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Frank Romanelli

2 papers in the library · 226 citations · publishing 2002-2009

Papers

Club drugs: methylenedioxymethamphetamine, flunitrazepam, ketamine hydrochloride, and gamma-hydroxybutyrate

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy June 1, 2002 Kelly M. Smith, Lisa L. Larive, Frank Romanelli 226 citations

Club drugs such as MDMA (ecstasy), flunitrazepam, ketamine hydrochloride, and gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) are increasingly used by young people in social settings like all-night dance parties. MDMA increases neurotransmitter release, producing euphoria and heightened energy but also causing agitation, anxiety, rapid heart rate, and high blood pressure; severe effects include arrhythmias, hyperthermia, and muscle breakdown. Flunitrazepam, a potent benzodiazepine, can cause loss of muscle control and consciousness at high doses. Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, interacts with NMDA receptors and may lead to confusion, hostility, and cardiovascular or respiratory toxicity. GHB, a fatty acid derivative, can cause amnesia, seizures, coma, and death. Flunitrazepam, ketamine, and GHB have been used to facilitate sexual assault. Supportive care is the main treatment for intoxication.

DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/59.11.1067 Full text MDMA Flunitrazepam Ketamine hydrochloride Pharmacology +3

Dextromethorphan abuse: clinical effects and management.

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA January 1, 2009 Frank Romanelli, Kelly M Smith

Dextromethorphan (DM), a common over-the-counter cough suppressant, is increasingly abused for its dissociative effects, which at high doses (>2 mg/kg) resemble those of ketamine and phencyclidine. Clinical doses produce few adverse effects, but massive ingestions can cause tachycardia, hypertension, and respiratory depression, especially when combined with antihistamines or sympathomimetics. Management is primarily supportive, and naloxone's effectiveness for DM toxicity is conflicting. Clinicians and pharmacists should be aware of DM's abuse potential.

DOI: 10.1331/japha.2009.08091 Full text