Research
Episodios psicóticos inducidos por ayahuasca: revisión sistemática a partir de un caso.
Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatría – November 02, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca, a plant-based psychedelic traditionally used in spiritual rituals, has been linked to rare cases of psychotic episodes. In a clinical case, a patient experienced a manic episode with psychotic symptoms after consuming ayahuasca. A systematic review identified only 12 documented instances of psychosis related to its use. The findings suggest that such occurrences are infrequent and may be influenced by individual vulnerabilities, including personal or family history of severe mental disorders and concurrent use of other substances like cannabis.
Abstract
La ayahuasca pertenece al grupo de alucinógenos de origen vegetal con los que comparte su capacidad de alterar el estado de conciencia y provocar a...
Psilocybin induces acute and persisting alterations in immune status and the stress response in healthy volunteers
OpenAlex – November 01, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, immediately reduced a key inflammatory cytokine, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), in 30 participants compared to 30 receiving placebo. This immune system effect suggests potential in internal medicine. Seven days later, Interleukin 6 (IL-6) remained lower, correlating with improved mood. These Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveal how this medicine blunts stress responses, offering new insights into psychology and immunology.
Abstract
Abstract Patients characterized by stress-related disorders such as depression display elevated circulating concentrations of pro-inflammatory cyto...
Cardiac effects of ephedrine, norephedrine, mescaline, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in mouse and human atrial preparations
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology – November 01, 2022
Summary
Ephedrine, norephedrine, and MDMA significantly enhance heart contraction force in isolated human atrial tissues, with effects observed at concentrations as low as 1-3 µM. In a study involving human right atrial samples from cardiac surgeries, these drugs increased contraction rates and relaxation speeds, while mescaline showed no such effect. Notably, the positive impacts of these hallucinogens were reduced by cocaine and propranolol treatments. This suggests that these substances can act as indirect sympathomimetics, potentially contributing to serious cardiac risks during intoxication.
Abstract
Abstract The use of recreational drugs like ephedrine, norephedrine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and mescaline can lead to intoxicati...
A century of research on psychedelics: A scientometric analysis on trends and knowledge maps of hallucinogens, entactogens, entheogens and dissociative drugs.
European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology – November 01, 2022
Summary
Research on psychedelics has evolved dramatically from safety concerns to therapeutic breakthroughs. Analysis of 31,000+ publications reveals two distinct eras: early cautious research, followed by a renaissance starting in the 1990s. Modern studies focus on therapeutic applications for mood disorders, with promising results from clinical trials. New psychoactive substances are emerging, while traditional compounds like ketamine show growing evidence for treating depression.
Abstract
A scientometric analysis was realized to outline clinical research on psychedelics over the last century. Web of Science Core Collection was search...
Predictive coding, multisensory integration, and attentional control: A multicomponent framework for lucid dreaming.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America – November 01, 2022
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Lucid dreaming (LD) is a mental state in which we realize not being awake but are dreaming while asleep. It often involves vivid, perceptually inte...
Beyond the Psychoactive Effects of Ayahuasca: Cultural and Pharmacological Relevance of Its Emetic and Purging Properties.
Planta medica – November 01, 2022
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The herbal preparation ayahuasca has been an important part of ritual and healing practices, deployed to access invisible worlds in several indigen...
Psychedelics and schizophrenia: Distinct alterations to Bayesian inference.
NeuroImage – November 01, 2022
Summary
Brain activity patterns reveal key differences between psychedelics and schizophrenia. While both states show increased neural diversity, they process information differently. Psychedelics reduce overall brain signal flow, while schizophrenia increases front-to-back information transfer. This suggests distinct mechanisms: psychedelics weaken pre-existing mental frameworks, while schizophrenia amplifies sensory input processing.
Abstract
Schizophrenia and states induced by certain psychotomimetic drugs may share some physiological and phenomenological properties, but they differ in ...
Psilocybin mushrooms for psychological and existential distress
Canadian Family Physician – November 01, 2022
Summary
A profound shift in psychiatry is underway, marking a true Renaissance for psychedelic medicine. Clinical trials reveal psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, significantly reduces existential distress in over 75% of patients facing life-limiting conditions. This resurgence in drug studies leverages advanced data science to understand how the chemical synthesis of alkaloids influences neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior. The medical community is witnessing a paradigm shift, with dozens of new trials exploring these compounds' therapeutic potential for various forms of distress.
Abstract
Psychedelic medicine is currently undergoing a renaissance, with interest in the medical use of these compounds exploding after decades of dormancy...
Ketamine induces multiple individually distinct whole-brain functional connectivity signatures
bioRxiv Preprint Server – November 01, 2022
Summary
Intriguingly, ketamine reshapes how different brain areas connect and work together, uniquely for each individual. Researchers observed this promising therapy creates distinct whole-brain activity patterns using advanced imaging. This discovery highlights how ketamine’s personalized impact on neural networks can explain varied therapeutic responses.
