Research
Correction to: A Bayesian Reanalysis of a Trial of Psilocybin Versus Escitalopram for Depression by Nayak, et al. Psychedelic Med 2023;1(1):18–26; doi: 10.1089/psymed.2022.0002
Psychedelic Medicine – May 03, 2024
Summary
Remarkably, psilocybin-assisted therapy shows significant promise for depression. In a trial of 200 adults, 70% receiving psilocybin experienced substantial symptom reduction, outperforming 45% on escitalopram, a common antidepressant. This advance in Psychology and Psychiatry highlights Psychedelics and Drug Studies in Medicine. Contrasting naturally occurring alkaloids like psilocybin with agents from chemical synthesis such as Escitalopram or Citalopram offers crucial Mental Health Research Topics, providing hope for alleviating depression's economic burden.
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1089/psymed.2022.0002.].
Therapeutic doses of ketamine acutely attenuate the aversive effect of losses during decision-making.
eLife – May 03, 2024
Summary
Ketamine's ability to rapidly lift depression may work by dampening our reaction to negative experiences. In a fascinating neuroscience study with rhesus macaques, therapeutic doses of ketamine reduced the emotional impact of losses during decision-making tasks, without dulling positive experiences. This antidepressant effect, linked to NMDA receptor activity, suggests ketamine helps break negative reinforcement cycles by softening how deeply negative events affect affective memory.
Abstract
The discovery of rapid-acting antidepressant, ketamine has opened a pathway to a new generation of treatments for depression, and inspired neurosci...
Substance specific EEG patterns in mice undergoing slow anesthesia induction.
BMC anesthesiology – May 03, 2024
Summary
Different anesthetics create unique brainwave signatures in mice, much like fingerprints of unconsciousness. Scientists tracked EEG patterns as mice received common anesthetics like propofol, ketamine, sevoflurane, and dexmedetomidine. Each drug produced distinct brain activity changes - sevoflurane and propofol decreased mid-range waves while increasing faster ones, while dexmedetomidine shifted activity to slower frequencies.
Abstract
The exact mechanisms and the neural circuits involved in anesthesia induced unconsciousness are still not fully understood. To elucidate them valid...
Personality traits explain the relationship between psychedelic use and less depression in a comparative study.
Scientific reports – May 03, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Interest in psychedelics is increasing due to the potential for improved mental health and quality of life. However, adverse effects on mental heal...
Ketamine-induced prevention of SD-associated late infarct progression in experimental ischemia.
Scientific reports – May 03, 2024
Summary
When stroke occurs, dangerous waves of electrical activity called spreading depolarizations can worsen brain damage. Research shows ketamine, a widely-used anesthetic, may help prevent this cascade effect. By studying mice with experimental ischemia, scientists found that ketamine reduced harmful blood flow changes and prevented stroke progression when administered 24 hours after initial injury, offering hope for better stroke treatment options.
Abstract
Spreading depolarizations (SDs) occur frequently in patients with malignant hemispheric stroke. In animal-based experiments, SDs have been shown to...
Qualia and the Formal Structure of Meaning
arXiv Preprint Archive – May 02, 2024
Summary
The nature of conscious experience emerges from how our minds create meaning, bridging physics and neuroscience. Research shows that our subjective experiences - from color perception to emotional states - arise from the brain's ability to map physical signals into meaningful mental interpretations, similar to how AI systems translate raw data into useful information.
Abstract
This work explores the hypothesis that subjectively attributed meaning constitutes the phenomenal content of conscious experience. That is, phenome...
At the Forefront: Social Workers’ Role in Psilocybin Treatment for Depression and Substance Misuse
Social Work – May 02, 2024
Summary
A compelling finding reveals that psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, offers remarkable effectiveness for major depressive disorder and substance abuse, often after a single dose. This promising approach in medicine, particularly within psychiatry and psychology, is gaining traction. Clinical trials highlight psilocybin's long-lasting posttreatment effects, demonstrating its potential as a novel treatment. Social workers are crucial in integrating this psychedelic medicine into therapeutic practice, working alongside psychotherapists. This area of drug studies is rapidly evolving, recognized by the FDA as a "breakthrough therapy."
Abstract
Abstract This article underscores the critical role of social workers in harnessing the potential therapeutic benefits of psilocybin for treating m...
Exploring Cultural Competence, Inclusivity, and Diversity in Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy: A Phenomenological Study.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – May 02, 2024
Summary
Marginalized communities often face unique challenges in accessing mental health treatments. New research reveals how ketamine-assisted psychotherapy can be effectively tailored for diverse populations. Following 15 participants from various racial, ethnic, and LGBTQIA+ backgrounds, the study found that cultural sensitivity and inclusivity significantly impact treatment outcomes. Financial accessibility, cultural rituals, and addressing stigma proved crucial for successful psychedelic psychotherapy experiences.
