Research
Chemistry/structural biology of psychedelic drugs and their receptor(s).
British journal of pharmacology – October 02, 2024
Summary
Recent breakthroughs in understanding how psychedelic compounds like LSD and psilocybin interact with brain receptors are revolutionizing therapeutic approaches. Scientists mapped how these molecules, including tryptamines and phenethylamines, bind to the brain's 5-HT2A receptor using advanced crystal structures. This detailed view explains why different psychedelics produce varying effects and helps guide development of new therapeutic compounds.
Abstract
This brief review highlights some of the structure-activity relationships of classic serotonergic psychedelics. In particular, we discuss structura...
Ketamine alleviates PTSD-like effect and improves hippocampal synaptic plasticity via regulation of GSK-3β/GR signaling of rats.
Journal of psychiatric research – October 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine, traditionally known as an anesthetic, shows remarkable promise in treating PTSD by improving brain cell connections. New research reveals that a single low dose can reduce anxiety-like behaviors by adjusting important brain signaling pathways. The drug works by regulating specific proteins in the hippocampus, enhancing synaptic plasticity - the brain's ability to form new connections. This breakthrough explains why ketamine provides rapid relief from PTSD symptoms.
Abstract
Each year, 3-4% of the global population experiences post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a chronic mental disorder with significant social and e...
Zinc Mitigates MDMA-Prompted Apoptosis by Alteration of Cross Talk Among Bcl-2, Bax and P53 Genes Expression in Mouse Sertoli and Leydig Cell Lines.
Reports of biochemistry & molecular biology – October 01, 2024
Summary
New research reveals that zinc supplementation may protect male reproductive cells from damage caused by Ecstasy (MDMA). Scientists found that zinc helps prevent cell death (apoptosis) in critical testicular cells - Sertoli and Leydig cell lines. By regulating key genetic signals, zinc appears to shield these reproductive cells from MDMA's harmful effects, suggesting potential protective benefits.
Abstract
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) affects the male reproductive system. We investigated the mRNA levels of bax, bcl-2, and p53 genes in MDMA...
Out-of-Hospital Intranasal Ketamine as an Adjunct to Fentanyl for the Treatment of Acute Traumatic Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Annals of emergency medicine – October 01, 2024
Summary
Adding nasal ketamine to fentanyl for emergency pain control showed no significant advantage in treating acute trauma pain before hospital arrival. In this trial, paramedics treated injured patients with either standard fentanyl plus ketamine or fentanyl plus placebo. While 45% of ketamine patients reported improved pain versus 36% with placebo, the difference wasn't meaningful enough to justify changing current practices.
Abstract
To evaluate if out-of-hospital administration of fentanyl and intranasal ketamine, compared to fentanyl alone, improves early pain control after in...
Neural correlates of treatment response to ketamine for treatment-resistant depression: A systematic review of MRI-based studies.
Psychiatry research – October 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine offers new hope for people with severe depression who haven't responded to traditional treatments. Brain imaging reveals that this medication works by targeting specific neural networks linked to mood, pleasure, and negative thought patterns. Using magnetic resonance imaging, researchers found ketamine reduces anhedonia and suicidal thoughts by activating key brain regions involved in emotion processing. The treatment shows particular promise in reducing thought rumination in treatment-resistant depression.
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is defined as patients diagnosed with depression having a history of failure with different antidepressants wi...
Beyond fight or flight: The protective role of pre-pandemic meditation practice against anxiety and perceived stress.
Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress – October 01, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic generated distinct mental health challenges, characterised by stress and anxiety due to its unpredictable duration and contin...
Defined radio wave frequencies attenuate the head-twitch response in mice elicited by (±)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine.
Electromagnetic biology and medicine – October 01, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Results from clinical trials show that serotonergic psychedelics have efficacy in treating psychiatric disorders, where currently approved pharmaco...
Autonomic nervous system activity correlates with peak experiences induced by DMT and predicts increases in well-being.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – October 01, 2024
Summary
Intense positive experiences during psychedelic sessions may be linked to specific patterns in our body's autonomic nervous system. Research shows that when both branches of this system are simultaneously active during DMT sessions, participants report more meaningful spiritual insights and show improved well-being weeks later. Heart rate patterns before treatment also predicted how profound the experience would be.
Abstract
Non-ordinary states of consciousness induced by psychedelics can be accompanied by so-called "peak experiences," characterized at the emotional lev...
