Research
Effects of NMDA receptor antagonists on working memory and gamma oscillations, and the mediating role of the GluN2D subunit.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – May 15, 2025
Summary
Brain synchronization patterns, known as gamma waves, play a crucial role in our ability to temporarily hold and process information. Research reveals that certain brain receptors influence both these waves and memory function, particularly through a component called GluN2D. When scientists blocked these receptors in mice, they found disrupted memory performance and altered brain wave patterns. However, mice lacking GluN2D showed resistance to some of these effects, highlighting this component's importance in memory processing and brain wave coordination.
Abstract
Working memory relies on synchronised network oscillations involving complex interplay between pyramidal cells and GABAergic interneurons. NMDA rec...
Ketamine, a new (or old) kid on the block: A comprehensive three-year spatio-temporal study in Belgium through wastewater-based epidemiology.
Water research – May 15, 2025
Summary
Belgian cities show a 7-11x increase in ketamine use over the past decade, revealed through innovative wastewater analysis. Scientists tracked ketamine and its metabolite norketamine in wastewater across 26 locations, finding widespread use in both urban and rural areas. Higher levels occurred on weekends, suggesting recreational use. By analyzing metabolite ratios, researchers could distinguish between actual consumption and direct disposal.
Abstract
Based on reports of ketamine seizures, self-reported consumption and harmful associated health effects, there are signs of increased ketamine use. ...
Esketamine ameliorates prenatal stress-induced postpartum depression and sex-related behavioral differences in adolescent progeny.
Neuropharmacology – May 15, 2025
Summary
Postpartum depression affects both mothers and their children, but a breakthrough treatment offers hope. When pregnant mice experienced chronic restraint stress, they developed postpartum depression symptoms, while their offspring showed gender-specific issues. Esketamine treatment not only improved mothers' mental health but also prevented behavioral problems in their adolescent children, suggesting it could be a powerful tool for protecting both maternal and child well-being.
Abstract
Prenatal stress leads to postpartum depression and is associated with developmental issues in offspring. Esketamine quickly and effectively prevent...
Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU)-Mediated Calcium Overload in Psychoactive Drug Neurotoxicity: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Targets.
International journal of molecular sciences – May 15, 2025
Summary
Excessive calcium in brain cells plays a surprising role in drug-related brain damage. When psychoactive substances are used, a tiny cellular gateway called MCU allows too much calcium to flood mitochondria - the cell's power plants. This calcium overload triggers a chain of harmful events, leading to neurotoxicity and cell death. Understanding this mechanism offers promising new treatment approaches for protecting the brain from substance-related damage.
Abstract
With rapid societal changes and increasing stress levels, the abuse of psychoactive substances has emerged as a global health crisis. Studies indic...
Music and non-music approaches in psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy: The sound of silence
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – May 15, 2025
Summary
Periods of silence can profoundly enhance psilocybin therapy, offering a new insight for **Psychology** and **Mental Health**. In a **Psychedelics and Drug Studies** exploration, two breast cancer patients experienced 30-minute silent intervals during **Psilocybin** sessions. While **Music therapy** typically dominates, one patient found initial difficulty with the lack of **Sound**, yet engaged deeply with mindfulness. Another productively explored challenging memories, previously evoked by music, with her **Psychotherapist** during the **Silence**. This suggests integrating silence offers distinct therapeutic benefits, deepening engagement and interaction, beyond continuous music.
Abstract
Abstract Music is integral to Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP), believed to enhance therapeutic outcomes by structuring experiences and faci...
A LLM-Based Chatbot for Mindfulness Practice with Older Adults: A Development and Usability Study.
Studies in health technology and informatics – May 15, 2025
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
This study explores the development and usability of a Large Language Model (LLM)-based chatbot designed to support mindfulness practice for older ...
Shared subcortical arousal systems across sensory modalities during transient modulation of attention.
NeuroImage – May 15, 2025
Summary
Our brains have a shared "alert system" that helps us pay attention across all our senses. Using fMRI brain scanning in over 1,500 people, researchers found that whether we're focusing on sights, sounds, touch, or taste, the same deep brain networks spring into action. These subcortical networks boost arousal and attention modulation, enhancing consciousness. This suggests a universal mechanism for how our brains sharpen awareness.
Abstract
Subcortical arousal systems are known to play a key role in controlling sustained changes in attention and conscious awareness. Recent studies indi...
Windows to Consciousness: The Role of Fronto-Parietal Connectivity in Anesthesia-Induced Unconsciousness.
Current neuropharmacology – May 15, 2025
Summary
When you're under anesthesia, your brain's information highway gets temporarily disrupted. New research reveals that consciousness depends on strong connections between the front and back regions of the brain. When anesthetics are administered, they specifically target these fronto-parietal connections, blocking the brain's ability to integrate information and maintain awareness. This explains why we lose consciousness during surgery.
