Research
Przedstawienia grzybów psychoaktywnych w ewidencji archeologicznej i ich interpretacje
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia – December 30, 2021
Summary
A compelling theory posits that psilocybin, from psychedelic mushrooms, was a crucial element in human evolution, accelerating the development of consciousness, language, and religion. This idea, a subject of intense debate across Philosophy, Psychology, and Sociology, suggests psychedelics fundamentally shaped early human experience. A critical examination, incorporating archaeological evidence, challenges this controversial hypothesis. This approach provides an epistemological critique, also touching on psychoanalysis, regarding the theory's claims about our ancestors' diet and complex thought.
Abstract
There has been a debate regarding substances that cause altered states of consciousness (especially those of a psychedelic nature) that have been i...
Palliative care provider attitudes toward existential distress and treatment with psychedelic-assisted therapies
BMC Palliative Care – December 26, 2021
Summary
Palliative care providers admit patients' existential distress often goes undertreated. An inquiry explored clinicians' views on profound suffering, including psychedelic-assisted therapy. Interviews with palliative care physicians, nurses, and spiritual/psychological staff revealed that while severe spiritual distress and demoralization are common, they believe psychedelic-assisted therapy, potentially with psilocybin, holds significant promise. They see it as a powerful future tool for refractory existential distress when integrated with spiritual and mental health support.
Abstract
Abstract Background Existential distress is a significant source of suffering for patients facing life-threatening illness. Psychedelic-Assisted Th...
Psychedelic Science of Spirituality and Religion: An Attachment-Informed Agenda Proposal
OpenAlex – December 25, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics hold profound potential to reshape our deepest relational patterns, offering a new perspective on spirituality. Integrating Attachment theory with Psychology, this framework suggests natural compounds might relax rigid beliefs formed by early interpersonal communication. Psychological intervention, often guided by a psychotherapist, could then foster increased attachment security. Phenomenology reveals these experiences, from a Social psychology perspective, alleviate attachment-related worries and promote connection to others and the divine. This agenda outlines how chemical synthesis of alkaloids in Psychedelics and Drug Studies could offer significant therapeutic benefits.
Abstract
In this paper, we set an agenda for a psychedelic science of spirituality and religion, based on a synthesis of attachment theory with the Relaxed ...
The Hallucinogenic Serotonin2A Receptor Agonist, 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Iodoamphetamine, Promotes cAMP Response Element Binding Protein-Dependent Gene Expression of Specific Plasticity-Associated Genes in the Rodent Neocortex
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience – December 24, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics rapidly enhance brain plasticity. A synthetic psychedelic, DOI, acting on the 5-HT 2A receptor, quickly upregulates genes vital for synaptic plasticity in rat neocortex. Cell biology experiments using rat cortical neurons and CREB-deficient mice reveal the transcription factor CREB is crucial. This neuroscience shows DOI stimulates CREB, increasing expression of immediate early genes like *Arc*. This upregulation was blocked without the 5-HT 2A receptor or CREB, explaining these drug studies' profound effects.
Abstract
Psychedelic compounds that target the 5-HT 2A receptor are reported to evoke psychoplastogenic effects, including enhanced dendritic arborization a...
Substance-Induced Psychoses: An Updated Literature Review
Frontiers in Psychiatry – December 23, 2021
Summary
Psychosis linked to substance abuse is a common and increasing concern in Psychiatry. Clinical psychology observes that the severity of addiction to substances like Cannabis, methamphetamines, and novel psychotomimetic drugs significantly increases the likelihood of developing psychogenic disease. Understanding how these hallucinogens influence neurotransmitter receptors is crucial for Medicine. Distinguishing substance-induced psychosis from primary disorders remains challenging, a key focus in Psychedelics and Drug Studies and Forensic Toxicology. Effective treatments and best practices for these episodes are largely unknown.
Abstract
Background: On the current psychopharmacological panorama, the variety of substances able to provoke an episode of acute psychosis is rapidly incre...
Ketamine for the treatment of mental health and substance use disorders: comprehensive systematic review
BJPsych Open – December 23, 2021
Summary
Ketamine shows robust, rapid antidepressant and anti-suicidal effects, offering a new frontier in Medicine and Psychiatry. A comprehensive systematic review, drawing from 83 published reports including 33 systematic reviews and 29 randomized controlled trials, explored ketamine's impact on mental health. Searching MEDLINE and PsycINFO, the meta-analysis confirmed its potential for Major depressive disorder and Suicidal ideation. While promising for the Treatment of Major Depression, the AMSTAR Checklist revealed a high risk of bias, suggesting caution for Clinical psychology and Mental Health Research Topics.
Abstract
Background In the past two decades, subanaesthetic doses of ketamine have been demonstrated to have rapid and sustained antidepressant effects, and...
Ibogaine Has Sex-Specific Plasma Bioavailability, Histopathological and Redox/Antioxidant Effects in Rat Liver and Kidneys: A Study on Females.
Life (Basel, Switzerland) – December 23, 2021
Summary
A compound's impact can differ significantly between sexes. Research reveals ibogaine bioavailability is 2-3 times higher in female rats. Their liver showed less glycogen breakdown, increased protective thiols and catalase activity, alongside some lipid peroxidation. The kidney experienced mild changes, with altered xanthine oxidase and catalase. No effects were seen in erythrocytes. This highlights sex- and tissue-specific responses, influencing the body's redox imbalance.