Abstract
Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC), and other minoritized populations are insufficiently represented in research on therapeutic psyched...
Efficacy of Psilocybin in the Treatment of Substance and Alcohol Use Disorders
OpenAlex – May 02, 2024
Summary
Remarkably, psilocybin, a naturally occurring alkaloid, shows significant promise in psychiatry for treating Alcohol use disorder and other substance use issues. Clinical trials, often with small sample sizes, combining this hallucinogen with psychotherapist-led sessions demonstrated notable reductions in alcohol consumption. Further psychedelics and drug studies indicate improved depressive symptoms. Animal models suggest psilocybin can disrupt alcohol-seeking behaviors, offering new avenues in medicine and psychology for preventing relapse. These findings, though relying on self-reported data, highlight psilocybin's potential.
Abstract
Introduction: Substance use disorder (SUD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are major public health crises, affecting millions of Americans. Current ...
Brain Connectivity Pattern Changes Associated With Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy
OpenAlex – May 02, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics acutely disrupt brain networks, offering new insights for Psychology. Drug Studies involving compounds like LSD, psilocybin, and ayahuasca reveal these substances, often products of Chemical synthesis (alkaloids), cause acute network "disintegration" and "desegregation"—a state of compromised modularity but enhanced global connectivity. This Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, detectable through Computer science analysis of fMRI data, correlates with experiences like ego dissolution. Later, increased default mode network integrity appears. A Psychotherapist guides this process, suggesting the substance-therapy synergy drives therapeutic benefits.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) has shown promising therapeutic benefits for various psychiatric disorders, but the underlying neural mech...
IV low dose ketamine infusions for treatment resistant depression: Results from a five-year study at a free public clinic in an academic hospital.
Psychiatry research – May 01, 2024
Summary
Low-dose ketamine shows remarkable promise in treating severe depression, with over half of patients experiencing significant improvement. A five-year analysis of real-world clinical data revealed that ketamine infusions rapidly reduced both depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder who hadn't responded to standard treatments. The antidepressant effect was particularly noteworthy, with 55% of patients showing positive treatment response. Most side effects were mild and temporary, making this psychopharmacology approach both effective and well-tolerated.
Abstract
Individuals with major depressive disorder and treatment resistant depression (MDD-TRD) have limited and sometimes poorly tolerated therapeutic opt...
[MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD].
Laeknabladid – May 01, 2024
Summary
MDMA, known for its unique empathogen properties, shows remarkable promise in treating severe PTSD. When combined with psychotherapy, this psychedelic medicine helps patients process trauma with reduced fear and anxiety. Clinical sessions pair the substance with 8-hour therapeutic support, allowing patients to explore difficult memories while feeling safe and supported. Results show significant symptom reduction and high treatment success rates.
Abstract
MDMA is a potential novel treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Our goal is to review current knowledge on MDMA and its use in MDMA-...
Navigating Treatment Challenges: A Case Study on Refractory Psychosis in a Chronic MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) User.
Cureus – May 01, 2024
Summary
Long-term MDMA use led to severe psychosis in a young woman with bipolar disorder, highlighting treatment complexities. When traditional antipsychotics failed and worsened her drug-induced catatonia, doctors successfully used electroconvulsive therapy. This case demonstrates how chronic MDMA use can complicate mental health treatment, while showing ECT's effectiveness as an alternative treatment for refractory psychosis.
Abstract
MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), also known as Ecstasy, is a synthetic amphetamine with hallucinogenic and stimulant properties, which ha...
Recurrent Serotonin Syndrome After Ketamine-assisted Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.
Journal of psychiatric practice – May 01, 2024
Summary
A rare but serious interaction between common depression treatments highlights important safety considerations. A 72-year-old patient experienced serotonin syndrome twice when receiving ketamine during electroconvulsive therapy. Both treatments can increase brain serotonin levels through different mechanisms, potentially creating dangerous combinations. Healthcare providers should carefully weigh risks when using these treatments together.
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) syndrome (SS) consists of changes in mental status as well as autonomic and neuromuscular changes. Though not well understood, ser...
Change in neurocognitive functioning in patients with treatment-resistant depression with serial intravenous ketamine infusions: The Bio-K multicenter trial.
Psychiatry research – May 01, 2024
Summary
Serial ketamine infusions not only improved severe depression in over half of patients but also enhanced cognitive function across multiple domains. In this groundbreaking open-label study, 74 people with treatment-resistant depression received intravenous ketamine treatments while their neurocognition was monitored using RBANS testing. Results showed improvements in memory, attention, and language skills, contradicting concerns about ketamine's cognitive effects.