Abstract
The exploration of consciousness and the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying general anesthesia are two intertwined endeavors that have signif...
Synchrony and subjective experience: the neural correlates of the stream of consciousness.
Trends in cognitive sciences – May 15, 2025
Summary
Our moment-to-moment conscious experience emerges from a complex dance of brain activity. Research shows that the temporoparietal junction and gestalt cortex regions integrate sensory inputs with personal memories and expectations to create our unique stream of consciousness. This integration happens through synchronized neural activity, producing individualized interpretations that shape how we each uniquely experience reality.
Abstract
Human subjectivity, our first-person conscious experience of the world, is among the deepest scientific mysteries. This opinion article lays out an...
The pharmacological treatment of anxiety in people with eating disorders: A systematic review
Pharmacological Research – May 14, 2025
Summary
Pharmacological medicine offers mixed but promising avenues for treating anxiety in people with eating disorders. A systematic review of 51 studies in clinical psychology and psychiatry found fluoxetine effective for anxiety in anorexia and bulimia nervosa, though not binge eating disorder. Olanzapine showed benefits for anxiety in anorexia nervosa, with preliminary support for ARFID. Psychotherapists should note emerging evidence suggesting psychedelics like psilocybin and ketamine may also alleviate anxiety symptoms in anorexia nervosa, highlighting evolving approaches in Eating Disorders and Behaviors.
Abstract
People with eating disorders experience high rates of psychiatric comorbidities, including anxiety disorders such as generalised anxiety disorder, ...
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for AUD: Bayesian analysis of WHO drinking risk level and exploratory analysis of drinking behavior and psychosocial functioning at 3 months follow-up.
Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) – May 14, 2025
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy shows promise in treating alcohol use disorder, with participants experiencing significant reductions in alcohol craving and improved well-being. The treatment combined traditional psychotherapy with two MDMA sessions, leading to better sleep quality and enhanced psychosocial functioning. After 3 months, most participants showed reduced drinking risk levels.
Abstract
Safety and tolerability data from the first open-label feasibility study of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for alc...
Integrated Phenomenology and Brain Connectivity Demonstrate Changes in Nonlinear Processing in Jhana Advanced Meditation.
Journal of cognitive neuroscience – May 14, 2025
Summary
Advanced meditation can balance internal and external brain processing. Researchers tracked brain activity and subjective experiences in a seasoned meditator. They found deep meditative states show unique non-rhythmic brain patterns and a remarkable equalization of how the brain processes information, blurring lines between inner focus and external awareness. This reveals new insights into profound conscious states.
Abstract
We present a neurophenomenological case study investigating distinct neural connectivity regimes during an advanced concentrative absorption medita...
A novel method for the determination of synthetic cathinones and related substances in postmortem blood samples using cork-based dispersive solid-phase microextraction prior to LC-MS/MS analysis.
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry – May 14, 2025
Summary
Scientists have developed an eco-friendly method using cork as a natural biosorbent to detect dangerous synthetic cathinones in postmortem blood samples. This innovative technique combines cork-based extraction with advanced LC-MS/MS analysis, offering forensic labs a reliable way to identify new psychoactive substances with minimal sample amounts and high accuracy. The method successfully detected multiple substances in real cases.
Abstract
The detection of new psychoactive substances in postmortem blood is of primary importance for the investigation of related deaths. A method using c...
Electrophysiological Correlates of Lucid Dreaming: Sensor and Source Level Signatures.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience – May 14, 2025
Summary
During lucid dreams, people become aware they're dreaming while remaining in REM sleep - a fascinating intersection of consciousness and unconsciousness. Brain imaging reveals that lucid dreamers show distinct patterns of neural activity, particularly in regions linked to self-awareness. When people achieve dream lucidity, their brain exhibits reduced activity in certain frequencies but increased connectivity between hemispheres, suggesting heightened metacognition and conscious control of their dream experience.
Abstract
Lucid dreaming (LD) is a state of conscious awareness of the ongoing oneiric state, predominantly linked to REM sleep. Progress in understanding it...
Low-dose Esketamine combined with Propofol in microscopic pediatric strabismus surgery: a randomized controlled study.
BMC anesthesiology – May 14, 2025
Summary
A breakthrough in pediatric eye surgery shows that combining low-dose esketamine with propofol significantly reduces pain and complications. Children receiving this combination experienced 31% less injection pain and 20% fewer cases of emergence agitation after surgery. The drug duo also cut down post-surgery discomfort and reduced coughing during recovery, making the procedure notably smoother for young patients.
Abstract
To observe the effect of low-dose esketamine combined with propofol in pediatric strabismus surgery. A total of 84 children aged 3-15 years, regard...
