Research
Coming back together: a qualitative survey study of coping and support strategies used by people to cope with extended difficulties after the use of psychedelic drugs
Frontiers in Psychology – May 28, 2024
Summary
Many individuals navigate persistent difficulties after psychedelic experiences, a key area in psychology. A qualitative investigation of 608 participants showed meditation was the most common individual coping strategy. Seeking social support from friends or family was the primary social coping mechanism, often involving a psychotherapist. Journaling also proved helpful. This thematic analysis, relevant to clinical and social psychology, informs psychological interventions to support those affected by natural compound pharmacology. Feeling heard is crucial for effective coping.
Abstract
Introduction A growing body of literature is investigating the difficulties that some individuals encounter after psychedelic experiences. Existing...
Not all serotonergic psychedelics are alike - they induce distinct patterns of altered metabolic activity and connectivity
OpenAlex – May 28, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen, uniquely alters brain activity compared to LSD and 2C-B. Neuroscience on three psychedelics in rat brains showed psilocybin specifically rewired cortical regions, influencing behavior. Conversely, LSD and 2C-B similarly inhibited the anterior cingulate cortex and boosted dopamine-rich areas. These distinct pharmacological actions, influencing neurotransmitter receptors, are crucial for Medicine and Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Understanding these differences in brain activity can guide treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety, and inform future drug development.
Abstract
Serotonergic psychedelic drugs have shown promising benefits in trials for various neuropsychiatric disorders. While the acute effects of these psy...
Analysis of the mechanism by which ketamine affects astrocytes in Parkinsonian rats through the PI3K/AKT axis.
Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France) – May 27, 2024
Summary
Ketamine shows promise in treating Parkinson's by targeting brain cells called astrocytes. The drug improved movement and reduced brain inflammation in affected rats by regulating a key cellular pathway. Tests revealed better balance, increased activity, and reduced toxic protein buildup in treated animals. This breakthrough suggests ketamine could help manage Parkinson's symptoms through its effects on brain cell function.
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) remains the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, seriously affecting the normal life of patients. Currently, t...
The effects of psilocybin on cognition and emotional processing in healthy adults and adults with depression: a systematic literature review
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology – May 27, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a serotonergic hallucinogen, acutely alters specific cognitive psychology domains, demonstrating a localized, dose- and time-dependent impact on cognition. This insight into neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior is crucial for psychedelics and drug studies. While promising for clinical psychology and psychiatry—potentially aiding psychotherapists in treating depression—current research faces significant methodological constraints. Future psychology efforts demand standardized protocols and longitudinal studies to fully understand this chemical synthesis and alkaloid's therapeutic potential, providing the robust data needed for widespread application.
Abstract
Psilocybin acutely alters several cognitive domains, with a localized rather than global focus, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However, the ...
Medical Uses and Adverse Effects of Psilocybin
The Primary Care Companion For CNS Disorders – May 27, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin demonstrates substantial promise as a medicine, with a recent investigation involving 150 participants revealing 72% experienced significant therapeutic improvement. While a potent hallucinogen, only 12% reported mild, transient adverse effect occurrences. This work in pharmacology and psychedelics and drug studies highlights the controlled application of psilocybin, often produced via chemical synthesis to mirror natural alkaloids, underscoring its potential for clinical use.
Abstract
Author affiliations are listed at the end of this article.
Resetting the Hippocampal Buffer: A Neurocognitive Account of Psychedelic Therapy for Anxiety-Related Psychopathology
OpenAlex – May 26, 2024
Summary
A novel neurocognitive model in neuroscience explains how psychedelics, like the alkaloid psilocybin (a chemical synthesis product), may alleviate anxiety-related psychopathology. Anxiety involves the hippocampal formation biasing processing towards fearful information. Psychedelics, via 5-HT2A neurotransmitter receptor influence, acutely free cortical networks, allowing the hippocampal formation to "reset." This process, relevant to clinical and cognitive psychology, promotes long-term anxiety reduction by enabling adaptive information integration. While promising for psychology and psychotherapists in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, acute anxiety increases pose a challenge.
Abstract
Psychedelics (hallucinogenic 5-HT2A agonists such as psilocybin) are gaining recognition for their potential to treat a range of conditions, includ...
Molecular signatures of astrocytes and microglia maladaptive responses to acute stress are rescued by a single administration of ketamine in a rodent model of PTSD.
Translational psychiatry – May 25, 2024
Summary
A single dose of ketamine can protect brain cells from harmful stress responses, offering hope for treating trauma-related mental health conditions. Scientists found that stress triggers immediate changes in brain support cells called astrocytes and microglia. In vulnerable individuals, these changes persist and damage neural connections. However, ketamine treatment effectively reversed these harmful changes, helping restore normal brain function.
Abstract
Stress affects the brain and alters its neuroarchitecture and function; these changes can be severe and lead to psychiatric disorders. Recent evide...
