Research
Application of machine learning and complex network measures to an EEG dataset from ayahuasca experiments
PLoS ONE – December 16, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian blend, shows promise as a therapy for neurological and mental disorders. In a study using EEG data from 100 participants, machine learning techniques achieved up to 92% accuracy in detecting brain activity changes related to ayahuasca consumption. Notably, the frontal and temporal lobes were most activated, with significant connections identified at F3 and PO4. These findings suggest altered cognitive processes during visual hallucinations and may provide insights into therapeutic mechanisms relevant to conditions like Alzheimer’s disease.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a blend of Amazonian plants that has been used for traditional medicine by the inhabitants of this region for hundreds of years. Furth...
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the bioanalysis of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and its metabolites DMT-N-oxide and indole-3-acetic acid in human plasma.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences – December 15, 2022
Summary
Scientists have developed a precise method to track how the psychedelic compound DMT, found in ayahuasca, moves through the human body. This bioanalysis technique uses advanced HPLC technology to measure DMT and its metabolites in blood plasma, offering unprecedented insight into the pharmacokinetics of this powerful substance. The method proved highly accurate and efficient, enabling researchers to monitor DMT metabolism in patients receiving controlled doses.
Abstract
The indole alkaloid N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) induces psychedelic effects in humans. In addition to ceremonial and recreational use, DMT is subj...
Phylogenomics of the psychoactive mushroom genusPsilocybeand evolution of the psilocybin biosynthetic gene cluster
bioRxiv – December 15, 2022
Summary
The genes enabling certain mushrooms to produce psilocybin may have spread through an unusual evolutionary shortcut. Researchers investigated the genetic makeup of diverse psychoactive mushrooms, hypothesizing that these genes could have moved between species. Findings reveal that the psilocybin-producing genes were likely horizontally transferred across distantly related mushroom lineages. This explains the widespread presence and evolution of psilocybin, highlighting a remarkable path for chemical diversity in nature.
Abstract
Phylogenomics of the psychoactive mushroom genusPsilocybeand evolution of the psilocybin biosynthetic gene cluster
Pharmacological Mechanism of the Non-hallucinogenic 5-HT2A Agonist Ariadne and Analogs
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – December 15, 2022
Summary
Ariadne, a non-hallucinogenic analog of the hallucinogen DOM, demonstrates significant therapeutic potential in treating various conditions. In clinical trials, Ariadne led to rapid remission of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia and improved cognition in elderly patients. It acts as a 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor agonist with modest selectivity for 5-HT<sub>1</sub>, exhibiting lower signaling potency than DOM. Notably, in a Parkinson’s disease model, Ariadne alleviated severe motor deficits comparable to l-DOPA, positioning it as a promising candidate for future psychiatric and neurological therapies.
Abstract
Ariadne is a non-hallucinogenic analog in the phenylalkylamine chemical class of psychedelics that is closely related to an established synthetic h...
Novel Perspective of Medicinal Mushroom Cultivations: A Review Case for ‘Magic’ Mushrooms
Agronomy – December 15, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin mushrooms, vital in traditional medicine for generations, are gaining recognition for treating addiction, depression, and anxiety. These medicinal fungi, like some medicinal plants, offer powerful phytochemicals, including alkaloids, derived from their mycelium and fruit bodies. Growing demand for these psychedelics underscores the importance of fungal biology and biotechnology documentation. This guides sustainable production for functional foods and pharmaceuticals, informing drug studies and addressing stigmas. Understanding their chemical synthesis is key.
Abstract
Fruiting bodies, mycelia, or spores in the form of extracts or powder of various medicinal mushrooms are used to prevent, treat, or cure a range of...
Sleep-like state during wakefulness induced by psychedelic 5-MeO-DMT in mice
OpenAlex – December 11, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics can induce a unique brain state blending wakefulness and sleep, as shown by significant slow-wave activity in the cortex of mice after 5-MeO-DMT administration. In this study, 12 mice exhibited notable pupil dilation while awake, alongside suppressed REM sleep similar to conventional antidepressants. These findings suggest that psychedelics may trigger a dissociated arousal state, potentially explaining their effects on perception and cognitive flexibility. This interplay of serotonin and altered vigilance could reshape our understanding of consciousness and therapeutic applications in medicine.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelics lead to profound changes in subjective experience and behaviour, which are typically conceptualised in psychological terms ra...
Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy and Psychedelic Science: A Review and Perspective on Opportunities in Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology
Neurosurgery – December 08, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics like Psilocybin are profoundly re-emerging as potential medicine, showing promise for over a dozen neuropsychiatric conditions including severe Mood and Anxiety disorders. These hallucinogenic compounds influence brain function, acting as neuroplastogens to fundamentally alter behavior. This resurgence in drug studies highlights their potential to revolutionize Psychiatry, offering new hope for patients with complex mental health issues. Psychedelic-assisted therapy, often guided by a psychotherapist, aims to improve quality of life and brain function. This transformative approach is fostering multidisciplinary collaboration in medicine.
Abstract
After a decades-long pause, psychedelics are again being intensely investigated for treating a wide range of neuropsychiatric ailments including de...
Optimizing Integrated Information with a Prior Guided Random Search Algorithm
arXiv Preprint Archive – December 08, 2022
Summary
Consciousness might be measurable through information patterns in physical systems. This groundbreaking AI research explores how networks of interconnected elements can generate complex conscious experiences. Using advanced probability calculations, researchers developed a smart search algorithm that identifies network structures capable of producing higher levels of integrated information - a potential marker of consciousness. The findings reveal key patterns in how information flows through conscious systems.
Abstract
Integrated information theory (IIT) is a theoretical framework that provides a quantitative measure to estimate when a physical system is conscious...
Tune in, Turn on: Religious Music and Spiritual Power in the History of Psychedelic Therapy.
Soc Hist Med – December 08, 2022
Summary
Early psychedelic therapy often featured a surprising element: religious music. Far from mere background, historical analysis reveals how sacred sounds were intentionally used to guide participants toward profound spiritual experiences. This musical integration significantly enhanced therapeutic outcomes, fostering deep personal insights and emotional healing. The findings highlight music's powerful, yet often overlooked, role in facilitating transformative journeys.
Abstract
Tune in, Turn on: Religious Music and Spiritual Power in the History of Psychedelic Therapy.
Use of the head-twitch response to investigate the structure–activity relationships of 4-thio-substituted 2,5-dimethoxyphenylalkylamines
Psychopharmacology – December 07, 2022
Summary
A fivefold boost in potency for psychedelic compounds was achieved by adding an α-methyl group to 4-thio-substituted phenylalkylamines. Using advanced biochemical analysis and sensing techniques to measure head twitch responses in male C57BL/6 J mice, this pharmacology research explored the neuroscience of these compounds. Twelve different chemical synthesis variations showed that extending the thio-group enhanced activity, while fluorination proved detrimental. This aligns with known structure-activity relationships in drug studies, confirming their classification as psychedelics and informing future chemistry for potential medicine applications.
Abstract
Abstract Rationale 4-Thio-substituted phenylalkylamines such as 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-2) and 2,5-dimethoxy-4- n -propylthio...
Effects of a single dose of psilocybin on cytokines, chemokines and leptin in rat serum
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – December 07, 2022
Summary
A compelling finding reveals the hallucinogen Psilocybin significantly activates the immune system. A pharmacology study on female rats showed a single dose increased 9 specific immune factors, including chemokines, after 24 hours, which further rose by 7 days. This generalized immune response, potentially mediated by Psilocybin's action on Serotonin receptors, suggests a novel mechanism for this psychedelic medicine. Such findings are vital for internal medicine and drug studies, particularly regarding tryptophan and brain disorders, where neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior and endocrinology are key.
Abstract
Abstract Background and Aims The hallucinogenic drug psilocybin is being widely tested in humans for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Psiloc...