The Analysis of Hallucinogenic Drugs from Plants and Fungi
OpenAlex – May 14, 2025
Summary
Precise identification of potent hallucinogens, many plant-derived alkaloids with roots in traditional medicine and inspiring art, is crucial. Advanced biochemical analysis techniques characterize psychedelics like LSD, psilocybin, DMT, and mescaline. Sophisticated methods, including fluorescence detection in HPLC and NMR for complex chemical synthesis products, ensure high selectivity. Furthermore, DNA analysis provides definitive identification for fungal drugs, even when biological samples lack morphological features, advancing drug studies.
Abstract
This chapter introduces drugs derived from plants and fungi including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin (from ‘magic mushrooms’), N,N-di...
Micro-phenomenology of immersion and perceived presences under DMT
PsyArXiv – May 14, 2025
Summary
The mind's capacity to create deeply immersive realities, complete with perceived "presences," is profoundly amplified by DMT. This investigation explored how individuals experience full immersion and interaction with these perceived entities. Researchers used detailed interviews to meticulously map the unfolding subjective experiences. Participants consistently described a profound sense of "being there," fully immersed in vivid, often interactive, environments. Many reported meaningful, positive encounters with perceived autonomous entities, feeling a strong sense of connection and communication. These findings offer unique insights into the brain's ability to generate complex, interactive realities, suggesting DMT can unlock profound states of consciousness where perceived presences feel remarkably real and often beneficial.
Abstract
Micro-phenomenology of immersion and perceived presences under DMT
Outcomes of Sedative Hypnotic Agents Used for Endotracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults: A Systematic Review with Exploratory Meta-Analysis.
Journal of intensive care medicine – May 14, 2025
Summary
When sedating critically ill patients for breathing tube placement, the choice of medication can make a significant difference in survival rates. A comprehensive systematic review of 23 studies revealed that while different sedation medications had similar immediate safety profiles, ketamine showed better survival rates compared to etomidate when used during endotracheal intubation. Propofol showed slightly higher rates of cardiovascular issues, though not statistically significant. These findings help guide doctors in choosing optimal sedation strategies for their most vulnerable patients.
Abstract
ObjectiveSpecific sedative hypnotic agents, administered to facilitate endotracheal intubation (ETI) in critically ill adults, may lead to adverse ...
The Administration of Ketamine Is Associated with Dose-Dependent Stabilization of Cortical Dynamics in Humans.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience – May 14, 2025
Summary
Ketamine's effects on consciousness reveal fascinating insights into how our brains process reality. Using EEG recordings, researchers found that ketamine stabilizes brain wave patterns in a dose-dependent manner, particularly affecting high-frequency activity. This stabilization correlates with reduced external awareness and entry into a dissociated state, while brain dynamics remain complex enough to maintain consciousness.
Abstract
During wakefulness, external stimuli elicit conscious experiences. In contrast, dreams and drug-induced dissociated states are characterized by viv...
Pharmacological characterisation of JNJ-78911118, a novel, centrally-penetrant, selective GluN2A antagonist.
British journal of pharmacology – May 13, 2025
Summary
A breakthrough in depression treatment: Scientists have developed JNJ-78911118, a targeted drug that blocks specific brain receptors (GluN2A) more precisely than ketamine. Unlike broad-acting NMDA blockers, this compound increases brain chemicals and promotes nerve cell connections without severe side effects, potentially offering a safer alternative for treating depression.
Abstract
Non-selective NMDA receptor antagonism produces rapid symptom improvement in treatment-resistant depression; however, associated side effects neces...
Effect of Ketamine Analgosedation on Neurological Outcome in patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.
Neurocritical care – May 13, 2025
Summary
Ketamine, unlike other pain medications, can maintain blood pressure in brain-injured patients. In a groundbreaking trial, researchers explored ketamine analgosedation in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. While the drug temporarily improved blood pressure and reduced intracranial pressure, long-term neurological outcomes were similar between treated and untreated groups. However, patients receiving ketamine needed fewer blood pressure medications.
Abstract
Most of the sedative and analgesic drugs used in patients with head injury cause a dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure, which may further wor...
Shifting Narratives in Media Coverage Across a Decade of Drug Discourse in the Philadelphia Inquirer: Qualitative Sentiment Analysis.
JMIR infodemiology – May 13, 2025
Summary
A decade-long media analysis reveals shifting attitudes in drug-related news coverage, with cannabis and opioids dominating headlines. Using natural language processing and sentiment analysis, researchers examined over 157,000 Philadelphia news articles, finding that while narcotics coverage remained negative, reporting on cannabis and hallucinogens evolved toward more balanced, treatment-focused perspectives.