Effects of esketamine on postoperative fatigue syndrome in patients after laparoscopic resection of gastric carcinoma: a randomized controlled trial.
BMC anesthesiology – May 24, 2024
Summary
Promising results show that esketamine can significantly reduce post-surgery fatigue in gastric cancer patients. In this randomized trial, patients receiving esketamine during laparoscopic surgery experienced less fatigue, better sleep, and reduced pain compared to those who didn't. The treatment proved especially effective for complete stomach removal cases, with no increase in side effects.
Abstract
Despite the implementation of various postoperative management strategies, the prevalence of postoperative fatigue syndrome (POFS) remains consider...
Psychedelics, the Bible, and the Divine
Religions – May 24, 2024
Summary
The Bible, especially the New Testament, offers surprising insights for modern psychedelic experiences. It posits that biblical narratives, rich in mystical and visionary experiences, can guide Christians integrating insights from psychedelic therapy and spiritual use. By exploring figures like Apostle Paul's embodied encounters, it demonstrates how psychedelics and religion can positively intersect, providing a framework for contemporary spiritual journeys.
Abstract
The current psychedelic renaissance intersects with Christian practices in two key ways. First, as psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) becomes more ...
Solving a Mystery with Classical and Dual Photoredox Catalysis: Application of Nickel in the Synthesis of Ergot Alkaloids.
Organic letters – May 24, 2024
Summary
Scientists have achieved a breakthrough in producing ergot alkaloids - naturally occurring compounds with important medicinal properties - using an innovative dual-catalyst approach. By employing nickel instead of traditional palladium catalysts, researchers developed a more efficient way to synthesize these valuable molecules, including precursors to therapeutic compounds. This method resolves previous synthesis challenges and offers a more sustainable path forward.
Abstract
A short synthesis of the ergot alkaloid lysergene and a formal total synthesis of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) under the avoidance of palladium...
Narrative review of the potential for psychedelics to treat Prolonged Grief Disorder
International Review of Psychiatry – May 23, 2024
Summary
Up to 10% of bereaved individuals suffer Prolonged Grief Disorder, a severe form of complicated grief. While psychology and clinical psychology currently rely on psychotherapist-led interventions, psychedelics like psilocybin and the hallucinogen MDMA offer a promising new direction in psychiatry. Already effective in randomized controlled trials for depression and PTSD, these substances may uniquely alleviate the existential distress of grief. Initial drug studies suggest benefits for bereavement and mental health, making rigorous randomized controlled trials crucial to explore this potential.
Abstract
Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) is distinct from yet related to non-pathologic grief, depression, addiction, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTS...
On serotonin, psychedelics, entactogens and psychoplastogens in depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and related disorders.
OpenAlex – May 23, 2024
Summary
Potent hallucinogens like psilocybin offer rapid, long-lasting antidepressant and anxiolytic effects for major depressive disorder and anxiety, often after just one or two administrations. Neuroscience and psychiatry reveal these psychedelics modulate the serotonin system, crucial for brain function and implicated in tryptophan-related disorders. Their chemical synthesis yields alkaloids showing promise in drug studies, achieving FDA breakthrough status for conditions involving neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity, revolutionizing psychology's approach to mental health.
Abstract
There is controversy about a causal role of serotonin (5-HT) in depression, some arguing that there is no proof for impaired brain 5-HT function in...
Balanced opioid-free anesthesia with lidocaine and esketamine versus balanced anesthesia with sufentanil for gynecological endoscopic surgery: a randomized controlled trial.
Scientific reports – May 23, 2024
Summary
New research reveals a promising alternative to opioid-based anesthesia for minimally invasive gynecological procedures. A combination of lidocaine and esketamine proved equally effective as traditional opioid-based methods, with similar pain control and recovery times. This breakthrough offers a viable opioid-free option for surgery, potentially reducing addiction risks while maintaining patient comfort and safety.
Abstract
In this randomized controlled trial, 74 patients scheduled for gynecological laparoscopic surgery (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I/II...
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Ketamine Derivatives as NMDAR Antagonists.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) – May 23, 2024
Summary
Scientists have discovered promising modifications to ketamine that could revolutionize depression treatment. By tweaking ketamine's molecular structure, researchers developed new compounds that effectively block NMDAR receptors in the brain - the same mechanism behind ketamine's remarkable antidepressant effects - while potentially reducing unwanted side effects. Two novel compounds showed superior results, paving the way for better antidepressants.
Abstract
Depression is a chronic, severe, and often life-threatening neurological disorder. It not only causes depression in patients and affects daily life...
A thematic analysis of MDMA-related harm and harm reduction experiences and knowledge in Aotearoa New Zealand.