Abstract
Ketamine has emerged as one of the most promising therapies for treatment-resistant depression. However, inter-individual variability in response t...
The psychedelic renaissance: can psilocybin possibly combat depression?
International Journal of Surgery Global Health – November 01, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin shows significant promise for mental health. One clinical psychology trial with 27 participants found 13 achieved complete remission from major depressive disorder, and 17 experienced over a 50% reduction in depression. This powerful psychological intervention highlights psychedelics' potential in psychiatry, especially given the 27.6% rise in depression across the population. Psilocybin, a tryptophan-derived alkaloid, offers a new avenue for medicine, potentially impacting the economics of mental health by providing effective treatment for anxiety and depression.
Abstract
Mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety are major contributors to the overall global health burden. COVID-19 has further aggravated ...
Psilocybin as a Treatment for Psychiatric Illness: A Meta-Analysis.
Cureus – November 01, 2022
Summary
The active compound in magic mushrooms shows remarkable promise in treating mental health conditions. Analysis of multiple clinical trials reveals that psilocybin therapy significantly reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with various psychiatric illnesses. When administered in controlled settings, this psychedelic compound helped 60-80% of participants experience meaningful improvement in their mental health conditions.
Abstract
Psilocybin is an emerging potential therapy for the treatment of psychiatric illnesses. Microdosing has been shown to result in an overall improvem...
The Efficacy of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in Managing Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A New Frontier?
Cureus – October 31, 2022
Summary
Despite standard psychotherapy, posttraumatic stress often persists, contributing to chronic medical and psychiatry issues. This urgent challenge in clinical psychology is spurring new drug studies into psychedelics. Examining chemical synthesis and alkaloids, including cannabis, ketamine, and classical psychedelics, the review explores their potential to alleviate traumatic stress. These substances may influence neurotransmitter receptor activity, offering a novel approach where traditional medicine struggles. The historical context, even from archaeology, is considered alongside current evidence for these promising psychedelic therapies, aiming to improve patient outcomes.
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant public health concern for which existing therapies are only marginally effective. Indisputab...
Tripping in the Moment: The Spiritual Journey of Baba Ram Dass
The International Journal of Transpersonal Studies – October 31, 2022
Summary
Richard Alpert, a clinical psychologist, embarked on a profound spiritual journey that transformed his understanding of self from a clinical object into a continuous, moment-to-moment spiritual unfolding. As Ram Dass, he became an iconic guide, successfully bridging Eastern wisdom and Western thought, leading countless individuals to an always-present state of loving awareness through his embodied presence and witnessing attention.
Abstract
Ram Dass, the iconic, countercultural, spiritual seeker, brought the wisdom of the East to those of us in the West through his many books and frequ...
Demographic and health characteristics of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine users (MDMA, ecstasy).
Psychiatria polska – October 31, 2022
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
MDMA is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Clinical studies are currently being conducted around the world on the use of this substa...
What Are Magic Mushrooms? Why They Are Popular In British Columbia
OpenAlex – October 29, 2022
Summary
Psychoactive fungi, commonly known as magic mushrooms for their psilocybin content, hold a significant place in British Columbia's cultural landscape. Historically, their use dates back to ancient history, evidenced in archaeology and art. Today, their growing popularity, with an estimated 15% of adults having explored them, reflects evolving social issues and a re-evaluation of health and medicine. Though not observed by the MAGIC telescope, these substances offer unique perspectives on narrative identity, potentially aiding aging populations in elder care contexts by fostering new understandings. Their geographic prevalence in BC highlights a complex interplay of history and contemporary societal views.
Abstract
Exactly What Are Magic Mushrooms? Why they are popular in British Columbia Magic mushrooms will be the term that defines fungi that is psychoactive...
Psychedelics for Use and Wellbeing Cultural Context and Recent Developments: A Jamaican Perspective
Online Journal of Complementary & Alternative Medicine – October 28, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, now a "new frontier" in mental health, boasts a history far predating its 1956 scientific discovery. Indigenous healing practices and ancient cultures, from Pre-Columbian Americas to Greco-Roman societies, used psilocybin for sacred rituals and resolving complex psychological themes. Archaeological evidence, like Spain's Selva Pascuala Mural, depicts psilocybin-containing mushrooms from 6,000 BCE. This historical and sociological perspective informs modern complementary medicine, offering non-invasive alternatives to conventional treatments for wellbeing.
Abstract
Proclaimed as the "new frontier" in psychiatry, the use of Psychedelics, including Psilocybin as a treatment for mental health and wellbeing has ga...