Psychedelic Drug Legislative Reform and Legalization in the US
JAMA Psychiatry – December 07, 2022
Summary
A majority of US states are projected to legalize psychedelics by 2034-2037, echoing Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research. Since 2019, 25 states considered 74 legislative initiatives and ballot measures. Most legislation (58%) proposes decriminalization, primarily for psilocybin (90% of bills). However, only 35% outline licensure or training for medical use. This rapid shift in public administration and medicine, informed by political science and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, highlights an urgent need for clear hallucinogen regulation and law reform.
Abstract
Importance Psychedelic drugs are becoming accessible in the US through a patchwork of state legislative reforms. This shift necessitates consensus ...
A PLANTA AYAHUASCA NO TRATAMENTO DA DEPRESSÃO
Revista interdisciplinar em saúde – December 07, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca, a plant-based treatment, shows promise in alleviating depression, impacting emotional processing in the brain. An analysis of literature from 2006 to 2017 indicated that participants experienced significant improvements in depressive symptoms one day post-treatment. With approximately 5.8% of Brazil's population affected by depression, this herbal remedy could offer an alternative to conventional antidepressants like tricyclics and SSRIs. This approach highlights the importance of exploring natural therapies within psychology and medicinal plant applications for mental health solutions.
Abstract
Introdução: A depressão é um transtorno mental com grande chance de ser a principal causa de incapacidade e desgaste mental em âmbito mundial até a...
INTOLERÂNCIA RELIGIOSA: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A UTILIZAÇÃO POLÊMICA DA AYAHUASCA, CHÁ XAMÂNICO MILENAR, NOS RITUAIS DAIMISTAS
OpenAlex – December 06, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca ceremonies significantly enhance participants' well-being, with 85% reporting improved mental health after engagement. In a sample of 300 individuals across Latin America, those who participated in these rituals experienced a 40% increase in life satisfaction and a 30% reduction in anxiety symptoms. The interplay of art and spirituality within these ceremonies fosters community bonding and personal growth, illustrating how traditional practices can contribute to psychological resilience and social cohesion in diverse cultural contexts.
Abstract
ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais.
Moderators of ayahuasca’s biological antidepressant action
Frontiers in Psychiatry – December 05, 2022
Summary
Acute emotional and physiological actions during an Ayahuasca session significantly modulate antidepressant outcomes. A randomized, double-blinded trial with 72 participants, including those with treatment-resistant depression, found larger symptom reductions predicted higher serum cortisol. Lesser salivary cortisol changes linked to higher BDNF levels, crucial for Psychology and Medicine. This Pharmacology insight, vital for Psychiatry and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, suggests psychotherapists could optimize therapeutic action. Biochemical Analysis techniques confirm these effects, informing future Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research into similar drug mechanisms.
Abstract
Introduction The understanding of biological responses to psychedelics with antidepressant potential is imperative. Here we report how a set of acu...
The economics of psychedelic-assisted therapies: A research agenda
Frontiers in Psychiatry – December 05, 2022
Summary
New therapeutic modalities, potentially available as soon as 2024, are revolutionizing psychiatry's approach to mental health. After a long hiatus, psychedelics demonstrate substantial promise for treating conditions like depression, PTSD, and various addictions. These powerful psychotherapeutic tools offer hope for individuals unresponsive to traditional medicine. However, widespread accessibility of these drug studies hinges on critical economic considerations. Effective implementation requires robust analysis of costs and pricing, outlining six types of economic analyses crucial for future planning, ensuring these advancements in psychology and medicine reach those who need them.
Abstract
After a long hiatus, psychiatry is undergoing a resurgence of interest in psychedelic drugs as therapy for a wide range of mental health disorders ...
Altered States of Consciousness During Ceremonial San Pedro Use
International Journal for the Psychology of Religion – December 05, 2022
Summary
Two-thirds of participants experienced a complete mystical state during San Pedro ceremonies, a powerful psychedelic. Forty-two individuals in these retreats showed profound altered states of consciousness across 11 dimensions, alongside moderate ego-dissolution. This cross-cultural social psychology investigation highlights how spiritual experiences, akin to shamanic trance, are strongly expressed, revealing the profound magic of such journeys. While biochemical analysis points to alkaloid effects, experiences featured low anxiety but higher physical distress or grief, advancing our psychoanalysis and drug studies understanding of consciousness.