Ketamine analgo-sedation for mechanically ventilated critically ill adults: A rapid practice guideline from the Saudi Critical Care Society and the Scandinavian Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine.
Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica – October 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine, a powerful sedative and pain reliever, shows promise as a supplementary treatment for critically ill patients on breathing machines. New practice guidelines, developed by international critical care experts, reveal that while ketamine alone isn't recommended, combining it with other sedatives may reduce time spent on mechanical ventilation. Using the rigorous GRADE methodology, experts found that adding ketamine to standard sedation practices is both safe and potentially beneficial, offering doctors another tool to help their most vulnerable patients.
Abstract
This Rapid Practice Guideline (RPG) aimed to provide evidence-based recommendations for ketamine analgo-sedation (monotherapy and adjunct) versus n...
Ketamine reduces the neural distinction between self- and other-produced affective touch: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – October 01, 2024
Summary
Our ability to distinguish self-touch from others' touch is key to our sense of self. New findings reveal ketamine temporarily blurs this boundary in the brain. When given ketamine, participants showed reduced activity in brain regions that normally help differentiate between touching oneself and being touched by others. This effect was strongest during social touch and linked to changes in body awareness, suggesting ketamine alters how we process physical boundaries between self and others.
Abstract
A coherent sense of self is crucial for social functioning and mental health. The N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist ketamine induces short-term disso...
Fast-acting antidepressant-like effects of ketamine in aged male rats.
Pharmacological reports : PR – October 01, 2024
Summary
A single dose of ketamine shows promise in rapidly lifting depression symptoms in older adults, offering hope where traditional antidepressants often fall short. In aging brains, this fast-acting antidepressant triggered positive behavioral changes within just 30 minutes by boosting BDNF, a key protein that supports brain cell health. While repeated doses proved less effective, this breakthrough suggests ketamine could be particularly valuable for elderly patients needing quick relief from depression.
Abstract
The aging process causes anatomical and physiological changes that predispose to the development of late-life depression while reduces the efficacy...
What should constitute a control condition in psychedelic drug trials?
Nature. Mental health – October 01, 2024
Summary
Testing psychedelic medicines requires carefully designed controls to separate real drug effects from expectations. Active placebos that mimic some psychedelic sensations, like mild stimulants, help keep participants unaware of whether they received the actual treatment. This approach strengthens evidence about therapeutic benefits while accounting for the powerful role of mindset in psychedelic experiences.
Abstract
Over the past decade there has been a surge in interest in placebo-controlled trials using non-classical 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) a...
Design and methodology of the first open-label trial of MDMA-assisted therapy for veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: Considerations for a randomized controlled trial.
Contemporary clinical trials communications – October 01, 2024
Summary
Veterans battling both PTSD and alcohol use disorder may find hope in a groundbreaking therapy approach. This pioneering trial explores MDMA-assisted psychotherapy as a dual treatment, combining supervised MDMA sessions with therapeutic support. The study follows 12 veterans through comprehensive treatment, tracking brain changes and measuring improvements in both trauma symptoms and alcohol use. Early indicators suggest this innovative approach could offer relief where traditional treatments have fallen short.
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) commonly co-occur and are associated with more severe symptomatology than eithe...
GluN2B on Adult-Born Granule Cells Modulates (R,S)-Ketamine's Rapid-Acting Effects in Mice.
The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology – October 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine's remarkable antidepressant effects may depend on newly formed brain cells in the hippocampus. Research reveals that 6-week-old neurons in the dentate gyrus are crucial for ketamine's rapid mood-lifting properties. The drug's effectiveness varies between males and females, with sex differences in behavioral responses. This breakthrough links adult neurogenesis to ketamine's benefits, potentially leading to more targeted treatments.
Abstract
Standard antidepressant treatments often take weeks to reach efficacy and are ineffective for many patients. (R,S)-ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartat...
A Phase 1 single ascending dose study of pure oral harmine in healthy volunteers.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – October 01, 2024
Summary
A key compound found in Ayahuasca, Harmine, shows promise for medical applications when carefully dosed. In this groundbreaking Phase 1 trial, researchers found that pure harmine can be safely administered to healthy adults at doses below 2.7mg per kg of body weight. Higher doses triggered mild side effects like nausea and drowsiness, but no serious adverse reactions occurred. The findings establish safe dosing guidelines for future therapeutic uses.