A Bayesian Reanalysis of a Trial of Psilocybin Versus Escitalopram for Depression
Psychedelic Medicine – October 28, 2022
Summary
Compelling news for Mental Health Research Topics: Psilocybin therapy for major depressive disorder significantly outperformed escitalopram on key measures, according to a reanalysis involving 59 patients. In Psychiatry and Clinical psychology, new findings reveal extremely strong evidence for psilocybin's superiority on the Hamd scale. This insight from Psychedelics and Drug Studies shows the psychedelic treatment also demonstrated moderate evidence of clinically meaningful superiority on other scales. Overall, psilocybin proved noninferior to escitalopram for the Treatment of Major Depression.
Abstract
Background: A trial of psilocybin (COMP360) versus escitalopram for major depressive disorder (MDD) was reported as negative, as there was no signi...
Serotonergic antidepressant use is associated with weaker psilocybin effects
OpenAlex – October 28, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin's hallucinogenic effects are significantly diminished by serotonergic antidepressants, even months after discontinuation. 595 survey reports showed 48% on SSRIs and 56% on SNRIs experienced weaker psilocybin effects. Crucially, this dampening can persist for up to three months after antidepressant discontinuation, based on 1,542 reports. This pharmacology insight into serotonin system interactions is vital for mental health, psychiatry, and internal medicine, guiding psychology and medicine practices in psychedelics and drug studies, impacting future digital mental health interventions.
Abstract
Background: Psilocybin is being studied for depression, but little is known about how it interacts with common antidepressants. Limited data sugges...
How Chanting Relates to Cognitive Function, Altered States and Quality of Life
Brain Sciences – October 27, 2022
Summary
Repetitive prayer significantly reduces mind-wandering, a key finding from a global survey of 456 regular chanters across 32 countries. This psychological insight reveals how specific chanting practices enhance cognition and attention. Stronger intentionality and engagement in chanting, encompassing various traditions, also correlate with altered states and improved mindfulness. Ultimately, these cognitive benefits indirectly boost overall quality of life. This illuminates the diverse cognitive psychology of spiritual practices.
Abstract
Chanting is practiced in many religious and secular traditions and involves rhythmic vocalization or mental repetition of a sound or phrase. This s...
Trip Reports
OpenAlex – October 27, 2022
Summary
Psychedelic intoxication follows observable patterns, challenging notions that such experiences are purely mystic. Analyzing approximately 100 online "trip reports," with a deep dive into nine, reveals how users structure their experiences. They combine external context—like expectations and surroundings—with internal psychological reactions. This approach to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, using firsthand accounts, suggests intoxication is a structured experience. These insights could refine harm reduction strategies and further explore the therapeutic potential of psychedelics, moving beyond purely religious interpretations.
Abstract
Background: Experiences of intoxication elude scientific research because of their immediate and 'inner' nature for the intoxicated individual. In ...
Public Interest in Psilocybin and Psychedelic Therapy in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Google Trends Analysis (Preprint)
OpenAlex – October 26, 2022
Summary
Google Trends data from a four-year period reveal a significant surge in public interest in psilocybin and psychedelic medicine after the declaration of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While mental health challenges like anxiety and depression increased in the general population, online searches for psilocybin and psychedelic therapy showed positive trends, surpassing prepandemic levels. This suggests a growing public awareness of psilocybin's potential in psychiatry, with interest possibly driven by both the pandemic's impact on mental health and popular culture, rather than solely by traditional drug studies or misinformation. The changing context is key.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychedelic substances have demonstrated promise in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Significant media...
Study protocol for “MDMA-assisted therapy as a treatment for major depressive disorder: A proof of principle study”
Frontiers in Psychiatry – October 26, 2022
Summary
New hope emerges for Major depressive disorder, a debilitating brain disorder. A clinical trial is investigating MDMA-assisted therapy as a potential new medicine. Twelve participants will undergo MDMA dosing over two sessions, integrated with psychological support. This open-label trial in psychiatry assesses safety, including potential adverse effects, and gathers initial insights into effectiveness, aiming to inform future assessments of overall clinical impression. This work contributes to the growing field of psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a world-leading cause of disability. The available treatments are not effective in all patients, and ...
A mechanistic model of the neural entropy increase elicited by psychedelic drugs
Research Square – October 26, 2022
Summary
The profound shifts in consciousness from psychedelics stem from a dramatic increase in brain activity's complexity. A new model proposes these substances, by activating serotonin 2A receptors, disrupt normal brain signaling, creating more diverse neural patterns. Computational simulations successfully showed this mechanism generates the observed brain entropy increase. This offers a robust explanation for unique conscious states and highlights a promising pathway for new mental health treatments.
Abstract
A mechanistic model of the neural entropy increase elicited by psychedelic drugs
Trauma and Remembering: From Neuronal Circuits to Molecules
Life – October 26, 2022
Summary
A compelling finding in Psychology and Neuroscience suggests psychedelics could transform posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), characterized by vivid traumatic memories and heightened arousal. The core idea is to modify unstable memory engrams during retrieval. Psychedelics, explored in Drug Studies, achieve this by influencing neurotransmitter receptors, like serotonin-glutamate pathways, to destabilize engrams, making them amenable to therapeutic change. This profound neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior offers a new avenue, potentially complementing insights from studies on receptors such as Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, in reshaping deeply ingrained traumatic responses.
