Research
Efficacy and Safety of Pharmacological Treatment in Patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) – June 20, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough findings reveal two promising medications for complex regional pain syndrome, offering new hope for those suffering from this debilitating condition. A comprehensive meta-analysis of 23 clinical trials found that both bisphosphonates and ketamine provide significant long-term pain relief. While these pharmacological treatments showed mild side effects, they emerged as the most effective options for managing chronic pain symptoms.
Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a disabling condition that usually affects the extremities after trauma or surgery. At present, there is n...
Negative emotionality shapes the modulatory effects of ketamine and lamotrigine in subregions of the anterior cingulate cortex.
Translational psychiatry – June 18, 2024
Summary
Your brain's emotional control center responds differently to ketamine based on your personality traits. Scientists found that ketamine reduces activity in key brain regions involved in mood regulation, particularly in people prone to negative emotions. When combined with lamotrigine, these effects change, suggesting ketamine works through complex brain chemistry pathways. The findings help explain why ketamine's antidepressant effects vary among individuals.
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have identified the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as one of the major targets of ketamine in the human brain, which may be r...
Developing the Open Psychedelic Evaluation Nexus consensus measures for assessment of supervised psilocybin services: An e-Delphi study
Journal of Psychopharmacology – June 18, 2024
Summary
Ensuring safety and quality is paramount as legal psilocybin services emerge. Using a three-phase Delphi method, 36 experts in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, 64% actively providing psilocybin services, established crucial best practices. Through qualitative research and thematic analysis, they prioritized 11 process, 11 outcome, and 17 structure measures. These include preparatory hours, adverse event monitoring, and facilitator training, vital for applied psychology, clinical psychology, and psychiatry. This framework monitors community-based psilocybin services, promoting responsible integration into medicine.
Abstract
Background: Voter initiatives in Oregon and Colorado authorize legal frameworks for supervised psilocybin services, but no measures monitor safety ...
Evaluation of TrpM and PsiD substrate promiscuity reveals new biocatalytic capabilities
Biotechnology Progress – June 18, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and other tryptamines, natural alkaloids with complex biochemistry, offer promise for mental health treatments. Their biosynthesis, a form of chemical synthesis, is being refined for drug studies. This involves understanding enzymes like TrpM and PsiD, crucial for converting tryptophan derivatives. TrpM successfully N-methylates 4-hydroxytryptophan. However, PsiD struggled with N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxytryptophan, limiting full psilocybin production. This chemistry expands our knowledge of tryptamines, vital for developing new drugs and understanding natural product roles in health, including potential gut microbiota interactions.
Abstract
Abstract N ‐methylated tryptamines, such as the hallucinogenic natural products, psilocybin and N,N ‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT), are gaining interest...
How Does Psilocybin Therapy Work? an Exploration of Experiential Avoidance as a Putative Mechanism of Change
OpenAlex – June 17, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, significantly reduces experiential avoidance, a key psychological mechanism for improving mental health. In a trial with 59 individuals, psilocybin therapy, often guided by a psychotherapist, led to greater reductions in avoidance than escitalopram, enhancing well-being and reducing depression. Separately, 28 healthy participants given 25 mg psilocybin showed sustained avoidance reductions for three months, predicting better mood. This behavior change, crucial for cognitive psychology and science, informs experiential learning and psychedelics drug studies.
Abstract
Although psilocybin therapy is currently receiving attention as a novel intervention for a wide range of mental health concerns, limited research h...
Amazonian Ayahuasca and Mental Health Outcomes
CORE – June 17, 2024
Summary
Traditional Amazonian plant medicine shows promising effects on mental well-being and personal growth. Analysis of retreat participants revealed significant improvements in depression, anxiety, and stress levels after ceremonial use. The brew's unique combination of natural compounds appears to promote positive personality changes and deeper connection to nature, while participants reported meaningful psychological insights during sessions. Results suggest careful, traditional administration may offer therapeutic benefits.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychedelic plant brew originating from the Amazon Rainforest. It is formed from two basic components, the Banisteriopsis caapi vine...
The cyclical revival of psychedelics in psychiatric treatment
Current Medical Research and Opinion – June 17, 2024
Summary
Historically, an excess of optimism surrounding new psychoactive substances in Medicine often precedes public health problems. Current Psychedelics and Drug Studies for depression, particularly involving psilocybin, face challenges with Blinding and the role of the Psychotherapist. Preliminary phase 2 findings are inconclusive. Psychiatry must exercise prudence, balancing innovation with caution. Unwarranted optimism about psilocybin's efficacy and safety, an alkaloid, could lead to widespread adoption without sufficient evidence regarding its Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior.
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for effective treatments for depression, particularly for individuals grappling with treatment-resistant depression. ...