Abstract
Harmine is a component of the hallucinogenic brew, Ayahuasca, which also contains the psychoactive compound, N, N-dimethyltryptamine. Whether pharm...
Effects of Nebulization With Ketamine and Budesonide on Postoperative Sore Throat in Patients Undergoing Elective Surgeries Under General Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Comparative Clinical Study.
Cureus – October 01, 2024
Summary
A common post-surgery issue is a sore throat. Could a simple nebulization help? Researchers investigated if inhaled ketamine or budesonide could prevent postoperative sore throat after general anesthesia. Patients undergoing elective surgeries received one treatment. Both methods effectively reduced discomfort, with symptoms decreasing significantly over time. While ketamine offered slightly quicker relief, budesonide was associated with fewer side effects like hallucinations, proving a safer choice for patient comfort.
Abstract
Background Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a frequent issue after endotracheal intubation, caused by irritation and minor trauma to the throat....
Effect of Low-dose Ketamine Infusion on Opioid Consumption in Children Undergoing Open Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Study.
Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia – October 01, 2024
Summary
Low-dose ketamine offers new hope for reducing pain medication needs in young cardiac patients. Children receiving ketamine during and after heart surgery required significantly less opioid medication for pain control. This breakthrough in pediatric analgesia showed that carefully administered ketamine not only reduced pain scores but also avoided common side effects. The treatment proved both safe and effective, with patients experiencing better pain management while using fewer powerful painkillers.
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of low-dose ketamine infusion on the perioperative consumption of opioids in pediatric open cardiac ...
The effect of low-dose ketamine on electroencephalographic spectrum during gynecology surgery under desflurane anesthesia.
Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA – October 01, 2024
Summary
A small dose of ketamine during surgery can significantly alter brain wave patterns, even when combined with standard anesthesia. Researchers tracked brain activity in 40 gynecological surgery patients, with half receiving ketamine and half receiving saline. While ketamine changed electrical patterns in the brain, it didn't affect pain levels or recovery. This suggests ketamine's complex effects on consciousness during surgery warrant careful monitoring.
Abstract
The perioperative administration of low-dose ketamine has shown potential in postoperative pain management, opioid sparing, and enhancing pain cont...
Ketamine induced synaptic plasticity operates independently of long-term potentiation.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – October 01, 2024
Summary
The rapid-acting antidepressant ketamine boosts brain connectivity without disrupting the brain's natural learning mechanisms. New research reveals ketamine strengthens neural connections through a unique pathway that works alongside, not against, the brain's normal memory-forming processes. Even in stress-exposed brains, ketamine enhances synaptic communication while preserving the neural circuits essential for learning and memory formation. This finding helps explain why ketamine can effectively treat depression without compromising cognitive function.
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity occurs via multiple mechanisms to regulate synaptic efficacy. Homeostatic and Hebbian plasticity are two such mechanisms by whi...
Low-dose ketamine as an adjunct to morphine: A randomized controlled trial among patients with and without current opioid use.
Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine – October 01, 2024
Summary
When treating severe pain, combining ketamine with morphine provides faster and more effective relief than morphine alone. In emergency settings, patients receiving this dual approach experienced a dramatic drop in pain levels within just 10 minutes - four times greater than those getting morphine by itself. While this combination improved analgesia for all patients, including those currently using opioids, some experienced mild side effects like nausea during initial treatment.
Abstract
Pain is a common complaint among patients presenting to the emergency department (ED), yet pain treatment is frequently suboptimal. The aim of this...
Alfentanil versus fentanyl for emergency department rapid sequence induction with ketamine: A-FAKT, a pilot randomized trial.
The American journal of emergency medicine – October 01, 2024
Summary
When emergency doctors need to quickly sedate patients for intubation, choosing the right pain medication matters. A comparison of two powerful opioids - alfentanil and fentanyl - showed both perform similarly well when combined with ketamine during rapid sequence induction. Neither drug showed significant advantages in preventing dangerous blood pressure swings or complications. Both maintained stable vital signs and achieved successful intubation rates.
Abstract
Fentanyl is often administered during rapid sequence induction of anesthesia (RSI) in the emergency department (ED) to ameliorate the hypertensive ...
IN Esketamine and IV Ketamine: Results of a multi-site observational study assessing the effectiveness and tolerability of two novel therapies for treatment-resistant depression.