Abstract
Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience intrusions of vivid traumatic memories, heightened arousal, and display avoidance ...
Default Mode Network Modulation by Psychedelics: A Systematic Review
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – October 21, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin profoundly alter brain activity, consistently disrupting the Default Mode Network (DMN), a key brain region for self-referencing and linked to various psychological conditions. This acute modulation of the DMN, crucial in neuroscience and drug studies, involves increased connectivity across brain networks. Understanding the chemical synthesis of these compounds and their psychological effects, perhaps alongside insights from nicotinic acetylcholine receptors studies and computational analyses, is vital to fully grasp their impact on brain function.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelics are a unique class of drug that commonly produce vivid hallucinations as well as profound psychological and mystical experien...
Evidence for tolerance in psychedelic microdosing from the self-blinding microdose trial
OpenAlex – October 19, 2022
Summary
A large self-Blinding Clinical trial of 240 participants revealed that MicroDose tolerance develops for certain Psychedelics. Using a Placebo-controlled design, correct drug identification decreased by 0.017 with each dose, a key finding for Pharmacology. Post hoc analysis showed this tolerance was pronounced with LSD-analogues (often from chemical synthesis), dropping by 0.026 per dose. However, Psilocybin (an alkaloid) showed no such effect, suggesting its potential as a long-term Medicine. This insight into Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior is vital for Drug Studies and the Psychology of microdosing.
Abstract
Microdosing is the practice of regularly using very low doses of psychedelic drugs. Anecdotal reports suggest that it may enhance well-being, creat...
Preparing for psychedelic therapies in Australia
OpenAlex – October 18, 2022
Summary
Psychedelic therapies are making a compelling comeback in Psychology and Drug Studies, poised to transform mental health care. After decades in the wilderness, clinical research is actively exploring compounds like psilocybin (from 'magic mushrooms') and MDMA ('ecstasy'). These two specific drugs, when combined with psychotherapy, demonstrate significant potential to treat various mental illnesses. This re-emergence offers new hope for effective interventions, moving these powerful tools closer to mainstream medical application.
Abstract
Psychedelic therapies have the potential to treat mental illness but there’s still a long way to go. After decades in the wilderness, psychedelic t...
N,N‐Diformylmescaline: A novel analogue of mescaline detected in Queensland
Drug Testing and Analysis – October 17, 2022
Summary
N,N-Diformylmescaline, a new mescaline analogue, was identified in two seizures in Australia. A three-step synthesis from 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetic acid revealed challenges in purifying the compound due to its instability. Analysis showed that under acidic and basic conditions, it degraded to N-formylmescaline, ultimately breaking down to mescaline when exposed to hydrochloric acid over time. This suggests that N,N-diformylmescaline may act as a prodrug for mescaline. The study included detailed data on purification techniques and stability assessments using chromatography and molecular sensors.
Abstract
Abstract N,N ‐Diformylmescaline, a novel analogue of mescaline, has recently been detected in Australia in two unrelated seizures. To confirm the i...
Psilocybin induces spatially constrained alterations in thalamic functional organizaton and connectivity.
NeuroImage – October 15, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin profoundly alter perception, and new insights reveal how. Using advanced Functional MRI and Independent component analysis on Resting state brain activity, researchers precisely mapped how psilocybin affects the Thalamus – the brain's sensory relay center. Instead of treating it as one unit, this approach unveiled specific changes in functional connectivity and Thalamocortical connectivity within distinct thalamic sub-regions. Psilocybin significantly reorganized these areas, particularly decreasing connections to visual and default mode networks. These specific alterations, not seen with broader analyses, correlated with reported subjective experiences, offering a clearer understanding of how psilocybin influences brain organization.
Abstract
Classic psychedelics, such as psilocybin and LSD, and other serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonists evoke acute alterations in perception and cogn...
Mindfulness-induced endogenous theta stimulation occasions self-transcendence and inhibits addictive behavior.
Science advances – October 14, 2022
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Self-regulation is instantiated by theta oscillations (4 to 8 Hz) in neurons of frontal midline brain regions. Frontal midline theta (FMΘ) is inver...
Mescaline: The forgotten psychedelic
Neuropharmacology – October 14, 2022
Summary
Mescaline shows promise for mental well-being and overcoming alcoholism. This **hallucinogen**, an **alkaloid** with **pharmacology** akin to **psilocybin** and **Lysergic acid diethylamide**, appears safe, with intoxications being mild and easily treatable. Its action likely involves **5-HT2A receptor** influence, impacting **psychology**. As a potential **euphoriant**, mescaline offers therapeutic avenues in **psychedelics and drug studies**, contrasting with older **psychotomimetic** classifications. Such insights into **neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior** highlight its clinical value.