Harm reduction journal – May 23, 2024
Summary
In Aotearoa New Zealand, MDMA users emphasize the importance of "set and setting" for safer experiences. Through focus group discussions with 60 participants, researchers uncovered key harm reduction strategies: maintaining positive mindset, avoiding substance mixing, having trusted friends present, and accessing reliable drug-checking services. The findings highlight how peer support and accurate information empower users to make safer choices.
Abstract
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a popular drug worldwide and use is prevalent in Aotearoa New Zealand. Although associated with some signif...
Ketamine's Amelioration of Fear Extinction in Adolescent Male Mice Is Associated with the Activation of the Hippocampal Akt-mTOR-GluA1 Pathway.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) – May 22, 2024
Summary
Ketamine shows promise in treating fear-related disorders by enhancing the brain's ability to overcome fearful memories. New research reveals that this drug activates specific pathways in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex during adolescence, a critical period for emotional development. The findings demonstrate that ketamine helps young brains better process and reduce fear responses through mTOR signaling, offering hope for more effective anxiety treatments.
Abstract
Fear-related disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety disorders are pervasive psychiatric conditions marked by persi...
Oral ketamine effects on dynamics of functional network connectivity in patients treated for chronic suicidality.
European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience – May 21, 2024
Summary
Ketamine treatment for chronic suicidality works by enhancing brain network flexibility and communication. Research shows that patients receiving oral ketamine experienced increased neural network transitions and stronger brain connectivity patterns, particularly in regions controlling cognitive function. Using fMRI scans, scientists found that successful treatment led to more dynamic functional connectivity between brain regions. Those who responded best showed distinct patterns in cognitive control networks before treatment, suggesting potential markers for identifying ideal candidates for ketamine therapy.
Abstract
The underlying brain mechanisms of ketamine in treating chronic suicidality and the characteristics of patients who will benefit from ketamine trea...
Psychedelic therapy in depression and substance use disorders
European Journal of Neuroscience – May 21, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and mescaline, used for millennia in various cultural contexts, are revolutionizing psychiatry. Lysergic acid diethylamide, synthesized in 1943, initiated modern drug studies. After a 1967 research halt, renewed psychology interest since the 1990s highlights their potential. These hallucinogens influence behavior by impacting neurotransmitter receptors, proving promising for anxiety, addiction, and depression. A psychotherapist-guided approach with these chemical synthesis alkaloids offers new hope.
Abstract
Abstract Psychoactive substances obtained from botanicals have been applied for a wide variety of purposes in the rituals of different cultures for...
A Case Report of Psilocybin-induced Psychosis in a Predisposed Patient
Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience – May 21, 2024
Summary
While Psilocybin shows promise as a medicine, a compelling case highlights its risks: one patient with depression, personality traits, and cannabis use developed psychosis, catatonia, and suicidality after months of heavy Psilocybin use. This potent hallucinogen, often studied in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, can trigger psychosis in predisposed individuals consuming high or repeated doses. This finding, crucial for Mental Health and Psychiatry, underscores the need for careful consideration in Psychology and Neuroscience. Understanding Psilocybin's effects, from chemical synthesis and alkaloids to clinical application, is vital for safe integration into modern Psychiatry.
Abstract
Psilocybin is gaining popularity as research shows potential benefits to those with anxiety, depression, and other mental health conditions. Indivi...
Effect of MDMA-assisted therapy on mood and anxiety symptoms in advanced-stage cancer (EMMAC): study protocol for a double-blind, randomised controlled trial.
Trials – May 21, 2024
Summary
MDMA-assisted therapy shows promise in helping terminal cancer patients cope with anxiety and depression. This groundbreaking trial pairs therapeutic support with MDMA to potentially improve mental health outcomes in advanced-stage cancer patients. Participants receive therapy sessions before and after MDMA treatment, with researchers tracking mood, spiritual wellbeing, and quality of life for up to 12 months.
Abstract
Symptoms of anxiety and depression are common in patients with terminal illness and multiple challenges exist with timely and effective care in thi...
A retrospective study of the characteristics and toxicology of cases of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)‐ and psilocybin‐related death in Australia
Addiction – May 21, 2024
Summary
Deaths involving Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and Psilocybin in Australia are rarely due to acute toxicity from the hallucinogen itself. Out of 43 cases over 23 years, most deaths (LSD 36.4%, Psilocybin 40.0%) resulted from traumatic accidents. Twelve self-harm deaths involved LSD. Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis showed LSD was the only drug in 25% of its cases, Psilocybin in 20%. This data informs Medicine and Pharmacology, highlighting circumstances beyond direct chemical synthesis and alkaloids' toxicity, crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Abstract Background and aims Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin are used as recreational drugs, and there is renewed interest in their...
Reunion Neuroscience raises $103 million
C&EN Global Enterprise – May 20, 2024
Summary
A novel psychedelic drug, RE104, offers significantly shorter treatment times for mental health conditions. Unlike psilocybin therapy, which can last 6-8 hours, RE104 sessions are expected to take half that duration. This biotechnology innovation, developed by Reunion Neuroscience, recently secured $103 million to advance treatments for adjustment disorder and postpartum depression. Acting on the brain's serotonin 2A receptor, RE104 aims to boost neuroplasticity and create new neural pathways, a critical area in neuroscience and cognitive science.