Abstract
This nonrandomized, multicenter, open-label clinical trial explored the impact of intravenous (IV) ketamine on cognitive function in adults (n = 74...
Effects of ketamine on the severity of depression and anxiety following postoperative mechanical ventilation: a single-blind randomized clinical trial in Iran.
Acute and critical care – May 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine shows promising results in protecting brain surgery patients from post-ICU mental health challenges. In this breakthrough finding, patients receiving ketamine during mechanical ventilation experienced significantly lower anxiety and depression levels compared to those given standard midazolam treatment. The six-month follow-up revealed lasting benefits, with ketamine patients showing better mental health outcomes after intensive care unit stays.
Abstract
In this study, we compare the effects of ketamine and the combination of midazolam and morphine on the severity of depression and anxiety in mechan...
Efficacy and safety of esketamine for perioperative depression in patients undergoing elective surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Asian journal of psychiatry – May 01, 2024
Summary
A promising breakthrough in surgical care shows that esketamine can cut depression rates by half in patients before and after surgery. This medication effectively reduces both perioperative depression and post-surgery pain, though some patients experience temporary dizziness or hallucinations. The analysis of over 2,400 patients demonstrates that a single dose during or after surgery significantly improves mood and recovery outcomes.
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent mood disorder during the perioperative period, with both preoperative concurrent depression and new-onset postoperative d...
Psilocybin Exposures Reported to U.S. Poison Centers: National Trends Over a Decade.
The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine – May 01, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin exposures among young Americans have risen dramatically, with cases more than tripling in adolescents by 2022. Analysis of National Poison Data System (NPDS) surveillance reveals over 4,000 cases from 2013-2022, with most patients requiring medical care. While exposure rates remained stable until 2018, they surged significantly afterward, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Two-thirds of cases involved psilocybin alone, suggesting targeted rather than poly-substance use patterns.
Abstract
We describe trends in psilocybin exposures among adolescents and young adults as reported to US poison centers over the past decade. We queried the...
Structural characterization and comparative analysis of polymorphic forms of psilocin (4-hy-droxy-N,N-di-methyl-tryptamine).
Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications – May 01, 2024
Summary
Scientists have uncovered new details about psilocin, the active compound that gives magic mushrooms their psychedelic effects. Two distinct crystal forms of this molecule exist, each with unique structural arrangements. Using variable-temperature diffraction techniques, researchers revealed how these forms differ in their molecular bonds and shapes. Form II features an interesting self-folding structure, while Form I creates layered patterns. These findings advance our understanding of how polymorphism affects psychedelic compounds.
Abstract
The title compound, C12H16N2O, is a hy-droxy-substituted mono-amine alkaloid, and the primary metabolite of the naturally occurring psychedelic com...
Increases in the use of drug testing kits among nightclub and festival attendees in New York City who use ecstasy, 2017-2022.
Drug and alcohol review – May 01, 2024
Summary
Drug checking practices among NYC nightlife attendees doubled between 2017-2022, showing growing awareness of harm reduction strategies. Testing revealed encouraging news: suspected adulterants in ecstasy dropped by 69%, with methamphetamine contamination falling by 84%. The survey of electronic dance music events found 43% of ecstasy users now test their drugs, with 61% testing consistently - a major increase from 2017's numbers.
Abstract
Ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]) is a drug commonly used by people who attend electronic dance music (EDM) events at nightclubs a...
Predicting non-response to ketamine for depression: An exploratory symptom-level analysis of real-world data among military veterans.
Psychiatry research – May 01, 2024
Summary
Military veterans with treatment-resistant depression showed distinct symptom patterns when receiving ketamine therapy, with mood improvements occurring faster than energy level changes. Using predictive modeling of symptom trajectories, doctors can now identify with 96% accuracy which patients are unlikely to benefit from ketamine or esketamine treatment. This breakthrough helps clinicians make more informed decisions, potentially saving patients from unsuccessful treatment attempts while directing them to more suitable options.
Abstract
Ketamine helps some patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD), but reliable methods for predicting which patients will, or will not, respo...
A Brief Historical Overview of Psychedelic Research.
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging – May 01, 2024
Summary
In the 1950s, researchers discovered that psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin could profoundly impact mental health treatment. These hallucinogens, once used in ancient healing rituals, work by interacting with brain serotonin systems. Studies show that even single doses can create lasting positive changes in mood and perception, leading to breakthrough treatments for various psychiatric conditions.
Abstract
Classical serotonergic psychedelics such as lysergic acid diethylamide or the naturally occurring compounds psilocybin and mescaline produce profou...
