Generation Z: Adolescent Xenobiotic Abuse in the 21st Century.
Adolescent medicine: state of the art reviews December 1, 2015 W. Eggleston, C. Stork
NMDA receptor antagonists such as ketamine, PCP, MXE, and DXM produce dissociative effects by blocking glutamate at the NMDA receptor and also affect monoamine neurotransmitters, opioid receptors, and nitric oxide synthase. DXM is the most commonly abused NMDA receptor antagonist among adolescents in the United States. Patients who abuse these substances typically show sympathomimetic and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive, including benzodiazepines, propofol, fluids, antiemetics, aggressive cooling, and respiratory support.