Psychiatry research – October 01, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough treatments show promise for patients who haven't responded to traditional antidepressants. Real-world clinical data from 53 patients reveals both intranasal esketamine and IV ketamine significantly reduced depressive symptoms in major depressive disorder. Both treatments demonstrated strong antidepressant effects and notably decreased suicidal ideation. The treatment response was similar between groups, with minimal side effects.
Abstract
Intravenous (IV) ketamine and intranasal (IN) esketamine are novel therapies to manage treatment resistant depression within major depressive disor...
Sex difference alters the behavioral and cognitive performance in a rat model of schizophrenia induced by sub-chronic ketamine.
Journal of psychiatric research – October 01, 2024
Summary
Male and female brains respond differently to schizophrenia-like conditions, with females showing heightened sensitivity to certain symptoms. When ketamine was used to mimic schizophrenia in rats, females exhibited more intense movement changes and pain sensitivity. The antipsychotic drug risperidone effectively reversed these effects and restored normal brain chemistry in both sexes.
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder with positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. In rats, sub-chronic administration of ketami...
Provoking lucid dreams at home with sensory cues paired with pre-sleep cognitive training.
Consciousness and cognition – October 01, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The ability to realize that you're dreaming - lucid dreaming - has value for personal goals and for consciousness research. One route to lucid drea...
Ketamine Impact on Kidney Health.
Cureus – October 01, 2024
Summary
Long-term ketamine misuse can cause severe urinary problems, even years after stopping. A striking case reveals how daily use led to chronic kidney disease and bladder inflammation. The patient developed painful urination, kidney pain, and urinary tract damage requiring permanent stents. Despite quitting ketamine 5 years ago, she still needs medical support for ongoing kidney issues - highlighting how this drug's effects can persist long after use ends.
Abstract
Ketamine-induced uropathy (KIU) is a serious consequence of chronic ketamine abuse, presenting with complex renal and urinary symptoms. This study ...
What do health professionals think about implementing psilocybin-assisted therapy in palliative care for existential distress? A World Café qualitative study
Palliative & Supportive Care – October 01, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin-assisted therapy shows great promise for alleviating existential distress in palliative care, a difficult condition for conventional medicine. Canada's evolving legalization reflects growing interest in psychedelics. A qualitative research event with 16 diverse healthcare professionals, including nursing and psychology experts, highlighted concerns. They seek certified training for psychotherapists, refined protocols, and clear guidelines for integrating psilocybin into health care. Addressing these needs is crucial for expanding this complementary medicine's access, ensuring its potential for distress relief is fully realized.
Abstract
Abstract Objectives Promising studies show that psilocybin-assisted therapy relieves existential distress in patients with serious illnesses, a dif...
Effects of psilocybin on body weight, body composition, and metabolites in male and female mice.
Physiology & behavior – October 01, 2024
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin increased body weight in mice without affecting their food intake, revealing unexpected effects on metabolism. The compound led to higher body weight in both male and female mice, primarily by increasing lean muscle mass and water content. Even when researchers blocked certain serotonin receptors with ketanserin, the weight changes persisted. Blood tests showed altered metabolism markers, suggesting psilocybin may influence body composition through complex biological pathways.
Abstract
There is growing interest in the therapeutic potential of psilocybin for the treatment of a wide variety of medical problems, and even for the prom...
Drug dependence and prescribing ketamine for treatment-resistant depression in Australia and New Zealand.
The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry – October 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine shows promise in treating severe depression, but its history as a recreational drug creates unique challenges. While regulations in Australia and New Zealand allow ketamine for treatment-resistant depression, restrictions vary by region - especially for patients with past drug dependence. Current evidence suggests careful prescribing can help balance treatment benefits with dependency risks.
Abstract
Ketamine is a restricted and regulated medication in Australia and New Zealand, which has implications when considering treatment for patients with...
Trait Mindfulness Moderates Treatment Outcomes in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Mantram Repetition Program for Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.
Journal of integrative and complementary medicine – October 01, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Objectives: This secondary analysis examined five facets of mindful awareness as potential moderators of clinical outcomes using data from a random...
Effect of Esketamine on Postoperative Delirium in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Valve Replacement with Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Anesthesia and analgesia – October 01, 2024
Summary
A single dose of esketamine before heart valve surgery can cut delirium risk nearly in half. In this breakthrough finding, patients who received esketamine showed 23% delirium rates compared to 45% in those who didn't. The drug proved especially effective at preventing multiple delirium episodes and reducing hyperactive confusion after surgery, offering new hope for improving recovery outcomes in cardiac patients.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of esketamine on the risk of postoperative delirium (POD) in adults undergoing on-pump cardiac...
