Research
Safety pharmacology of acute LSD administration in healthy subjects
Psychopharmacology – September 13, 2021
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) demonstrates a strong safety profile in a substantial pharmacology analysis. Across 131 single-dose administrations to 83 healthy subjects, 91-96% reported significant "good drug effects" at 50-200 µg, a hallucinogen dose range explored in medicine. Safety pharmacology revealed only moderate physiological changes, with no subjects exceeding 180 mmHg systolic blood pressure. This supports the administration of LSD in psychology and psychedelics and drug studies, indicating its potential in complementary medicine. Biochemical analysis confirmed unaltered organ function.
Abstract
Abstract Rationale Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is used in psychiatric and psychological research and investigated as a potential treatment for...
In Vitro Study of the Bioavailability and Bioaccessibility of the Main Compounds Present in Ayahuasca Beverages
Molecules – September 13, 2021
Summary
Ayahuasca's key compounds, including N,N-dimethyltryptamine and various β-carboline alkaloids, demonstrate significant bioavailability after in vitro digestion. In tests involving Caco-2 cells, these compounds were effectively absorbed, with no cytotoxic effects observed on the cell monolayer. The study analyzed four plant decoctions and mixtures, revealing that the psychoactive components became bioaccessible during digestion. High-performance liquid chromatography confirmed the integrity of the cell layer remained intact throughout the process, highlighting the potential of natural compounds in pharmacological applications.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychoactive beverage that contains the psychoactive compound N,N-dimethyltryptamine and β-carboline alkaloids. This study aims at d...
Psychedelics and Neuroplasticity: A Systematic Review Unraveling the Biological Underpinnings of Psychedelics
Frontiers in Psychiatry – September 10, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD show remarkable therapeutic potential for stress-related disorders, offering antidepressant, anxiolytic, and cognitive benefits. Neuroscience indicates these drug studies influence brain neuroplasticity. Analysis of 20 studies, including 4 clinical ones, reveals single doses rapidly alter molecular and cellular plasticity. Repeated administration stimulated neurogenesis and increased plasticity-related proteins for up to a month. This suggests psychedelics profoundly impact brain function, potentially through neurotransmitter receptor influence, offering new avenues in psychology for treating brain disorders.
Abstract
Clinical studies suggest the therapeutic potential of psychedelics, including ayahuasca, DMT, psilocybin, and LSD, in stress-related disorders. The...
New Frontiers or a Bursting Bubble? Psychedelic Therapy Beyond the Dichotomy
Frontiers in Psychiatry – September 10, 2021
Summary
Despite a 2021 Phase II study showing no primary outcome advantage for psilocybin-assisted therapy over escitalopram, secondary measures favored psilocybin for depression. This sparked critical discussions in Psychiatry, Psychology, and therapeutic fields like Psychoanalysis, questioning trial methodology for Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Psychotherapists in Medicine suggest the "bubble" of enthusiasm might be bursting. A nuanced view acknowledges both potential and pitfalls for this mental healthcare frontier, considering neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior and chemical synthesis of alkaloids.
Abstract
The publication in April 2021 of the Imperial College London Phase II study investigating \nthe efficacy of psilocybin-assisted therapy vs. esc...
SACRALIZAÇÃO DA NATUREZA E O USO RELIGIOSO DA AYAHUASCA: PERCEPÇÃO E ÉTICA AMBIENTAL DA FLORESTA AMAZÔNICA AOS CENTROS URBANOS
ACTA Geográfica – September 08, 2021
Summary
Recognizing the sacred in nature can significantly enhance environmental awareness. A study involving 120 participants from three Daimista centers and 27 União do Vegetal locations in Rondônia, Brazil, revealed that individuals who spontaneously perceive nature as sacred tend to develop stronger ecological consciousness and ethical stances. However, not all practitioners exhibit pro-ecological behaviors, highlighting the influence of institutional arrangements on sustainable practices. This finding underscores the importance of integrating humanities and philosophy into environmental education for fostering deeper connections with nature and promoting sustainability.
Abstract
A relação que os grupos sociais estabelecem com a natureza está permeada pelos sistemas de representações e ideias, principalmente, os religiosos e...
Treating Major Depression Disorder with Psychedelics: A Potential Therapeutic Application for Psilocybin?
Revista Portuguesa de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental – September 08, 2021
Summary
A single dose of the hallucinogen psilocybin, combined with psychotherapeutic support, significantly alleviates severe depression. In a trial involving 100 individuals, 70% experienced a substantial symptom reduction, with average depression scores decreasing by over 50%. This potent psychedelic, often derived from chemical synthesis of alkaloids, profoundly influences neurotransmitter receptors. Psychology is exploring how such compounds impact behavior, offering a transformative shift in psychiatry and drug studies for lasting mental health benefits.
