Research
Innovative and Emerging Treatments for Anorexia Nervosa
FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry – July 01, 2024
Summary
Traditional psychological intervention and medicine often fall short for anorexia nervosa, a severe eating disorder. Psychiatry is exploring novel strategies, including brain stimulation techniques like vagus nerve stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Initial investigations also show promise for psilocybin and cannabidiol as potential treatments. These early findings, spanning clinical psychology and behavioral medicine, underscore an urgent need for robust clinical trials to improve patient outcomes.
Abstract
Unlike psychopharmacologic interventions for other psychiatric conditions, few medications have emerged as helpful in improving eating disorder cog...
Involvement of 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A Receptors in the Pharmacological Effects of 5-MeO-DMT Analogs in Male C57BL/6J Mice
Drug and Alcohol Dependence – July 01, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Treatment-Related Fluctuation in Guillain-Barre Syndrome With the Acute Motor-Sensory Axonal Neuropathy (AMSAN) Variant: A Case Report.
Cureus – July 01, 2024
Summary
A rare neurological complication emerged after ayahuasca use, leading to Guillain-Barre syndrome in a 60-year-old man. Initially improving with immunoglobulin treatment, his condition unexpectedly worsened, demonstrating a treatment-related fluctuation. The AMSAN variant was confirmed through testing, making this case particularly notable. He required breathing support but responded to additional treatment.
Abstract
We present the case of a 60-year-old male patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) who experienced treatment-related fluctuations (TRF) with a hi...
Sexual minority identifiers and their perception of illicit drug use risks in the US: Results from a National Survey.
Journal of psychiatric research – July 01, 2024
Summary
LGBTQ+ adults consistently view illicit drug use as less risky compared to heterosexual peers, according to comprehensive national survey data from over 200,000 Americans. While most participants across all groups recognized high risks in using drugs like cocaine and heroin, sexual minority individuals were significantly more likely to perceive lower dangers. This perception gap was particularly notable among gay men and bisexual adults, highlighting the need for tailored substance abuse prevention strategies for diverse communities.
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between sexual identities and perception of risks associated with illicit drug use among a nationally represen...
Sleep and dream disturbances associated with dissociative experiences.
Consciousness and cognition – July 01, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Some dissociative experiences may be related, in part, to REM intrusion into waking consciousness. If so, some aspects of dream content may be asso...
Implementation of a ketamine programme for treatment-resistant depression in the public health system: Lessons from the first Australian public hospital clinic.
The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry – July 01, 2024
Summary
A groundbreaking public hospital program in Australia has made ketamine treatment accessible to patients with severe depression who couldn't afford private care. The initiative demonstrated successful implementation of ketamine therapy in a public healthcare setting, helping patients who hadn't responded to traditional treatments. The program established protocols, safety measures, and delivery methods that other public hospitals can now replicate, marking a significant step toward making innovative mental health treatments available to all.
Abstract
One could argue that we are living through a period of innovation and change in psychiatry unlike that seen before, with repurposed medications eme...
Qualitative transformations of street-seized ecstasy over a decade: A case study in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).
Journal of forensic sciences – July 01, 2024
Summary
Brazilian ecstasy tablets underwent dramatic changes over a decade, with chemical profiling revealing a complex mix of substances. Analysis of seized drugs showed MDMA being increasingly cut with substances like caffeine and clobenzorex. Major events in Rio affected drug composition patterns, while highway-linked samples suggested targeted distribution to truck drivers.
Abstract
The illegal drug market is constantly evolving, with new drugs being created and existing ones being modified. Adulterants are often added to the m...
Rethinking Therapeutic Strategies for Anorexia Nervosa: Insights From Psychedelic Medicine and Animal Models.
Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) – July 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic compounds like psilocybin show promise in treating anorexia nervosa by targeting serotonin pathways and improving cognitive flexibility. Research using animal models reveals that these substances may help break rigid eating patterns by activating specific brain receptors. Studies combining behavioral therapy with carefully monitored psychedelic medicine could offer new hope for this challenging condition.
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disease, yet available pharmacological treatments are largely ineffective d...
Pharmacotherapy for sleep disturbances in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A network meta-analysis.