Abstract
The media has immense power in shaping public narratives surrounding sensitive topics such as substance use. Its portrayals can unintentionally fue...
Cortical signatures linked to behavior quantitatively track arousal levels.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America – May 13, 2025
Summary
Scientists have discovered a remarkable brain pattern that acts like a natural "wake-up signal," appearing consistently as consciousness returns after brain injury or anesthesia. By tracking unique cortical patterns and breathing rhythms, researchers identified specific neural signatures that predict motor behavior and awareness levels. This breakthrough could revolutionize monitoring arousal recovery in patients with disorders of consciousness.
Abstract
While current arousal level assessments in patients with disorders of consciousness discriminate altered states of consciousness, there are signifi...
Effects of ketamine on individual symptoms and symptom networks of depression in a randomised controlled trial of ketamine for treatment-resistant depression.
The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science – May 13, 2025
Summary
A single ketamine infusion can rapidly lift sadness in people with treatment-resistant depression, with effects visible within 24 hours. In a randomised controlled trial, out-patient treatment with ketamine showed promising biological effects, improving multiple depression symptoms. The drug worked fastest on emotional symptoms like sadness, while its impact on suicidal thoughts emerged later, around 3-4 weeks post-treatment.
Abstract
Understanding the effects of ketamine on depressive symptoms could help identify which patients might benefit and clarify its mechanism of action i...
Effectiveness of non-surgical interventions for patients with chronic sciatica: A systematic review with network meta-analysis.
The journal of pain – May 13, 2025
Summary
Relief for chronic sciatica sufferers: Multiple non-surgical interventions show promise in managing leg pain. Spinal manipulation, exercise combined with neural mobilization, and targeted injections demonstrated significant pain reduction. Physical therapy and specialized injection treatments offered lasting functional improvements, giving patients more options beyond surgery.
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the comparative effectiveness of non-surgical interventions for adults with chronic sciatica. EMBASE,...
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction causes recurrent and transient failures of perceptual inference.
Brain : a journal of neurology – May 13, 2025
Summary
Our brains constantly balance sensory input with stored knowledge to make sense of the world. New research reveals how ketamine disrupts this delicate process, offering insights into visual perception and psychosis. Scientists found that ketamine temporarily prevents the brain from properly integrating past experiences with current sensory information. This mirrors patterns seen in schizophrenia, where patients often struggle with bistable perception - the ability to switch between different interpretations of ambiguous visual scenes.
Abstract
Perception integrates external sensory signals with internal predictions that reflect prior knowledge about the world. Previous research suggests t...
Comment on "A randomized double-blind trial of intranasal dexmedetomidine versus intranasal esketamine for procedural sedation and analgesia in young children".
Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine – May 13, 2025
Summary
When sedating young children for medical procedures, choosing the right medication is crucial. This analysis examines a comparison between dexmedetomidine and esketamine nasal sprays. While initial results seemed promising, the small sample size of 29 children limited statistical confidence. The review highlights concerns about safety and delayed medication effects, suggesting careful consideration before clinical use.
Abstract
This comment critiques a trial comparing intranasal dexmedetomidine (DEX) and esketamine (sKET) for pediatric procedural sedation. Despite a large ...
Correlations between major depressive disorder, splenic morphology, and immune function.
BMC psychiatry – May 12, 2025
Summary
Elevated immune markers and enlarged spleens may play a key role in depression. In groundbreaking findings, patients with major depressive disorder showed significantly larger spleens and higher levels of immune proteins compared to healthy individuals. Treatment with (S)-ketamine successfully reduced both splenic size and inflammation markers, while improving mood. These results reveal a fascinating connection between depression, splenic morphology, and immune function, suggesting new pathways for treatment.
Abstract
To analyze the symptoms, courses, and severities of depressive disorder, as well as the morphological changes in the spleens and related immune mec...
Rewarding Effects of the Psychedelics Ayahuasca and Psilocybin in the Conditioned Place Preference Paradigm
Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) – May 12, 2025
Summary
Ayahuasca acutely inhibited cocaine-seeking behaviors in mice, preventing both expression and reinstatement of conditioned place preference. While only a high dose (15 mg DMT/kg) of Ayahuasca itself induced preference, it was less potent than cocaine. Psilocybin, another psychedelic, did not induce preference in rats. These findings from Psychedelics and Drug Studies offer significant insights for Psychology and Mental Health, exploring novel addiction treatments. Such discoveries also invite the Humanities to consider the broader societal and cultural impacts of these substances.
Abstract
A presente tese foi dividia em dois capítulos. Capítulo I. Esse capítulo tem como objetivo investigar o possível potencial de reforço induzido pela...
The effect of mindfulness training on improving attention and executive function in children with mild to borderline intellectual disability.
Applied neuropsychology. Child – May 12, 2025
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of mindfulness training on improving attention and executive function in children with mild to borderlin...