Attitudes toward psychedelics and psychedelic-assisted therapy among potential mental health service users and the general population in Australia.
The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry – October 01, 2024
Summary
Australians with mental health conditions show greater openness to psychedelic treatments than the general population. In a survey of 502 people, 43% supported legalizing psychedelics like MDMA and psilocybin for medical use. Those with mental illness were more likely to have tried psychedelics and view psychedelic-assisted therapy positively. Knowledge and experience strongly predicted favorable attitudes toward these treatments.
Abstract
Despite rapid advances in psychedelic sciences and the increasing number of countries legalizing psychedelics for the treatment of mental illnesses...
Ketamine subcutaneous continuous infusion for depressive symptoms at home: A case report beyond pain use.
Palliative & supportive care – October 01, 2024
Summary
A groundbreaking home-based treatment offers hope for patients facing both chronic pain and depression. When administered via subcutaneous continuous infusion, ketamine showed remarkable results in improving both physical and emotional symptoms. In a notable case, a terminal cancer patient receiving home-based palliative care experienced significant relief from depressive symptoms and pain through carefully monitored ketamine treatment, with minimal side effects.
Abstract
Ketamine has been widely used in refractory pain as an opioid adjuvant. Evidence suggests that ketamine can also have an essential role in easing d...
Ketamine Prevents Inflammation-Induced Reduction of Human Hippocampal Neurogenesis via Inhibiting the Production of Neurotoxic Metabolites of the Kynurenine Pathway.
The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology – October 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine shows promise in protecting brain cell growth from inflammation's harmful effects. New research reveals how this drug prevents inflammatory proteins (cytokines) from disrupting hippocampal neurogenesis - the brain's ability to create new neurons. By blocking toxic metabolites in the kynurenine pathway, ketamine helps prevent cell death (apoptosis) and maintains healthy brain cell production.
Abstract
Understanding the precise mechanisms of ketamine is crucial for replicating its rapid antidepressant effects without inducing psychomimetic changes...
Current Perspectives on the Clinical Research and Medicalization of Psychedelic Drugs for Addiction Treatments: Safety, Efficacy, Limitations and Challenges.
CNS drugs – October 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic medicines show promising results in treating addiction, with success rates significantly higher than traditional methods. Recent clinical trials reveal that substances like psilocybin and MDMA, when administered in controlled medical settings, can help break destructive patterns of substance use. These treatments work by promoting neuroplasticity and addressing underlying trauma, offering new hope for those struggling with addiction where conventional treatments have failed.
Abstract
Mental health disorders and substance use disorders (SUDs) in particular, contribute greatly to the global burden of disease. Psychedelics, includi...
Impact of psilocybin on cognitive function: A systematic review
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences – October 01, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen, significantly enhances emotional empathy, a compelling finding for psychology. A review of 20 articles, involving 2,959 participants (85% healthy), explored this psychedelic's influence on cognition. While global cognitive function and processing speed remained stable, working memory and executive function improved, particularly for clinical psychology patients with treatment-resistant depression. Cognitive flexibility showed initial decline but potential for later improvement. Effects on episodic memory were less pronounced. This complex interplay highlights psilocybin's impact on cognitive psychology and behavior.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a classic psychedelic with demonstrated preliminary clinical efficacy in a range of psychiatric disorders. Evaluating the impact of p...
Enhancing motor imagery in the third-person perspective by manipulating sense of body ownership with virtual reality.
The European journal of neuroscience – October 01, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR)-guided motor imagery (MI) is a widely used approach for motor rehabilitation, especially for patients with severe motor impair...
S-ketamine Infusion on Chronic Postoperative Pain Following Breast Cancer Surgery: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial.
Clinical breast cancer – October 01, 2024
Summary
A breakthrough in post-mastectomy pain management shows promising results. Using advanced anesthesia techniques, doctors found that S-ketamine, which targets N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, significantly reduced chronic pain in breast cancer surgery patients. The treatment cut pain rates from 48% to just 18% after three months, while also improving postoperative depression scores. This multimodal analgesia approach marks a major advance in surgical recovery care.