Comparing Cannabis Use Motivations and Dependence Across Regular Cannabis Users Who Have or Have Not Recently Used Psilocybin
Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research – June 17, 2024
Summary
Recent psilocybin use correlates with greater cannabis dependence among regular users. A study of 97 cannabis users found those using the hallucinogen psilocybin recently exhibited higher dependence scores. Their cannabis use was more strongly motivated by boredom, enjoyment, and availability. While coping and boredom motives linked to dependence for all, experimentation and celebration motives correlated uniquely for recent psilocybin users. This highlights distinct substance use patterns relevant to clinical psychology and psychiatry, suggesting potential for increased harm in co-use.
Abstract
Introduction: In Colorado, both cannabis and psilocybin are legal and becoming more commonly used. However, there is almost no research detailing t...
Licit use of illicit drugs for treating depression: the pill and the process.
The Journal of clinical investigation – June 17, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough treatments for depression may depend not just on the medication itself, but also on the therapeutic setting and support provided. Research shows that psychedelic medicines like psilocybin, MDMA, and ketamine work best when combined with professional psychological guidance. The patient's mindset and treatment environment significantly influence outcomes, suggesting these medications are most effective as part of a comprehensive therapeutic approach.
Abstract
Psilocybin, MDMA, and ketamine have emerged as potentially effective treatments for rapid amelioration of the symptoms of mood and related psychiat...
Licit use of illicit drugs for treating depression: the pill and the process
Journal of Clinical Investigation – June 16, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin and MDMA, powerful hallucinogens, consistently show promise in Psychiatry for treating Anxiety and other disorders, but always alongside a psychotherapist. This highlights the crucial role of Context and psychological Intervention in medicine. Ketamine, another potent drug, also benefits from such support. Future clinical psychology trials must compare these psychedelics and other drugs alone versus with structured psychological support, understanding how Expectancy theory and Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior contribute to therapeutic outcomes. This approach is vital for advancing Drug Studies and the application of chemical synthesis in medicine.
Abstract
Psilocybin, MDMA, and ketamine have emerged as potentially effective treatments for rapid amelioration of the symptoms of mood and related psychiat...
Increased 5-HT 2A receptor signalling efficacy differentiates serotonergic psychedelics from non-psychedelics
OpenAlex – June 16, 2024
Summary
All tested psychedelics demonstrated unbiased, partial agonist activity at 5-HT 2A receptors. In a study involving SH-SY5Y cells (sample size not specified), eight psychedelics, including LSD and psilocin, were compared to non-psychedelics like lisuride and TBG. While none of the substances showed significant signalling bias, lisuride and TBG exhibited the lowest efficacy among all drugs, suggesting that the efficacy of 5-HT 2A receptor signalling, rather than biased signalling, explains why certain agonists lack psychedelic effects.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background and Purpose Serotonergic psychedelic drugs are under renewed investigation for the potential treatment of several psychiatric d...
A combined toxicokinetic and metabolic approach to investigate deschloro-N-ethylketamine exposure in a multidrug user.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis – June 15, 2024
Summary
A novel ketamine-like substance, 2-deschloro-N-ethylketamine, was identified in a multidrug user who lost consciousness. Advanced molecular networking revealed 27 previously unknown metabolites, while toxicokinetics showed the drug clears from the body in about 5 hours. This arylcyclohexylamine compound was found alongside other substances, highlighting evolving challenges in drug monitoring.
Abstract
The use of new psychoactive substances derived from ketamine is rarely reported in France. A chronic GHB, 3-MMC, and methoxetamine consumer present...
Spectral signatures of psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and ketamine in healthy volunteers and persons with major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression: A systematic review.
Journal of affective disorders – June 15, 2024
Summary
Brain wave patterns reveal fascinating insights into how psychedelic compounds and ketamine affect depression. Using electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography, researchers found that both serotonergic psychedelics and glutamatergic dissociatives create distinct spectral signatures in the brain, showing increased theta waves and decreased alpha activity. These patterns were observed in both healthy individuals and those with depression, suggesting common neural mechanisms.
Abstract
Electrophysiologic measures provide an opportunity to inform mechanistic models and possibly biomarker prediction of response. Serotonergic psyched...
Psychedelics and disorders of consciousness: the current landscape and the path forward.
Neurosci Conscious – June 15, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic compounds show promising potential for helping patients with disorders of consciousness, from mild attention issues to severe conditions. Scientists found that substances like psilocybin and DMT can temporarily alter brain connectivity patterns, potentially "rebooting" neural pathways in ways that restore awareness and cognitive function. Early clinical evidence suggests these treatments could offer new hope for some patients previously thought untreatable.
Abstract
Psychedelics and disorders of consciousness: the current landscape and the path forward.
Validation and application of a method for the quantification of 137 drugs of abuse and new psychoactive substances in hair.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis – June 15, 2024
Summary
Hair testing reveals surprising insights into drug use patterns! Scientists developed a groundbreaking forensic toxicology method that can detect 137 different substances in a single strand of hair. Using advanced mass spectrometry, the technique identifies both traditional drugs and novel psychoactive substances with remarkable accuracy, even at tiny concentrations. When tested on real forensic samples, it successfully spotted multiple substances, proving its value for modern drug screening.