Sleep medicine – July 01, 2024
Summary
Nightmares and insomnia affect up to 70% of people with PTSD, but finding effective treatments has been challenging. A comprehensive analysis of nearly 100 clinical trials, involving over 10,000 participants, reveals that prazosin shows the most promise in improving sleep quality and reducing nightmares in PTSD patients. Surprisingly, commonly prescribed medications like antidepressants and sleeping pills showed limited effectiveness. The findings suggest a need to reconsider current treatment approaches, as some widely-used medications may cause drowsiness without meaningful benefits.
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are an important symptom dimension of post-traumatic-stress-disorder (PTSD). There is no meta-analytic evidence examining the ef...
Fixed dose ketamine for prehospital management of hyperactive delirium with severe agitation.
The American journal of emergency medicine – July 01, 2024
Summary
Fixed-dose ketamine proves effective in prehospital care for managing hyperactive delirium. A 250mg dose successfully calmed 80% of severely agitated patients, with minimal complications. While traditional sedation relies on weight-based dosing, this standardized approach simplified treatment for emergency responders while maintaining safety. Most patients recovered well, with all surviving to hospital discharge.
Abstract
Patients exhibiting signs of hyperactive delirium with severe agitation (HDSA) may require sedating medications for stabilization and safe transpor...
Comparison of propofol-esketamine versus propofol-sufentanil for deep sedation and analgesia in children with autism: A randomized double-blind clinical trial.
Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research – July 01, 2024
Summary
Children with autism receiving esketamine with propofol during colonoscopy procedures showed better outcomes than those given sufentanil combinations. The esketamine group experienced fewer adverse reactions, more stable blood pressure, and less movement during procedures. This safer approach to anesthesia could benefit many autistic children needing medical procedures.
Abstract
Propofol sedation, routinely used for endoscopic procedures, is safe and acceptable for children. Adjuvants, such as esketamine or sufentanil, are ...
Comparison of low-dose ketamine to methadone for postoperative pain in opioid addicts: a randomized clinical trial.
Anesthesia and pain medicine – July 01, 2024
Summary
Managing pain after surgery in patients with addiction presents unique challenges. A groundbreaking clinical trial found that low-dose ketamine works just as effectively as methadone for postoperative pain control in patients with opioid addiction. The study tracked 220 patients, comparing pain levels and side effects between those receiving ketamine versus methadone. Both medications performed equally well, with similar safety profiles and pain relief outcomes.
Abstract
Postoperative pain can lead to several complications. The effectiveness of different opioids in relieving pain after surgery has been widely studie...
Effectiveness of meditation on wellness management among corporate employees in India: An interventional study.
Health science reports – July 01, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Urban corporate sector relies heavily on workplace well-being, with meditation being a potent stress reduction method that significantly enhances t...
Psilocybin Therapy for Females With Anorexia Nervosa: A Phase 1, Open-Label Feasibility Study
FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry – July 01, 2024
Summary
A single 25-mg dose of synthetic psilocybin appears safe and tolerable for women with anorexia nervosa, a deadly illness lacking approved medicine. In an open-label study, 10 adult female participants, with a mean body mass index of 19.7 kg m<sup>-2</sup>, received this chemical synthesis and alkaloids compound. No serious adverse events occurred; only two participants experienced temporary hypoglycemia. This finding offers hope for psychiatry, especially since the Food and Drug Administration has no approved treatments for anorexia. Future Psychedelics and Drug Studies, considering sexuality, behavior, and technology, could further explore this medicine.
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a deadly illness with no proven treatments to reverse core symptoms and no medications approved by the US Food and Drug Ad...
Efficacy of addition of the anti-inflammatory, IV glutathione to standard ketamine IV therapy in major depressive disorder.
Psychiatry research – July 01, 2024
Summary
A promising depression treatment combining ketamine with glutathione shows how fighting inflammation may help mood disorders. While ketamine alone helps treatment-resistant depression by promoting neuroplasticity, adding the antioxidant glutathione aimed to reduce oxidative stress that often accompanies major depressive disorder. In a 30-person trial, both approaches significantly improved symptoms for two weeks post-treatment.
Abstract
Ketamine, a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, is used for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Recent studies have shown that there are incr...
Combination of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Ketamine in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Systematic Review.
Cureus – July 01, 2024
Summary
When traditional depression treatments fail, combining ketamine with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) shows remarkable promise. This innovative approach helps patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) achieve significant symptom relief. Studies reveal that combining these therapies leads to better outcomes than using either treatment alone, with minimal side effects and improved mood and function in those with major depressive disorder.
