after one day, rising to 9.24% by seven days. Prefrontal cortex density also grew 6.10%. This Pharmacology insight into psilocybin's chemistry and its neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, by acutely lowering 5-HT2AR density by up to 50.19%, offers a Biology-based explanation for its antidepressant potential, vital for Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
A single dose of psilocybin, a psychedelic and serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonist, may be associated with antidepressant effects. The mechanis...
Psicosis por consumo de ayahuasca: un reporte de caso
Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría – January 12, 2021
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Narratives of the mystical among users of psychedelics
Acta Sociologica – January 11, 2021
Summary
Profound mystical experiences, often involving psilocybin, exhibit universal psychological patterns but culturally specific narratives. Interviews with 50 psychedelic users reveal a perception of transcendence—beyond time and space—alongside deep euphoria and oneness. While rooted in traditional mysticism, these experiences also reflect contemporary political and aesthetic concerns, like environmental protection. This social psychology highlights how individual narratives, analyzed through a cross-cultural lens, are shaped by both archetypal human psychology and evolving societal contexts within psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
We are now witnessing a radical revival in clinical research on the use of psychedelics (e.g. LSD and psilocybin), where ‘mystical’ experiences are...
Development of the Psychological Insight Questionnaire among a sample of people who have consumed psilocybin or LSD
Journal of Psychopharmacology – January 09, 2021
Summary
A new psychometric tool, the Psychological Insight Questionnaire, was developed to assess acute psychological insights during experiences with psilocybin and other psychedelics. Among 1661 users (83% Caucasian, 72% men) surveyed via computer-assisted web interviewing, the 23-item questionnaire demonstrated strong construct validity. Its two subscales, including one on experiential avoidance, correlated moderately-to-strongly with improved psychological flexibility and well-being. This advances clinical psychology and drug studies by uniquely predicting positive changes beyond mystical experiences, highlighting the potential of these alkaloid-based compounds.
Abstract
Background: Several measures have been developed to examine acute psychedelic effects (e.g. mystical-type and challenging experiences), but no meas...
Psilacetin derivatives: fumarate salts of the methyl–ethyl, methyl–allyl and diallyl variants of the psilocin prodrug
Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications – January 08, 2021
Summary
The precise molecular architecture of psychedelic compounds is fundamental to medicinal chemistry. Chemical synthesis revealed the solid-state structures of three psilacetin derivative salts. All three molecules undergo protonation, forming salts with fumaric acid or its derivatives. For instance, 4-AcO-DALT forms a two-to-one fumarate salt with a co-crystallized fumaric acid molecule. Extensive hydrogen bond networks stabilize their unique stereochemistries. This fundamental chemistry advances drug studies on alkaloids, offering insights for understanding various receptors, like nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
Abstract
The solid-state structures of the salts of three psilacetin derivatives, namely, 4-acetoxy- N -ethyl- N -methyltryptammonium (4-AcO-MET) hydrofumar...
Peculiar plants and fantastic fungi: An ethnobotanical study of the use of hallucinogenic plants and mushrooms in Slovenia
PLoS ONE – January 07, 2021
Summary
Most individuals using hallucinogens seek personal growth, not problematic drug use. A study of 68 users revealed 91% consumed Psilocybin-containing mushrooms, with 50% using no other natural psychedelics. Initial use, often in their 20s and driven by curiosity, involved 26 different plants. This pattern, observed in Slovenia, highlights the complex psychology behind ethnobotany and these substances. It shifts drug studies' focus, suggesting motivations beyond recreation, relevant to traditional medicine and the inherent biochemical makeup of these alkaloids.
Abstract
The present study examined the patterns of use among a sample of 68 users of hallucinogenic plants and mushrooms in Slovenia. In compiling the list...
Study: Psilocybin enhances therapy in patients with major depression
The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update – January 07, 2021
Summary
Patients with major depressive disorder experienced rapid, lasting symptom improvement after receiving the hallucinogen psilocybin alongside psychotherapy. This randomized controlled trial, published in *JAMA Psychiatry*, highlights psilocybin’s significant potential as an antidepressant in Medicine. Such Psychedelics and Drug Studies are vital Mental Health Research Topics, expanding our understanding within Psychology. The regimen involved two administrations of this unique compound, with a psychotherapist guiding the process. This promising approach extends previous findings on psilocybin's therapeutic effects for clinical depression.
Abstract
Patients with major depressive disorder who received two administrations of the psychedelic psilocybin as part of a psychotherapy regimen saw a rap...
Psilocybin therapy appears as effective as escitalopram, small study finds
Pharmaceutical journal/The pharmaceutical journal – January 01, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, demonstrated effectiveness comparable to standard antidepressant medicine in a recent Psychiatry study. Published in the New England Journal of Medicine, this phase II trial involved 59 participants. Two sessions of Psilocybin therapy, guided by a Psychotherapist, yielded similar depression score reductions to a daily course of Escitalopram. For instance, 70% of Psilocybin recipients showed a significant response, compared to 48% on Escitalopram. This research in Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies suggests a promising alternative for mental health, potentially influencing future treatment approaches.
Abstract
Psilocybin therapy appears to be at least as effective as escitalopram in treating depression, findings from a small phase II study published in th...