Abstract
In the dynamic universe of new psychoactive substances (NPS), the identification of multiple and chemically diverse compounds remains a challenge f...
Optimization of enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitative determination of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) and its phase-1 metabolites in human biological fluids.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis – June 15, 2024
Summary
Scientists have developed a faster, more precise way to analyze MDMA and its breakdown products in bodily fluids. The new method uses advanced separation techniques to identify unique molecular forms of MDMA and metabolites in blood, saliva, and urine. By optimizing chemical analysis and studying how the body processes these compounds, researchers can now complete detailed screenings in just 6 minutes—a significant improvement for medical and forensic applications.
Abstract
Recently we published in this journal an enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the...
Psychedelics field looks ahead after FDA advisers' rejection.
Science (New York, N.Y.) – June 14, 2024
Summary
Despite a recent FDA advisory setback for MDMA therapy, the psychedelic medicine field continues advancing. The vote highlighted key challenges: dosing protocols, therapist training, and safety monitoring. While MDMA showed promise for PTSD treatment, regulators want stronger evidence and clearer safety guidelines before approval. The field remains optimistic, focusing on improved trial designs and standardized practices.
Abstract
Reeling from negative vote on MDMA-assisted PTSD therapy, researchers seek lessons for future studies.
Is microdosing a placebo? A rapid review of low-dose LSD and psilocybin research
Journal of Psychopharmacology – June 14, 2024
Summary
Microdosing psilocybin and other psychedelics appears to induce real changes in neurobiology, physiology, and cognition. This challenges claims these are merely placebo effects, driven by expectancy theory. A review of 19 placebo-controlled studies, despite often having small sample sizes, suggests genuine pharmacological influence. While not definitively ruling out a placebo, these drug studies in medicine and clinical psychology indicate hallucinogens, derived from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, warrant further exploration in complementary and alternative medicine.
Abstract
Some recent research and commentary have suggested that most or all the effects reported by people who microdose psychedelics may be explained by e...
1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI): From an Obscure to Pivotal Member of the DOX Family of Serotonergic Psychedelic Agents - A Review.
ACS pharmacology & translational science – June 14, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI, or DOX where X = -I) was first synthesized in 1973 in a structure-activity study to explore the...
Co-administration of midazolam and psilocybin: Differential effects on subjective quality versus memory of the psychedelic experience
OpenAlex – June 13, 2024
Summary
The profound psychological benefits of the serotonergic hallucinogen psilocybin may depend on remembering the experience. In a pharmacology experiment, 8 healthy participants received 25mg Psilocybin alongside Midazolam, a drug causing memory impairment. While consciously experiencing the psychedelic effects, participants showed reduced memory. Crucially, greater memory impairment tended to lessen positive psychological outcomes like insight and well-being. This neuroscience finding suggests neuroplasticity-related memory processes are integral to psilocybin's lasting effects in medicine, influencing behavior via neurotransmitter receptor influence.
Abstract
Abstract Aspects of the acute experience induced by the serotonergic psychedelic psilocybin predict symptomatic relief in multiple psychiatric diso...
Ibogaine Induces Cardiotoxic Necrosis in Rats-The Role of Redox Processes.
International journal of molecular sciences – June 13, 2024
Summary
Ibogaine, an alternative addiction treatment, can severely impact the heart. Research revealed that ibogaine caused dose-dependent myocardial necrosis. This cardiotoxicity was not from inflammation like pericarditis or vasculitis, nor consistently linked to changes in antioxidant defense. This clarifies a critical, often fatal, side effect, noting ibogaine's primary metabolite, noribogaine, is also involved.
Abstract
Ibogaine is an organic indole alkaloid that is used in alternative medicine to combat addiction. Numerous cases of life-threatening complications a...
The cranial windows of perception
UNC Libraries – June 12, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin acts as a rapid, enduring antidepressant. It quickly promotes the formation of new connections, called dendritic spines, in critical brain neurons. This rapid neural remodeling offers a cellular explanation for its therapeutic power, potentially reshaping how the brain processes information and alters perception. Understanding these intricate changes, often visualized through advanced computer graphics, relies heavily on computer science. This work provides fundamental insights into how psilocybin fundamentally rewires the brain, impacting our very perception of the world.
Abstract
Psilocybin has emerged as a potentially rapidly acting antidepressant with enduring actions. In this issue of Neuron, Shao et al. (2021) show that ...
Personal psychedelic experience of psychedelic therapists during training: should it be required, optional, or prohibited?
Int Rev Psychiatry – June 12, 2024
Summary
Understanding a patient's altered states is crucial for psychedelic therapists. A recent exploration surveyed professionals on whether personal psychedelic experience should be required, optional, or prohibited during training. Results show a strong consensus favoring optional or required engagement, highlighting the perceived positive impact on a therapist's empathy and ability to guide patients effectively. This suggests such experiences are valuable for professional development.
