A Comprehensive Review of MDMA and GHB: Two Common Club Drugs
Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy December 1, 2001 Christian J. Teter, Sally K. Guthrie 114 citations
Club drugs like MDMA (Ecstasy) and GHB have become alarmingly popular, with use increasing dramatically from 1997 to 1999. MDMA is an amphetamine analog with sympathomimetic properties, while GHB is a GABA analog with sedative properties. MDMA toxic reactions include tachycardia, sweating, and hyperthermia, with severe cases leading to disseminated intravascular coagulation, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure. Treatment involves lowering body temperature and maintaining hydration. GHB intoxication causes coma, respiratory depression, confusion, amnesia, and vomiting, requiring cardiac and respiratory support. The nonlinear pharmacokinetics of both drugs make dose-response estimation difficult. Health care professionals need familiarity with these substances and treatment options.