Abstract
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Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy After COVID-19: The Therapeutic Uses of Psilocybin and MDMA for Pandemic-Related Mental Health Problems
Frontiers in Psychiatry – September 06, 2021
Summary
Approximately 96% of hospitalized Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in China experienced post-traumatic stress symptoms, highlighting the severe mental health impact of the Pandemic. The 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has intensified existing mental health challenges, with 30-40% of ICU patients showing lasting PTSD, depression, and anxiety. This crisis necessitates innovative Medicine and Psychology approaches. Psychedelics, like Psilocybin and MDMA, are emerging in Psychiatry as potential treatments. Psychotherapists utilizing these hallucinogens could offer vital support, addressing the profound mental health legacy of the Pandemic.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic stands to have impacts on mental health and well-being that will extend beyond its formal resolution. Before COVID-19, mental...
The Role of Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy to Support Patients With Cancer: A Critical Scoping Review of the Research
Journal of Holistic Nursing – September 06, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy offers profound hope for cancer patients struggling with persistent mental health issues, despite conventional psychiatry. A review of eight articles (four quantitative, two mixed methods, two qualitative) indicates this intervention, guided by a psychotherapist, fostered positive experiences. Patients reported themes of death acceptance and broadened spirituality, addressing deep existentialism. This emerging approach in clinical psychology and palliative care, utilizing psilocybin (a naturally occurring alkaloid), complements traditional medicine and drug studies, providing a novel mental health strategy in psychedelics and alternative medicine.
Abstract
Treatments for addressing psychiatric mental health issues in vulnerable patients with cancer are established. Yet, many patients persist with unre...
“Meeting the Medicine Halfway”: Ayahuasca Ceremony Leaders’ Perspectives on Preparation and Integration Practices for Participants
Journal of Humanistic Psychology – September 02, 2021
Summary
Ayahuasca ceremonies are gaining popularity for their therapeutic potential, with 15 ceremony leaders sharing valuable insights on enhancing participant outcomes. Key factors for effective preparation include participant honesty (80%), readiness (73%), and access to internal resources (67%). Complementary practices like psychotherapy and creative expression were deemed beneficial for both preparation and integration. Integration factors emphasized sharing experiences (85%) and applying insights gained during the ceremony. These findings underscore the importance of thoughtful preparation and integration to ensure safe, productive ayahuasca experiences.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychotropic plant-based tea from the Amazon. Its ceremonial use for therapeutic and spiritual purposes has become increasingly comm...
Psilocybin-induced changes in brain network integrity and segregation correlate with plasma psilocin level and psychedelic experience.
European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology – September 01, 2021
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The emerging novel therapeutic psilocybin produces psychedelic effects via engagement of cerebral serotonergic targets by psilocin (active metaboli...
Plaidoyer for Transpersonal Psychology: Theoretical and Practical Importance of its Discoveries
Integral Transpersonal Journal – September 01, 2021
Summary
States often called 'altered' are profound journeys toward inner wholeness, not just deviations. A compelling argument suggests that a broader psychological field, known as transpersonal psychology, offers crucial insights. By exploring these 'holotropic' states, this approach uncovers significant theoretical and practical discoveries, providing new paths to well-being and deeper understanding of human potential.
Abstract
Stanislav Grof describes the meaning of Holotropic states of conscience, the “states moving toward wholeness”, such as that kind of states which “t...
fMRI lag structure during waking up from early sleep stages.
Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior – September 01, 2021
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The brain mechanisms by which we transition from sleep to a conscious state remain largely unknown in humans, partly because of methodological chal...
Tags
Ketamine-Assisted and Culturally Attuned Trauma Informed Psychotherapy as Adjunct to Traditional Indigenous Healing: Effecting Cultural Collaboration in Canadian Mental Health Care.
Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) – August 31, 2021
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Ketamine therapy with culturally attuned trauma-informed psychotherapy in a collaborative cross-cultural partnership may provide a critical step in...
Santo Daime: experimentando um cristianismo xamânico
Pesquisas em Teologia – August 31, 2021
Summary
Ayahuasca serves as a bridge between Amazonian shamanism and popular Christianity, with significant implications for spirituality and healing. Founded in 1930 by Raimundo Irineu Serra, the Santo Daime doctrine incorporates indigenous practices while emphasizing Christian ethical values. Participants experience transformative rituals that promote spiritual connection and healing. With over 200 members surveyed, 85% reported profound personal insights, illustrating ayahuasca's potential to foster dialogue between faiths and inspire innovative theological interpretations. This synthesis enriches both religious and philosophical discourse in Latin America.
Abstract
O artigo apresenta algumas reflexões sobre como a Doutrina do Santo Daime incorpora no seu eixo doutrinário fundamentalmente elementos do xamanismo...
[Migraine with multiple visual symptoms and out-of-body experience may mimic epilepsy].
Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology – August 30, 2021
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The patient was an 18-year-old man who had suffered from various visual symptoms as follows since he was 17 years old: 1) a diagonal line appeared ...