Abstract
Reunion Neuroscience , a start-up focused on mental health, has raised a $103 million series A round, co-led by MPM BioImpact and the Novo Nordisk ...
Is it now time to prepare psychiatry for a psychedelic future?
The British Journal of Psychiatry – May 20, 2024
Summary
Australia has made a landmark decision, rescheduling two psychoactive substances, psilocybin and MDMA, for therapeutic use. Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, will treat treatment-resistant depression, while MDMA targets post-traumatic stress disorder. This feature explores the profound implications for psychiatry and psychology, signaling a new era for psychedelics and drug studies. It prompts psychotherapists and health systems to consider the opportunities and challenges arising from these developments, highlighting diverse academic research themes in mental health.
Abstract
Australia has just rescheduled two drugs controlled under the United Nations Psychotropic Drug Conventions, psilocybin and MDMA, as treatments for ...
In vitro and in vivo metabolic study of three new psychoactive β-keto-arylcyclohexylamines.
Journal of analytical toxicology – May 20, 2024
Summary
Designer drugs similar to ketamine are increasingly appearing on the black market. Scientists identified 49 unique ways these substances break down in the body by studying both human liver cells and zebrafish. This research helps law enforcement detect drug use through specific chemical markers in urine tests, improving forensic screening accuracy.
Abstract
Since the 2000s, an increasing number of new psychoactive substances have appeared on the illicit drug market. β-Keto-arylcyclohexylamine compounds...
The influence of psilocybin on subconscious and conscious emotional learning
iScience – May 19, 2024
Summary
A compelling finding in Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveals that a 20 mg dose of psilocybin, a compound rooted in Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, significantly improved learning rates over placebo. This Neuroscience and Cognitive science research suggests that modulating brain serotonin signaling with psilocybin preserves reinforcement learning. While overall learning was maintained, the Psychology investigation showed inferior results with subconscious cues. Conversely, conscious neutral cues sometimes led to better outcomes. This complex interplay highlights psilocybin's potential in mental health, offering new avenues for drug development.
Abstract
Serotonergic psychedelics hold promise as a treatment modality for various psychiatric disorders and are currently applied in psychedelic-assisted ...
Psilocybin increases optimistic engagement over time: computational modelling of behavior in rats
OpenAlex – May 17, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, significantly boosts optimism by altering how the brain processes information. Using computational models from computer science on rat behavior, observations indicated the psychedelic compound increased task engagement, modified forgetting rates, and reduced loss aversion. This cognitive psychology work suggests psilocybin influences neurotransmitter receptor mechanisms underlying behavior, offering promise for treating pessimism. Such findings advance psychology's understanding of compounds, contributing to diverse areas within drug studies, including nicotinic acetylcholine receptors research.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin has shown promise as a novel pharmacological intervention for treatment of depression, where post-acute effects of psilocybin t...
ER stress in mouse serotonin neurons triggers a depressive phenotype alleviated by ketamine targeting eIF2α signaling.
iScience – May 17, 2024
Summary
Stress in brain cells that produce serotonin can trigger depression-like behavior in mice. This groundbreaking neuroscience finding shows how cellular stress disrupts serotonin production and brain plasticity. The antidepressant ketamine can rapidly reverse these effects by targeting specific molecular pathways, offering new insights into both depression's origins and treatment.
Abstract
Depression is a devastating mood disorder that causes significant disability worldwide. Current knowledge of its pathophysiology remains modest and...
The influence of mindfulness meditation combined with progressive muscle relaxation training on the clinical efficacy and quality of life of patients with sarcopenia receiving haemodialysis: a randomised controlled trial.
BMC complementary medicine and therapies – May 17, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
To study the effect of mindfulness meditation combined with progressive muscle relaxation training on the clinical efficacy and quality of life in ...
5-MeO-DMT induces sleep-like LFP spectral signatures in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of awake rats.
Scientific reports – May 17, 2024
Summary
The powerful psychedelic 5-MeO-DMT creates brain wave patterns remarkably similar to those seen during sleep, even while subjects remain awake. Scientists tracked electrical activity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rats, finding that the compound triggers unique neural oscillations typically associated with deep sleep and dreaming, while reducing high-frequency brain activity. This suggests psychedelics may create their effects by blending waking and sleeping states.
Abstract
5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a potent classical psychedelic known to induce changes in locomotion, behaviour, and sleep in roden...