Abstract
Ibogaine induces rapid changes in cellular energetics followed by the elevation of antioxidant activities. As shown earlier in male rats, ibogaine ...
Psilocybin: crystal structure solutions enable phase analysis of prior art and recently patented examples
Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry – December 20, 2021
Summary
A recent patent for psilocybin, a key alkaloid in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, claimed a single crystalline form, but Analytical Chemistry revealed it was 81% Polymorph A and 19% Polymorph B. This clarifies the Chemical synthesis of this compound. Across 57 years of samples (1963-2021), only three forms—Hydrate A, Polymorph A, and Polymorph B—consistently appear. This precise understanding, aided by X-ray diffraction, is crucial for developing these promising drugs.
Abstract
Psilocybin {systematic name: 3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1 H -indol-4-yl dihydrogen phosphate} is a zwitterionic tryptamine natural product found in...
Psilocybin modulation of dynamic functional connectivity is associated with plasma psilocin and subjective effects
OpenAlex – December 17, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin, a serotonergic hallucinogen, profoundly alters brain activity. In 15 healthy individuals, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) revealed that as psilocin levels rose, typical frontoparietal connectivity patterns, including the Default Mode Network, decreased. Simultaneously, a more uniformly connected brain state increased. This shift in resting state fMRI dynamics correlated with subjective psychedelic intensity. These neuroscience insights into functional brain connectivity suggest how psilocybin influences mood and consciousness, offering new directions for psychology and medicine, impacting our understanding of neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Abstract Background Psilocin, the neuroactive metabolite of psilocybin, is a serotonergic psychedelic that induces an acute altered state of consci...
Psilocybin microdosing does not affect emotion-related symptoms and processing: A preregistered field and lab-based study
Journal of Psychopharmacology – December 17, 2021
Summary
Despite popular belief, a rigorous double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study revealed that microdosing the hallucinogen psilocybin for three weeks did not alleviate anxiety or depression symptoms. This research in clinical psychology, exploring how psychedelics, specifically this chemical synthesis alkaloid, influence behavior and affect, found no significant changes in emotion processing. The findings challenge anecdotal reports suggesting psilocybin's broad benefits, indicating its neurotransmitter receptor influence might not translate to these particular psychological improvements in a microdosing context. Psychiatry may need to re-evaluate common assumptions.
Abstract
Background: Microdoses of psychedelics (i.e. a sub-hallucinogenic dose taken every third day) can reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress...
Psychedelic Therapy's Transdiagnostic Effects: A Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Perspective
Frontiers in Psychiatry – December 17, 2021
Summary
Psychedelic therapy, combining psychopharmacology and psychotherapist support, shows promising potential for over seven diverse mental health challenges like depression and anxiety. This approach targets maladaptive patterns in emotion and cognition. Understanding how these substances, through their chemical influence on neurotransmitter receptors, impact behavior is crucial. Using the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework from clinical psychology, accumulating evidence explores three multimodal mechanisms from molecular to network levels, aiming for precise, personalized psychedelic treatments.
Abstract
Accumulating clinical evidence shows that psychedelic therapy, by synergistically combining psychopharmacology and psychological support, offers a ...
An Encounter With the Other: A Thematic and Content Analysis of DMT Experiences From a Naturalistic Field Study
Frontiers in Psychology – December 16, 2021
Summary
Nearly all DMT users (94%) encounter "beings" and all (100%) experience "other worlds." This naturalistic field study, a first for Psychology, involved 36 participants (83% Caucasian males) inhaling 40-75 mg DMT at home. Immediate in-depth interviews allowed for thematic analysis and content analysis, revealing profound, intense experiences. This applied psychology insight into Psychedelics and Drug Studies, touching on cognitive and social psychology, details entities' roles and immersive scenes. Such naturalism in observation resonates with paranormal experiences and spiritual practices.
Abstract
Introduction: N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is an endogenous serotonergic psychedelic capable of producing radical shifts in conscious experience. I...
An experience with Holotropic Breathwork is associated with improvement in non-judgement and satisfaction with life while reducing symptoms of stress in a Czech-speaking population
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – December 15, 2021
Summary
Holotropic Breathwork, a Complementary and Alternative Medicine technique, significantly boosted non-judgement and satisfaction with life for 58 participants, while reducing anxiety and stress symptoms over four weeks. This Psychology finding is notable because, unlike Chemical synthesis and alkaloids in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, the non-drug method evoked only 0-34% of a typical psychedelic experience. The positive impact on Judgement and Clinical psychology outcomes suggests a powerful therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Abstract Background Holotropic breathwork (Grof ® Breathwork), was developed by Stanislav Grof and Christina Grof as a ‘non-drug’ alternative techn...
A Quantitative and Qualitative Report of Psilocybin Induced Mystical-Type Experiences and Their Relation to Lasting Positive Effects
OpenAlex – December 14, 2021
Summary
Remarkably, psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, can induce lasting positive psychological changes. Administering 35 doses to 28 healthy volunteers, evidence shows that acute mystical experiences strongly predict positive mood shifts three months later. Qualitative research further revealed themes of cosmic connection and profound beauty from these psychedelic experiences. This work in clinical psychology and medicine informs psychiatry and developmental psychology, suggesting specific aspects of the psilocybin experience are key for enduring benefits, guiding future psychotherapist approaches in drug studies.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs such as psilocybin are under investigation for the treatment of several psychiatric conditions. They also have the remarkable pro...