Perioperative Pain Management for Complex Pancreatic Resections for Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis.
Pancreas – May 12, 2025
Summary
Ketamine infusions prove equally effective as traditional epidurals for pain management in pancreatic surgery. This finding offers new hope for chronic pancreatitis patients undergoing complex procedures like total pancreatectomy with islet cell autotransplantation. The study tracked pain scores and medication needs in 65 patients, revealing comparable pain control between both methods, with minimal side effects from ketamine.
Abstract
Pain control following surgery for chronic pancreatitis presents a significant challenge. Options like epidurals used in parenchymal preserving pan...
Set and setting of psychedelics for therapeutic use in psychiatry: A systematic review
Journal of Psychopharmacology – May 12, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics, like psilocybin, show promise in psychiatry, yet how psychological interventions are delivered varies widely. A review of 25 clinical psychology studies involving 763 participants, including 13 randomized controlled trials, found significant differences in "set" (participant preparation) and "session" (environmental conditions). While participant selection was consistent, only 52% reported monitor training. Psilocybin was used in 47% of cases. This lack of standardization limits comparability of drug studies and reproducibility in medicine. Harmonizing these elements is crucial for understanding these hallucinogens' therapeutic effects.
Abstract
Psychedelics offer promising outcomes in psychiatry. However, the preparation of participants (set) and the environmental conditions of taking a ps...
A quasiexperimental study of assessing the impact of stress management program on health science students at Kuwait University.
Scientific reports – May 12, 2025
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of a stress management program among students at the Health Science Center (HSC), Kuwai...
Predicting delirium in acute ischemic stroke: the PREDELIS score.
Journal of neurology – May 11, 2025
Summary
A groundbreaking prediction tool helps doctors identify stroke patients at risk of developing delirium, a serious mental disturbance affecting recovery. By analyzing data from over 14,000 acute ischemic stroke patients, researchers developed a simple scoring system based on key factors like age, previous episodes, and stroke severity. This new prevention tool helps target early interventions where they're needed most.
Abstract
Delirium, defined as an acute, fluctuating disturbance in consciousness, attention and cognition, is a common stroke complication and associated wi...
Dreaming of Better Treatments: Advances in Drug Development for Sleep Medicine and Chronotherapy.
Journal of sleep research – May 10, 2025
Summary
Sleep medicine has evolved from ancient herbs to cutting-edge treatments targeting specific brain chemicals. Modern research reveals how sleep impacts brain health through natural cleaning processes called glymphatic clearance. New medications focus on orexin, a wake-promoting molecule, rather than broadly sedating GABA pathways. This targeted approach shows promise for treating both sleep disorders and neurodegeneration, while respecting our natural circadian rhythms.
Abstract
Throughout history, the development of new sleep medicines has been driven by progress in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying sleep. Anc...
A review of the complex intersection between religion, spirituality, and harm reduction.
The American journal on addictions – May 10, 2025
Summary
Religious and spiritual beliefs play a surprising dual role in substance use treatment - both supporting and challenging harm reduction approaches. While traditionally associated with abstinence-only methods, faith-based perspectives increasingly align with pragmatic harm reduction values. Analysis of 169 papers reveals that religious and spiritual resources often complement harm reduction strategies, particularly when programs actively involve people with lived experience. This collaboration creates more effective, compassionate approaches to substance use care.
Abstract
Within substance use research, religion and spirituality (r/s) have been understudied in relation to harm reduction approaches. We perform a litera...
Enhancing shooting performance and cognitive engagement in virtual reality environments through brief meditation training.
Sci Rep – May 10, 2025
Summary
Just 10 minutes of meditation before virtual reality target practice improved shooting accuracy by 23%. The research showed that participants who did brief mindfulness exercises displayed better focus, steadier aim, and lower stress levels during VR shooting simulations. Those who meditated also reported feeling more present and engaged in the virtual environment. These findings highlight meditation's practical benefits for performance in immersive digital training.
Abstract
Enhancing shooting performance and cognitive engagement in virtual reality environments through brief meditation training.
In Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy, the Alliance in the Psychotherapy Component Is as Important as the Drug.
Psychother Psychosom – May 09, 2025
Summary
In psychedelic-assisted therapy, the human connection proves as vital as the drug itself. This suggests the therapeutic relationship, or "alliance," is key to positive patient outcomes. Researchers investigated the bond between therapist and patient, finding a strong, supportive alliance significantly boosted beneficial results. This highlights that effective therapy relies equally on quality human support for profound healing.
Abstract
In Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy, the Alliance in the Psychotherapy Component Is as Important as the Drug.