Abstract
Chronic postoperative surgical pain (CPSP) is a frequent complication following breast surgery and poses a challenge in terms of treatment. We hypo...
Efficacy of a Mind Space Application intervention on psychological outcomes in Thai university students with depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial.
Journal of affective disorders – October 01, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
This purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of the Mind Space Application on psychological outcomes among Thai-university students with d...
Spiritually Based Interventions for High Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Journal of religion and health – October 01, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of spiritually based interventions on blood pressure (BP) among adults...
Analysis of clinical application effects of Esketamine combining Sufentanil in labor analgesia and their impacts on postpartum depression.
Pakistan journal of medical sciences – October 01, 2024
Summary
What if labor pain relief could also improve postpartum mental well-being? A study explored combining Esketamine with Sufentanil for labor analgesia in 150 first-time mothers. This approach yielded a strong clinical effect, significantly shortening delivery time and reducing pain during and after birth. Importantly, it also notably improved postpartum depression and anxiety, all without increasing adverse reactions. A dual benefit for mothers.
Abstract
To evaluate the clinical effects of Esketamine combining Sufentanil in labor analgesia and their impacts on postpartum depression. This was a retro...
Psilocybin and 2C-B at Encoding Distort Episodic Familiarity.
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging – October 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and 2C-B can significantly alter how our brains process and store memories. Research shows these substances affect episodic memory by distorting our sense of familiarity with past experiences. When people viewed emotional images under these psychedelics, they later showed increased false recognition, particularly for emotional content, while their ability to recall specific details decreased.
Abstract
As research on psychedelics (hallucinogenic serotonin receptor 2A agonists) progresses, it is important to delineate the reliability of supposedly ...
A chromosome level reference genome of Diviner's sage (Salvia divinorum) provides insight into salvinorin A biosynthesis.
BMC plant biology – October 01, 2024
Summary
The powerful compound salvinorin A from *Salvia divinorum*, a *Lamiaceae* species, shows promise for treating pain and addiction by interacting with the *Κ opioid receptor*. To unlock its full medicinal potential, researchers performed a high-quality *de novo genome assembly*. This revealed the complete genetic blueprint of this *medicinal plant*, identifying key gene clusters involved in *diterpenoid biosynthesis*, specifically for *neoclerodane diterpenes*. This breakthrough provides the genetic tools to fully understand salvinorin A production.
Abstract
Diviner's sage (Salvia divinorum; Lamiaceae) is the source of the powerful hallucinogen salvinorin A (SalA). This neoclerodane diterpenoid is an ag...
Ketamine-dependent patients with persistent psychosis have higher neurofilament light chain levels than patients with schizophrenia.
Asian journal of psychiatry – October 01, 2024
Summary
Blood tests reveal that chronic ketamine users who develop persistent psychosis show significantly higher levels of a key brain injury marker than those with schizophrenia. This finding helps distinguish ketamine-induced psychosis from schizophrenia at a biological level. The study compared neurofilament light chain levels across four groups: ketamine users with and without persistent psychosis, schizophrenia patients, and healthy individuals. Ketamine dependence, especially with lasting psychotic symptoms, was linked to the highest injury markers.
Abstract
Ketamine can induce persisting psychosis in a subset of individuals who use it chronically and heavily. Previously, we found that the psychopatholo...
What do health professionals think about implementing psilocybin-assisted therapy in palliative care for existential distress? A World Café qualitative study.
Palliative & supportive care – October 01, 2024
Summary
Healthcare providers show growing interest in psilocybin-assisted therapy for end-of-life care, particularly for treating existential distress in terminal patients. In a gathering of 16 palliative care professionals, participants expressed optimism about this treatment while highlighting practical needs: standardized training, clear protocols, and proper facility requirements. The therapy shows promise for easing psychological suffering in terminal illness.
Abstract
Promising studies show that psilocybin-assisted therapy relieves existential distress in patients with serious illnesses, a difficult condition to ...
Decoupling of cortical activity from behavioral state following administration of the classic psychedelic DOI.
Neuropharmacology – October 01, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Administration or consumption of classic psychedelics (CPs) leads to profound changes in experience which are often described as highly novel and m...
Differential effects of repeated fluoxetine and ketamine administration on behavioral and pharmacological stressor-induced depression of digging behavior in mice.
Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology – October 01, 2024
Summary
New research reveals that different types of antidepressants work better for different types of stress. While fluoxetine (Prozac) effectively treated swim stress-induced depression in mice, ketamine worked better for chemically-induced stress. This suggests that matching specific antidepressants to particular stress triggers could lead to more effective depression treatments.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a multifactorial disorder that originates from a complex web of variables and overlaps with similar disorders (e.g., d...
Differential effects of opioid receptor antagonism on the anti-dyskinetic and anti-parkinsonian effects of sub-anesthetic ketamine treatment in a preclinical model.
Neuropharmacology – October 01, 2024
Summary
New research reveals ketamine's promising dual action in Parkinson's disease: it reduces both movement problems and the unwanted jerking movements caused by levodopa therapy. When combined with naloxone (which blocks opioid receptors), ketamine's ability to control involuntary movements remained strong, while its power to improve general movement actually increased. These findings suggest ketamine could offer relief to Parkinson's patients through multiple biological pathways.
Abstract
Sub-anesthetic ketamine treatment has been shown to be an effective therapy for treatment-resistant depression and chronic pain. Our group has prev...
N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, an methylenedioxymethamphetamine derivative, exhibits rewarding and reinforcing effects by increasing dopamine levels.
Behavioral neuroscience – October 01, 2024
Summary
A modified MDMA compound shows significant potential for misuse by triggering the same reward pathways as the original drug. Lab tests revealed that mice actively sought out the compound and showed strong preferences for locations where they received it. The substance works by increasing dopamine levels in the brain, leading to reinforcing effects similar to other stimulants. These findings highlight important concerns about emerging drug variants that may bypass current detection methods.
Abstract
An N-protected methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (t-BOC-3,4-MDMA), contains tert-butoxy...
Learning to be mindful ─ experiences of mindfulness-based stress reduction for young adults with moderate to severe mental disorders.
Journal of bodywork and movement therapies – October 01, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Mental disorders among young adults are a major health challenge. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has in previous research shown positive...
Comparison of Nebulized Ketamine to Intravenous Subdissociative Dose Ketamine for Treating Acute Painful Conditions in the Emergency Department: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy Controlled Trial.
Annals of emergency medicine – October 01, 2024
Summary
New pain relief option proves as effective as traditional IV treatment! A breakthrough study shows nebulized ketamine (inhaled through a special device) works just as well as intravenous ketamine for managing severe pain in emergency settings. Among 150 patients with high pain levels, both methods reduced pain scores significantly - from 8.2 to around 3.7 - within 30 minutes. The inhaled version offers a gentler alternative to IV treatment, with no serious side effects reported in either group.
Abstract
We aimed to assess and compare the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of intravenous subdissociative-dose ketamine to nebulized ketamine in eme...
Intravenous ketamine successfully treats treatment-resistant catatonia in schizophrenia: A case report.
Pharmacotherapy – October 01, 2024
Summary
A single dose of ketamine provided rapid relief for a 77-year-old woman with severe catatonia linked to schizophrenia. When traditional treatments failed and COVID-19 prevented access to standard therapy, doctors successfully used an intravenous ketamine infusion. The patient recovered quickly from her symptoms of immobility and mutism, demonstrating a promising alternative for treating resistant catatonia.
Abstract
Benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are mainstay treatments for catatonia, a potentially life-threatening psychomotor syndrome char...
Psilocybin prevents habituation to familiar stimuli and preserves sensitivity to sound following repeated stimulation in mouse primary auditory cortex
OpenAlex – September 30, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin dramatically alters how the brain processes sound. Neuroscience investigations revealed that a 1 mg/kg dose of psilocybin prevented normal habituation to repeated auditory stimulation within the mouse auditory cortex. Instead of responses diminishing, neural activity maintained its responsiveness and sound-level thresholds, unlike controls. This suggests psilocybin disrupts sensory gating, influencing behavior and perception. Insights from psychedelics and drug studies could inform audiology and psychology, potentially targeting maladaptive sensory processing through neurotransmitter receptor influence.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin, a psychoactive substance derived from fungi, has been utilized historically by diverse cultures for both medicinal and non-med...
Acute dose-dependent effects of mescaline in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy subjects.
Translational psychiatry – September 30, 2024
Summary
Mescaline, a naturally occurring psychedelic, produces dose-dependent effects lasting up to 14 hours. Research shows higher doses create stronger experiences, with peak effects around 2 hours after intake. A receptor-blocking drug significantly reduced these effects, suggesting mescaline works primarily through serotonin pathways. While higher doses led to stronger effects, they also increased side effects like nausea.