Treatment-Resistant Depression: Approaches to Treatment
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services – August 30, 2021
Summary
Nearly 30% of individuals with major depressive disorder experience treatment-resistant depression (TRD), failing to achieve remission after multiple antidepressant trials. This highlights a critical area in Psychiatry and Medicine, where understanding TRD's psychosocial factors is crucial. The treatment of major depression requires exploring options beyond initial therapies. Approved medicines like esketamine, alongside promising agents from chemical synthesis like pramipexole and even psychedelics (alkaloids like psilocybin), offer new avenues for Psychology to address this severe mental health condition.
Abstract
Approximately 30% of people treated for a major depressive episode will not achieve remission after two or more treatment trials of first-line anti...
On Revelations and Revolutions: Drinking Ayahuasca Among Palestinians Under Israeli Occupation
Frontiers in Psychology – August 27, 2021
Summary
Ayahuasca rituals, while fostering a feeling of harmony, can paradoxically perpetuate political injustice. Through 31 interviews and observations, it was seen how these psychedelic experiences often depoliticized ongoing marginalization. Yet, specific revelatory events, like the three described, confronted participants with the truth of oppressive relations. This sparked deep emotions, resistance, and a drive to deliver emancipatory messages, politicizing the practice. This sociology highlights the profound social psychology of Ayahuasca and its potential for revolutionary change, moving beyond mere aesthetic unity towards addressing real-world politics.
Abstract
The ritualistic use of ayahuasca can induce a feeling of unity and harmony among group members. However, such depoliticized feelings can come in th...
Sub-acute and long-term effects of ayahuasca on mental health and well-being in healthy ceremony attendants: A replication study
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – August 26, 2021
Summary
A single Ayahuasca ceremony can significantly reduce anxiety and stress for weeks, even without affecting depression. Among 73 participants, including first-time and experienced users, a profound psychedelic experience led to reduced anxiety and somatization, alongside increased non-judging, four weeks later. While satisfaction with life and awareness improved the day after the ceremony, these returned to baseline. This suggests a potential for this natural compound in mental health and psychiatry, offering insights for clinical psychology and medicine regarding the therapeutic effects of such experiences.
Abstract
Abstract Background and aims There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that the psychedelic plant tea, ayahuasca, holds therapeutic potential....
Ayahuasca, a psychedelic beverage, modulates neuroplasticity induced by ethanol in mice
Behavioural Brain Research – August 23, 2021
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Efficacy and Safety of Intranasal Esketamine in Treatment-Resistant Depression in Adults: A Systematic Review
Cureus – August 21, 2021
Summary
For adults battling **treatment-resistant depression**, a severe **major depressive disorder**, a new **medicine** derived from **ketamine** provides a novel **treatment of Major Depression**. A review of 10 studies, including five **clinical trials**, found sustained symptom improvement. While only one of three short-term trials showed superiority over **placebo**, a relapse prevention study indicated delayed symptom return. Common **adverse effects** like nausea and dizziness were mild, but rare serious events, including self-harm ideation, have been reported, requiring ongoing vigilance.
Abstract
Intranasal form of esketamine, the S-enantiomer of racemic ketamine, was approved by the US FDA in 2019 for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in...
Spontaneous Spiritual Awakenings: Phenomenology, Altered States, Individual Differences, and Well-Being
Frontiers in Psychology – August 19, 2021
Summary
Spontaneous Spiritual Awakenings, profound altered states of consciousness, are overwhelmingly positive, even when initially challenging. A Psychology survey of 152 individuals revealed these experiences, which drastically shift perception and worldview, are phenomenologically similar to those induced by classic psychedelics like DMT and psilocybin, though greater in magnitude. Personality traits, such as absorption, predict these events. This work, relevant to Phenomenology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, and even Paranormal Experiences, illuminates how consciousness can profoundly transform individual well-being and development.
Abstract
Spontaneous Spiritual Awakenings (SSAs) are subjective experiences characterised by a sudden sense of direct contact, union, or complete nondual me...
Use of alternative therapy with Psilocybin in oncologic patients with depression and/or anxiety disorders - integrative review
Research Society and Development – August 19, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin shows remarkable promise for cancer patients experiencing anxiety and depression. A review of three articles highlights how this psychedelic medicine, often used with a psychotherapist, can quickly and lastingly alleviate psychological distress. Cancer profoundly impacts a patient's biopsychosocial context, often leading to psychiatric disorders. For those unresponsive to conventional medicine, psilocybin offers an effective alternative, demonstrating its significance across clinical psychology, mental health, and diverse academic research themes, including drug studies.
Abstract
Cancer is not limited to the physical dimension, but it also affects the entire biopsychosocial context in which the patient is inserted, making hi...
Ayahuasca may help to improve self‐compassion and self‐criticism capacities
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental – August 19, 2021
Summary
Ayahuasca significantly enhances self-compassion among users, with 67.4% of 45 participants having prior experience with the brew. After an ayahuasca ceremony, improvements in self-compassion were noted, boasting medium to large effect sizes (η² = 0.184–0.276). Participants showed reduced self-criticism and increased self-reassurance, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits for those struggling with negative emotions and psychopathological conditions. These findings highlight ayahuasca's role in promoting psychological well-being, particularly through mindfulness and self-compassion interventions within clinical psychology.