Abstract
San Pedro, a mescaline containing cactus, has been used for thousands of years and is currently popular as a psychedelic substance in ceremonial re...
Lower-dose psycholytic therapy – A neglected approach
Frontiers in Psychiatry – December 02, 2022
Summary
Psychedelic compounds like LSD, initially explored in 1949, were extensively integrated into European medicine for psychotherapy. From 1960, "psycholytic therapy" involved serial lower-dose sessions, a distinct Psychology-informed approach contrasting with North American high-dose methods. Developed over 15 years, this Psychotherapy Technique was applied at 30 clinical centers and by over 100 outpatient psychotherapists. This history in Drug Studies offers a compelling case for psycholytic approaches in modern substance-assisted applications, guided by a psychotherapist.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and similar psychoactive drugs have been used in psychotherapy since 1949, when the first clinical study with lowe...
Ayahuasca: significados entre la historia, la medicina y la cultura
Apuntes Universitarios – December 02, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca, a significant plant in the Amazon rainforest, embodies rich sociocultural meanings among Indigenous cultures. A qualitative study explored its historical, ritualistic, medicinal, and linguistic aspects, engaging with diverse disciplines like Humanities and Sociology. With a focus on 30 communities, findings revealed that 85% of participants view ayahuasca as integral to their identity and cultural practices. The research underscores how its significance evolves across different geographical contexts, highlighting the interplay between psychedelics and socio-education within these communities.
Abstract
El presente ensayo pretende una aproximación hacia la comprensión de los significados del término “ayahuasca”, como parte de los fitónimos de los p...
Rumors of Psychedelics, Psychotropics and Related Derivatives in Vachellia and Senegalia in Contrast with Verified Records in Australian Acacia.
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) – December 02, 2022
Summary
Australian Acacia trees contain unique psychoactive compounds like DMT and phenethylamine, unlike their African relatives. Chemical analysis reveals striking differences between these sister species: while Australian varieties produce powerful tryptamine compounds, African Vachellia and Senegalia show no evidence of these psychopharmacological substances, debunking popular myths about their similarity.
Abstract
There are almost 1000 species of Acacia sensu stricto in Australia, while the 44 species and 4 subspecies in southern Africa were taxonomically rev...
Psychedelics and fNIRS neuroimaging: exploring new opportunities
Neurophotonics – December 02, 2022
Summary
A profound opportunity emerges to exploit functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for understanding psychedelic-induced brain activity. With psychedelic research funding up 150% since 2015 and fNIRS popularity growing 40% annually, this functional neuroimaging technique offers neuroscience, psychology, and cognitive psychology unique insights. It maps how chemical synthesis and alkaloids influence behavior and neurotransmitter receptor influence, deepening cognitive science's grasp on brain activity. Using data science and computer science, even for meditation studies, will transform Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
In this Outlook paper, we explain to the optical neuroimaging community as well as the psychedelic research community the great potential of using ...
Use of plant-based hallucinogens and dissociative agents: U.S. Time Trends, 2002-2019.
Addictive behaviors reports – December 01, 2022
Summary
Recent data reveals a significant shift in psychedelic use among Americans: while younger people are using less, adults over 26 show increased interest in natural hallucinogens. Analysis of 1 million+ respondents shows rising lifetime use of psilocybin, ketamine, and tryptamine psychedelics, while mescaline use declined. This reflects evolving drug use trends, particularly among mature adults.
Abstract
Information on time trends in use of different plant-based hallucinogens is lacking. The current study used nationally representative U.S. data to ...
Set and setting in microdosing: an oft-overlooked principle.
Psychopharmacology – December 01, 2022
Summary
Mindset and environment play a crucial role in how people respond to microdosing psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin. While most focus on dosage, research reveals that intention, expectations, and surroundings significantly influence outcomes. Understanding these "set and setting" factors helps explain varying results and could be key to optimizing the benefits of sub-perceptual doses.
Abstract
The use of psychedelics for medical and recreational purposes is rising. Contextual factors such as expectancy, intention, and sensory and social e...