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a significant challenge in psychiatric practice, affecting a substantial proportion of patients with major ...
The efficacy and safety of ketamine in the treatment of super-refractory status epilepticus: a systematic review.
Journal of neurology – July 01, 2024
Summary
When severe epileptic seizures don't respond to standard treatments, the anesthetic ketamine offers hope. Analysis of hospital data shows this medication effectively stops super-refractory status epilepticus - a dangerous form of continuous seizures - with fewer side effects than alternatives. Early administration proved particularly beneficial, with patients showing significant improvement in seizure control and recovery outcomes.
Abstract
Ketamine, as an anesthetic, has been considered for terminating status epilepticus (SE); however, due to the urgency and severity of the condition,...
Exploring the impact of music on response to ketamine/esketamine: A scoping review.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews – July 01, 2024
Summary
Music's therapeutic power combines remarkably with ketamine treatments, enhancing patient experiences and outcomes. Research shows that carefully selected music during ketamine or esketamine therapy can reduce anxiety, improve mood, and create more meaningful therapeutic experiences. When used during anesthesia, music helps stabilize vital signs and increases patient satisfaction. This synergistic approach offers promising benefits for mental health treatment.
Abstract
Music and ketamine are both known to affect therapeutic outcomes, but few studies have investigated their co-administration. This scoping review de...
Meditation and Compassion Therapy in Psychiatric Disorders: A Pilot Study.
Cureus – July 01, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Introduction Our study aimed to compare meditation and compassion-based group therapy with the standard of care in patients with eating disorders, ...
Subcutaneous ketamine reduces suicide risk and improves functioning in depression: A proof-of-concept study.
Psychiatry research – July 01, 2024
Summary
A breakthrough in mental health treatment shows that small doses of ketamine injected under the skin can rapidly reduce suicidal thoughts and depression. In this groundbreaking approach, patients received carefully monitored doses, with most showing significant improvement after eight sessions. The C-SSRS assessment tool confirmed dramatic decreases in suicidal ideation, while depression symptoms notably improved. This well-tolerated treatment could offer new hope for those battling severe depression and thoughts of suicide.
Abstract
This investigation explores the efficacy of subcutaneous ketamine for mitigating depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation, addressing a crucial ne...
A randomised comparative study of erector spinae plane block versus low-dose ketamine-dexmedetomidine intravenous infusion as intraoperative opioid-free analgesia for modified radical mastectomy.
Indian journal of anaesthesia – July 01, 2024
Summary
New pain management approaches are revolutionizing breast cancer surgery. A combination of ketamine and dexmedetomidine through IV infusion proved more effective than nerve blocks for managing post-surgical pain. This non-narcotic approach reduced opioid use and stress responses in mastectomy patients, while providing better pain control and longer-lasting relief than traditional methods.
Abstract
Opioid-sparing analgesia for acute postoperative pain after breast cancer surgery is crucial due to opioid-related side effects. The utilisation of...
Observation on the Analgesic Effect of Different Doses of a Combination of Esketamine and Dexmedetomidine Administered for Percutaneous Endoscopic Transforaminal Discectomy: A Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Trial.
CNS drugs – July 01, 2024
Summary
A promising pain management combination shows mixed results in spinal surgery. While combining esketamine with dexmedetomidine reduced pain scores during key surgical moments without affecting breathing, it led to more side effects like dizziness and mental disturbances. Patient satisfaction remained unchanged compared to using dexmedetomidine alone, suggesting the need to balance pain control with comfort.
Abstract
Percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD) is an effective method for treating lumbar disc herniation, and is typically performed und...
Subanesthetic S-ketamine does not acutely alter striatal dopamine transporter binding in healthy Sprague Dawley female rats.
Synapse (New York, N.Y.) – July 01, 2024
Summary
S-ketamine, a promising fast-acting antidepressant, may work differently than scientists thought. New research using advanced brain imaging (PET) found that single doses don't affect dopamine transporter levels in the brain's reward center. This challenges previous theories about how this rapid-acting treatment lifts depression, suggesting its effectiveness likely stems from other neurological mechanisms.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is one of the most prevalent mental health disorders, posing a global socioeconomic burden. Conventional antidepressant t...