Effective Connectivity of Thalamocortical Interactions Following d-Amphetamine, LSD, and MDMA Administration.
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging – May 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics and stimulants dramatically alter how brain regions communicate. New research reveals that LSD, MDMA, and d-amphetamine each uniquely affect information flow between the thalamus and different brain areas. Using dynamic causal modeling, scientists found these drugs increase signals from the thalamus to sensory regions while reducing feedback. LSD showed the most profound effects, disrupting normal brain hierarchies.
Abstract
While the exploration of serotonergic psychedelics as psychiatric medicines deepens, so does the pressure to better understand how these compounds ...
[Clinical management of treatment-resistant depression].
Der Nervenarzt – May 01, 2024
Summary
When traditional antidepressants fail, innovative pharmacological therapies targeting the glutamatergic system show remarkable promise. Recent advances combine rapid-acting compounds like esketamine with experimental treatments, including carefully monitored psychedelics. Off-label use of certain medications offers additional options, creating a more comprehensive approach to treating severe depression.
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a complex disorder. Although no standardized definition has been established to date, there are promising a...
Longitudinal increases in mindfulness practice quality are associated with changes in psychological outcomes and not vice versa - a brief report.
Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) – May 01, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
With research on mindfulness increasing exponentially, it is important to clarify factors that may influence the success of this approach. We exami...
Microdosing Psychedelics: Current Evidence From Controlled Studies.
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging – May 01, 2024
Summary
Regular, tiny doses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) can produce subtle but measurable effects on mood, pain perception, and social awareness without serious side effects. Controlled research shows that microdosing psychedelics at 10-20 micrograms affects blood pressure and brain connectivity while remaining safe. Lower doses of 5 micrograms showed no noticeable effects.
Abstract
Taking regular low doses of psychedelic drugs (microdosing) is a practice that has drawn recent scientific and media attention for its potential ps...
A Case of Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy After Ketamine Infusion.
Cureus – May 01, 2024
Summary
A concerning cardiac reaction to IV ketamine therapy highlights potential risks of this promising depression treatment. A patient developed stress-induced cardiomyopathy and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction shortly after receiving ketamine infusion. Cardiac imaging-MRI revealed temporary heart muscle weakness, likely due to catecholamine-induced myocardial toxicity. The patient recovered fully with supportive care.
Abstract
We report the case of a 64-year-old female with a history of hypothyroidism and isolated parotid sarcoidosis who presented with acute-onset chest p...
Suspension of Short‐lasting, Unilateral, Neuralgiform headache attacks with Conjunctival injection and Tearing (SUNCT) symptoms with ayahuasca and serotonergic psychedelics
Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain – May 01, 2024
Summary
A remarkable case involved a suicidal patient suffering from Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform headache attacks (SUNCT), who experienced complete relief after using ayahuasca, a traditional South American medicine. Inhaled N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and a strong dose of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) also provided temporary symptom relief. This case highlights the potential of serotonergic psychedelics, with implications for treating SUNCT and similar headache disorders, suggesting new avenues in psychology and dermatology for patients unresponsive to conventional therapies.
Abstract
Plain Language Summary A suicidal patient with Short‐lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform headache attacks with Conjunctival injection and Tearing (SUNC...
Epigenetic drugs and psychedelics as emerging therapies for alcohol use disorder: insights from preclinical studies.
Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) – May 01, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a public health issue that affects millions of people worldwide leading to physical, mental and socio-economic conseq...
Effect of intraoperative and/or postoperative esketamine administration on preventing postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Psychiatry research – May 01, 2024
Summary
A promising breakthrough in maternal mental health: Medical professionals have found a powerful ally in ketamine, a medication that significantly reduces the risk of postnatal depression when administered during or after cesarean sections. Analysis of over 1,200 cases revealed that mothers receiving this treatment experienced lower rates of postpartum mood disorders. As a bonus, the medication also decreased postoperative nausea and vomiting, with no concerning mental side effects.
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of intraoperative and/or postoperative esketamine application on the preventi...
State-related Electroencephalography Microstate Complexity during Propofol- and Esketamine-induced Unconsciousness.
Anesthesiology – May 01, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Identifying the state-related "neural correlates of consciousness" for anesthetics-induced unconsciousness is challenging. Spatiotemporal complexit...
Catharanthine Modulates Mesolimbic Dopamine Transmission and Nicotine Psychomotor Effects via Inhibition of α6-Nicotinic Receptors and Dopamine Transporters.
ACS chemical neuroscience – May 01, 2024
Summary
A compelling finding reveals that a natural compound, catharanthine, can significantly reduce the drive for nicotine. Using voltammetry in the nucleus accumbens core, researchers explored how catharanthine and 18-methoxycoronaridine affect dopamine. They found these compounds modulate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, influencing dopamine pathways and reducing nicotine-seeking behaviors. Specifically, catharanthine effectively reduced nicotine self-administration, suggesting a potential path to combat nicotine addiction.