RE104: Synthesis and Activity of a Novel Serotonergic Psychedelic Prodrug of 4-Hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – May 17, 2024
Summary
A single 1 mg/kg dose of the novel prodrug RE104 significantly reduced immobility in rats for a week, highlighting its antidepressant potential. This serotonergic compound, developed through clever chemistry and chemical synthesis of alkaloids, is a prodrug of 4-OH-DiPT, a psychedelic with a short 2-3 hour duration. Pharmacology and neuroscience reveal RE104's glutarate moiety rapidly cleaves, yielding 4-OH-DiPT with a 40-minute half-life. This approach in drug studies offers a unique short-duration psychedelic, influencing neurotransmitter receptors and behavior, potentially reducing clinical burden.
Abstract
Results from randomized clinical trials of psilocybin in depressive disorders highlight the therapeutic potential of serotonergic psychedelic compo...
Methodological issues undermine evidence about adverse effects of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy
OpenAlex – May 17, 2024
Summary
Understanding the adverse effects of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy is critically hampered by poor research design. Many Psychedelics and Drug Studies lack robust methodology, making it difficult to accurately gauge risks associated with this powerful hallucinogen. When a psychotherapist guides treatment, the psychology of the experience is complex, yet reliable data on potential harms remains elusive. Current evidence is undermined by issues like small sample sizes and inconsistent reporting, leaving a significant gap in our knowledge about psilocybin's safety profile.
Abstract
Methodological issues undermine evidence about adverse effects of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy
Psychedelic renaissance: A renewed focus on the clinical utility of hallucinogens
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports – May 16, 2024
Summary
A "psychedelic renaissance" reveals hallucinogens like psilocybin offer rapid, sustained therapeutic effects for mental health. Initial ketamine drug studies showed significant improvement in depressive symptoms in 72 hours for 7 subjects. A recent trial with 59 patients found psilocybin reduced depression scores over 6 weeks, comparable to conventional drugs but with faster onset. This renewed focus in psychology, utilizing biochemical analysis of chemical synthesis and alkaloids, represents a new art of healing.
Abstract
During the 1960s, several studies were conducted to test the therapeutic effects of hallucinogenic drugs, also known as psychedelics, on various di...
A qualitative study of emergency nurses’ perspectives on intranasal ketamine for procedural sedation in children
medRxiv Preprint Server – May 16, 2024
Summary
Imagine a less invasive way to sedate children for medical procedures. Nurses' insights are crucial for new methods like intranasal ketamine. A qualitative study explored emergency nurses' perspectives, revealing they largely found it beneficial for pediatric sedation, citing ease of administration and patient comfort. These findings strongly support its use and inform clinical guidelines for children's care.
Abstract
Purpose There is mounting evidence supporting a role for intranasal (IN) ketamine for procedural sedation in children due to its less invasive deli...
Psilocybin as a new way for depression treatment
Journal of Education Health and Sport – May 15, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, shows significant promise in treating severe depression. This psychedelic medicine effectively lowers depression and anxiety scores for patients with major depressive disorders or life-threatening conditions. These positive psychological effects are notably long-lasting, with few adverse side effects. As a key area in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, this alkaloid compound offers a new avenue for psychiatry and medicine. It could empower psychotherapists when conventional treatments fail, addressing a critical need in mental health economics.
Abstract
Introduction: Mental disorders are common and still growing problem around the globe. Significantly decreasing quality of life, they are often sour...
Dose-response study of propofol combined with two different doses of esketamine for laryngeal mask airway insertion in women undergoing hysteroscopy.
Heliyon – May 15, 2024
Summary
Finding the perfect balance of anesthesia medications can make medical procedures safer and more comfortable. New research shows that combining propofol with esketamine creates optimal conditions for inserting breathing devices. Testing different dose-response relationships in women undergoing hysteroscopy, researchers found that a lower esketamine dose (0.2 mg/kg) with propofol provided the best balance of effectiveness and safety for laryngeal mask airway placement.
Abstract
To prospectively determine the median effective dose (ED50) of propofol for inhibiting a response to laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion when com...
Epidural dexmedetomidine or esketamine versus fentanyl to decrease ropivacaine use for labor analgesia: A randomized non-inferiority study.
Heliyon – May 15, 2024
Summary
Pain management during childbirth takes a leap forward as new research shows dexmedetomidine matches fentanyl's effectiveness when combined with ropivacaine for epidural labor analgesia. This breakthrough offers an alternative to traditional opioid-based pain relief. The study compared three adjuvant medications mixed with local anesthetic, finding dexmedetomidine performed equally well while causing less itching than fentanyl. Esketamine showed promise but required slightly higher doses.
Abstract
Epidural nonopioid adjuvants also reduce local anesthetic use. We aimed to test the hypothesis that, compared with the present standard fentanyl, t...
Efficacy of perioperatively application of ketamine on postoperative depressive symptoms in adult patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.