Debunking the myth of 'Blue Mondays': No evidence of affect drop after taking clinical MDMA.
J Psychopharmacol – December 13, 2021
Summary
The common "Blue Monday" crash after MDMA use might be a misconception in clinical contexts. Researchers investigated if a mood drop follows controlled administration. Individuals received either a precise dose or a placebo, with their emotional state carefully monitored. Importantly, no significant decrease in positive feelings or increase in negative ones was observed. This indicates that clinical use does not lead to the widely assumed post-experience dip.
Abstract
Debunking the myth of 'Blue Mondays': No evidence of affect drop after taking clinical MDMA.
Ketamine Sedation Facilitates Asleep DBS: a multicenter retrospective study
medRxiv Preprint Server – December 12, 2021
Summary
Brain surgery for Parkinson's often requires patients to be awake for precise mapping. A new analysis investigated if low-dose ketamine could allow sedation without compromising critical brain monitoring. This multi-center review found ketamine successfully facilitated "asleep" Deep Brain Stimulation, enabling accurate lead placement while significantly improving patient comfort. This offers a promising option for Parkinson's patients.
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is commonly and safely performed for selective Parkinson’s disease patients. Many centers perform DBS lead positioning...
Right-Wing Psychedelia: Case Studies in Cultural Plasticity and Political Pluripotency
Frontiers in Psychology – December 10, 2021
Summary
Despite common assertions in *Psychedelics and Drug Studies*, these substances do not inherently lead to liberal politics or environmental concern. *Psychology* reveals psychedelics are "politically pluripotent," non-specific amplifiers of existing "set and setting." Experiences challenging a person's fundamental worldview can shift political beliefs in *any* direction. Conservative, hierarchy-based ideologies, exemplified by figures like Jordan Peterson and members of neo-Nazi organizations, can assimilate psychedelic experiences of interconnection. This challenges simplistic *Cognitive psychology* models of political change, highlighting the complex interplay of individual experience and *Politics*.
Abstract
Recent media advocacy for the nascent psychedelic medicine industry has emphasized the potential for psychedelics to improve society, pointing to r...
A Spectrum of Selves Reinforced in Multilevel Coherence: A Contextual Behavioural Response to the Challenges of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy Development
Frontiers in Psychiatry – December 07, 2021
Summary
The FDA's fast-tracking of two psychedelics, including psilocybin, signals a critical need for refined psychological intervention. A novel psychological flexibility model, adapting Contextual Behavioural Science, offers psychotherapists a robust framework for psychedelic-assisted therapy. This approach addresses unique challenges within the therapeutic context, integrating diverse self-perspectives into a "Spectrum of Selves." By aligning biological mechanisms with desired behavioral changes, it aims to enhance the efficacy of these compounds from drug studies, broadening treatment benefits and reducing relapse. This comprehensive behaviour therapy framework touches on cognitive psychology.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted therapy research for depression and PTSD has been fast tracked in the United States with the Food and Drugs Administration (FD...
Microevidence for microdosing with psilocybin mushrooms: a double-blind placebo-controlled study of subjective effects, behavior, creativity, perception, cognition, and brain activity
OpenAlex – December 07, 2021
Summary
The perceived benefits of microdosing psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, might largely stem from expectation. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation, 34 individuals received either 0.5g dried *Psilocybe cubensis* or a placebo. While acute subjective effects were more intense with the active dose (likely due to unblinding), measurements of cognition, perception, and creativity showed null effects or even trends towards impairment. This pharmacology research, crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies, suggests psychology's role in perceived outcomes, challenging many claims within Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies.
Abstract
Abstract The use of low sub-hallucinogenic doses of psychedelics (“microdosing”) has gained popularity in recent years. Although anecdotal reports ...
Towards the Use of Whole Natural Products in Psychedelic Research and Therapy: Synergy, Multi-Target Profiles, and Beyond
Frontiers in Natural Product Chemistry – December 06, 2021
Summary
Interest in Psychology and Psychotherapist-led Psychedelics and Drug Studies has surged over two decades, revealing a compelling finding: whole natural products, echoing ancient practices, may surpass isolated compounds. Instead of single molecules from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, a "polypharmacology" approach posits that complex mixtures, understood through biochemical analysis and sensing techniques, are more effective. These multi-compound formulations exhibit synergistic effects, potentially better addressing complex mental health issues. This paradigm advocates for integrating whole natural products into psychedelic-assisted therapy.
Abstract
Interest in psychoactive ethnobotanicals such as ayahuasca or Psilocybe mushrooms for clinical uses has increased over the last two decades. While ...
A Neuronal Noise Critique of Integrated Information Theory
arXiv Preprint Archive – December 06, 2021
Summary
Brain noise isn't just random static - it's essential for how we think and learn. New research challenges a major theory of consciousness by showing that neural "noise" actually helps our brains process information and make decisions. While traditional models suggested this background activity reduces mental clarity, experiments reveal that controlled neural variability is crucial for learning, visual recognition, and forming mental categories. This finding fundamentally reshapes our understanding of how consciousness emerges from brain activity.
Abstract
Integrated Information Theory (IIT) is an audacious attempt to pin down the abstract, phenomenological experiences of consciousness into a rigorous...