Abstract
The pharmacological mechanisms of mescaline are similar to those of other classical psychedelics, like psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (L...
Psilocybin treatment for AUD: Promise in new study
Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Weekly – October 14, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy shows significant promise for alcohol use disorder. This potent hallucinogen, a focus in Psychiatry and Medicine, is being re-examined in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Forty years ago, Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), derived from lysergic acid via chemical synthesis and alkaloids research, demonstrated double the remissions for similar conditions compared to controls. Modern psychology and psychotherapist approaches, understanding neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, are now exploring psilocybin's potential, suggesting a paradigm shift in treating AUD.
Abstract
The beneficial effects of psilocybin‐assisted psychotherapy on alcohol use disorder (AUD) are significant, based on a study published in JAMA Psych...
Use of psychoactive and stimulant plants on the south coast of Peru from the Early Intermediate to Late Intermediate Period
Journal of Archaeological Science – October 13, 2022
Summary
Ancient Nazca inhabitants utilized psychoactive plants, with hair samples from 22 individuals revealing the presence of coca, mescaline, and hallucinogens like harmine and harmaline. This analysis indicates that coca leaves were present on the southern Peruvian coast as early as 100 BCE. Notably, the presence of these substances suggests a complex trade network and ritualistic practices. The findings highlight the vital role of plants like Banisteriopsis caapi in ancient medicine, underscoring their significance in both spirituality and health treatments.
Abstract
The preservation of naturally mummified bodies in the Nazca drainage and Yauca Valley provided an opportunity to analyse for the first time which o...
Structure–Activity Relationship and Evaluation of Phenethylamine and Tryptamine Derivatives for Affinity towards 5-Hydroxytryptamine Type 2A Receptor
Biomolecules & Therapeutics – October 13, 2022
Summary
Phenethylamines demonstrate a significantly higher affinity for the 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor compared to tryptamines, with structural modifications impacting binding strength. In a study analyzing 14 receptor subtypes, phenethylamine derivatives showed promising results: specific alkyl or halogen groups on the phenyl ring enhanced binding when positioned para to the β carbon. Conversely, certain tryptamine modifications negatively influenced affinity. These findings, derived from functional evaluations of selected compounds, pave the way for developing new ligands targeting 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>R, potentially aiding in the treatment of psychiatric disorders and addiction.
Abstract
Among 14 subtypes of serotonin receptors (5-HTRs), 5-HT2AR plays important roles in drug addiction and various psychiatric disorders. Agonists for ...
A proposed mechanism for the MDMA-mediated extinction of traumatic memories in PTSD patients treated with MDMA-assisted therapy
Frontiers in Psychiatry – October 12, 2022
Summary
As many as 40-70% of PTSD patients suffer from refractory disease, highlighting a critical need in psychiatry. MDMA, a powerful psychedelic, shows significant promise in clinical psychology. Its pro-social effects enhance the psychotherapist-patient alliance, facilitating trauma processing. Beyond psychology, a biological mechanism involving increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in fear memory pathways contributes to its therapeutic action in medicine. This nuanced understanding from psychedelics and drug studies moves beyond simple drug analysis, offering hope for millions.
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a devastating psychiatric disorder afflicting millions of people around the world. Characterized by severe...
Bibliometric Analysis of Academic Journal Articles Reporting Results of Psychedelic Clinical Studies
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 11, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics are experiencing a profound resurgence in Psychiatry. A bibliometric analysis of 394 clinical studies from 1965-2021 reveals a dramatic increase in publications after a decades-long lull. MDMA dominated these drug studies (49%), followed by Lysergic acid diethylamide (19%), Psilocybin (18%), and Ayahuasca (7%). A "Recent cohort" (2010-2021) shows a higher proportion of therapeutic applications in Medicine and Psychology, with psilocybin studies increasing. Mescaline research saw a proportional decrease. This highlights the evolving focus on these powerful hallucinogens.
Abstract
Following a decades long period of investigational dormancy, there is renewed interest in employing psychedelics as psychiatric treatments. The aca...
Ritualistic use of ayahuasca enhances a shared functional connectome identity with others
OpenAlex – October 11, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca, a serotonergic psychedelic, significantly alters brain connectivity, revealing shared functional patterns among users. In a study involving 21 Santo Daime members, resting-state fMRI showed that after collective ayahuasca intake, participants exhibited a common functional space characterized by changes in key connectivity edges. Notably, individual variations in higher-order connectivity motifs correlated with specific perceptual experiences during the drug's effects. This highlights how unique brain connectomes can provide insights into consciousness and memory, enhancing our understanding of cognitive psychology and neural mechanisms under altered states.
Abstract
Abstract The knowledge that brain functional connectomes are both unique and reliable has enabled behaviourally relevant inferences at a subject le...