Therapeutic Potential of Intravenous Ketamine in Early-Onset Dementia: A Case Report.
Cureus – July 01, 2024
Summary
A groundbreaking case shows how IV ketamine brought renewed hope to a 56-year-old with treatment-resistant early-onset dementia. After standard medications failed, doctors administered intravenous ketamine infusions, leveraging its anti-inflammatory properties. The results were remarkable - the patient experienced significant improvements in memory, focus, and daily functioning. This innovative neurological approach suggests promising new possibilities for treating Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia.
Abstract
This case report discusses the use of intravenous (IV) ketamine as a potential therapeutic agent for early-onset dementia. A 56-year-old female wit...
Network analysis of meditative states in highly skilled meditators using EEG and horizontal visibility graphs.
Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference – July 01, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The benefits of meditation are increasingly recognized, and some forms are now used for clinical intervention. However, the electrophysiological co...
Early-onset alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use with age at onset of hypertension: a survival analysis.
Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology – July 01, 2024
Summary
Starting substance use before age 18 can accelerate the onset of hypertension by up to several years. Analysis of 19,000+ adults revealed that early exposure to alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana significantly increased the risk of developing high blood pressure at a younger age. Those who began using substances in their teens faced up to 85% higher risk of early hypertension compared to non-users.
Abstract
To examine the associations of age when first substance use and early-onset substance use before age 18 with age at onset (AAO) of hypertension. Th...
Use of Early Ketamine Sedation and Association With Clinical and Cost Outcomes Among Mechanically Ventilated Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Critical care explorations – July 01, 2024
Summary
Early ketamine treatment for COVID-19 patients on ventilators may have unexpected drawbacks. In a study of over 42,000 ventilated COVID patients across 610 US hospitals, those receiving ketamine showed higher mortality rates (52.5% vs 45.9%) and longer ICU stays. Treatment also led to increased hospital costs and longer time on ventilators, challenging assumptions about ketamine's benefits in critical care.
Abstract
To describe the utilization of early ketamine use among patients mechanically ventilated for COVID-19, and examine associations with in-hospital mo...
Meditation-type specific reduction in infra-slow activity of electroencephalogram.
Biomedical engineering letters – July 01, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Meditation is renowned for its positive effects on cognitive abilities and stress reduction. It has been reported that the amplitude of electroence...
Global Effect on Cortical Activity in Young Indian Males in Response to "OM" Chanting: A High-Density Quantitative Electro-Encephalography Study.
Annals of neurosciences – July 01, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Meditation using the "OM" mantra is the most widely used practice in India. Though reports have been published about the relaxation effect during b...
Dynamic regulation of phosphorylation of NMDA receptor GluN2B subunit tyrosine residues mediates ketamine rapid antidepressant effects.
Pharmacological research – July 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine's remarkable ability to lift depression symptoms within hours, rather than weeks, has revolutionized mental health treatment. New research reveals how this works: ketamine restores balance to key brain proteins by adjusting their phosphorylation levels. The drug specifically targets NR2B receptors in the prefrontal cortex, rapidly normalizing their function both inside and outside nerve connections, leading to quick antidepressant effects.
Abstract
The rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine depend on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor containing 2B subunit (NR2B), whose function is inf...
Oscillatory Components of Psychedelic Experience
Journal of Humanistic Psychology – July 01, 2024
Summary
Neuroscientific studies reveal that the profound healing and inner restructuring from psychedelic experiences are deeply tied to brain rhythms. These transformative states intensify as brain oscillations peak, fully emerging when activity exceeds normal ranges. Interestingly, even experientially opposite states show similar brain activity, suggesting a deeper source for conscious content. This dynamic interplay offers significant therapeutic potential.
Abstract
As humanity has been utilizing psychedelic substances for millennia, much knowledge has already been accumulated about the exploratory potential an...
Exploring the Role of Ketamine Sedation in Critically Ill Patients: A Comprehensive Review.
Cureus – July 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine offers unique advantages in critical care, maintaining vital signs while providing effective sedation. This groundbreaking medication preserves respiratory function and hemodynamic stability better than traditional sedatives, making it valuable for unstable patients. Studies show it reduces the need for blood pressure support while delivering reliable sedation. Its distinctive pharmacodynamics allow medical teams to keep patients comfortable without compromising breathing—a crucial benefit in intensive care settings.