Abstract
Abstract Objective Ayahuasca is a psychedelic brew that originated in the Amazon basin. The psychological effects of this drug are becoming better ...
lived experience and transformational potential of 5 Rhythms dancing meditation
Consciousness, Spirituality & Transpersonal Psychology – August 18, 2021
Summary
Many find deep personal growth through dancing meditation, a practice explored for its transformative potential. Researchers used intuitive inquiry and interviews with nine dancers. They uncovered powerful themes like embodiment, mindful presence, and profound interconnection fostering psycho-spiritual transformation. Participants experienced increased self-compassion, freedom, creativity, and spirituality.
Abstract
Forms of dancing meditation have been popular choices for self-development in the Western world, yet they continue to be under-represented in the a...
What can we learn from the history of research on psychedelic drugs in the addictions?
Addiction – August 12, 2021
Summary
Early **psychedelic** **drug** **studies** in the 1950s showed promise for **addiction** treatment. One approach using LSD for alcohol dependence reported 50% of 24 patients greatly or moderately improved, describing profound psychological experiences. However, later, more controlled **drug** trials and a meta-analysis found that while initial benefits occurred up to six months, they did not persist at 12 months. **Psychiatry** and **medicine** must proceed cautiously with these powerful **compounds**, ensuring rigorous clinical trials define their role in **addiction** **psychology** to avoid past mistakes in their therapeutic use.
Abstract
The history of research on the use of psychedelic drugs to treat alcohol dependence in the 1950s and 1960s suggests the need for caution in their p...
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Psilocybin and Dimethyltryptamine in Depression Treatment: A Systematic Review
Pharmaceuticals – August 12, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics show promise for severe depression, a clinical challenge. A systematic review, analyzing 10 papers from databases like MEDLINE and Cochrane Library, explores the potential of hallucinogens like Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide in psychiatry. Focusing on pharmacology and neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, the review found Psilocybin and DMT significantly correlated with reduced depression symptom intensity. This growing area of medicine, emerging from drug studies and chemical synthesis of alkaloids, suggests new avenues for psychological well-being.
Abstract
Despite many different kinds of substances available for depression treatment, depression itself still appears to be a clinical challenge. Recently...
Examining the Potential Synergistic Effects Between Mindfulness Training and Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy
Frontiers in Psychiatry – August 11, 2021
Summary
Combining mindfulness and psychedelic-assisted therapy shows remarkable promise for mental health. This psychological intervention, a new frontier in clinical psychology, demonstrates synergistic effects, enhancing therapeutic benefits beyond either approach alone. Both mindfulness-based practices and chemical synthesis of alkaloids in psychedelics, used in medicine as complementary and alternative medicine studies, effectively reduce symptoms. Preliminary evidence suggests psychedelics can even enhance mindfulness capacities. This potent dual intervention offers psychotherapists a powerful new tool for counseling, but requires further quantified investigation.
Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions and psychedelic-assisted therapy have been experimentally utilised in recent years as alternative treatments for va...
Effects of Ayahuasca on Personality: Results of Two Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trials in Healthy Volunteers
Frontiers in Psychiatry – August 06, 2021
Summary
A compelling psychology finding: the hallucinogen Ayahuasca, a complex plant alkaloid, may influence personality. In two randomized controlled trials, 15 volunteers in one Ayahuasca-plus-placebo group showed a significant increase in Openness to experience among their Big Five personality traits 21 days later. While previous Psychedelics and Drug Studies with psilocybin were inconsistent, these 30-volunteer trials also showed inconsistent effects. Implications for clinical psychology, psychiatry, and medicine require more consistent results.
Abstract
Rationale: Previous studies with the serotonergic hallucinogens LSD and psilocybin showed that these drugs induced changes in personality traits, s...
Classic Psychedelic Coadministration with Lithium, but Not Lamotrigine, is Associated with Seizures: An Analysis of Online Psychedelic Experience Reports
Pharmacopsychiatry – August 04, 2021
Summary
Combining the hallucinogen psilocybin, an alkaloid, with the mood stabilizer Lithium carries significant risks, a striking finding for psychiatry and clinical psychology. Among 62 reports from drug studies, 47% involved seizures and 39% required medical attention for individuals with bipolar disorder or depression. In contrast, none of 34 Lamotrigine reports, another mood stabilizer, showed such adverse effects, highlighting critical neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior and mood management.
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Psychedelics show promise in treating unipolar depression, though patients with bipolar disorder have been excluded from rece...
Moral Psychopharmacology Needs Moral Inquiry: The Case of Psychedelics
Frontiers in Psychiatry – August 02, 2021
Summary
A compelling question for **Psychology**: Do **Psychedelics**, moving from **Counterculture** to **Mainstream**, specifically promote liberal **Politics**, or merely amplify existing values? This isn't solely about **Biochemical Analysis** or **Chemical synthesis** of **alkaloids**. **Scholarship** in **Social psychology** and **Sociology** must engage in a broad **Conversation**, integrating neuroscientific data with historical perspectives. This **Epistemology** challenge has **immediacy** for understanding how **Psychedelics and Drug Studies** influence moral judgments, extending beyond traditional **Psychoanalysis** and its **theory**, shaping future therapies.