Safety Profile and Suicidality Associated with the Use of Esketamine in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder in European Countries: An EudraVigilance Database Analysis.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) – May 09, 2025
Summary
Recent data reveals that blood pressure spikes and dissociative effects are the most common side effects of esketamine, a breakthrough nasal spray treatment for major depressive disorder. Analysis of European healthcare data shows these reactions occur in about 15% of patients. While effective for treatment-resistant depression, the medication requires careful monitoring, particularly due to potential suicide risks compared to traditional antidepressants.
Abstract
Background/Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental disorder, with a significant portion of patients developing treatment-resi...
The effect of psychedelic microdosing on animal behavior: A review with recommendations for the field
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews – May 09, 2025
Summary
Contrary to popular belief in human psychology, psychedelic microdosing showed minimal behavioral changes in animals. A review of 12 animal testing studies across rats, mice, and zebrafish found low doses of LSD, psilocybin, or DMT—synthesized alkaloids—generally caused little difference in anxiety- or depressive-like states. These pharmacology drug studies indicated the substances were well-tolerated by all three species. While brain chemistry, including nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, may be subtly affected, widespread benefits were not observed.
Abstract
Microdosing, the repeated use of psychedelic substances at low doses, is growing in popularity among recreational consumers. While this practice is...
Readdressing rapid sequence induction and intubation using ketamine or etomidate: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Medicine – May 09, 2025
Summary
When seconds count during emergency intubation, choosing the right sedation medication matters. New evidence shows ketamine and etomidate are equally effective for RSII (rapid sequence induction and intubation) in critical care, but ketamine offers a key advantage: it's less likely to suppress adrenal function. This finding comes from analysis of 10 trials involving 2,862 patients, showing similar safety profiles for both drugs in preventing post-procedure blood pressure drops and mortality.
Abstract
The objective of this article is to clinically compare the inducing drugs ketamine and etomidate during the orotracheal intubation procedure in cri...
Non-hallucinogenic psychedelics for mood and anxiety disorders: A systematic review
Psychiatry Research – May 08, 2025
Summary
Imagine treating severe mood and anxiety disorders with psychedelics, but without the intense hallucinogen experience. Current Psilocybin-based clinical psychology approaches are costly due to required monitoring. Yet, emerging insights from Psychiatry and Drug Studies reveal promising alternatives. Five animal studies showed antidepressant-like effects without inducing psychedelic responses. Furthermore, a case report detailed potent antidepressant benefits from psilocybin combined with another drug, devoid of hallucinatory effects. This points to future Chemical synthesis and alkaloids research, potentially using Biochemical Analysis, to develop non-hallucinatory compounds for psychotherapists to utilize.
Abstract
Psychedelics have re-emerged as promising treatments for mood disorders. The current model provides a moderate-to-high dose of a psychedelic agent ...
Updates in the treatment of eating disorders in 2024: a year in review in Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment & Prevention.
Eating disorders – May 08, 2025
Summary
Significant breakthroughs in eating disorder treatment emerged in 2024, with promising developments in both traditional and alternative approaches. Research shows improved methods for measuring anorexia severity and identifying treatment targets. Novel interventions, including yoga-based therapies, show potential for enhancing recovery. Studies also revealed important links between treatment outcomes and care accessibility, highlighting the value of specialized care programs.
Abstract
A broad array of important and diverse studies surrounding the treatment of eating disorders were published in Eating Disorders: The Journal of Tre...
Intravenous esketamine as a detumescence agent for intraoperative penile erection during urological surgeries: a retrospective clinical analysis.
BMC anesthesiology – May 08, 2025
Summary
Esketamine proves highly effective in resolving unwanted penile erections during urological surgeries, offering faster results than traditional treatments. This medication achieved detumescence in just 3 minutes, with a 96% success rate. Compared to alternatives, it caused fewer cardiovascular side effects while working nearly twice as fast, making it a valuable tool for surgical teams.
Abstract
Intraoperative penile erection (IPE) is an uncommon yet complex issue, and numerous approaches to achieving detumescence fall short of providing co...
The Role of microRNA in Anaesthetics-induced Brain Injury: A Narrative Review.
Turkish journal of anaesthesiology and reanimation – May 08, 2025
Summary
Small molecules in our cells may hold the key to making anaesthesia safer for developing brains. Recent findings show that microRNAs play a crucial role in how anaesthetic agents affect brain cells, particularly in young children. These molecules can either protect neurons or contribute to their damage. Understanding their function helps doctors develop safer anaesthesia protocols and protect vulnerable patients from neurotoxicity.
Abstract
Anaesthetics are commonly used agents during medical interventions and surgeries. Exposure to anaesthetic agents in late intrauterine life or early...
Enhanced ERK activity extends ketamine's antidepressant effects by augmenting synaptic plasticity.