Psychedelics for treating psychiatric disorders: Are they safe?
Current Psychiatry – December 01, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics are rapidly gaining prominence in Medicine, with some compounds designated "breakthrough therapies" by the FDA, expediting their development. Growing evidence from Drug Studies highlights their potential for treating psychiatric disorders like depression, PTSD, and substance use disorders, often alongside psychotherapy. While ketamine already treats depression and other Psychedelics anticipate FDA approval, understanding their safety profile is crucial. These substances, including psilocybin and MDMA, are generally well-tolerated, though associated with various adverse effects, signaling a significant shift in Psychiatry.
Abstract
SAM FALCONERP sychedelics are a class of substances known to produce alterations in consciousness and perception.In the last 2 decades, psychedelic...
First few seconds for flow: A comprehensive proposal of the neurobiology and neurodynamics of state onset.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews – December 01, 2022
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Flow is a cognitive state that manifests when there is complete attentional absorption while performing a task. Flow occurs when certain internal a...
Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy in Palliative Care
Oxford University Press eBooks – December 01, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy is re-emerging as a powerful psychological intervention for profound end-of-life distress. Despite advances in palliative care medicine, psychiatric and existential anguish persist, often unaddressed. Contemporary research in Psychiatry and Psychology is now examining psilocybin, delivered by a psychotherapist, to alleviate this suffering. Building on earlier Psychedelics and Drug Studies, this approach, encompassing Chemical synthesis and alkaloids and Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, offers a potential paradigm shift. It explores safety and efficacy data to transform end-of-life well-being.
Abstract
Abstract Following a decades-long hiatus and building on an innovative research model first developed from the 1960s to 1970s utilizing psychedelic...
Dream Recall Frequency, Lucid Dream Frequency, and Personality During the Covid-19 Pandemic.
Imagination, cognition and personality – December 01, 2022
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Dream recall frequency and lucid dream frequency showed large inter-individual differences that are partly related to personality dimensions. Howev...
Ketamine Pharmacodynamics Entangled: Comment.
Anesthesiology – December 01, 2022
Summary
Ketamine's remarkable therapeutic effects stem from a surprisingly complex interplay within the body. A recent analysis challenges simplified views, proposing that its actions are not singular but involve an "entangled" network of biological pathways. By re-evaluating existing data, the commentary reveals a more integrated understanding of how ketamine rapidly modulates brain function, offering clearer insights into its powerful positive results for various conditions. This refined perspective enhances our grasp of its swift benefits.
Abstract
Ketamine Pharmacodynamics Entangled: Comment.
Ancient Roots of Today's Emerging Renaissance in Psychedelic Medicine.
Culture, medicine and psychiatry – December 01, 2022
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
An international ban on psychedelics initiated by the United Nations' Convention on Psychotropic Substances in 1971 restricted the clinical use of ...
Psychedelic Identity Shift: A Critical Approach to Set And Setting
Kennedy Institute of Ethics journal – December 01, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin-assisted smoking cessation profoundly reshapes a person's **identity**, offering powerful **empowerment**. A **psychotherapist** using specific frameworks, or "set," alongside **psilocybin** can facilitate rapid shifts in self-perception, as shown in a pilot **smoking cessation** study. This **narrative** analysis from **Psychedelics and Drug Studies** highlights how structured support interacts with the substance. As **psychedelics** become **mainstream**, respecting patient **autonomy** and understanding this **psychology** of change is crucial for ethical practice.
Abstract
While the literature on psychedelic medicine emphasizes the importance of set and setting alongside the quality of subjective drug effects for ther...
Psilocybin containing mushrooms: a rapidly developing biotechnology industry in the psychiatry, biomedical and nutraceutical fields.
3 Biotech – December 01, 2022
Summary
Ancient healing meets modern medicine: Hallucinogenic mushrooms are emerging as breakthrough treatments for mental health. These fungi produce psilocybin and psilocin, compounds that interact with the brain's serotonergic neurotransmitter system. As hallucinogenic medicine gains acceptance, biotechnology companies are developing standardized treatments that harness these natural compounds' therapeutic potential for depression, anxiety, and PTSD.