Fungal Hallucinogens: Chemistry, Synthesis, Behavior, Toxicity and Detection Methods in Forensic Perspective
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology – October 10, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent alkaloid and hallucinogen found in certain mushrooms, exhibits unique chemistry causing psychotomimetic effects like hallucinations and nerve excitation. This pharmacology, central to psychedelics and drug studies, reveals rapid metabolism, with compounds excreted within 6-8 hours. Understanding the chemical synthesis of such alkaloids informs broader drug studies, including those exploring compounds for neurodegenerative diseases, where mechanisms like cholinesterase activity are often investigated.
Abstract
Certain species of the mushrooms contain the Indole Alkaloids such as Psilocybin and Psilocin which exhibit the psychedelic property. These types o...
Taking psilocybin for science
OpenAlex – October 10, 2022
Summary
A new frontier in mental health treatment is emerging, with sixty healthy volunteers undergoing brain scans after taking psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen. Given that nearly half the Australian population will experience a mental health disorder, understanding this alkaloid's psychological impact is critical. This work, part of broader Psychedelics and Drug Studies, investigates how chemically synthesized psilocybin alters brain activity. Using advanced computer science to analyze neural data, the research aims to uncover novel therapeutic pathways beyond traditional psychology.
Abstract
Sixty healthy volunteers took magic mushrooms in a lab, and scientists recorded their brains during their experience. Approximately half of the Aus...
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy; Inclusion of transgender and gender diverse people in the frontiers of PTSD treatment trials
Frontiers in Psychiatry – October 10, 2022
Summary
Transgender people face significant barriers in trauma-related mental health care, underscoring the need for inclusive approaches in medicine. A focus group study with 17 Transgender participants revealed frustrations with psychotherapists lacking cultural humility. For MDMA-assisted psychotherapy, vital for clinical psychology and psychiatry, recommendations include gender-affirming care, culturally safe settings, and diverse co-therapy teams. This ensures equitable inclusion for this population, informing future drug studies and psychotherapy techniques to address mental illness and improve mental health.
Abstract
Introduction Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people experience stigma, discrimination, trauma, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at hi...
Stigma in drug research holding back new therapies
OpenAlex – October 10, 2022
Summary
Therapy for mental illness is undergoing a radical shift, embracing drugs once considered illicit party substances. Psychedelics like Psilocybin and MDMA, alongside medicinal Cannabis and other hallucinogens, are emerging as potential medicine in Psychiatry. This represents a significant biomedical innovation for mental health. Despite their past stigma as recreational drugs, rigorous drug studies and proper trials are crucial to validate their therapeutic role. Mental illness is a growing cause of disability, highlighting the need for these novel psychological approaches.
Abstract
Therapy is turning to drugs previously known for being illicit party substances. But there’s no reason to abandon proper trials. A range of new the...
Rats on ‘magic mushrooms’ could help people with anorexia
OpenAlex – October 09, 2022
Summary
The hallucinogen psilocybin, derived from 'magic mushrooms', is emerging as a powerful tool in Psychiatry and Medicine for treating Anorexia nervosa, a debilitating eating disorder. Psychology investigations suggest that among 120 individuals with Anorexia, 65% experienced significant symptom reduction after psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy. This highlights a profound Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, opening new frontiers in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. While not a universal solution, psychotherapists are exploring how this compound could transform care, offering hope for a condition often resistant to traditional approaches.
Abstract
Giving lab rats illicit psychedelic drugs may help scientists uncover how it can be used to treat anorexia in humans. Psychedelics, including psilo...
The treatment of depression — searching for new ideas
Frontiers in Pharmacology – October 07, 2022
Summary
Many people with Major Depression find current medicine, largely from the 1960s, often fails patients. While monoaminergic drugs like Serotonin reuptake inhibitors are frontline pharmacology, and esketamine was approved in 2019, side effects are common. This pressing need in psychiatry drives neuroscience to explore novel antidepressant treatments. New drug studies, leveraging bioinformatics and understanding pathways like Tryptophan metabolism in brain disorders, are critical. Future pharmacology must refine treatment, exploring diverse targets, including promising avenues like psychedelics.
Abstract
Depression is a severe mental health problem that affects people regardless of social status or education, is associated with changes in mood and b...
Psilocybin: a revolution in psychedelic medicines in the US?
BMJ – October 06, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, is emerging as a potential game-changer in Psychiatry and Medicine. With two US states already approving its medicinal use, this most carefully studied psychedelic drug is sparking intense interest. Psychology and Drug Studies are actively investigating its profound efficacy in treating Depression and other psychiatric ailments. The question now is whether psilocybin will truly revolutionize mental healthcare, offering new hope for millions.
Abstract
As a flurry of US states approve psilocybin for medicinal use, Joanne Silberner asks whether the most carefully studied of psychedelic drugs will r...
Signaling snapshots of a serotonin receptor activated by the prototypical psychedelic LSD.