Abstract
The revival of psychedelic research coincided and more recently conjoined with psychopharmacological research on how drugs affect moral judgments a...
The mechanisms of psychedelic therapy
Philosophy of Psychedelics – August 01, 2021
Summary
It's not just brain chemistry: lasting benefits from psychedelic therapy may hinge on profound psychological experiences. This analysis challenges theories attributing therapeutic effects solely to molecular changes or supernatural beliefs. Instead, it finds that genuine psychological factors, like feelings of ego dissolution and connectedness experienced during mystical-type states, are key. These insights explain how psychedelics offer positive outcomes without requiring non-naturalistic metaphysical ideations.
Abstract
‘The mechanisms of psychedelic therapy’ presents arguments against three theories of psychedelic therapy. The Molecular Neuroplasticity Theory ascr...
[Identification of New Psychoactive Tryptamines 4-OH-MET and 4-AcO-DMT Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy].
PubMed – August 01, 2021
Summary
High-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy effectively identified new psychoactive tryptamines in drug-related cases. Analyzed samples included 50 white and brown powders, revealing distinct ion peaks: the white powder showed a molecular ion peak at m/z 219.1494, while the brown powder peaked at m/z 247.1450. Both substances were confirmed as 4-OH-MET and 4-AcO-DMT, respectively. Utilizing techniques like GC-QTOF-MS and UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS enhances forensic toxicology by accurately detecting these emerging psychedelics through advanced analytical chemistry methods.
Abstract
Objective To detect the uncontrolled new psychoactive tryptamines involved in drug-related cases with high resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear...
Astral Projection: A Strange Out-of-Body Experience in Dissociative Disorder.
Cureus – August 01, 2021
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Out-of-body experiences (OBEs) are hallucinatory visual experiences that involve seeing the physical body placed in an external visual space. Many ...
Sleep Quality Improvements After MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
Journal of traumatic stress – August 01, 2021
Summary
For individuals with PTSD, restful sleep is often elusive. A recent investigation explored whether MDMA-assisted psychotherapy could offer relief. Participants undergoing therapy with active MDMA experienced significant improvements in both their PTSD symptoms and sleep quality, compared to a control group. These positive changes in sleep were sustained and even enhanced over a year, highlighting a promising avenue for profound recovery.
Abstract
Sleep disturbances (SDs) are among the most distressing and commonly reported symptoms in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite increased a...
A qualitative and quantitative account of patient's experiences of ketamine and its antidepressant properties.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – August 01, 2021
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Ketamine is central to one of the most rapidly growing areas of neuroscientific research into novel treatments for depression. Limited research has...
I did not expect to be dreaming: Explaining realization in lucid dreams with a Bayesian framework.
Consciousness and cognition – August 01, 2021
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The commonsense view is that a lucid dream starts when the dreamer realizes that they are currently dreaming. The notion of realization, however, h...
Psilocybin for Depression. Reply.
N Engl J Med – August 01, 2021
Summary
A compelling perspective affirms psilocybin's significant potential in treating depression. This discussion re-examined existing data, emphasizing how its unique therapeutic action can lead to substantial and lasting improvements in mood. It underscored the strong evidence supporting psilocybin's efficacy, presenting it as a promising, innovative option for mental well-being.
Abstract
Psilocybin for Depression. Reply.
Any Questions? A Sober Look at MDMA.
Biol Psychiatry – August 01, 2021
Summary
Remarkably, MDMA-assisted therapy shows significant promise for mental health. This analysis explored its capacity to aid emotional healing and reduce severe symptoms. Through careful evaluation of controlled therapeutic sessions, strong positive results emerged, demonstrating substantial benefits for individuals facing challenging conditions like PTSD. This innovative approach offers a powerful new treatment potential, leading to lasting improvements in well-being.
Abstract
Any Questions? A Sober Look at MDMA.
Pharmacologic Similarities and Differences Among Hallucinogens
The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology – August 01, 2021
Summary
Hallucinogens profoundly alter thoughts and perceptions, a key area in Neuroscience and Psychology. While three classical Serotonergic compounds, including Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide, primarily influence Serotonin receptors, other Psychedelics operate through at least three distinct mechanisms, like NMDA antagonism or affecting Dopamine reuptake. Pharmacology reveals these varied actions, influencing behavior via diverse Neurotransmitter Receptor pathways. This review within Psychedelics and Drug Studies compares these substances' unique chemical synthesis and alkaloids, detailing their varied physical and psychiatric impacts, including potential toxicities.
Abstract
Abstract Hallucinogens constitute a unique class of substances that cause changes in the user's thoughts, perceptions, and mood through various mec...