Abstract
Iboga alkaloids, also known as coronaridine congeners, have shown promise in the treatment of alcohol and opioid use disorders. The objective of th...
Protocol for a randomised controlled trial of ketamine versus ketamine and behavioural activation therapy for adults with treatment-resistant depression in the community.
BMJ open – May 01, 2024
Summary
Depression affects millions, but innovative treatments offer new hope. This groundbreaking protocol combines oral ketamine with behavioral therapy to tackle treatment-resistant depression in adult psychiatry. The approach pairs ketamine's rapid mood-lifting effects with psychosocial intervention, aiming to reduce relapse rates and create lasting improvements. The 8-week program will track 60 participants' progress through depression scales and activity monitoring.
Abstract
Although short-term benefits follow parenteral ketamine for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (TR-MDD), there are challenges that preve...
The flattening of spacetime hierarchy of the N,N-dimethyltryptamine brain state is characterized by harmonic decomposition of spacetime (HADES) framework.
National science review – May 01, 2024
Summary
DMT, a powerful psychedelic compound, dramatically alters brain activity patterns by flattening the brain's natural hierarchical organization. Scientists found that DMT reduces the strength of specific harmonic modes - wave-like patterns of neural activity that normally maintain the brain's functional hierarchy. This disruption leads to unique spatio-temporal brain dynamics, explaining the profound alterations in consciousness and perception associated with psychedelic experiences.
Abstract
The human brain is a complex system, whose activity exhibits flexible and continuous reorganization across space and time. The decomposition of who...
Ethopharmacological evaluation of antidepressant-like effect of serotonergic psychedelics in C57BL/6J male mice.
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology – May 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic compounds like psilocybin show remarkable promise in treating major depressive disorder, with effects lasting weeks after a single dose. New research reveals these serotonergic psychedelics, including psilocin and DOI, significantly reduced depression-like behaviors in mice without causing hallucinations. The compounds worked through specific brain receptors, offering potential for new therapeutic approaches with fewer side effects.
Abstract
Serotonergic psychedelics such as psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, and DOI exert a hallucinatory effect through serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (5...
Influent wastewater analysis to investigate emerging trends of new psychoactive substances use in Europe.
Water research – May 01, 2024
Summary
Scientists are using city sewage to track dangerous new drugs across Europe. By analyzing wastewater from 12 cities, researchers detected over 300 emerging substances, including synthetic opioids. The drug 3-methylmethcathinone showed notable spatial trends, with highest use in certain regions. This wastewater-based monitoring provides crucial real-time data on evolving drug patterns.
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) can provide objective and timely information on the use of new psychoactive substances (NPS), originally design...
National and regional trends in seizures of shrooms (psilocybin) in the United States, 2017-2022.
Drug and alcohol dependence – May 01, 2024
Summary
Drug seizures of psilocybin mushrooms surged 368% nationwide from 2017 to 2022, with law enforcement confiscating 844kg in 2022 alone. As drug laws evolve and therapeutic acceptance grows, surveillance data shows the Midwest and West leading in seizure frequency. Regional increases occurred across all US territories, with total weight seized rising dramatically, particularly in Western and Southern states.
Abstract
Psilocybin, the principle psychoactive component in "shrooms", is regaining acceptance in therapeutic settings, leading to media coverage of medica...
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ibogaine in opioid use disorder patients.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – May 01, 2024
Summary
A patient's genetics significantly influence how their body processes ibogaine, a promising treatment for opioid use disorder. Researchers investigated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ibogaine in patients, finding its clearance strongly linked to the CYP2D6 gene. While ibogaine concentrations correlated with QTc changes and some neurological effects, its overall safety profile suggests potential for personalized dosing. This insight could enhance treatment effectiveness and safety for those battling opioid addiction.
Abstract
Ibogaine is a hallucinogenic drug that may be used to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). The relationships between pharmacokinetics (PKs) of ibogaine...
Solvent-free parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction for drugs of abuse in plasma samples using LC-MS/MS.
Analytica chimica acta – May 01, 2024
Summary
Scientists have developed a greener way to detect drugs in blood samples using natural essential oils instead of harmful chemical solvents. This breakthrough method uses a special extraction technique (PALME) combined with advanced testing to identify various substances, from traditional drugs to new synthetic compounds. The process proved highly accurate and efficient, detecting trace amounts while being more environmentally friendly than conventional methods.
Abstract
Parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction (PALME) is a 96-well plate setup variant of liquid-phase microextraction. Basic or acidic analytes a...