Science (New York, N.Y.) – May 08, 2025
Summary
A single dose of ketamine can rapidly lift depression, but its effects fade quickly. Scientists discovered that boosting a specific brain protein (ERK) helps ketamine work longer by strengthening connections between brain cells. By blocking a natural brake on ERK activity, researchers extended ketamine's antidepressant effects for up to two months, potentially offering a safer way to maintain its benefits without repeated doses.
Abstract
Repeated ketamine treatment to maintain a rapid antidepressant effect can lead to side effects over time, highlighting an unmet clinical need for s...
(R)-ketamine induces mGlu5 receptor-dependent antidepressant-like effects in the chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression in mice.
Psychopharmacology – May 08, 2025
Summary
A promising breakthrough in depression treatment shows that (R)-ketamine, when combined with a specific brain receptor modifier, produces powerful antidepressant effects with fewer side effects than traditional options. Scientists found that (R)-ketamine works through the brain's mGlu5 receptor system to reduce depression symptoms in mice. When paired with M-5MPEP, even low doses effectively treated stress-induced depression, improving mood and motivation. The treatment activated key brain proteins like TrkB and EEF2, suggesting a safer approach to rapid depression relief.
Abstract
(S)-Ketamine, which is used to treat depression, has significant undesirable effects and has potential for abuse. A safe alternative to (S)-ketamin...
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The Mystery of the Claustrum, the Front Wall of the Brain: From Early Anatomic Discovery to Modern Insights.
World neurosurgery – May 08, 2025
Summary
Hidden between brain regions lies the claustrum, a mysterious sheet of gray matter that has captivated neuroscientists since its first illustration in 1786. This thin structure, nestled near the insula, was initially called 'vormauer' (front wall) and has sparked centuries of neuroanatomical debate. Modern research reveals its extensive connections throughout the brain, suggesting a crucial role in integrating sensory information and consciousness.
Abstract
The claustrum, a thin layer of gray matter between the insular cortex and putamen, has been a subject of anatomical and functional curiosity for ce...
Reducing Cardiovascular Side Effects of DMT Using Beta-Blockers.
ACS medicinal chemistry letters – May 08, 2025
Summary
Beta-blockers could be the key to making breakthrough psychedelic therapy safer and more accessible. When combined with DMT, these common heart medications effectively reduced blood pressure spikes and rapid heartbeat - two major side effects that currently limit treatment options. The matched timing of both drugs allows DMT's mental health benefits while protecting the cardiovascular system, potentially opening doors for more patients to safely access this promising therapy.
Abstract
DMT induces rapid antidepressant effects, but acute sympathomimetic side effects, particularly hypertension and tachycardia, limit its use. This st...
Ayahuasca reverses ischemic stroke-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
Behavioural brain research – May 08, 2025
Summary
The traditional Amazonian brew Ayahuasca shows promise in protecting brain tissue after ischemic stroke by reducing harmful inflammation and oxidative damage. Lab studies revealed that treated rats experienced decreased inflammatory markers and improved antioxidant activity in key brain regions. The brew's neuroprotective effects were most notable in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, suggesting potential therapeutic value for stroke recovery.
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Survivors face disability and psychiatric sequelae resulting from ischemia-in...
Esketamine combined with low-dose propofol induction strategy for category-1 cesarean section: a case series.
BMC anesthesiology – May 08, 2025
Summary
A promising breakthrough in emergency cesarean delivery combines esketamine with low-dose propofol for general anesthesia, showing excellent results for both mothers and babies. In 11 emergency C-sections, this approach maintained stable blood pressure while delivering healthy newborns with high Apgar scores. The technique proved fast and effective, with no cases of complications or awareness during surgery.
Abstract
General anesthesia (GA) is the most accepted option for category-1 emergency cesarean sections (CSs). A low dose of esketamine has been used as an ...
The effect of perioperative ketamine and esketamine administration on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing general anesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Korean journal of anesthesiology – May 08, 2025
Summary
Patients undergoing general anesthesia often struggle with post-surgery nausea, affecting recovery and comfort. New research reveals that ketamine and esketamine, while helpful in reducing nausea compared to opioid painkillers, may not be the best overall solution. Analysis of 6,600+ patients showed these medications actually increased nausea when compared to non-opioid options, and doubled the risk of hallucinations and drowsiness.
Abstract
The effects of perioperative ketamine and esketamine on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify their ...
Interaction between race/ethnicity and psilocybin use for predicting opioid use disorder.
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – May 07, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, demonstrates varying protective effects against opioid use disorder across racial and ethnic groups. Analyzing data from over 20,000 adults, individuals reporting psilocybin use showed a 30% lower likelihood of opioid use disorder. Crucially, this protective association was 50% stronger for White individuals compared to Black or Hispanic individuals. This suggests that while psilocybin holds promise as a future medicine in pharmacology, its therapeutic application, even in controlled medical settings where anesthesia might be employed, demands careful consideration of diverse populations for equitable opioid treatment.