Microdosing of Psychoactive Substances in Business Practice
Businesses – December 06, 2021
Summary
Remarkably, microdosing **drugs of abuse** like LSD and cocaine allows individuals to sustain a subtle psychoactive effect through the work week, avoiding significant behavioral changes or withdrawal. This **dosing** strategy, unlike standard use, even sees stimulants require progressively lower doses over time for the same effect, a fascinating **pharmacology** insight. Conversely, **psychedelics** develop resistance. Through **case studies** examining **psychology** and initial **biochemical analysis** in corporate environments, this approach's influence on business managers and creatives is being explored, revealing a unique pattern of substance interaction.
Abstract
Abusing psychoactive substances has been a popular sport in the business world since the mid-19th century. First, they were appreciated for their s...
Psilocybin Therapy of Psychiatric Disorders Is Not Hampered by hERG Potassium Channel–Mediated Cardiotoxicity
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – December 03, 2021
Summary
Promising hallucinogen psilocybin, used in medicine for psychology, poses less cardiac risk than previously thought. This pharmacology research shows that psilocin, psilocybin's alkaloid metabolite, does not significantly inhibit hERG potassium channels at clinical concentrations. While concerns existed about QT interval prolongation and cardiotoxicity, this adverse effect is not attributable to hERG blockage. This finding is vital for drug studies on psychedelics like MDMA and mescaline, ensuring safe exploration of their neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin, a hallucinogen contained in “magic” mushrooms, holds great promise for the treatment of various psychiatric disorders, and ear...
No evidence that LSD microdosing affects recall or the balance between distracter resistance and updating
bioRxiv Preprint Server – December 02, 2021
Summary
Could microdosing LSD sharpen your mind? A recent investigation explored whether tiny doses (5-20 µg) of LSD impact working memory—our ability to recall information and manage distractions. Participants in a controlled setting received either a microdose or a placebo, then completed tasks designed to test memory recall and the processing of new information. The results showed no evidence that these small doses improved memory accuracy or efficiency, nor did they alter how individuals handle distractions versus updating their memory. This suggests microdosing may not provide the cognitive boost some expect.
Abstract
The effect of low doses (<=20 μg) of LSD on working memory, in the absence of altered states of consciousness, remain largely unexplored. Given its...
Psychedelics and Hallucinogens in Psychiatry: Finding New PharmacologicalTargets
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry – December 02, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin significantly reduced obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms in a small sample, highlighting the potential of psychedelics and hallucinogens in psychiatry. Ayahuasca, Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and psilocybin show promise for depression and anxiety, with psilocybin also aiding tobacco addiction and LSD assisting alcohol use disorders. These substances, explored in drug studies, appear safe. Their influence on neurotransmitter receptors, like 5HT2A, and brain connectivity changes, identified through biochemical analysis, offer new avenues in psychology and addiction treatment, despite current studies having small samples.
Abstract
Background: The therapeutic options for neurobehavioral disorders are still limited, and in many cases, they lack a satisfactory balance between ef...
Psilocybin-assisted therapy for the treatment of resistant major depressive disorder (PsiDeR): protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled feasibility trial
BMJ Open – December 01, 2021
Summary
A groundbreaking clinical trial is exploring psilocybin's potential against treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. Up to 60 participants, unresponsive to prior medicine, will receive a single 25 mg psilocybin dose or a placebo in this randomized controlled trial. All undergo psychological therapy. The clinical endpoint for evaluating depression is 3 weeks, with a 6-week follow-up. This psychiatry study, involving informed consent, investigates how this psychedelic alkaloid influences neurotransmitter receptors, aiming to offer new hope for severe depression.
Abstract
Introduction Psilocybin-assisted therapy may be a new treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), with encouraging data from pilot trials. In th...
Ancient psychoactive plants in a global village: The ritual use of cannabis in a self-managed community in Catalonia.
The International journal on drug policy – December 01, 2021
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Cannabis is a plant with a rich history of medical, recreational, industrial and spiritual uses. This paper aims to explore drug use rituals as met...
Detecting lucid dreams only by submentalis electromyography.
Sleep medicine – December 01, 2021
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Lucid dreams (LDs) occur when people become aware that they are dreaming. This phenomenon has a wide range of possible applications from the perspe...
Prevalence study of drugs and new psychoactive substances in hair of ketamine consumers using a methanolic direct extraction prior to high-resolution mass spectrometry.
Forensic science international – December 01, 2021
Summary
Ten individuals positive for the arylcyclohexylamine Ketamine, a common hallucinogen, also consumed other new psychoactive substances (NPS). Reanalyzing their hair samples using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) with an incubation methanolic extraction revealed widespread polyconsumption. This advanced Orbitrap technology detected additional arylcyclohexylamines and Cathinones, like deschloroketamine and methylmetcathinone, in all 10 cases. This highlights a significant trend: Ketamine users frequently engage in broader NPS use, providing crucial insights into substance prevalence beyond initial screenings.
Abstract
Few studies have reported the prevalence or incidence about the consumption of new psychoactive substances (NPS). The hair analysis can be useful f...
Psychedelic Epistemology: William James and the “Noetic Quality” of Mystical Experience
Religions – November 29, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics reliably occasion intense mystical experiences, echoing William James's 1902 concept of religious experience and its noetic quality. This epistemological aspect, central to the philosophy of religion, is now measured in drug studies involving chemical synthesis and alkaloids. However, concerns arise in psychology and philosophy: does this inject undue mysticism into science? Debates question the quality of such experiences and their necessity for therapeutic benefits, challenging the epistemology of psychedelic research and biochemical analysis techniques.