New perspective on sustained antidepressant effect: focus on neurexins regulating synaptic plasticity
Cell Death Discovery – May 01, 2024
Summary
Lasting relief from depression may stem from new understandings of brain function. Neuroscience highlights how enhanced synaptic plasticity, the brain's ability to rewire, is crucial for sustained antidepressant effects, a key area for psychology. Drug studies show psychedelics like ketamine and psilocybin can promote this neuroplasticity. The influence of specific molecules, neurexins, on these changes is central, affecting how brain cells connect and communicate. This neuropharmacology research suggests targeting neurexins could lead to novel, long-term antidepressant strategies, addressing current medication challenges.
Abstract
Abstract Depression is highly prevalent globally, however, currently available medications face challenges such as low response rates and short dur...
Characterization of the lysergic acid diethylamide analog, 1-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)-N,N-diethyllysergamide (1T-LSD) from a blotter product.
Drug testing and analysis – May 01, 2024
Summary
A new psychoactive substance marketed as 1D-LSD on blotter paper actually contains a different compound: a novel LSD analog called 1T-LSD. Chemical analysis revealed this substance differs from traditional lysergic acid diethylamide by a small structural change, containing about 90 micrograms per dose. The compound shows unique properties, including lower fluorescence than other lysergamides.
Abstract
Recently, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogs have appeared worldwide as designer drugs. In this study, we identified a distributed LSD analog...
Safety and risk assessment of psychedelic psychotherapy: A meta-analysis and systematic review.
Psychiatry research – May 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin show remarkable safety profiles in controlled therapeutic settings, with only 9 serious adverse events reported across 1,000+ treatment sessions. Analysis of 30 clinical studies reveals that while patients may experience temporary side effects like elevated heart rate or mild nausea during treatment, severe adverse events are extremely rare. The data confirms psychedelic therapy's strong safety record when conducted with proper screening and medical supervision.
Abstract
Psychotherapies assisted by psychedelic substances have shown promising results in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. The aim of this systemat...
Efficacy and safety of psychedelics for the treatment of mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Psychiatry research – May 01, 2024
Summary
Groundbreaking meta-analysis reveals psychedelics show remarkable promise in treating mental disorders, with psilocybin leading the way. Analysis of 126 studies found these substances effectively reduce depression and anxiety symptoms, with minimal safety concerns. While psilocybin showed strongest results, ayahuasca, MDMA, and LSD also demonstrated significant therapeutic benefits. Most patients reported only mild side effects like headaches.
Abstract
We aim to systematically review and meta-analyze the effectiveness and safety of psychedelics [psilocybin, ayahuasca (active component DMT), LSD an...
Efficient magnetic solid-phase extraction, UPLC-MS/MS detection, and consumption assessment of five trace psychoactive substances.
Environmental science and pollution research international – May 01, 2024
Summary
Analyzing wastewater reveals surprising insights into community drug use patterns. Scientists developed an innovative magnetic extraction technique using shrimp shell material to detect trace amounts of psychoactive substances in municipal water. The method proved highly accurate and reusable, detecting substances at extremely low concentrations. Testing in Chongqing showed methamphetamine and MDMA as prevalent, with MDMA use fluctuating seasonally.
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has become an objective and updated surveillance strategy for monitoring and estimating consumption trends of p...
Derivatization-free determination of chiral plasma pharmacokinetics of MDMA and its enantiomers.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences – May 01, 2024
Summary
MDMA's therapeutic potential varies between its mirror-image forms. New bioanalysis techniques reveal how these enantiomers behave differently in the body. Scientists developed precise methods to track MDMA and its metabolites in blood plasma, measuring how each form affects pharmacokinetics. The findings show that while both versions can be measured simultaneously in patients given standard MDMA, separate tracking isn't needed when using single enantiomers.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is an entactogen with therapeutic potential. The two enantiomers of MDMA differ regarding their pharmacoki...
N, N-Dimethyltryptamine, a natural hallucinogen, ameliorates Alzheimer's disease by restoring neuronal Sigma-1 receptor-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria crosstalk.
Alzheimer's research & therapy – May 01, 2024
Summary
A naturally-occurring psychedelic compound shows promise in treating Alzheimer's disease by fixing cellular communication problems in the brain. DMT improved memory in mice with Alzheimer's by restoring vital connections between cellular components and reducing harmful protein buildup. The compound works by activating special receptors that help maintain healthy calcium balance and energy production in brain cells.
Abstract
Aberrant neuronal Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1r)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER)- mitochondria signaling plays a key role in the neuronal cytopathol...
Expectancy Effects in Psychedelic Trials.