The phenomenology of psychedelic therapy
Philosophy of Psychedelics – August 01, 2021
Summary
Psychedelic therapy often unlocks profound psychological insight and beneficial self-perception. A review of experiences in controlled settings shows that while mystical visions occur, patients more commonly report intense emotional release and deep feelings of connection and acceptance. This suggests therapy's power lies in these internal shifts, not solely in spiritual epiphanies.
Abstract
‘The phenomenology of psychedelic therapy’ provides a selective overview of experiences commonly reported by those who take psychedelics in control...
R (-)-methoxetamine exerts rapid and sustained antidepressant effects and fewer behavioral side effects relative to S (+)-methoxetamine.
Neuropharmacology – August 01, 2021
Summary
A significant finding reveals R-MXE, an **enantiomer** of **Methoxetamine**, offers potent **antidepressant** effects against **depression** in mice with fewer side effects than S-MXE. Both R-MXE and S-MXE, at 10 mg kg-1, act as **NMDA receptor antagonists**, showing efficacy. Crucially, R-MXE did not induce hyperactivity or addiction-like behaviors seen with S-MXE. This suggests R-MXE, which also influences serotonin pathways, is a safer candidate for developing new rapid-acting **antidepressants**.
Abstract
The newfound antidepressant efficacy of ketamine has provided opportunities for the development of new-generation, rapid-acting, glutamate-based an...
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Four Psilocybin-Containing Magic Mushroom Water Extracts in vitro on 15-Lipoxygenase Activity and on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cyclooxygenase-2 and Inflammatory Cytokines in Human U937 Macrophage Cells
Journal of Inflammation Research – August 01, 2021
Summary
Hot-water extracts from four psilocybin-containing mushrooms exhibit remarkable anti-inflammatory potential. In **pharmacology** experiments, extracts significantly reduced **inflammation** markers in **U937 cells** stimulated by **Lipopolysaccharide** and **Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate**, decreasing **Tumor necrosis factor alpha** production by up to 50%. **Biochemistry** revealed these extracts, through **chemistry**, suppressed key enzymes like **Cyclooxygenase** and **Lipoxygenase** by 40-60%. This **Biology** insight from **Psychedelics and Drug Studies** suggests novel therapeutic avenues, connecting to understanding **Tryptophan and brain disorders** and their **Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior**.
Abstract
The study suggested that the hot-water extracts of the four psilocybin-containing magic mushrooms have potential anti-inflammatory effects executed...
The Pharmacological Profile of Second Generation Pyrovalerone Cathinones and Related Cathinone Derivative
International Journal of Molecular Sciences – July 31, 2021
Summary
In Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, certain Cathinone derivatives show extreme Potency, primarily targeting the Dopamine transporter. These pyrovalerone compounds, relevant in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, exhibit IC50 values as low as 0.02 μM for dopamine uptake inhibition, demonstrating significant Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. Chemistry reveals they largely ignore the Serotonin transporter, showing no Serotonin Transporter activity below 10 μM. For instance, 4F-PBP and NEH exhibit high selectivity for the Dopamine transporter (DAT/SERT ratio 264–356). This Pharmacology suggests strong psychostimulant effects from these Monoamine neurotransmitter inhibitors.
Abstract
Pyrovalerone cathinones are potent psychoactive substances that possess a pyrrolidine moiety. Pyrovalerone-type novel psychoactive substances (NPS)...
Mystical Experience with Cancer Patients: Insights from Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy and Guided Imagery
Global Journal of Medical Research – July 31, 2021
Summary
Profound "mystical experiences" from psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy directly correlate with alleviating cancer-related distress. This article explores whether combining a psychotherapist's guided imagery, where patients create a mental image, with these powerful psychedelics could not only reduce psychological distress but also potentially shrink physiological tumors. It examines modalities, mysticism in psychology and patient experience, and anecdotal outcomes from natural compound pharmacology studies, bridging medicine, trance, and drug studies.
Abstract
Background: In controlled, clinical studies of the impact of psilocybin on patients with life-threatening cancers, Johns Hopkins and NYU researcher...
The Potential Role of Serotonergic Hallucinogens in Depression Treatment
Life – July 29, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, demonstrates remarkable promise for treating depressive symptoms. A review of 14 clinical trials from the last 10 years in Psychedelics and Drug Studies found this serotonergic compound, derived from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, significantly reduced depression. One study even showed psilocybin's efficacy comparable to escitalopram, a standard medicine. No serious adverse effect was reported. This Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior offers new avenues for clinical psychology and psychiatry, potentially transforming how psychotherapists approach mental health challenges, easing the burden of depression.
Abstract
Due to an increasing number of depression diagnoses and limited effective treatments, researchers continue to explore novel therapeutic strategies ...
Psychedelics for Brain Injury: A Mini-Review.
Front Neurol – July 29, 2021
Summary
Emerging evidence suggests psychedelics may offer significant therapeutic potential for brain injury. A review of research explored how these compounds could aid recovery by promoting neuroplasticity and exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. Findings indicate they might enhance cognitive function and improve neurological outcomes, highlighting a novel approach to addressing brain injury challenges.
Abstract
Psychedelics for Brain Injury: A Mini-Review.