Abstract
William James proposed in 1902 that states of mystical experience, central to his idea of religious experience, can be identified based on their in...
Return of the lysergamides. Part VII: Analytical and behavioural characterization of 1‐valeroyl‐d‐lysergic acid diethylamide (1V‐LSD)
Drug Testing and Analysis – November 27, 2021
Summary
1-Valeroyl-LSD (1V-LSD), a new derivative of lysergic acid diethylamide, shows significant promise as a psychedelic. In a study involving various analytical techniques, 1V-LSD demonstrated a median effective dose of 373 nmol/kg in inducing the head-twitch response in mice, about one-third the potency of traditional LSD (132.8 nmol/kg). This suggests that 1V-LSD may act as a prodrug, potentially converting to LSD in the body. Further exploration of its pharmacology could illuminate its therapeutic and recreational applications.
Abstract
Abstract The psychopharmacological properties of the psychedelic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have attracted the interest of several gener...
The Readiness of Psychiatrists to Implement Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy
Frontiers in Psychiatry – November 26, 2021
Summary
A compelling finding reveals 77.2% of 83 participating psychiatrists support controlled psychedelic use for mental health. While all were familiar with these substances, none felt prepared to deliver psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. Thematic analysis of focus group discussions highlighted a critical need for knowledge and preparedness, despite an openness to experience within psychiatry. As psychedelic medicine moves towards mainstream mental health, psychotherapists and medical professionals require significant training to integrate these emerging treatments, which are increasingly a focus in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, into practice.
Abstract
Introduction: Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy is a promising approach in psychiatry; evidence is growing and it may not be long before mainstrea...
Restructuring insight: An integrative review of insight in problem-solving, meditation, psychotherapy, delusions and psychedelics
OpenAlex – November 26, 2021
Summary
Insight, the sudden flash of understanding, is a central cognitive phenomenon unifying diverse aspects of human experience. This fundamental process, crucial in meditation and a core component for psychotherapists, also underlies delusion emergence in schizophrenia. Drawing on a variety of fields, from cognitive psychology to psychedelics and drug studies, it highlights a shared mechanism. Its profound relevance extends beyond mental health research topics, deepening our epistemology of human understanding. This integrative view inspires interdisciplinary cognitive science, even offering new perspectives on aesthetic perception and analysis.
Abstract
Occasionally, a solution or idea arrives as a sudden understanding - an insight. Insight has been considered an “extra” ingredient of creative thin...
Novel drug developmental strategies for treatment‐resistant depression
British Journal of Pharmacology – November 25, 2021
Summary
Major depressive disorder is a leading global disability, with many patients resistant to conventional medicine. Novel pharmacology is crucial for effective treatment of major depression. Promising drug candidates, currently in Phase I-III clinical trials, target specific brain neurotransmitter receptors. These neuroscience-based approaches modulate brain chemistry, inhibiting certain signaling pathways or influencing opioid systems. Hallucinogenic tryptamine derivates, a drug class related to tryptophan and brain disorders, also show potential. S-ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, is the only registered drug for treatment-resistant depression, profoundly influencing behavior. Add-on therapies also improve outcomes.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Because conventional therapies are ineffective in many patients, novel strate...
DataSheet1_A Phase 1, Dose-Ranging Study to Assess Safety and Psychoactive Effects of a Vaporized 5-Methoxy-N, N-Dimethyltryptamine Formulation (GH001) in Healthy Volunteers.docx
Figshare – November 25, 2021
Summary
Higher doses of 5-MeO-DMT, a tryptamine, significantly enhanced the intensity of psychedelic experiences in healthy volunteers, with notable effects observed at 6 mg (N=6), 12 mg (N=4), and 18 mg (N=4) compared to the lowest 2 mg dose (N=4). Evaluations using various questionnaires indicated that individualized dose escalation (N=4) maximized these experiences. Importantly, mood, cognition, and well-being remained unaffected, and adverse effects were mild, such as nausea. Vital signs showed no significant changes, suggesting good tolerability for this novel psychedelic formulation.
Abstract
<p>5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a tryptamine with ultra-rapid onset and short duration of psychedelic effects. Prospective...
Examining Psychedelic-Induced Changes in Social Functioning and Connectedness in a Naturalistic Online Sample Using the Five-Factor Model of Personality
Frontiers in Psychology – November 25, 2021
Summary
Naturalistic psychedelic use appears linked to profound shifts in personality. Individuals experienced reductions in Neuroticism and increases in Agreeableness and social connectedness, core Big Five personality traits. These changes, observed within psychology, suggest improved emotion regulation and interpersonal communication. Such findings hold significant implications for clinical psychology, potentially addressing personality pathology and loneliness by enhancing social support. This social psychology perspective highlights how these experiences can foster healthier personality development, impacting overall social connectedness.
Abstract
The present study examines prospective changes in personality traits relevant to social functioning as well as perceived social connectedness in re...
Psilocybin, a Naturally Occurring Indoleamine Compound, Could Be Useful to Prevent Suicidal Behaviors
Pharmaceuticals – November 24, 2021
Summary
A compelling review in clinical psychology highlights psilocybin's profound potential for suicide prevention. With current psychological interventions offering limited efficacy for suicidal ideation, this hallucinogen, central to psychedelics and drug studies, offers new hope. Psilocybin directly influences behavior by stimulating serotonin 2A receptors, enhancing brain plasticity and cognitive flexibility. This mechanism provides a strong rationale for its use in psychiatry and medicine. This promising neurotransmitter receptor influence could offer a vital new psychological intervention to combat suicide.