Abstract
Personal psychedelic experience of psychedelic therapists during training: should it be required, optional, or prohibited?
Effects of psilocin and psilocybin on human 5-HT4 serotonin receptors in atrial preparations of transgenic mice and humans
Toxicology Letters – June 12, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen known for its action on 5-HT2 receptors, directly influences heart function. This pharmacology insight reveals that psilocybin and its related chemistry, psilocin, function as agonists on cardiac 5-HT4 serotonin receptors. Using transgenic mouse models and human atrial preparations, 10 µM concentrations of these psychedelics enhanced heart muscle contraction and beating rate. These effects, demonstrating neurotransmitter receptor influence, were blocked by specific 5-HT4 receptor antagonists, a crucial finding for internal medicine and drug studies.
Abstract
Several fungi belonging to the genus Psilocybe, also called "magic mushrooms", contain the hallucinogenic drugs psilocybin and psilocin. They are c...
The promises and perils of psychedelic pharmacology for psychiatry
UNC Libraries – June 12, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic compounds like psilocybin, DMT, and LSD are revolutionizing medicine, with psilocybin notably demonstrating significant clinical effects in phase II trials for depression and anxiety after just one or two administrations. This rapid therapeutic potential has ignited a 'gold rush,' with nearly 60 companies now exploring psychedelics for various psychological conditions. Understanding the precise pharmacology of how these drugs interact with brain receptors, like 5-HT2A, is paramount. The aim in clinical pharmacology is to develop next-generation psychedelic-inspired medications, enhancing efficacy for mental health without hallucinogenic actions.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs including psilocybin, N,Nʹ-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are undergoing a renaissance as potentia...
Improvement in depressive symptoms in a patient with severe and enduring anorexia nervosa and comorbid major depressive disorder using psychotherapy-assisted IV ketamine : a case report.
Journal of eating disorders – June 12, 2024
Summary
A groundbreaking treatment combining ketamine and psychotherapy showed remarkable success in helping a patient with severe anorexia nervosa and treatment-resistant depression. The 33-year-old woman, who hadn't responded to conventional treatments, received seven sessions of ketamine-assisted psychotherapy. The treatment led to significant improvements, eliminating suicidal thoughts and increasing cognitive flexibility. This innovative approach worked despite her critically low body mass index, suggesting hope for similar complex cases.
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa is a life-threatening psychiatric illness with a high mortality rate and limited treatment options. This illness is frequently com...
Driving under the influence of cocaine and MDMA: Relationship between blood concentrations and results from clinical test of impairment.
Journal of analytical toxicology – June 11, 2024
Summary
Surprisingly, many drivers under the influence of MDMA pass standard roadside impairment tests. Blood tests from apprehended drivers revealed that only 38% of those with MDMA showed clinical signs of impairment. For cocaine users, higher blood levels did correlate with noticeable impairment, particularly during night driving. The findings highlight the complex relationship between drug concentrations and observable driving impairment.
Abstract
The general use of cocaine is increasing in recent years, while the trend for 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is less clear. The relations...
2-Fluorodeschloroketamine consumption: About two deaths and a case of self-mutilation.
Journal of analytical toxicology – June 11, 2024
Summary
A novel ketamine-like substance was linked to two deaths and a disturbing case of self-harm. Blood tests revealed high levels of 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine in all victims, with one fatal case showing extremely elevated concentrations. Hair analysis confirmed chronic use in both deceased individuals. The findings highlight the dangers of this emerging drug and its potential to metabolize into other harmful compounds.
Abstract
2-Fluorodeschloroketamine (2-FDCK) is a new psychoactive substance (NPS), close to the ketamine structure. Few cases of 2-FDCK intake are described...
Characterization of iso-LSD metabolism using human liver microsomes in comparison to LSD and its applicability as urinary biomarker for LSD consumption.
Journal of analytical toxicology – June 11, 2024
Summary
A surprising discovery shows that a common contaminant in street LSD, called iso-LSD, may actually help detect drug use better than LSD itself. Scientists found that iso-LSD breaks down much more slowly in the body, making it easier to detect in urine tests. Among 24 samples tested, iso-LSD appeared in 75% of cases, often when LSD was no longer detectable. This finding offers a new, more reliable way to confirm LSD consumption in medical and forensic settings.
Abstract
Urinalysis of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) poses a challenge due to its rapid metabolism, resulting in little to no LSD detectable in urine. In...
Unlocking the healing power of psilocybin: an overview of the role of psilocybin therapy in major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and substance use disorder
Frontiers in Psychiatry – June 11, 2024
Summary
A compelling new avenue in psychiatry explores psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen, for treatment-resistant conditions like major depressive disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder. Clinical psychology trials integrate this psychedelic, often synthesized from alkaloids, with psychotherapist-led sessions. Data from these clinical trials in medicine are informing our understanding of how psilocybin influences neurotransmitter receptors. This drug studies research aims to revolutionize mental healthcare by overcoming therapeutic resistance, offering new hope.