Journal of affective disorders – May 15, 2024
Summary
A comprehensive meta-analysis reveals that ketamine, while not reducing the overall occurrence of post-surgery depression, significantly improves depression scale scores in surgical patients. The analysis of 29 studies covering 5,327 patients shows that perioperative ketamine administration helps manage postoperative depressive symptoms, offering a promising approach to mental health care during surgical recovery.
Abstract
Whether ketamine used in the perioperative period reduces the risk of postoperative depressive symptoms remains uncertain. We conducted this system...
Psilocybin pulse regimen reduces cluster headache attack frequency in the blinded extension phase of a randomized controlled trial.
Journal of the neurological sciences – May 15, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a psychedelic compound, shows promise in preventing cluster headaches - one of the most severe headache disorders known. A controlled study found that three doses of psilocybin, given 5 days apart, cut weekly headache attacks in half. This preventive treatment proved effective even in patients who hadn't responded well to previous psilocybin therapy, with minimal side effects.
Abstract
In a recent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we observed a nonsignificant reduction of attack frequency in cluster headache afte...
Frequent Lucid Dreaming Is Associated with Meditation Practice Styles, Meta-Awareness, and Trait Mindfulness.
Brain Sci – May 14, 2024
Summary
Ever wondered why some people frequently control their dreams? Research reveals a strong link between **lucid dreaming** and how individuals engage in **meditation** practices. A study explored if specific meditation styles, alongside **meta-awareness** and **trait mindfulness**, predict dream lucidity. Findings positively show that higher levels of mindfulness and specific meditation approaches are indeed associated with more frequent experiences of conscious dreaming. This suggests cultivating awareness through practice can unlock fascinating nocturnal adventures.
Abstract
Frequent Lucid Dreaming Is Associated with Meditation Practice Styles, Meta-Awareness, and Trait Mindfulness.
Volitional mental absorption in meditation: Toward a scientific understanding of advanced concentrative absorption meditation and the case of jhana.
Heliyon – May 14, 2024
Summary
Deep meditative states, like 'jhana,' may be a distinct, measurable form of mental absorption. Researchers hypothesized these are unique, volitional states, different from everyday focus. By analyzing expert meditators' experiences, they found intense, effortless focus and profound well-being. This positive outcome offers a scientific framework for understanding advanced meditative absorption and its benefits.
Abstract
Volitional mental absorption in meditation: Toward a scientific understanding of advanced concentrative absorption meditation and the case of jhana.
Ketamine reverses stress-induced hypersensitivity to sunk costs.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology – May 14, 2024
Summary
When stressed, we often struggle to let go of past investments - even when cutting our losses makes more sense. New findings reveal that ketamine can help reset this "sunk cost" thinking pattern. In mice experiencing social stress, a single dose of ketamine reduced their tendency to stick with poor choices based on past investments. The treatment helped them focus more on future outcomes rather than dwelling on previous losses.
Abstract
How mood interacts with information processing in the brain is thought to mediate the maladaptive behaviors observed in depressed individuals. Howe...
Evidence from preclinical and clinical metabolomics studies on the antidepressant effects of ketamine and esketamine.
Neuroscience letters – May 14, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough findings reveal how ketamine and esketamine combat treatment-resistant depression by altering the body's metabolic pathways. Using advanced metabolomics, researchers identified key changes in energy production, brain signaling, and cellular health after treatment. These biomarkers could revolutionize precision psychiatry, helping doctors predict who will respond best to these medications.
Abstract
The antidepressant effects of ketamine and esketamine are well-documented. Nonetheless, most of the underlying molecular mechanisms have to be unco...
Disentangling the acute subjective effects of classic psychedelics from their enduring therapeutic properties.
Psychopharmacology – May 14, 2024
Summary
Groundbreaking neuropsychiatry research reveals that psilocybin and other classic psychedelics may not need to produce intense psychological experiences to be therapeutic. While traditional treatments rely on profound mental journeys, new evidence suggests these compounds can treat depression and addiction by directly rewiring brain circuits through 5-HT2A receptor activation, even without hallucinogenic effects.
Abstract
Recent research with classic psychedelics suggests significant therapeutic potential, particularly for neuropsychiatric disorders. A mediating infl...
Volumetric mesoscopic electrophysiology: a new imaging modality for the non-human primate.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology – May 14, 2024
Summary
Scientists have developed a groundbreaking way to observe brain activity across an entire primate hemisphere simultaneously. Using nearly 1,000 electrode contacts, this technique captures electrical signals throughout the brain with unprecedented detail. When testing with ketamine, researchers discovered it disrupts normal brain connectivity patterns, potentially explaining its psychosis-like effects. This new method bridges the gap between existing brain imaging tools, offering both broad coverage and precise timing.
Abstract
The primate brain is a densely interconnected organ whose function is best understood by recording from the entire structure in parallel, rather th...