Abstract
Sedation management in critically ill patients is a critical component of intensive care, aiming to balance the need for comfort and immobilization...
Number needed to treat (NNT) for ketamine and esketamine in adults with treatment-resistant depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Journal of affective disorders – July 01, 2024
Summary
For every 3 people with difficult-to-treat depression, one person responds positively to ketamine treatment within a week. This groundbreaking analysis of over 2,000 patients reveals both ketamine and esketamine's remarkable efficacy against treatment-resistant depression. The number needed to treat (NNT) shows ketamine works quickly, with benefits appearing within hours and lasting weeks. While traditional antidepressants often fall short, these treatments offer new hope with minimal risks.
Abstract
Ketamine has been established as efficacious in adults living with Treatment-resistant Depression (TRD). Toward providing a quantifiable estimate o...
Extended-release ketamine tablets for treatment-resistant depression: a randomized placebo-controlled phase 2 trial.
Nature medicine – July 01, 2024
Summary
A new oral ketamine tablet shows promise in fighting severe depression, with patients able to take the medication safely at home. In this groundbreaking trial, participants who initially responded well to the treatment received different doses over 12 weeks. The highest dose (180mg) proved most effective, reducing depression scores significantly compared to placebo and cutting relapse rates by nearly half. The treatment was well-tolerated, causing only mild side effects like headaches and dizziness, without the serious complications sometimes seen with other ketamine forms.
Abstract
Ketamine has rapid-onset antidepressant activity in patients with treatment-resistant major depression (TRD). The safety and tolerability of racemi...
Polish standard of treatment with racemic ketamine for patients with depressive disorders developed by a Working Group appointed by the National Consultant in the field of psychiatry.
Psychiatria polska – June 30, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough treatment offers new hope for treatment-resistant depression: racemic ketamine shows rapid antidepressant effects when traditional medications fail. Polish experts have established guidelines for using this innovative therapy in both major depressive disorders and bipolar disorder, providing a structured approach for safe, effective treatment delivery.
Abstract
The Polish standard of treatment with racemic ketamine for patients with depressive disorders was developed by a Working Group appointed by the Nat...
Up-to-Date on clinical and preclinical studies of psilocybin therapy
Folia Pharmacologica Japonica – June 30, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a compound from magic mushrooms, offers rapid, lasting antidepressant effects for 30-40% of patients resistant to standard internal medicine treatments. This breakthrough in Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlights the therapeutic potential of this naturally occurring alkaloid. Designated a "breakthrough medicine" by the FDA, psilocybin's chemical synthesis and profound impact on perception show promise for Major Depressive Disorder, with limited, mild side effects. Its influence on mental state marks a significant advance in addressing severe health challenges.
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) poses a significant global health burden, with 30-40% patients developing resistance to standard clinical antidepre...
IS PSYCHEDELIC TREATMENT OF MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS READY FOR PRIME TIME?
Journal of Pakistan Psychiatric Society – June 30, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics like Psilocybin and MDMA are transforming Psychiatry, offering hope for millions with mental health challenges. These powerful hallucinogens, including Lysergic acid diethylamide (used clinically from the 1950s-1967) and Ayahuasca, influence neurotransmitter receptors, altering consciousness. Clinical psychology and drug studies reveal their potential to disrupt pathological brain activity, promoting neuroplasticity. Psychotherapist-guided sessions, leveraging these chemical synthesis alkaloids, address anxiety and other conditions. This burgeoning field of Psychology suggests a new era for mental health treatment.
Abstract
Psychedelics, substances known to alter perception, mood, and consciousness, have been used across various cultures for centuries, often in religio...
A Systematic Review on Ketamine and Esketamine for Treatment-Resistant Depression and Suicidality in Adolescents: A New Hope?
Children (Basel, Switzerland) – June 29, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough treatments offer new hope for teens battling severe depression. Recent findings show ketamine and esketamine can rapidly reduce suicidal thoughts and improve symptoms in adolescents with treatment-resistant depression. These medications work within hours, unlike traditional antidepressants that take weeks. Studies reveal up to 40% of depressed teens don't respond to standard treatments, making these fast-acting alternatives particularly promising for youth mental health.
Abstract
Treating depression in adolescents is a significant challenge, and major depressive disorder (MDD) with suicidal ideation and treatment-resistant d...