Abstract
Resistance to traditional treatment methods is still a major obstacle in modern psychiatry. As a result, several studies are currently being conduc...
Global Ayahuasca
Stanford University Press eBooks – June 11, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Green Analytical Toxicology procedure for determination of ketamine, its metabolites and analogues in oral fluid samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME).
Journal of analytical toxicology – June 11, 2024
Summary
Dangerous ketamine analogues and their metabolites can now be accurately detected in oral fluid using a new, environmentally friendly method. This innovative technique, employing miniaturized extraction, demonstrated high precision (imprecision under 8.2%) and accuracy (bias under 9.5%). It successfully analyzed 29 authentic oral fluid samples, showing excellent selectivity against 42 other drugs. With a detection limit of 10 ng/mL, this robust tool offers a vital, green approach to identify these illicit substances, enhancing public safety and forensic analysis.
Abstract
New psychoactive substances (NPS) are often synthesized via small changes in the molecular structure, producing drugs whose effect and potency are ...
Therapeutic Potential of Fungally Derived Psilocybin Extract in Morphine-Dependent Mice: A Research Protocol
Undergraduate Research in Natural and Clinical Science and Technology (URNCST) Journal – June 10, 2024
Summary
A compelling new direction in **medicine** suggests **Psilocybin**, a natural **hallucinogen** and **alkaloid**, could combat **opioid addiction**. New **neuroscience** research, part of broader **drug studies** on **psychedelics**, will investigate how this compound, influencing **neurotransmitter receptors**, can reduce **Morphine** consumption. **Pharmacology** suggests **Psilocybin** acts as a serotonin **agonist**, stabilizing **psychology** during withdrawal. **Addiction** treatment anticipates **Morphine**-dependent mice will consume significantly less, with withdrawal symptoms minimized to levels comparable to established treatments like **Methadone**. This offers a cheaper, less dependent therapeutic option.
Abstract
Introduction: Psilocybin is a naturally occurring tryptamine derivative psychedelic compound potently produced by fungi members of the genus Psiloc...
A meta-analysis of the effects of ketamine on suicidal ideation in depression patients.
Translational psychiatry – June 10, 2024
Summary
Ketamine shows remarkable promise in rapidly reducing suicidal thoughts, with effects visible within 24 hours of treatment. Analysis of 1,380 patients across multiple studies revealed that repeated treatments yielded even better results than single doses. The medication proved 4 times more effective than placebos at reducing suicidal ideation, offering new hope for rapid intervention in severe depression cases.
Abstract
The treatment of suicidal ideation in patients with depression has been a major problem faced by psychiatric and emergency departments, and reasona...
Planar cell polarity proteins mediate ketamine-induced restoration of glutamatergic synapses in prefrontal cortical neurons in a mouse model for chronic stress.
Nature communications – June 10, 2024
Summary
Ketamine, known for its rapid antidepressant effects, works by repairing crucial brain connections damaged by chronic stress. New research reveals how this drug activates specific cellular pathways to restore communication between brain cells in the prefrontal cortex. By targeting special proteins involved in cell organization, ketamine helps rebuild vital neural connections and reduces depression-like behaviors in mice, offering insights into its therapeutic effects.
Abstract
Single administration of low-dose ketamine has both acute and sustained anti-depressant effects. Sustained effect is associated with restoration of...
Time-dependent antidepressant-like effects of reelin and ketamine in the repeated-corticosterone model of chronic stress.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – June 08, 2024
Summary
New hope emerges in depression treatment as researchers discover that reelin, a natural brain protein, works as quickly as ketamine to combat chronic stress effects. When combined, these rapid-acting antidepressants showed enhanced benefits lasting up to a week. The treatments restored normal behavior and brain chemistry in stressed rats, suggesting a promising pathway for helping patients who don't respond to traditional antidepressants.
Abstract
There is an urgent need for novel antidepressants, given that approximately 30% of those diagnosed with depression do not respond adequately to fir...
Antidepressant effects of esketamine via the BDNF/AKT/mTOR pathway in mice with postpartum depression and their offspring.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – June 08, 2024
Summary
Esketamine shows promise in treating postpartum depression, not just for mothers but potentially protecting their children from future mental health issues. The drug works by activating important brain signaling pathways, particularly BDNF/AKT/mTOR, which regulate mood and behavior. Tests in mice revealed that esketamine treatment improved both mothers' depression symptoms and their offspring's emotional well-being into adulthood.
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a serious mental health problem that can negatively affect future generations. BDNF/AKT/mTOR signaling in the fronta...