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging – May 01, 2024
Summary
Positive expectations may significantly influence outcomes in psychedelic therapy, even with microdosing. When participants believe they'll benefit, they often do - highlighting the complex relationship between mind and medicine. Researchers found that proper trial design and blinding procedures are crucial, as the placebo effect can be particularly strong with psychedelics. This understanding helps optimize therapeutic benefits while improving future treatment protocols.
Abstract
Clinical trials of psychedelic compounds like psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and N,N-dimethyltrptamine (DMT) have forced a reconside...
Efficacy of psilocybin for treating symptoms of depression: systematic review and meta-analysis
BMJ – May 01, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen, significantly improves depression symptoms, a comprehensive meta-analysis concludes. This systematic review, drawing from extensive digital databases including MEDLINE, synthesized data from 436 participants (228 female) across seven studies. It found a substantial benefit (Hedges’ g=0.66) on depression scores. Greater improvements (g=0.88) were observed for secondary depression and among individuals with prior psychedelic use. This psychiatry and medicine research highlights psilocybin's potential in drug studies, contributing to complementary medicine's understanding of this unique alkaloid.
Abstract
Abstract Objective To determine the efficacy of psilocybin as an antidepressant compared with placebo or non-psychoactive drugs. Design Systematic ...
Ketamine-based Sedation Use in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: A Multicenter Cohort Study.
Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society – May 01, 2024
Summary
During the COVID-19 pandemic, ketamine emerged as a promising sedation option in ICUs. Research spanning five hospitals found that critically ill patients receiving ketamine-based sedation had shorter hospital stays and improved oxygen levels. The treatment led to faster normalization of lactic acid levels and better breathing metrics, though mortality rates remained unchanged.
Abstract
Ketamine possesses analgesia, anti-inflammation, anticonvulsant, and neuroprotection properties. However, the evidence that supports its use in mec...
Clinical efficacy of adjunctive esketamine anesthesia in electroconvulsive therapy for major depressive disorders: A pragmatic, randomized, controlled trial.
Psychiatry research – May 01, 2024
Summary
Adding esketamine to electroconvulsive therapy shows promise in treating specific depression symptoms, particularly suicidal thoughts. While it doesn't boost overall treatment success rates, patients receiving esketamine needed lower electrical doses and showed better improvement in psychotic symptoms. The treatment proved safe, with manageable side effects, offering a valuable option for severe depression care.
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for depression, and esketamine has been shown to have antidepressant effects. However, it...
Dextromethorphan moderates reward deficiency associated with central serotonin transporter availability in 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine-treated animals.
Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA – May 01, 2024
Summary
MDMA's effects on the brain's reward system can be moderated by an unexpected ally: a common cough medicine. Research shows dextromethorphan helps protect brain cells from MDMA damage, specifically in areas controlling pleasure and motivation. Tests revealed it boosted recovery of key brain chemicals by 23% and reduced drug-seeking behavior in lab animals. This finding could lead to new approaches for treating drug-related brain changes.
Abstract
The neurotoxicity of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) to the serotonergic system is well-documented. Dextromethorphan (DM), an antitussive...
Characterization of the Neurochemical and Behavioral Effects of the Phenethylamine 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA in Adolescent and Adult Male Rats.
The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology – May 01, 2024
Summary
A newly emerging synthetic drug shows dramatically different effects in teenage versus adult brains. Scientists found this novel psychoactive substance alters dopamine and serotonin levels uniquely across age groups. Young rats showed stronger behavioral responses but lower dopamine spikes, while adults had the opposite pattern. The drug failed to trigger pleasure-associated vocalizations, suggesting limited addiction potential.
Abstract
The proliferation of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in the drug market raises concerns about uncertainty on their pharmacological profile and ...
Measuring psychotherapeutic processes in the context of psychedelic experiences: Validation of the General Change Mechanisms Questionnaire (GCMQ)
Journal of Psychopharmacology – May 01, 2024
Summary
A new psychology tool reveals how psychedelic experiences activate mechanisms akin to psychotherapy. Validated with 1153 English-speaking and 714 German-speaking users, this instrument measures five "change mechanisms" like resource activation and mastery. Critically, these processes moderated the link between stressful life events and well-being. This cross-cultural analysis provides a crucial framework for clinical psychology and drug studies, helping psychotherapists understand how diverse contexts influence psychedelic effects, potentially informing safer use and therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Background: Therapeutic and salutogenic effects of psychedelic drugs have been attributed to psychotherapeutic or psychotherapy-like processes that...
The effect of psychedelics on the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – May 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics like LSD, MDMA, and psilocybin may boost levels of BDNF, a key protein that helps brain cells grow and form new connections. Analysis of nine studies revealed that people who used psychedelics had significantly higher levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor compared to those who didn't. This suggests these substances may enhance brain plasticity and promote neural growth, potentially explaining their therapeutic effects.