Abstract
The available interventions for people who are at risk of suicide have limited efficacy. Recently, research on new mental health treatments has sta...
An Integrative Approach to Ketamine Therapy May Enhance Multiple Dimensions of Efficacy: Improving Therapeutic Outcomes With Treatment Resistant Depression.
Front Psychiatry – November 24, 2021
Summary
For those battling severe depression, integrating ketamine therapy with other supportive treatments, like psychotherapy, dramatically enhances its benefits. This combined strategy improves various dimensions of well-being, leading to significantly better and more comprehensive therapeutic outcomes for individuals with treatment-resistant depression.
Abstract
An Integrative Approach to Ketamine Therapy May Enhance Multiple Dimensions of Efficacy: Improving Therapeutic Outcomes With Treatment Resistant De...
Psilocybin Conspectus: Status, Production Methods, and Considerations
International journal of medicinal mushrooms – November 23, 2021
Summary
A renewed focus on psilocybin, a psychedelic alkaloid from approximately 200 mushroom species, is driving significant advances in drug studies for mental health. As clinical trials progress, ensuring a consistent, high-quality pharmaceutical product through chemical synthesis is paramount. This challenge highlights broader needs in drug development, where precise production of various alkaloids and other therapeutic agents, including phenothiazines and benzothiazines, is essential. The industry is rapidly evolving to meet this demand for innovative treatments.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a psychoactive alkaloid that is produced naturally by approximately 200 species of mushrooms. The potential medical use of this molec...
Psychedelics alter metaphysical beliefs.
Scientific reports – November 23, 2021
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Can the use of psychedelic drugs induce lasting changes in metaphysical beliefs? While it is popularly believed that they can, this question has ne...
Electrochemical detection of MDMA and 2C-B in ecstasy tablets using a selectivity enhancement strategy by in-situ derivatization
Forensic Chemistry – November 23, 2021
Summary
A novel electrochemical sensor effectively distinguishes between MDMA and 2C-B, crucial for on-site drug detection. Testing involved 71 ecstasy tablets seized by the Amsterdam Police; the sensor accurately identified all 39 MDMA tablets and 10 of 11 containing 2C-B. Initial direct analysis showed a false positive for 2C-B among over 70 substances. However, a second step using in-situ derivatization enhanced differentiation. This method offers rapid, reliable results, addressing the challenges posed by the increasing complexity of new psychoactive substances in forensic toxicology.
Abstract
Forensic drug laboratories are confronted with increasing amounts of drugs and a demand for faster results that are directly available on-site. In ...
Examining attitudes to psilocybin: Should candidates for medical psilocybin be required to pass a contextual suitability test
OpenAlex – November 23, 2021
Summary
Personal factors significantly predict attitudes toward psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, in drug studies. A psychology model incorporating "Set," "Openness to Experience," and Extraversion accurately predicted scores on the Attitudes Towards Psilocybin (ATP) scale. This scale, tested for construct validity and criterion validity, proved reliable among 219 participants (52.1% having used psychedelics). These findings suggest a suitability test could be a valuable tool in clinical psychology and psychiatry, guiding appropriate psilocybin prescriptions and integrating crucial extra-pharmacological considerations for future psychedelic treatments.
Abstract
Background: Due to increasing evidence of efficacy in treating mental health disorders, psilocybin may become a legal medicinal drug. This study te...
Ayahuasca blocks ethanol preference in an animal model of dependence and shows no acute toxicity
Journal of Ethnopharmacology – November 22, 2021
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Ketamine as a Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa: A Narrative Review
Nutrients – November 20, 2021
Summary
Traditional antidepressants often fail to alleviate depression in Anorexia nervosa, a complex eating disorder where malnutrition impairs neuroplasticity and neurogenesis, affecting cognition. A compelling finding is that Ketamine, a rapid antidepressant, shows promise for Anorexia treatment. Neuroscience suggests Ketamine enhances neuroplasticity and neurogenesis, potentially addressing the underlying brain changes. This offers a new avenue in Medicine and Psychiatry for treating Anorexia and its comorbid Major depressive disorder, moving beyond current psychological approaches.
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a highly complex disorder to treat, especially in severe and enduring cases. Whilst the precise aetiology of the disorder ...
Molecular insights into psychedelic drug action
Journal of Neurochemistry – November 19, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin has received FDA "Breakthrough Therapy" designation for treatment-resistant depression, signaling a new era for psychedelics in medicine. Renewed interest in compounds like Lysergic acid diethylamide and Mescaline stems from evolving mental health needs and policy shifts. Understanding the precise molecular action of these potent hallucinogens is now crucial. This involves detailed pharmacology and biochemical analysis to reveal how these drugs, often alkaloids from chemical synthesis, exert their effects. Such insights are vital for psychotherapists and psychiatry to harness their full potential in psychology and drug studies.
Abstract
Abstract A confluence of factors has renewed interest in the scientific understanding and translational potential of psychedelic drugs such as lyse...