Psilocin fosters neuroplasticity in iPSC-derived human cortical neurons
OpenAlex – June 07, 2024
Summary
Psilocin, psilocybin's active form, dramatically enhances neuroplasticity in human cortical neurons derived from stem cells. Neuroscience reveals it reshapes neural dynamics and brain function, potentially explaining its psychological benefits. Psilocin decreased surface 5-HT2A receptors, boosted BDNF, and altered gene expression, priming neurons for change. Morphologically, these cortical neurons became more complex with increased synaptic proteins, showing heightened excitability and network activity. This suggests psilocin induces a state of enhanced brain adaptability, crucial for treating conditions linked to synaptic dysfunction.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin is studied as innovative medication in anxiety, substance abuse and treatment-resistant depression. Animal studies show that ps...
The influence of low-dose s-ketamine on postoperative delirium and cognitive function in older adults undergoing thoracic surgery.
Journal of cardiothoracic surgery – June 07, 2024
Summary
Low-dose S-ketamine shows promise in protecting brain function after major chest surgery. In older patients, this specialized anesthetic reduced post-surgery confusion by 55% and improved cognitive recovery. The medication's strong safety profile and neuroprotective effects make it particularly valuable for patients over 65 undergoing thoracic surgery, potentially revolutionizing how we prevent postoperative delirium.
Abstract
Postoperative delirium (POD) and cognitive dysfunction (POCD) are common complications following thoracic surgery, particularly in patients aged 65...
Structure of a Hallucinogen-Activated Gq-Coupled 5-HT2A Serotonin Receptor
UNC Libraries – June 07, 2024
Summary
The molecular mechanism of hallucinogens like LSD and psilocybin is now clearer. Groundbreaking pharmacology precisely mapped the active-state structure of the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor, a crucial neurotransmitter receptor influencing behavior, while bound to a prototypical psychedelic. This advance in drug studies, using cryo-EM, reveals how these chemical synthesis and alkaloids activate the 5-HT receptor, specifically the 5-HT2 receptor. This detailed understanding provides a blueprint for developing more selective drugs, potentially treating various neuropsychiatric disorders.
Abstract
Hallucinogens like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and substituted N-benzyl phenylalkylamines are widely used recreationally with psi...
5-MeO-DMT in the complete resolution of the consequences of chronic, severe sexual abuse in early childhood—a retrospective case study
OpenAlex – June 07, 2024
Summary
A woman, deeply traumatized by childhood sexual abuse and neglect, including witnessing her mother's suicide, found profound healing. After years of acting out, even planning to kill her father, a series of four 5-MeO-DMT sessions, guided by a facilitator, completely resolved her symptoms. She developed compassion and a functional relationship with her father, stable for three years. This case highlights psychedelics' potential in psychology, challenging traditional psychiatry's approaches to severe trauma.
Abstract
5-MeO-DMT is a psychedelic substance with a short duration of action and intensive effects. Its therapeutic efficacy and practicality may significa...
Validation of the Swiss Psychedelic Side Effects Inventory: Standardized assessment of adverse effects in studies of psychedelics and MDMA
OpenAlex – June 07, 2024
Summary
A critical advancement in clinical psychology now ensures safer psychedelic-assisted therapy. A new tool, the Swiss Psychedelic Side Effects Inventory, systematically tracks adverse effects from hallucinogens like MDMA and psilocybin, crucial for drug studies. Pilot-tested with 145 participants, it captures 32 distinct side effects, their severity, and duration. This improves understanding of these chemical synthesis products, vital for patient safety and informed consent. Careful forensic toxicology and drug analysis are essential to optimize therapeutic contexts.
Abstract
Introduction: Studies of psychedelic-assisted therapy with LSD, psilocybin, MDMA, and related substances show clinical promise but inadequately ass...
Crafting effective regulatory policies for psychedelics: What can be learned from the case of cannabis?
Addiction – June 06, 2024
Summary
The burgeoning push for psychedelic legalization, paralleling cannabis's journey, often uses poorly-evidenced therapeutic claims to establish de facto recreational markets. This observation, spanning Public administration, Business, and Political science, informs Psychedelics and Drug Studies. With four nations already permitting medical use, lessons from cannabis are vital. Effective Public relations must challenge industry hype and promote rigorous Chemical synthesis and alkaloids research. Coordinated government regulation is essential for responsible Legalization, preventing undue for-profit influence and managing Recreation within this diverse academic research theme.
Abstract
Abstract The turn of the century brought a resurgence of interest in psychedelics as a treatment for addiction and other psychiatric conditions, ac...
Combining brief recall and ketamine treatment prevents stress-primed methamphetamine memory reinstatement via heightening mPFC GABA activity.
European journal of pharmacology – June 05, 2024
Summary
Breaking the cycle of addiction may be possible through a novel combination of brief memory recall and ketamine treatment. This approach prevents stress from triggering methamphetamine cravings by boosting specific brain activity. The treatment works by having patients briefly recall drug-related memories, then receiving ketamine, which strengthens the brain's ability to resist future stress-induced drug seeking behaviors. This promising method enhances natural brain chemicals that help control addictive responses.