Striking Long Term Beneficial Effects of Single Dose Psilocybin and Psychedelic Mushroom Extract in the SAPAP3 Rodent Model of OCD-Like Excessive Self-Grooming
OpenAlex – June 29, 2024
Summary
A single dose of Psilocybin, a potent Hallucinogen, dramatically reduced compulsive behaviors in a Rodent model of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders. In 50 Rodent models, those receiving a vehicle showed a 118% increase in self-grooming over a 21-day Term, while 16 mice given psilocybin saw a 14.6% decrease in this behavior. This powerful Psychedelic effect, relevant to Psychology and Drug Studies, persisted up to 7 weeks, offering hope for lasting relief from severe symptoms.
Abstract
Abstract Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a highly prevalent disorder that causes serious disability. Available treatments leave 40% or more ...
‘Authentic’ ayahuasca rituals sought by tourists often ignore Indigenous practices and spiritual grounding
OpenAlex – June 28, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Historical Perspectives and Pharmacodynamic Actions of the Magic Mushroom (Psilocybin) for Future Global Healthcare
Trends in Medical Research – June 28, 2024
Summary
A compelling finding reveals Psilocybin, an alkaloid from magic mushrooms, impacts over a dozen human organ systems. A comprehensive review, drawing from extensive databases like PubMed, CDC, NIH, and WHO up to April 2024, explores the pharmacology and pharmacodynamics of this powerful psychedelic. Historically used in traditional medicine, its chemical properties, converting to Psilocin in the liver, make it a significant subject for modern health care. This diverse academic research theme examines its potential as medicine, covering therapeutic applications and toxicology, highlighting its role in drug studies and future medical advancements.
Abstract
Many medicines and treatments for varying levels of ailments were found through natural bioactives before complex separation techniques were availa...
Examining the Role of Oxytocinergic Signaling and Neuroinflammatory Markers in the Therapeutic Effects of MDMA in a Rat Model for PTSD.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) – June 27, 2024
Summary
MDMA shows promise in treating PTSD by helping the brain "unlearn" fear responses. New research reveals that the drug works by triggering oxytocin release and reducing brain inflammation. When given to rats with PTSD-like symptoms, MDMA improved their social behavior and reduced fear responses. The treatment succeeded by restoring normal brain chemistry in regions controlling emotion and memory.
Abstract
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy has shown potential as an effective treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Preclinical studies involving ...
Sexual effects of commonly used recreational psychostimulants in women and the female rat model.
Sexual medicine reviews – June 26, 2024
Summary
Common stimulants like cocaine and amphetamines can significantly impact women's sexual experiences, though effects vary widely by substance. While methamphetamine tends to enhance sexual response and lubrication, cocaine often leads to negative outcomes. Caffeine increases physical arousal through improved blood flow, and MDMA (ecstasy) typically intensifies sensual feelings rather than direct sexual effects.
Abstract
Recreational psychostimulants have been associated with increased sexual activity or changes in sexual function in women, but every drug in this cl...
Cognitive functioning associated with acute and subacute effects of classic psychedelics and MDMA - a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Scientific reports – June 26, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics and MDMA affect brain function differently: while psychedelics temporarily impact attention and decision-making, MDMA mainly affects memory. During the "afterglow" period following psychedelic use, people often experience enhanced creativity and mental clarity. These findings help explain how these substances work therapeutically and highlight their distinct cognitive effects.
Abstract
Classic psychedelics and MDMA have a colorful history of recreational use, and both have recently been re-evaluated as tools for the treatment of p...
Research Progress on Detection of New Psychoactive Substance Piperazines in vivo.
Fa yi xue za zhi – June 25, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Piperazines are a class of new psychoactive substances with hallucinogenic effects that affect the central nervous system by affecting the level of...
Ketamine-Induced Unresponsiveness Shows a Harmonic Shift from Global to Localised Functional Organisation
OpenAlex – June 25, 2024
Summary
Remarkably, when individuals become unresponsive under Ketamine, their brain activity mirrors psychedelic states, not unconsciousness. Using Harmonic analysis, scientists found focused brain activity patterns dominated, unlike traditional sedatives where widespread patterns increase. This unique medicine uniquely separates conscious experience from physical unresponsiveness, offering new ways to track awareness. Such insights are vital for advancing the Treatment of Major Depression and understanding other brain disorders, including how Tryptophan pathways or Diet and metabolism studies impact brain health.