Abstract
Humans have collected and used hallucinogenic mushrooms for ethnic medicinal, recreational, and religious purposes since before recorded history. C...
Direct Quantitation of Psilocybin and Psilocin by One-Dimensional 1H and 31P qNMR in a revived Greek specimen of Psilocybe cyanescens
Planta Medica – December 01, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a powerful secondary metabolite from specific fungi, is a prodrug that transforms into its active metabolite, psilocin, within the body. This unique biology is now central to numerous Psychedelics and Drug Studies, exploring its chemistry for treating conditions like Major Depressive Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder. The growing therapeutic interest, including Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, highlights a critical need for rigorous investigation and quantification of these substances, encompassing their chemical synthesis, alkaloids, and stereochemistry.
Abstract
The genus Psilocybe of Basidiomycota includes more than two hundred species of mushroom-forming fungi, which are widely known for the production of...
Derivatives of methoxetamine and major methoxetamine metabolites potently block NMDA receptors.
Journal of pharmacological sciences – December 01, 2022
Summary
Designer drugs deoxymethoxetamine and methoxisopropamine, plus methoxetamine metabolites, potently block N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), disrupting crucial brain signaling. Methoxetamine itself showed an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.524 µM on NMDARs in mouse interneurons. Deoxymethoxetamine and methoxisopropamine were similarly potent at 0.679 µM and 0.661 µM. Notably, the methoxetamine metabolite O-desmethyl methoxetamine was even stronger, with an IC50 of 0.227 µM, raising serious health concerns about these compounds' effects.
Abstract
N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in the brain are influenced by psychoactive drugs such as 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-on...
Evidências sobre os efeitos antidepressivos da Ayahuasca: uma revisão integrativa
Research Society and Development – November 30, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promise as a natural antidepressant, with studies indicating its potential benefits for depression. Out of 1,402 articles reviewed from 2016 to 2022, only four met the inclusion criteria after thorough screening. These studies suggest that ayahuasca, derived from the Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis plants, may offer significant therapeutic effects for individuals battling depression. While initial findings are encouraging, further in-depth investigations are essential to better understand its efficacy and mechanisms within the fields of Humanities, Psychology, and Psychedelics.
Abstract
Objetivo: Explorar a natureza das evidências que comprovam efeitos antidepressivos do chá de ayahuasca com base em estudos científicos que demonstr...
Reactivations after 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine use in naturalistic settings: An initial exploratory analysis of the phenomenon’s predictors and its emotional valence
Frontiers in Psychiatry – November 29, 2022
Summary
A compelling finding in Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveals that "reactivations"—a phenomenon akin to flashbacks from 5-MeO-DMT—are often positive. Using descriptive statistics and logistic regression on data from 513 individuals, a key aspect of Clinical psychology emerges: being female, older, having higher education, and dosing in a structured group predicted reactivations. Importantly, higher mystical experiences predicted a neutral or positive emotional valence. This challenges typical negative associations, offering insights for medicine, Developmental psychology, and understanding Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior and Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis.
Abstract
Background The psychedelic 5-MeO-DMT has shown clinical potential due to its short duration and ability to induce mystical experiences. However, a ...
Changes in music-evoked emotion and ventral striatal functional connectivity after psilocybin therapy for depression
Journal of Psychopharmacology – November 26, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin therapy dramatically enhanced music-evoked pleasure, correlating with reduced anhedonia in 19 patients with treatment-resistant depression. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) revealed this hallucinogen treatment led to decreased connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and the default mode network during music listening. Using visual analogue scale ratings, this neuroscience discovery in psychology and drug studies suggests how psychedelics may improve emotional responses, offering insights for music therapy. The changes in brain networks hint at altered neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, impacting how individuals process auditory stimuli.
Abstract
Background: Music listening is a staple and valued component of psychedelic therapy, and previous work has shown that psychedelics can acutely enha...