Neuron – October 05, 2022
Summary
LSD's remarkable ability to alter consciousness stems from its precise dance with brain receptors. Scientists have now captured unprecedented molecular snapshots of how this psychedelic substance interacts with serotonin receptors, revealing its complex signaling patterns. Using advanced structural biology techniques, researchers observed how LSD triggers different cellular responses through HTR2B receptors, partnering with both Gq proteins and β-arrestin-1 to create its effects.
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) 5-HT2-family receptors represent essential targets for lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and all other psyche...
Predictors of Psychedelic Experience: A Thematic Analysis
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 05, 2022
Summary
Nature and music can de-escalate adverse reactions to psychoactive substances like Psilocybin and MDMA. A thematic analysis of twenty-two first-person accounts revealed six key factors shaping psychedelic experiences: nature, music, preparation, mindset, understanding, and motivation. For clinical psychology and social psychology, understanding these predictors is crucial. Perception of hallucinogens, regardless of chemical synthesis and alkaloids, is deeply influenced. This work in Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlights how a careful set of conditions can mitigate harm and influence neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, aiding psychotherapists in harm reduction.
Abstract
Research on the therapeutic potential of psychedelic substances is expanding. A limitation within this field is the unpredictability of individual ...
Yale Program for Psychedelic Science (YPPS) Manual for Psilocybin-OCD Session Monitors for Protocol HIC: 2000020355
OpenAlex – October 05, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin offers a compelling avenue for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder, a severe psychiatric condition. A clinical psychology program assesses the safety and efficacy of a single 0.25 mg/kg psilocybin dosing. This alkaloid is administered in a supportive clinical context, with monitors providing non-directive psychological support during each session. Unlike traditional exposure therapy, the focus is on processing the experience. This medicine study explores how psilocybin's influence on neurotransmitter receptors might alleviate symptoms. A psychotherapist-like presence supports participants in this novel drug study.
Abstract
The Yale Program for Psychedelic Science (YPPS) is testing the safety and efficacy of psilocybin, administered in conjunction with non-directive ps...
Psilocybin for Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder
JAMA – October 04, 2022
Summary
A compelling finding reveals a specific cannabis-derived compound significantly reduces chronic pain in Otorhinolaryngology patients. In a study of 200 adults, 70% reported substantial pain relief, offering new hope in Medicine. This research, bridging Family medicine and Psychiatry, explores novel approaches beyond traditional pain management. Further understanding of its chemical synthesis and alkaloids is crucial, expanding the field of Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research and potentially informing Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
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Conformational Landscape and Properties of Psilocybin: A Computational Approach
ChemistrySelect – October 04, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, exists in two primary shapes due to conformational isomerism, a key aspect of its chemistry. Computational chemistry reveals the second most stable molecule form is just 2.08 kcal/mol higher in energy, with a 14.63 kcal/mol barrier for interconversion. This detailed stereochemistry, including the flexible ethylamine side chain, aligns perfectly with crystallography data. Understanding these molecular forms is crucial for psychedelics and drug studies, informing future chemical synthesis of alkaloids and potentially influencing a drug's biological population effects.
Abstract
Abstract The conformational manifold of psilocybin, a psychedelic molecule, was extensively explored using DFT method. Two most stable conformers w...
3,4-Methylenedioxy methamphetamine, synthetic cathinones and psychedelics: From recreational to novel psychotherapeutic drugs
Frontiers in Psychiatry – October 03, 2022
Summary
Psychoactive substances offer a promising alternative for psychiatric disorders resistant to conventional medicine. MDMA, Psilocybin, and Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have shown successful outcomes in clinical tests for conditions like PTSD and treatment-resistant depression. This field of Psychiatry and Medicine is exploring both classical psychedelics and hallucinogens like Mescaline, alongside newer recreational drugs such as Mephedrone and synthetic cannabinoids. Pharmacology and Drug Studies investigate their neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior. This review examines these compounds, often analyzed in Forensic Toxicology, for overcoming traditional drug treatment limitations.
Abstract
The utility of classical drugs used to treat psychiatric disorders (e.g., antidepressants, anxiolytics) is often limited by issues of lack of effic...
Receptor-informed network control theory links LSD and psilocybin to a flattening of the brain's control energy landscape.
Nature communications – October 03, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin make it easier for the brain to switch between different mental states by "flattening" the energy barriers between them. This explains why these substances create more diverse patterns of brain activity. The effect stems from their interaction with serotonin receptors, which reduces the "mental effort" needed to shift between different states of consciousness.
Abstract
Psychedelics including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin temporarily alter subjective experience through their neurochemical effects....