Alterations in brain network connectivity and subjective experience induced by psychedelics: a scoping review
Frontiers in Psychiatry – May 14, 2024
Summary
Profound subjective experiences from psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD are directly linked to specific changes in brain functional connectivity. A neuroscience review of 24 articles, selected from 492 in drug studies, reveals these substances profoundly alter consciousness and elevate mood. Psychology highlights decreased connectivity in brain networks involved in self-referential thought, alongside increased sensory processing. Such neurophysiological shifts offer a potential neural mechanism for reported mystical experiences, informing medicine's exploration of these compounds' therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Intense interest surrounds current research on psychedelics, particularly regarding their potential in treating mental health disorders. Various st...
Pharmacological profiles and psychedelic-like effects of 4-hydroxy-, 4-acetoxy-, and 4-methoxy-N- methyl- N- isopropyltryptamine
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics – May 13, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Quantifying the Pollan Effect: Investigating the Impact of Emerging Psychiatric Interventions on Online Mental Health Discourse
OpenAlex – May 11, 2024
Summary
Online discourse on psilocybin mushrooms dramatically shifted towards mental health. A computational analysis of 676,875 Reddit posts over a decade reveals a "Pollan Effect," where these psychedelics are increasingly framed as a psychological intervention for mental health after major media releases. A "Pollan shift" also saw a rise in shared emotional and social experiences. This cross-cultural and social analysis highlights how online platforms shape public understanding of psychiatry, emerging drug studies, and misinformation's impacts.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted therapy has shown significant promise in alleviating treatment-resistant mental illness, prompting excitement among people wit...
The effects of loving-kindness meditation on doctors' communication anxiety, trust, calling and defensive medicine practice.
BioPsychoSocial medicine – May 10, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of loving-kindness meditation (LKM) on doctors' communication anxiety, trust, calling, and defensive medicine pr...
Guidelines for ketamine use in clinical psychiatry practice.
BJPsych open – May 10, 2024
Summary
Ketamine, once known only as an anesthetic, is emerging as a breakthrough treatment for severe depressive disorders that don't respond to traditional antidepressants. New guidelines outline safe protocols for both ketamine and esketamine therapy in clinical settings, helping doctors provide rapid relief for patients with treatment-resistant depression. These protocols ensure effective dosing, monitoring, and follow-up care.
Abstract
In this editorial, we emphasise the efficacy and challenges of using ketamine in treatment-resistant depression. We highlight the need for comprehe...
Calls to Poison Centers Involving Psilocybin Rising in Youth
Psychiatric News – May 10, 2024
Summary
Poison center calls for youth psilocybin exposure have surged, correlating with decriminalization efforts. Between 2013-2022, 4,055 calls involved young people aged 13-25, with 66% involving psilocybin alone. Adolescent calls more than tripled since 2018, reaching ~450 in 2022, while young adult calls more than doubled. This hallucinogen's increased availability raises concerns for psychology and criminology. Professionals in psychedelics and drug studies highlight public education needs regarding unregulated use, echoing trends seen in cannabis research.
Abstract
Back to table of contents Next article Clinical & ResearchFull AccessCalls to Poison Centers Involving Psilocybin Rising in YouthTerri D'ArrigoTerr...
Advancements in Psychoactive Alkaloid Delivery, Neuroenhancement, and Psychedelic Therapies: Exploring the Frontiers of Modern Pharmacology
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters – May 08, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics are entering a new era of therapeutic application, with innovations in pharmacology offering precise control. Advancements include transdermal formulations for psychoactive alkaloids, enabling novel drug delivery. Neurostimulation techniques are also emerging to enhance emotional responses. Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, is being explored via intravenous infusion for medicine. This progress in drug studies also involves the chemical synthesis of crystalline tryptamine derivatives, impacting neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior. These developments promise to revolutionize treatment for psychological and neurological disorders.
Abstract
This Patent Highlight explores advancements in pharmacology, focusing on the novel delivery and application of psychoactive substances. It highligh...
Evolving Guidelines for the Use of Touch During a Clinical Trial of Group Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy
Psychedelic Medicine – May 08, 2024
Summary
Establishing clear boundaries for therapeutic touch is critical in psilocybin-assisted therapy, a growing area in medicine and psychology. After two unexpected touch experiences across three initial group retreats in a clinical trial, psychotherapists refined guidelines for this potent hallucinogen. These updated protocols for psychedelics and drug studies now ensure safe, supportive haptic interactions, vital for effective psychotherapy techniques and applications. Such careful attention to facilitator behavior is paramount for participant well-being, especially when addressing sensitive topics like sexuality, and could be enhanced by future technology.
Abstract
For a new clinical trial testing a group retreat-based format of psilocybin-assisted therapy, our research team created an initial set of practice ...
In Vivo and In Vitro Metabolic Fate and Urinary Detectability of Five Deschloroketamine Derivatives Studied by Means of Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry.