Abstract
Abstract Ketamine is classified as a dissociative anaesthetic that, in sub-anaesthetic doses, can produce an altered state of consciousness charact...
Acute Effects of Hallucinogens on Functional Connectivity: Psilocybin and Salvinorin-A
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – June 25, 2024
Summary
A compelling finding in **Drug Studies** reveals that **Hallucinogens**, including **Psilocybin** and Salvinorin-A, dramatically reshape brain connectivity. Despite their distinct **Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior**—one a classical **Psychedelic**, the other a kappa-opioid agonist—both acutely desynchronize the brain's default mode network. Observations in nonhuman primates highlight the claustrum and prefrontal cortex as central to these effects, regardless of the drug's **Chemical synthesis and alkaloids** or serotonergic action. This framework helps understand how diverse **Hallucinogens**, like those found in **Ayahuasca**, impact perception.
Abstract
The extent of changes in functional connectivity (FC) within functional networks as a common feature across hallucinogenic drug classes is under-ex...
Bile acids and the gut microbiome are involved in the hyperthermia mediated by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).
Scientific reports – June 24, 2024
Summary
Body temperature regulation during MDMA use is linked to an unexpected source: gut bacteria and bile acids. When MDMA enters the system, it alters bile acid levels produced by gut microbes. Researchers found that eliminating gut bacteria with antibiotics actually prevented dangerous overheating in rats given MDMA. This suggests that gut microbes and their bile acid production play a crucial role in how the body regulates temperature after MDMA exposure.
Abstract
Hyperthermia induced by phenethylamines, such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), can lead to life-threatening complications and death. Ac...
Race and ethnicity moderate the associations between lifetime psilocybin use and past year hypertension
Frontiers in Psychiatry – June 24, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin use appears linked to better cardiovascular health, but this benefit isn't universal across all racial and ethnic groups. A large demography study analyzed data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2005–2014), revealing Non-Hispanic White individuals who used psilocybin had 17% reduced odds of past-year hypertension (odds ratio: 0.83). This suggests that the impact of psychedelics like psilocybin on medicine varies significantly by race and ethnic group, a vital consideration for future clinical applications.
Abstract
Background Hypertension is a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly for racial and ethnic minorities who face higher rates...
Increased reactivity of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and decreased threat responding in male rats following psilocin administration.
Nature communications – June 22, 2024
Summary
Psilocin, the active compound in magic mushrooms, alters how the brain processes threats through its effects on a key stress-response region. Research shows it increases activity in the brain's threat-processing hub in male rats, particularly those naturally more reactive to threats. However, these changes are temporary and don't affect long-term stress responses, suggesting a potential role in treating anxiety-related conditions.
Abstract
Psychedelics have experienced renewed interest following positive clinical effects, however the neurobiological mechanisms underlying effects remai...
Treatment and therapy of mental health conditions in the Global South using psychedelics: A scoping review and narrative synthesis
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – June 21, 2024
Summary
Traditional plant medicines show renewed promise for mental health. A review explored psychedelic treatment for mental health conditions in the Global South. It found these approaches are feasible and demonstrate promising efficacy for issues like depression. Importantly, they offer excellent safety with no serious side effects and prove cost-effective, providing a vital new option for communities with unmet needs.
Abstract
AbstractBackground and aimsPsychedelics show promise for treatment of mental health conditions (MHCs). But there is relatively little research on i...
Psychedelic 25H-NBOMe attenuates post-sepsis depression in rats.
Neuroscience letters – June 21, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy, which manifests in severe cognitive and depressive symptoms, is directly linked to neuroinflammation. Our study i...
Hypertensive Emergency Secondary to Combining Psilocybin Mushrooms, Extended Release Dextroamphetamine-Amphetamine, and Tranylcypromine
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – June 21, 2024
Summary
A 42-year-old man suffered a hypertensive emergency after combining 1g of *Psilocybe cubensis* mushrooms, a potent hallucinogen, with Tranylcypromine and Dextroamphetamine-Amphetamine medicine. This rare event, observed in drug studies, highlights critical pharmacology concerns. The interaction, possibly involving phenylethylamine—an alkaloid found in the mushrooms—and the prescribed amphetamines, dramatically influenced his neurotransmitter receptors. Despite symptoms of a heart attack, emergency cardiac catheterization revealed no damage. This case underscores the dangers of combining psilocybin with MAOIs and norepinephrine-releasing drugs.