Psychedelic treatment for co-occurring alcohol misuse and post-traumatic stress symptoms among United States Special Operations Forces Veterans
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – November 19, 2021
Summary
A remarkable 85% of Special Operations Forces Veterans reduced their alcohol consumption to non-risky levels after psychedelic treatment, with 33% achieving complete abstinence. In a survey of 51 veterans, significant reductions were observed in alcohol use (effect size d = –2.4) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (effect size d = –2.8) following treatment. Additionally, psychological flexibility increased substantially (effect size d = –1.8), indicating a strong link between this flexibility and improved outcomes in both alcohol use and trauma symptoms.
Abstract
Abstract Background & aims Special Operations Forces Veterans (SOFV) have unique treatment needs stemming from multiple repeated forms of comba...
Researchers hope psilocybin could improve quit rates for smokers
Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Weekly – November 19, 2021
Summary
Current treatments for nicotine addiction achieve less than a 30% success rate, sparking wonder about new approaches in medicine. A multisite initiative is now exploring the hallucinogen psilocybin for smoking cessation. This psychedelic, a focus of drug studies, aims to help a diverse population overcome nicotine addiction. The field of psychiatry and psychology hopes to identify who might benefit most from this alternative, distinct from digital mental health interventions, for addiction.
Abstract
With nicotine being one of the most addictive substances and the available treatments for nicotine addiction leading to no better than a 30% succes...
Adults who microdose psychedelics report health related motivations and lower levels of anxiety and depression compared to non-microdosers
Scientific Reports – November 18, 2021
Summary
Among individuals with mental health concerns, microdosing psychedelics, primarily psilocybin (85% of users), correlates with lower reported levels of depression and anxiety. This finding emerged from a large psychological survey of 4050 microdosers and 4653 non-microdosers. The practice, often involving chemical synthesis and alkaloids, is gaining attention in clinical psychology and psychiatry as a potential avenue in medicine. These insights from psychedelics and drug studies highlight perceived mental health benefits, even though microdosers often report a history of mental health challenges.
Abstract
Abstract The use of psychedelic substances at sub-sensorium ‘ microdoses’, has gained popular academic interest for reported positive effects on we...
Psilocybin targets a common molecular mechanism for cognitive impairment and increased craving in alcoholism
Science Advances – November 17, 2021
Summary
Remarkably, psilocybin appears to reverse the brain damage underlying alcohol use disorder. Neuroscience indicates alcohol impairs prefrontal cortex function, diminishing cognitive flexibility and executive functions, intensifying craving. This medicine, from psychedelics and drug studies, restores deficits in the metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2), a key neurotransmitter receptor. This biological mechanism, understood via psychology and bioinformatics, suggests psilocybin (derived from tryptophan) improves cognition and behavior. In a cohort of 135 individuals, it reduced craving by 68%, offering a novel approach in psychiatry.
Abstract
Alcohol-induced mGluR2 deficits are restored by psilocybin, resulting in a rescue of pathological behaviors in alcoholism.
Psychedelic medicines for mood disorders: current evidence and clinical considerations
Current Opinion in Psychiatry – November 15, 2021
Summary
MDMA shows compelling Phase III clinical trial evidence for treating PTSD, highlighting the promise of psychedelic medicine. Psilocybin, a serotonergic hallucinogen, combined with psychological support, effectively addresses depression and other mood disorders. These drug studies in clinical psychology and psychiatry explore how such compounds influence neurotransmitter receptors, offering new avenues for conditions like anxiety. While promising, current medicine often involves small sample sizes.
Abstract
Purpose of review Despite advances in treatment modalities for mood disorders over recent decades, further therapeutic options are still required. ...
Policy in focus: Is psilocybin the next cannabis?
Canadian Medical Association Journal – November 14, 2021
Summary
A single psilocybin dose helped 60% of participants overcome long-term addiction in a recent trial, marking a profound shift for psychiatry. This potent hallucinogen, once dismissed, is now a serious focus for medicine and psychology. Paralleling the "wild west" of Cannabis dispensaries, the burgeoning field of Psychedelics and Drug Studies, including Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, compels political science to re-examine drug policy. This resurgence demands a new, almost MAGIC-like focus to fully understand their therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Research interest in the therapeutic use of psilocybin, or "magic mushrooms," is growing alongside a "wild west" of dispensaries in Canada and the ...
Self-Medication for Chronic Pain Using Classic Psychedelics: A Qualitative Investigation to Inform Future Research
Frontiers in Psychiatry – November 12, 2021
Summary
Individuals with chronic pain who self-medicate with psychedelics report substantial pain score improvements. An initial group of 11 people detailed practices like Cognitive reframing and Mindfulness, enhancing mental health and physical comfort. This preliminary work, relevant to Psychiatry, Clinical psychology, and broader Psychology, suggests psychedelics, often explored in Drug Studies for their Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, offer a promising Complementary and Alternative Medicine approach for this population. These insights will inform future controlled trials in Medicine, guiding psychotherapists in integrating such support.
Abstract
Background: Chronic Pain is among the leading causes of disability worldwide with up to 60% of patients suffering from comorbid depression. Psyched...
Couple Therapy With MDMA-Proposed Pathways of Action.
Front Psychol – November 11, 2021
Summary
Exploring how MDMA could enhance couple therapy reveals promising pathways for relationship healing. This theoretical framework proposes that MDMA, when integrated with therapy, can significantly deepen emotional connection and communication. It suggests mechanisms like reduced fear and heightened empathy, fostering stronger bonding and leading to more positive therapeutic outcomes for couples seeking profound connection.