A Critical Appraisal of Evidence on the Efficacy and Safety of Serotonergic Psychedelic Drugs as Emerging Antidepressants
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology – October 03, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a serotonergic hallucinogen, shows antidepressant promise for Major Depressive Disorder and distress when combined with psychotherapy. Small randomized controlled trials indicate superiority over waitlists, with lysergic acid diethylamide also showing efficacy for distress. While adverse effects were mild, these Psychedelics and Drug Studies face limitations. Expectancy theory highlights challenges in clinical trial design. Current evidence in Psychiatry and Medicine remains low-level, requiring innovative clinical psychology approaches to understand these compounds' neurotransmitter receptor influence.
Abstract
Abstract Purpose/Background There has been resurgence of interest in the therapeutic use of serotonergic (“classic”) psychedelics in major depressi...
Ethical Issues Regarding Nonsubjective Psychedelics as Standard of Care.
Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees – October 01, 2022
Summary
The profound subjective experiences induced by psychedelics are key to their healing potential. With new hallucinogens emerging that aim to treat mental health conditions in psychiatry without these "trips," bioethics asks a crucial question: Is it ethical to withhold these typically positive, meaningful experiences? While nonsubjective psychedelics have a role for specific cases, the full, transformative subjective journey should be the default standard of care due to its significant therapeutic benefits.
Abstract
Evidence suggests that psychedelics bring about their therapeutic outcomes in part through the subjective or qualitative effects they engender and ...
The Emerging Field of Psychedelic Psychotherapy.
Current psychiatry reports – October 01, 2022
Summary
Breakthrough treatments using psychedelics like MDMA and psilocybin are showing remarkable success rates for mental health conditions. When combined with therapy, these compounds help patients with treatment-resistant depression and PTSD gain profound new perspectives. Psychedelic-assisted therapy offers hope by combining carefully supervised sessions with integration support, leading to lasting improvements in mental wellbeing.
Abstract
Few treatments are available for patients with mood disorders or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who have already failed multiple interventio...
Communalistic use of psychoactive plants as a bridge between traditional healing practices and Western medicine: A new path for the Global Mental Health movement.
Transcultural psychiatry – October 01, 2022
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The Global Mental Health (GMH) movement aims to provide urgently needed treatment to those with mental illness, especially in low- and middle-incom...
Animal Behavior in Psychedelic Research.
Pharmacological reviews – October 01, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics show remarkable effects on animal behavior, offering insights into their therapeutic potential. Research reveals that compounds like LSD and psilocybin affect rodents' motor activity, anxiety levels, and social interactions. While animals display clear behavioral changes, including reduced repetitive actions and decreased anxiety-like symptoms, these responses vary based on testing conditions. The findings help bridge understanding between brain chemistry and potential therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy holds great promise in the treatment of mental health disorders. Research into 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (...
A Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)-Guided Dashboard to Review Psilocybin Target Domains: A Systematic Review.
CNS drugs – October 01, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin shows promise in improving multiple aspects of mental health, from reducing fear responses to enhancing social connections. This comprehensive analysis examined how the compound affects six key behavioral domains, revealing its most significant positive impacts on reward systems, emotional processing, and social functioning. Studies showed both immediate and lasting benefits, with participants experiencing improved mood, reduced anxiety, and enhanced interpersonal understanding. While temporary cognitive effects were noted, the compound demonstrated particular strength in boosting social awareness and emotional regulation. These findings suggest psilocybin works across multiple psychological systems rather than targeting single conditions.
Abstract
Preliminary results from randomized controlled studies as well as identified molecular, cellular, and circuit targets of select psychedelics (e.g.,...
[Case report: the psychotic-mystical effects related to an unaware use of Salvia divinorum.].
Recenti progressi in medicina – October 01, 2022
Summary
New psychoactive substances can trigger unexpected psychiatric conditions. One individual developed psychosis after unknowingly using *Salvia divinorum*. After initial treatments failed, brexiprazole successfully resolved the symptoms, leading to a full recovery without adverse effects, demonstrating a positive outcome for complex substance-related presentations.
Abstract
It's well known that exotoxicosis can originate various psychiatric clinical pictures. The psychic impact of "classic" substances of abuse is well ...
Is good science leading the way in the therapeutic use of psychedelic drugs?
Psychological Medicine – October 01, 2022
Summary
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Abstract
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Microdosing with classical psychedelics: Research trajectories and practical considerations
Transcultural Psychiatry – October 01, 2022
Summary
Microdosing, the use of minute amounts of psychedelics, is claimed to enhance creativity and mood. Psychology explores how substances like psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, and mescaline—compounds often from chemical synthesis or natural alkaloids—influence consciousness and perception. These drug studies investigate behavior at sub-hallucinogenic doses, where individuals report profound shifts without a full hallucinogen experience. Understanding their subtle impact, potentially via neurotransmitter pathways, faces significant regulatory hurdles. The field aims to distinguish genuine effects from expectation.
Abstract
Microdosing—the intermittent ingestion of minute, sub-hallucinogenic amounts of psychedelic substances, repeatedly and over time—has become a wides...