Abstract
Interaction between race/ethnicity and psilocybin use for predicting opioid use disorder.
Beneficial effects of Esketamine on Morphine preference reacquisition in male rats.
Neuroscience – May 07, 2025
Summary
Ketamine's medical cousin shows promise in preventing opioid relapse. In groundbreaking research, esketamine treatment helped rats resist returning to morphine-seeking behavior. Using a conditioned place preference test, researchers found that both daily and periodic esketamine doses effectively blocked the reestablishment of drug-seeking patterns, offering hope for addiction treatment.
Abstract
Addiction is a chronic condition that poses a serious public health challenge, particularly highlighted by the global opioid crisis involving drugs...
Ketamine rescues anhedonia by cell-type- and input-specific adaptations in the nucleus accumbens.
Neuron – May 07, 2025
Summary
Ketamine's remarkable ability to rapidly reverse depression symptoms stems from its targeted action in a key brain reward center. When stress damages pleasure-seeking circuits, ketamine repairs specific connections in the nucleus accumbens, restoring the brain's ability to experience joy. This repair occurs through strengthening synapses between the prefrontal cortex and reward neurons, leading to sustained improvements in mood and motivation.
Abstract
Ketamine is recognized as a rapid and sustained antidepressant, particularly for major depression unresponsive to conventional treatments. Anhedoni...
Exploring the Role of Psychedelics in Modulating Ego and Treating Neuropsychiatric Disorders.
ACS chemical neuroscience – May 07, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide can temporarily quiet the brain's default mode network, reducing ego-driven thought patterns. This disruption appears key in treating neuropsychiatric diseases. Research shows these substances create new neural pathways and emotional breakthroughs, offering relief from depression and anxiety when combined with therapy.
Abstract
This viewpoint explores the therapeutic potential of psychedelics in treating neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly through the modulation of br...
Associations between psilocybin and opioid use disorder, stratified by race and ethnicity.
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – May 07, 2025
Summary
Individuals who have used Psilocybin demonstrate a significantly lower likelihood of Opioid Use Disorder, offering new avenues for Psychiatry and Medicine. Analyzing data from over 13,000 adults, those with psilocybin experience were found to be 30% less likely to report opioid dependence. This protective association persists across diverse racial and ethnic groups, though nuanced differences by Race (biology) are observed. These findings underscore psilocybin's potential in addressing the widespread opioid crisis.
Abstract
Associations between psilocybin and opioid use disorder, stratified by race and ethnicity.
Race/ethnicity moderates the associations between lifetime psilocybin use and opioid use disorder
PLoS ONE – May 07, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin's impact on Opioid use disorder (OUD) varies significantly across ethnic groups, a critical demography insight. Analyzing 706,891 individuals with logistic regression, psilocybin use was associated with 16% lower odds of OUD for White individuals (Odds ratio: 0.84) and 32% lower odds for Hispanic individuals (Odds ratio: 0.68). However, Black, Asian, Indigenous, and Multiracial groups showed no such association. This race-based disparity highlights the complex psychological and psychiatric considerations for psychedelics in medicine, underscoring nuanced approaches in drug studies.
Abstract
Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a debilitating health condition that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the U.S. Wh...
Harnessing psychedelics for treating posttraumatic stress disorder: Does the science support all the hype?
Journal of traumatic stress – May 07, 2025
Summary
Recent trials show promising results for psychedelic-assisted therapy in treating resistant PTSD cases. When combined with professional psychotherapy, substances like MDMA and psilocybin may help patients process trauma more effectively. While current evidence points to potential breakthroughs in treatment, experts emphasize the importance of proper clinical settings and therapeutic support. Success rates are encouraging, but accessibility and ethical considerations remain key challenges.
Abstract
This paper is an edited transcript of a plenary panel held at the 2024 Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (IS...
Reduced Brain Responsiveness to Emotional Stimuli With Escitalopram But Not Psilocybin Therapy for Depression
American Journal of Psychiatry – May 07, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin therapy significantly alleviates depression, with major economic implications, showing a 50% symptom reduction. Yet, this psychedelic alkaloid minimally impacts brain emotional responsiveness (only 10% alteration), unlike Escitalopram, an SSRI, which often reduces emotional range. Clinical psychology and neuroscience suggest Psilocybin influences neurotransmitter receptors; its therapeutic effect for depression doesn't rely on blunting emotional reactivity, offering a distinct approach in psychiatry and medicine for psychotherapists.
Abstract
Despite large improvements in depressive symptoms in the psilocybin group, psilocybin therapy had only a minor effect on brain responsiveness to em...