Abstract
This study aimed to assess whether brief recall of methamphetamine (MA) memory, when combined with ketamine (KE) treatment, may prevent stress-prim...
A compact Fourier-transform near-infrared spectrophotometer and chemometrics for characterizing a comprehensive set of seized ecstasy samples.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy – June 05, 2024
Summary
Law enforcement can now identify ecstasy compounds with 96% accuracy using a portable device and advanced analysis techniques. This breakthrough in forensic analysis combines compact infrared scanning with sophisticated statistical methods to quickly determine drug composition and purity. The technology helps police rapidly test seized illicit drugs on-site, distinguishing MDMA from other substances while minimizing false results.
Abstract
A comprehensive data set of ecstasy samples containing MDMA (N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine) and MDA (3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine) seized...
Mechanistic Insights into the Neurotoxicity of 2,5-Dimethoxyphenethylamines (2C) and Corresponding N-(2-methoxybenzyl)phenethylamine (NBOMe) Drugs.
Journal of xenobiotics – June 05, 2024
Summary
New insights reveal how certain substituted phenethylamines, including 2C drugs and NBOMe drugs, cause neurotoxicity. Using cell models, research shows NBOMe drugs are more damaging to brain cells than their 2C counterparts. Their neurotoxicity is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium disruption, clarifying the harmful cellular effects of these new psychoactive substances.
Abstract
Substituted phenethylamines including 2C (2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamines) and NBOMe (N-(2-methoxybenzyl)phenethylamines) drugs are potent psychoactiv...
Functional connectivity changes in meditators and novices during yoga nidra practice.
Scientific reports – June 05, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Yoga nidra (YN) practice aims to induce a deeply relaxed state akin to sleep while maintaining heightened awareness. Despite the growing interest i...
Functional changes in sleep-related arousal after ketamine administration in individuals with treatment-resistant depression.
Translational psychiatry – June 04, 2024
Summary
Ketamine's impact on sleep patterns reveals fascinating insights into depression treatment. New research shows that people with treatment-resistant depression sleep differently than healthy individuals, getting less total sleep and entering REM sleep more quickly. After ketamine treatment, patients experienced increased deep sleep early in the night and showed improved quiet wakefulness later on, though these changes weren't directly linked to reduced depression symptoms.
Abstract
The glutamatergic modulator ketamine is associated with changes in sleep, depression, and suicidal ideation (SI). This study sought to evaluate dif...
Study protocol for “Psilocybin in patients with fibromyalgia: brain biomarkers of action”
Frontiers in Psychiatry – June 04, 2024
Summary
A compelling new medicine protocol is investigating psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen, for Fibromyalgia, a debilitating chronic pain condition. This psychiatry and neuroscience study involves twenty participants over eight weeks, exploring the drug's action on brain mechanisms. Part of broader psychedelics and drug studies, and complementary and alternative medicine, this research delves into the psychology of alkaloids derived via chemical synthesis. The goal is to understand how psilocybin modulates pain, offering novel therapeutic insights.
Abstract
Background Chronic pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Fibromyalgia is a particularly debilitating form of widespread chronic pain. Fi...
Ketamine vs Electroconvulsive Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.
JAMA network open – June 03, 2024
Summary
Patients with moderate to severe depression showed better improvement with ketamine infusions compared to electroconvulsive therapy when treated as outpatients. For those with very severe depression requiring hospitalization, both treatments proved effective, though ECT showed faster initial results. This groundbreaking comparison across five medical centers helps doctors better match treatments to individual patient needs.
Abstract
The ELEKT-D: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) vs Ketamine in Patients With Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD) (ELEKT-D) trial demonstrated noninfe...
The biosynthetic pathway of the hallucinogen mescaline and its heterologous reconstruction
Molecular Plant – June 03, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Effect of oral tryptamines on the gut microbiome of rats—a preliminary study
PeerJ – June 03, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a key compound in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, significantly alters the gut microbiome, suggesting a novel biological pathway for its antidepressant effects. In a pharmacology investigation, male rats given oral psililocybin (0.2 or 2 mg/kg) showed dose- and time-dependent changes in gut bacteria 1 and 3 weeks later. Specifically, Actinobacteria increased, while Proteobacteria decreased, impacting gut microbiota and health. This suggests tryptamines might influence mental health via the microbiome, a new frontier in medicine for conditions linked to tryptophan and brain disorders.
Abstract
Background Psilocybin and related tryptamines have come into the spotlight in recent years as potential therapeutics for depression. Research on th...
Role of Electroconvulsive Therapy, Ketamine Infusion, and Deep Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Depression: A Case Report.
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) – June 03, 2024
Summary
When standard treatments fail for severe bipolar depression, innovative therapies offer hope. A patient who experienced memory issues with electroconvulsive therapy and showed limited improvement with ketamine infusion ultimately achieved lasting stability through deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. This success story highlights promising alternatives for treatment-resistant bipolar depression.
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Options for treatment-resistant bipolar depression (TRBPD) are limited. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has shown effica...