Abstract
Classic psychedelics have regained interest in research and therapy. Despite the long tradition of the human use of mescaline, modern data on its d...
Esketamine mitigates mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rats via inhibition of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and reduction of oxidative stress.
International immunopharmacology – September 30, 2024
Summary
A promising breakthrough shows that esketamine, a derivative of ketamine, can protect lungs during mechanical ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The drug reduces inflammation and oxidative stress by blocking specific cellular pathways, potentially making ventilation safer for critically ill patients. This could transform care for those requiring breathing support.
Abstract
To investigate esketamine's impact on inflammation and oxidative stress in ventilated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rats, examining ...
Mindfulness-Based Interventions for People with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review.
Brain sciences – September 30, 2024
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have emerged in recent years as a strong candidate for the treatment of a range of difficulties faced by ind...
Harnessing Pharmacogenomics in Clinical Research on Psychedelic‐Assisted Therapy
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics – September 30, 2024
Summary
Genetic variations significantly influence how individuals respond to **psychedelics**, a critical insight for future **medicine**. **Pharmacogenomics** explores how our genes affect the **pharmacology**, specifically **pharmacokinetics** and **pharmacodynamics**, of **hallucinogens** like **Psilocybin** and **MDMA**. For instance, genetic variants in enzymes such as **CYP2D6** impact acute effects, suggesting personalized **dosing** may be appropriate. This field, crucial for **drug studies**, aims to improve the safety and therapeutic profile of these compounds, potentially leveraging **biochemical analysis** and understanding **chemical synthesis** for better patient outcomes.
Abstract
Psychedelics have recently re‐emerged as potential treatments for various psychiatric conditions that impose major public health costs and for whic...
Beyond the numbers: reimagining healing with psychedelics for eating disorders.
Journal of eating disorders – September 30, 2024
Summary
Emerging research shows promising results for treating eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa, with psychedelic medicine. Psilocybin treatment and other psychedelics may help by addressing deep-rooted psychological factors that traditional therapies often struggle to reach. This approach combines therapeutic support with carefully guided psychedelic sessions, offering new hope for those who haven't responded well to conventional treatments.
Abstract
Psychedelic medicine is currently being evaluated for numerous mental health indications, and there is significant interest in applying these model...
Psilocybin increases optimistic engagement over time: computational modelling of behaviour in rats.
Translational psychiatry – September 30, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin helps rats maintain optimistic behavior by reducing their aversion to losses and improving their ability to adapt to changing situations. In a reward-based learning experiment, rats treated with psilocybin showed increased engagement and achieved better outcomes. The compound appears to work by adjusting how the brain updates beliefs and processes negative experiences, suggesting a mechanism for its antidepressant effects.
Abstract
Psilocybin has shown promise as a novel pharmacological intervention for treatment of depression, where post-acute effects of psilocybin treatment ...
Synaptic basis of rapid antidepressant action.
European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience – September 29, 2024
Summary
Ketamine's ability to lift depression within hours, rather than weeks, marks a breakthrough in mental health treatment. The drug works by triggering rapid changes in brain cell connections through synaptic plasticity, activating BDNF proteins and TrkB receptors. This process enhances spontaneous neurotransmitter release between neurons, helping restore healthy brain communication patterns and homeostatic balance. The findings reveal how fast-acting treatments can effectively combat depression without waiting for lengthy brain circuit rewiring.
Abstract
The discovery of ketamine's rapid antidepressant action has generated intense interest in the field of neuropsychiatry. This discovery demonstrated...
Inflammatory cytokines, cortisol, and anhedonia in patients with treatment-resistant depression after consecutive infusions of low-dose esketamine.
European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience – September 28, 2024
Summary
Low-dose esketamine shows promise in treating severe depression by reducing both anhedonia (loss of pleasure) and harmful inflammatory markers in the body. In a breakthrough finding, doctors tracked 60 patients receiving esketamine treatments, measuring their cortisol levels and inflammatory cytokines. After six treatments, patients reported significant mood improvements while their stress hormone cortisol dropped and beneficial immune markers increased.
Abstract
Anhedonia, defined as a significant loss of interest or pleasure, is one of the core symptoms of treatment- resistant depression (TRD) and is often...