Abstract
Data on medication interactions with psychedelics are limited. Here we present what may be the first published report of a hypertensive emergency f...
The Persistent Paradox of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REMS): Brain Waves and Dreaming.
Brain sciences – June 21, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The original conceptualization of REM sleep as paradoxical sleep was based on its EEG resembling wakefulness and its association with dreaming. Ove...
Esketamine induces tripartite motif-containing protein 24 to improve cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.
Neuroscience letters – June 21, 2024
Summary
A promising breakthrough in Alzheimer's treatment shows that esketamine, a fast-acting medication, can improve memory and cognitive function. The drug works by activating TRIM24, a protein that reduces brain inflammation through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Tests in specialized Alzheimer's mice demonstrated significant improvements in learning and memory, while also decreasing harmful inflammatory responses in the brain.
Abstract
Esketamine has been revealed to improve cognitive impairments under different conditions, while its function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has not be...
Ketamine and fluoxetine exert similar actions on prelimbic and infralimbic responsivity to lateral septal nucleus stimulation in Wistar rats.
Neuroscience letters – June 21, 2024
Summary
Both ketamine and the antidepressant fluoxetine similarly affect brain regions involved in emotional processing. Research reveals these drugs enhance inhibitory signals between the lateral septal nucleus and key areas of the prefrontal cortex. While fluoxetine reduced depression-like behaviors, ketamine's effects focused on brain circuitry changes, suggesting shared mechanisms in mood regulation.
Abstract
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic that has been proposed to be a useful alternative in cases of a poor response to other treatments in patients...
The association between ketamine and esketamine and suicidality: reports to the Food And Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).
Expert opinion on drug safety – June 21, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough treatments for severe depression show promise but require careful monitoring. Analysis of FDA adverse event reports reveals that while ketamine and esketamine effectively reduce suicide attempts in treatment-resistant depression, some patients reported increased suicidal thoughts. The data suggests these medications have complex effects on suicidality, with notably lower rates of actual suicide attempts compared to other treatments.
Abstract
Replicated evidence indicates that ketamine and esketamine reduce measures of suicidality in persons with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). It ...
Efficacy and Safety of Pharmacological Treatment in Patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) – June 20, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough findings reveal two promising medications for complex regional pain syndrome, offering new hope for those suffering from this debilitating condition. A comprehensive meta-analysis of 23 clinical trials found that both bisphosphonates and ketamine provide significant long-term pain relief. While these pharmacological treatments showed mild side effects, they emerged as the most effective options for managing chronic pain symptoms.
Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a disabling condition that usually affects the extremities after trauma or surgery. At present, there is n...
(R)-(-)-Ketamine: The Promise of a Novel Treatment for Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders.
International journal of molecular sciences – June 20, 2024
Summary
A promising breakthrough in mental health treatment shows that (R)-ketamine may offer relief for depression without the typical side effects of traditional ketamine therapy. This variant works as a rapid-acting antidepressant for major depressive disorder, while causing less sedation and having lower abuse potential than its counterpart. Research demonstrates effectiveness across multiple psychiatric conditions, with positive results in treating both depression and neurological disorders. The compound appears to reduce inflammation and shows potential for helping substance use disorder patients.
Abstract
NMDA receptor antagonists have potential for therapeutics in neurological and psychiatric diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy,...
Rapid and prolonged antidepressant and antianxiety effects of psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, ayahuasca, and 3, 4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
OpenAlex – June 20, 2024
Summary
A compelling meta-analysis in Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveals significant potential for mental health medicine. Psilocybin rapidly and sustainably reduced depressive and anxiety symptoms. A methylenedioxy compound like MDMA, related to methamphetamine, also demonstrated antidepressant effects, particularly for social anxiety. Ayahuasca and LSD similarly reduced depressive and anxiety symptoms, influencing behavior via neurotransmitter receptor interactions. While promising in psychology, the complex pharmacology of these substances means adverse effects like elevated blood pressure and panic attacks were noted.
Abstract
Abstract Background Hallucinogens attract research as alternatives to the commonly used medications to treat major depressive and anxiety disorders...