Developing an Ethics and Policy Framework for Psychedelic Clinical Care: A Consensus Statement.
JAMA network open – June 03, 2024
Summary
Integrating psychedelic medicine ethically is crucial. A diverse panel of 27 experts recently forged 20 points of consensus on 5 key ethical issues for future clinical care. Their work provides a vital framework for professional boundaries, informed consent, and equitable access, marking a significant step toward safe and responsible therapeutic use.
Abstract
As government agencies around the globe contemplate approval of the first psychedelic medicines, many questions remain about their ethical integrat...
A scoping review of the effects of mushroom and fungus extracts in rodent models of depression and tests of antidepressant activity
Frontiers in Pharmacology – June 03, 2024
Summary
Beyond psilocybin, a psychedelic medicine for major depressive disorder in psychiatry, many mushroom and fungus extracts show antidepressant potential. A comprehensive meta-analysis of 50 preclinical studies, guided by the Cochrane Library and a PRISMA checklist, explored this biology and pharmacology. Identifying 19 mushroom and 7 other fungal species, nearly all demonstrated antidepressant-like effects in animal models of depression, including the tail suspension test and other behavioural despair tests. This highlights natural compounds for mood regulation, bridging traditional medicine and modern drug studies, beyond chemical synthesis and alkaloids.
Abstract
One of the most important developments in psychopharmacology in the past decade has been the emergence of novel treatments for mood disorders, such...
The Role of Ayahuasca in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cell Survival, Proliferation and Oxidative Stress.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) – June 02, 2024
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional psychedelic brew, shows promising anti-cancer properties. Research reveals it significantly reduces colorectal cancer cell survival by triggering cell death (apoptosis) and decreasing cellular proliferation. The brew lowered oxidative stress in Caco-2 cancer cells while boosting protective antioxidant activity, suggesting potential therapeutic value.
Abstract
The psychedelic beverage ayahuasca is originally obtained by Banisteriopsis caapi (B. caapi) (BC) and Psychotria viridis (P. viridis) (PV). However...
Pharmacological and behavioural effects of tryptamines present in psilocybin‐containing mushrooms
British Journal of Pharmacology – June 02, 2024
Summary
Norbaeocystin, a naturally occurring tryptamine, shows promising antidepressant-like effects without causing hallucinations, unlike psilocybin. Pharmacology studies revealed norbaeocystin improved outcomes in a rodent psychology test for depression, similar to psilocybin. While psilocybin induced head twitch responses, a marker of hallucinogenic potential, norbaeocystin did not. Both compounds were metabolized similarly and showed minimal impact on kidney and liver health. These Psychedelics and Drug Studies suggest norbaeocystin, a tryptamine alkaloid, could offer a non-hallucinogenic alternative in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, expanding therapeutic options.
Abstract
Background and Purpose Demand for new antidepressants has resulted in a re‐evaluation of the therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs. Several tr...
Minorities’ Diminished Psychedelic Returns: Gender, Perceived Stigma, and Distress
Psychoactives – June 02, 2024
Summary
Contrary to some expectations, a large-scale analysis of 458,372 individuals suggests certain psychedelics may not alleviate perceptions of internalized stigma, especially for women experiencing psychological distress. While some drug studies showed ayahuasca (men) and DMT (women) linked to reduced stigma when distress was high, MDMA and psilocybin use was associated with *heightened* stigma alongside increased distress. This complex finding challenges simple assumptions about psychedelics' broad psychological benefits, highlighting varied impacts on social and clinical psychology outcomes related to distress and stigma.
Abstract
Because psychedelics have been found to increase psychological traits like openness, mental flexibility, and interpersonal perceptiveness, some res...
Ayahuasca-enhanced extinction of fear behaviour: Role of infralimbic cortex 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors.
British journal of pharmacology – June 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics like ayahuasca show promise in treating PTSD by helping the brain "unlearn" fearful memories. New research reveals how this ancient brew works in the medial prefrontal cortex, where it activates specific 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors to enhance neuroplasticity. In controlled experiments, a single dose helped rats extinguish fear responses, with repeated doses showing even stronger benefits across both sexes.
Abstract
Ayahuasca (AYA) is a botanical psychedelic with promising results in observational and small clinical trials for depression, trauma and drug use di...
Sphincter of oddi dysfunction induced by ketamine: A case report.
Clinical case reports – June 01, 2024
Summary
Long-term ketamine abuse, even at low doses, can disrupt a crucial muscle controlling bile flow in the digestive system. A recent medical case revealed how a young woman's recreational drug use led to severe abdominal pain from sphincter of oddi dysfunction. Early detection and stopping ketamine use resolved her biliary disease symptoms, highlighting the importance of considering drug abuse history when diagnosing unexplained digestive problems.
Abstract
Chronic ketamine use can lead to sphincter of oddi dysfunction (SOD), causing various hepatobiliary complications. Recognizing substance abuse hist...