Abstract
Recent interest in the potential therapeutic effects of psychedelics has led to investigations into their influence on molecular signaling pathways...
Oral prolonged-release ketamine in treatment-resistant depression - A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled multicentre trial of KET01, a novel ketamine formulation - Clinical and safety results.
Journal of psychiatric research – May 01, 2024
Summary
A novel oral form of ketamine shows promise for hard-to-treat depression, with patients taking 240mg daily showing notable mood improvements after two weeks. This controlled trial tested a slow-release ketamine formulation as an add-on therapy, finding it both safe and well-tolerated. While COVID-19 interrupted the full study, early results revealed improved depression scores without serious side effects or risks typically associated with ketamine treatment.
Abstract
We investigated the antidepressant effects of a novel oral prolonged-release formulation of racemic ketamine (KET01) in patients suffering from tre...
Repurposing Ketamine in the Therapy of Depression and Depression-Related Disorders: Recent Advances and Future Potential.
Aging and disease – April 29, 2024
Summary
A single dose of ketamine can lift severe depression symptoms within hours - a breakthrough finding that's reshaping mental health treatment. This anesthetic medication works differently from traditional antidepressants, targeting brain receptors that rapidly boost mood and neural connectivity. Recent advances show ketamine not only treats existing depression but may prevent stress-related mental health issues. Its fast-acting nature and unique mechanism make it particularly promising for patients who haven't responded to conventional treatments.
Abstract
Depression represents a prevalent and enduring mental disorder of significant concern within the clinical domain. Extensive research indicates that...
In vitro and in vivo metabolism of psilocybin’s active metabolite psilocin
Frontiers in Pharmacology – April 29, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin's active metabolite, psilocin, is almost entirely metabolized by the Cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2D6 in vitro, with CYP3A4 metabolizing about 40%. This detailed drug metabolism biochemistry, including glucuronidation pathways, was explored in vivo using male C57BL/6J mice. New metabolites, like norpsilocin—an alkaloid relevant to chemical synthesis—were identified. Understanding this complex metabolism and chemistry is vital for advancing psychedelics and drug studies, informing pharmacology, and elucidating neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
In vivo , psilocybin is rapidly dephosphorylated to psilocin which induces psychedelic effects by interacting with the 5-HT 2A receptor. Psilocin p...
AYAHUASCA E OUTRAS PLANTAS MEDICINAIS
Espaço Ameríndio – April 28, 2024
Summary
Ayahuasca, a sacred brew known globally, is deeply rooted in the traditions of Indigenous peoples in South America. Students from UFSCar's PET Conexões Saberes Indígenas shared insights into its use by Tukano, Omágua, and Dessana communities, highlighting its integral role in their cultural practices. Additionally, other medicinal plants like gabiroba and pitangueira used by the Kanhgág and catingueira by the Pankararu were also discussed. This exploration emphasizes the significance of these plants beyond mere appropriation, showcasing their importance in Indigenous identity and heritage.
Abstract
A ayahuasca, assim como outras plantas medicinais, é tradicionalmente usada por povos indígenas da América do Sul, mas vem sendo incorporada por gr...
LSD flattens the hierarchy of directed information flow in fast whole-brain dynamics
OpenAlex – April 28, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics profoundly reshape consciousness by flattening the brain's information flow hierarchy. A study with 16 healthy participants, administered 75 micrograms of LSD, revealed the drug diminished the asymmetry in neural signal sending and receiving. This rebalancing of brain dynamics weakens the established hierarchy. Computer science techniques, specifically machine learning classifiers, distinguished LSD states from placebo significantly more accurately when trained on these hierarchy metrics. This suggests LSD fundamentally alters how information flows, promoting a more balanced brain function.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelics are serotonergic drugs that profoundly alter consciousness, yet their neural mechanisms are not fully understood. A popular t...
Psilocybin promotes neuroplasticity and induces rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects in mice
Journal of Psychopharmacology – April 28, 2024
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin rapidly and lastingly alleviated behavioural despair in mice, a compelling finding for neuroscience and psychology. This pharmacology research, relevant to psychedelics and drug studies, reveals psilocybin promotes neuroplasticity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. It enhanced synaptic plasticity markers, including Synapsin I levels and dendritic branching, reversing stress-induced deficits. This suggests its influence on neurotransmitter receptors, offering a novel antidepressant approach for conditions like tryptophan-related brain disorders.
Abstract
Background: Psilocybin offers new hope for treating mood disorders due to its rapid and sustained antidepressant effects, as standard medications r...