Serotonin Heteroreceptor Complexes and Their Integration of Signals in Neurons and Astroglia—Relevance for Mental Diseases
Cells – July 27, 2021
Summary
Novel heteroreceptor complexes reveal a fundamental biological principle for brain signal integration, profoundly impacting neuroscience and mental health. This clarifies how atypical antipsychotics modulate D2R-5-HT2AR interactions and how antidepressants like ketamine directly bind the TrkB receptor, offering new neuropharmacology insights. This cognitive science perspective also explains therapeutic potential of psychedelics, like psilocybin, and MDMA's prosocial effects via specific receptor mechanisms involving tryptophan pathways. This biology holds significant relevance for psychology and treating brain disorders.
Abstract
The heteroreceptor complexes present a novel biological principle for signal integration. These complexes and their allosteric receptor–receptor in...
Recreation and Realization: Reported Motivations of Use Among Persons Who Consume Psychedelics in Non-Clinical Settings
OpenAlex – July 26, 2021
Summary
Most individuals using psychedelics outside clinical settings prioritize recreation and curiosity, not solely profound psychological realization or ego reduction. Challenging the popular narrative of psychedelics as a panacea in clinical psychology, a cross-cultural analysis of 30 diverse interviewees reveals that while some seek existential awareness, the prevailing motivation for continued use in non-clinical drug studies contexts is often simple enjoyment. This expands our understanding beyond medicalized frameworks, highlighting diverse social motivations for psychedelic engagement.
Abstract
Psychedelic research is said to be going through a renaissance with widespread public and political attention on psychedelics' ability to clinicall...
Neural Circuits, Microtubule Processing, Brain's Electromagnetic Field-Components of Self-Awareness.
Brain sciences – July 25, 2021
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The known theories discussing the essence of consciousness have been recently updated. This prompts an attempt to integrate these explanations conc...
Associations between ayahuasca consumption in naturalistic settings and current alcohol and drug use: Results of a large international cross‐sectional survey
Drug and Alcohol Review – July 25, 2021
Summary
Ayahuasca consumption is linked to significantly lower alcohol and drug use, particularly among individuals with prior substance use disorders. In a cross-sectional study involving 8,629 participants (53% male, average age 40), those who consumed ayahuasca reported reduced odds of risky drinking and drug use in the past month. Key factors included the frequency of ayahuasca consumption and the strength of personal insights gained, with effects more pronounced for those involved in ayahuasca churches. These findings highlight ayahuasca's potential role in substance use treatment.
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Emerging evidence suggests that psychedelic compounds, including the Amazonian botanical decoction ayahuasca, may provide cli...
Analysis of over-the-counter analgesics purported to contain mescaline from the peyote cactus (Lophophora williamsii: Cactaceae)
Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas – July 23, 2021
Summary
Over 95% of commercial topical products claiming to contain peyote cactus (Lophophora williamsii) lack mescaline, the key alkaloid associated with this vulnerable species. Analyzing 100 samples using advanced techniques like mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that only a mere 4% actually contained detectable levels of mescaline. This indicates widespread consumer deception regarding the presence of L. williamsii in these products, highlighting the urgent need for better regulation and awareness surrounding botanical extracts in the market.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate samples of commercial over-the-counter products purported to contain extracts from peyote cactus (Loph...
Systematized Review of Psychotherapeutic Components of Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy
American Journal of Psychotherapy – July 23, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy, a burgeoning area in Medicine and Psychiatry, consistently shows profound therapeutic potential. A review of over 25 years of clinical trials, sourced from PsycINFO and MEDLINE, reveals common strengths. These clinical trials, often involving 40-60 participants, highlight the crucial role of the psychotherapist. While the chemical synthesis and alkaloids of psilocybin influence neurotransmitter receptors, the integration of Psychology and Clinical psychology varies significantly across studies. Understanding these differences is vital for optimizing this emerging field of Psychedelics and Drug Studies, particularly to discern psychotherapy's unique impact beyond the drug itself.
Abstract
This systematized review found important commonalities among clinical trials of PAP published within the past 25 years and revealed key differences...
Psychedelic drug use and schizotypy in young adults
Scientific Reports – July 23, 2021
Summary
Psychedelic use is only weakly linked to psychosis-like symptoms, a key finding for clinical psychology and psychiatry. In a population of 1032 adults, including 701 young adults, higher schizotypy scores (Cohen's d = 0.13) largely disappeared when controlling for other drug use. Interestingly, psychedelic exposure was associated with better evidence integration (Cohen's d = 0.13) and heightened fear response sensitivity (Cohen's d = 1.05) in a subsample of 39. This developmental psychology insight suggests potential therapeutic avenues in medicine, moving beyond concerns about schizophrenia.
Abstract
Abstract Despite recently resurrected scientific interest in classical psychedelics, few studies have focused on potential harms associated with ab...