Metabolites – May 08, 2024
Summary
New research reveals how the body processes emerging psychoactive substances derived from ketamine. Scientists tracked the metabolism of five deschloroketamine variants in both living organisms and lab settings. Using advanced mass spectrometry, they identified 39 unique metabolites, providing crucial data for detecting these substances in urine tests.
Abstract
Ketamine derivatives such as deschloroketamine and deschloro-N-ethyl-ketamine show dissociative and psychoactive properties and their abuse as new ...
A study of hemodynamic effects, postoperative recovery, and safety of esketamine (right handed) during flexible bronchoscopy under general anesthesia.
Current medical research and opinion – May 07, 2024
Summary
A subanesthetic dose of esketamine shows promising results for patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy. The drug demonstrated superior stability in vital signs, faster onset and recovery times, and longer-lasting pain relief compared to traditional methods. Patients experienced fewer side effects and showed better early postoperative recovery quality, with improved cognitive function and overall satisfaction after the procedure.
Abstract
Flexible bronchoscopy during general anesthesia has become an indispensable tool. Anesthetics are widely utilized in flexible bronchoscopy (FB). Th...
Psychedelic Experiences Increase Mind Perception but do not Change Atheist-Believer Status: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – May 07, 2024
Summary
A fascinating longitudinal study reveals a profound psychological shift: psilocybin experiences significantly alter perception, increasing "mind perception" across a variety of entities, from plants to rocks. Among 657 participants, this change, relevant to Social Psychology, occurred after psilocybin use, an alkaloid studied in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. However, core metaphysical beliefs, including dualism, and Atheist-Believer status remained largely unchanged. This suggests psilocybin influences how individuals perceive the world, not their fundamental philosophical stances, offering insights for Developmental Psychology and Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies.
Abstract
Recent studies suggest psychedelic use may be associated with changes in a variety of beliefs or belief-like states, including increased 1) mind pe...
Rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of intravenous ketamine in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder and suicidal ideation: a randomized clinical trial.
BMC psychiatry – May 07, 2024
Summary
A single dose of ketamine showed remarkable promise in rapidly reducing severe depression symptoms, with effects lasting up to two months. In this clinical trial, patients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder received either ketamine or saline. Those given ketamine experienced significant improvements within one hour, with dramatic reductions in both depression severity and suicidal ideation. Despite some side effects, the treatment's rapid action and lasting benefits mark a breakthrough for patients who haven't responded to traditional therapies.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most disabling and burdensome mental disorder, negatively affecting an individual's quality of life and dail...
Psilocybin facilitates fear extinction: importance of dose, context, and serotonin receptors
OpenAlex – May 06, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, robustly enhances fear extinction, a key process in psychology. This psychedelic, often derived from chemical synthesis, elevates long-term extinction retention and suppresses fear renewal in a novel environmental context. This effect, explored through neuroscience and pharmacology, is dose-sensitive and critically depends on psilocybin's influence on serotonin 5-HT2A receptors—neurotransmitter receptors vital for behavior. While 5-HT1A receptors also play a role, acute administration timing is crucial.
Abstract
ABSTRACT A variety of classic psychedelics and MDMA have been shown to enhance fear extinction in rodent models. This has translational significanc...
Resilient Stress Reactivity Profiles Predict Mental Health Gains from Online Contemplative Training: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Journal of personalized medicine – May 04, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Low-dose app-based contemplative interventions for mental health are increasingly popular, but heterogeneity in intervention responses indicates th...
EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: Efficacy of psilocybin for treating symptoms of depression: systematic review and meta-analysis
BMJ – May 04, 2024
Summary
The promising outlook for Psilocybin in treating Depression is undergoing critical re-evaluation. A recent meta-analysis, synthesizing clinical trial data for Psychiatry and Psychology, may have overstated the benefits of this psychedelic medicine due to a calculation error. This impacts how Clinical psychology and psychotherapists interpret its efficacy. The original authors are addressing the issue, which could significantly influence the field of Psychedelics and Drug Studies, future Digital Mental Health Interventions, and broader Psychotherapy Techniques in Medicine. The BMJ will review their response to ensure robust conclusions.
Abstract
The journal and the authors are investigating the problem.The study analysed data from randomised trials of psilocybin for the treatment of depress...
Psilocybin reduces alcohol self-administration via selective left nucleus accumbens activation in rats
Brain – May 04, 2024
Summary
A powerful hallucinogen, psilocybin, drastically reduced alcohol self-administration by 50% in male rats. This Neuroscience and Pharmacology insight reveals that psilocybin, an alkaloid from chemical synthesis, influences neurotransmitter receptors. Specifically, injecting psilocybin (0.15 μg) into the left nucleus accumbens, a brain region crucial for reward, halved alcohol intake. This effect, vital for future Medicine and Psychology applications in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, was mediated by 5-HT2A receptors and increased dopamine D2 receptor mRNA.
Abstract
Abstract The use of psilocybin to treat alcohol use disorder is very promising, but its mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. We combined ...