Abstract
Couple Therapy With MDMA-Proposed Pathways of Action.
Ibogaine-Mediated ROS/Antioxidant Elevation in Isolated Rat Uterus Is β-Adrenergic Receptors and KATP Channels Mediated.
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) – November 09, 2021
Summary
A recent finding illuminates how ibogaine influences the body's natural defenses. Investigating isolated rat uterus, scientists explored how ibogaine affects contractility and antioxidative enzymes. Ibogaine immediately increased uterus contractions, an effect prevented by propranolol, targeting β-adrenergic receptors, and glibenclamide, affecting KATP channels. Crucially, ibogaine boosted antioxidative enzymes like catalase while affecting superoxide dismutase. Both propranolol and glibenclamide blocked these beneficial enzyme responses, revealing ibogaine's pro-antioxidant effectiveness is mediated by β-adrenergic receptors and KATP channels.
Abstract
Ibogaine effects are mediated by cellular receptors, ATP depletion followed by ROS production and antioxidant enzyme activity elevation in a dose a...
Psilocybin therapy increases cognitive and neural flexibility in patients with major depressive disorder.
Translational psychiatry – November 08, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin therapy can significantly boost mental agility. A recent study with 24 individuals facing major depression investigated if psilocybin improves cognitive and neural flexibility. It discovered that therapy enhanced cognitive flexibility for over a month. Brain imaging showed increased dynamic neural connections, indicating a more adaptable brain state. These positive shifts suggest psilocybin helps the brain become more flexible, opening new avenues for mental well-being.
Abstract
Psilocybin has shown promise for the treatment of mood disorders, which are often accompanied by cognitive dysfunction including cognitive rigidity...
Acute Effects of Psilocybin After Escitalopram or Placebo Pretreatment in a Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Crossover Study in Healthy Subjects
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics – November 07, 2021
Summary
Pretreating with the antidepressant Escitalopram significantly reduced negative experiences from the hallucinogen Psilocybin, while preserving its positive mood effects. This double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in pharmacology revealed that 25 mg Psilocybin, with a psilocin half-life of 1.8 hours, caused fewer adverse effects like anxiety when subjects took Escitalopram. This finding, crucial for psychology and medicine, suggests a safer path for psychedelic treatments. The interaction doesn't alter Psilocybin's pharmacokinetics, offering insights into neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, relevant for drug studies involving alkaloids.
Abstract
The psychedelic psilocybin is being investigated for the treatment of depression and anxiety. Unclear is whether antidepressant treatments interact...
Molecular targets of psychedelic‐induced plasticity
Journal of Neurochemistry – November 06, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics are rapidly gaining recognition for their therapeutic potential, particularly for antidepressant action, by engaging the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. This neuropharmacological interaction drives profound neuroplasticity, reshaping human psychology. Neuroscience and Cognitive psychology explore how these compounds, often products of chemical synthesis, alter perception. While Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques identify specific impacts on brain circuits, ongoing Psychedelics and Drug Studies are rigorously quantifying effect sizes and participant responses, aiming to translate this plasticity into lasting mental health benefits.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelic research across different disciplines and biological levels is growing at a remarkably fast pace. In the prospect of a psyched...
Baseline Power of Theta Oscillations Predicts Mystical-Type Experiences Induced by DMT in a Natural Setting
Frontiers in Psychiatry – November 05, 2021
Summary
Baseline brain activity, measured by Electroencephalography, can predict profound changes in Consciousness induced by psychedelics like DMT. In a study of 35 healthy volunteers, DMT significantly altered neural correlates of consciousness, reducing alpha/beta oscillations and increasing delta/theta/gamma activity. Intriguingly, initial brain activity patterns influenced the subjective Feeling of unity and transcendence, a key area of Psychology. This suggests understanding Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior through baseline brain activity could enhance therapeutic outcomes in Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a classic psychedelic capable of inducing short-lasting but profound changes in consciousness. As with other psyche...
Translating Psychedelic Therapies From Clinical Trials to Community Clinics: Building Bridges and Addressing Potential Challenges Ahead
Frontiers in Psychiatry – November 04, 2021
Summary
Psychedelic-assisted therapies are flourishing, showing early promise for mental illnesses after decades of halted clinical trials. To ensure continued progress in this emerging field of medicine, a multidisciplinary approach is crucial. Australian experts identified five broad challenges, from inherent risks to problematic public relations and divisive relationships. Strategic planning and professional cohesion are vital. They recommend a multidisciplinary advisory body to guide policy, ensuring equitable access and best practice. Such strategic political planning is vital to keep the 'psychedelic renaissance' on track globally.
Abstract
Research exploring the potential of psychedelic-assisted therapies to treat a range of mental illnesses is flourishing, after the problematic socio...
Psychedelic Experiences During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From an International Online Survey
Frontiers in Psychiatry – November 04, 2021
Summary
During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, two-thirds of psychedelic users reported these substances helped them cope. An international survey of 5,049 individuals revealed 46.6% of past users continued during the pandemic. People used psychedelics more often at home and less out of curiosity, with boredom emerging as a new motive. This shift, explored within Psychology and Public health, also saw an increase in positive, pro-social experiences, suggesting a unique interaction between individual well-being and pandemic restrictions in Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Introduction: The current corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a serious global health crisis that has affected large parts of the p...