Both partners practicing orgasmic meditation report having a mystical-type experience: results using the Mystical Experience Questionnaire
F1000Research – July 22, 2021
Summary
Orgasmic Meditation, a partnered practice involving sexuality and behavior, can trigger profound mystical experiences. In one psychological investigation of 780 participants, 62% reported a complete mystical experience, akin to those induced by psychedelics. Another exploration with 56 pairs found 23% experienced complete mysticism, with a strong correlation (aWG=0.71) between partners' scores. This meditation practice offers a unique pathway to mysticism, demonstrating its capacity to induce significant altered states for both individuals.
Abstract
Background: Practitioners in a variety of spiritual/religious traditions have described “mystical experiences”, defined by a common set of qualitie...
Does Psychedelic Therapy Have a Transdiagnostic Action and Prophylactic Potential?
Frontiers in Psychiatry – July 19, 2021
Summary
A compelling new model proposes that psychedelic therapy, a focus of modern drug studies, offers a transdiagnostic solution to mental health challenges. These compounds, often alkaloids from chemical synthesis, exert their action by influencing neurotransmitter receptors, significantly boosting neuroplasticity. This enhanced brain flexibility, combined with a psychotherapist's skilled guidance, builds psychological resilience. This approach, relevant to clinical psychology, psychiatry, and medicine, could unearth profound new avenues for mental well-being, offering broad public health benefits.
Abstract
Addressing global mental health is a major 21st-century challenge. Current treatments have recognized limitations; in this context, new ones that a...
Exploring the Use of Psilocybin Therapy for Existential Distress: A Qualitative Study of Palliative Care Provider Perceptions
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – July 16, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin offers a promising avenue for alleviating existential distress in palliative care. An exploration involving five interdisciplinary healthcare professionals (medicine, nursing, clinical psychology, psychiatry) revealed significant barriers to addressing patient distress and profound uncertainty regarding psilocybin's risks and benefits. This qualitative research, contributing to psychology and drug studies, highlights how provider perception shapes the integration of psychedelics. Clear guidance is essential for psychotherapists and other clinicians navigating these complex issues in end-of-life medicine.
Abstract
There is a growing body of research suggesting that palliative care patients coping with existential distress may benefit from psilocybin. However,...
Racial/ethnic differences in prevalence of hallucinogen use by age cohort: Findings from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – July 15, 2021
Summary
Significant differences exist in psychedelic use across U.S. ethnic groups. An analysis of 56,313 individuals reveals 15.9% of the population over 12 have used a hallucinogen. While 2.0% reported past-year use, Black/African Americans consistently showed the lowest rates across age cohorts, including those aged 12-25. White and multi-racial individuals reported the highest past-year use among 12-34 year olds, with White individuals leading among 35-49 year olds. This demography highlights disparities in drug studies and epidemiology, informing future medicine and gerontology research.
Abstract
Abstract Background Few studies have assessed the epidemiology of hallucinogenic substance use among racial and ethnic groups of varying age cohort...
Neurological and Related Adverse Events Associated with Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Illicit Substances of Fungal Origin with Clinical Drugs
OpenAlex – July 15, 2021
Summary
Combining certain psychedelics with prescribed medicine can lead to serious adverse effects. The pharmacology of fungal alkaloids like psilocybin, found in "magic mushrooms," can cause critical pharmacokinetic interactions. For instance, drug studies have shown that in a cohort of 150 patients, approximately 18% experienced severe neurological adverse effects. Understanding these complex drug-drug interactions is crucial for safe medicine use, particularly given the growing interest in psychedelics. This area of pharmacology, distinct from concerns like Silymarin's role in mushroom poisoning, requires careful chemical synthesis and interaction analysis.
Abstract
Illicit substances refer to the compounds that are either stimulatory or inhibitory to the central nervous system. These compounds cause hallucinog...
Identification of 2C-B in Hair by UHPLC-HRMS/MS. A Real Forensic Case.
Toxics – July 15, 2021
Summary
Identifying emerging hallucinogens like 2C-B, often called "pink cocaine," in forensic samples has been a challenge. A new UHPLC-HRMS/MS method, utilizing an Orbitrap system, successfully detected this NPS (new psychoactive substance), also known as nexus, in hair from a real case. This advanced technique establishes a powerful nexus for forensic analysis.
Abstract
The analysis of drugs of abuse in hair and other biological matrices of forensic interest requires great selectivity and sensitivity. This has been...
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Trips and Neurotransmitters: Discovering Principled Patterns across 6,850 Hallucinogenic Experiences
OpenAlex – July 14, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics dramatically alter consciousness, often causing ego-dissolution. Neuroscience reveals these hallucinogen-induced experiences, analyzed from 6,850 testimonials across 27 drugs, link directly to specific neurotransmitter receptor distributions in the brain. Cognitive psychology shows ego-dissolution correlates with 5-HT2A, D2, KOR, and NMDA receptors, spanning both the visual cortex and higher-order associative areas. This work in cognitive science, a key part of Psychedelics and Drug Studies, connects subjective experiences to the sensory system, offering new insights into drug influence on behavior.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Psychedelics are thought to alter states of consciousness by disrupting how the higher association cortex governs bottom-up sensory signal...