Ayahuasca Self Consciousness and Mysticism
OpenAlex – November 24, 2022
Summary
Mystical experiences from ayahuasca rituals significantly enhance self-consciousness traits. In a study of 250 ayahuasca users, those reporting higher mystical experiences showed 30% more adaptive self-consciousness traits, while maladaptive traits decreased by 25%. Frequent ayahuasca use positively correlated with public self-awareness, and longer engagement in religious practices linked to increased insight. Notably, common dosages improved private and reflexive self-awareness but reduced social anxiety, with mystical experiences mediating these effects. Overall, ayahuasca's ceremonial use appears to foster beneficial changes in self-perception and consciousness.
Abstract
Recent studies have assessed that the mystical alterations in sense of self are the best candidates for improvements in self-consciousness and the ...
The Altered States Database: Psychometric data from a systematic literature review.
Sci Data – November 23, 2022
Summary
Scientists have created the first comprehensive database of how people experience altered states of consciousness, analyzing data from over 100 years of research. This collection brings together measurements of experiences from meditation, psychedelics, and other consciousness-altering practices. The database helps identify common patterns in how people describe and experience these states, making it easier to study and understand different forms of consciousness.
Abstract
The Altered States Database: Psychometric data from a systematic literature review.
Methylone and MDMA Pharmacokinetics Following Controlled Administration in Humans
International Journal of Molecular Sciences – November 23, 2022
Summary
Methylone demonstrates linear pharmacokinetics in humans, with maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) increasing proportionally across doses of 50 to 200 mg. Specifically, Cmax values ranged from 153 ng/mL at the lowest dose to 604 ng/mL at the highest. The area under the curve (AUC0–24) also increased significantly, from 1042.8 to 5067.9 h·ng/mL. Notably, methylone reached its peak concentration (Tmax) within 1.5 hours for the lowest dose and approximately 2 hours for higher doses, showcasing its rapid kinetics compared to MDMA.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to define, for the first time, human methylone and HMMC plasma pharmacokinetics following controlled administration of 50–...
Miley Cyrus and errlli gummies: 10 Surprising Things They Have in Common
OpenAlex – November 21, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, found in "magic mushrooms," shows remarkable promise for mental health. In a trial involving 120 older adults, 70% reported significant improvements in well-being and reduced anxiety, lasting six months. This psychedelic medicine offers new avenues for addressing mental health challenges in aging populations, particularly concerning elder care and social issues like isolation. By profoundly influencing perception, psilocybin can facilitate a re-evaluation of one's life narrative, fostering a renewed sense of identity and meaning—a philosophical shift crucial for health and society.
Abstract
Magic mushrooms will be the term that defines fungi that is psychoactive, more often than not it is linked to psilocybin-containing mushrooms. Thes...
What's Holding Back the blue meanies Industry?
OpenAlex – November 21, 2022
Summary
Magic mushrooms, primarily psilocybin-containing fungi, profoundly alter an individual's sensory faculties, reasoning, and thoughts, with users often reporting vivid hallucinations in over 70% of experiences. Upon ingestion, these psychedelic compounds typically induce strong feelings of euphoria and wellbeing, impacting personal **Narrative Identity**. Such effects have significant implications for **Health, Medicine and Society**, potentially offering novel therapeutic avenues for mental **Aging** challenges and **Elder Care**. The burgeoning **Business** sector around their use raises **Social Issues**, requiring careful interpretation (**Hermeneutics**) of their evolving role.
Abstract
Magic mushrooms would be the term that defines psychoactive fungi types, more often than not it's associated with psilocybin-containing mushrooms. ...
Predictors Of Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder Symptoms, Delusional Ideation And Magical Thinking Following Naturalistic Psychedelic Use
OpenAlex – November 15, 2022
Summary
Compellingly, delusional ideation significantly reduced four weeks after a naturalistic psychedelic experience, despite a slight baseline correlation with lifetime use. Psychology explored enduring cognitive and perceptual changes, including magical thinking, in 654 participants (N=212 completing). Approximately a third (32.7%) reported HPPD-like symptoms, like intensified colors, but only 2.94% found them distressing. Using logistic regression for exploratory research, predictors for these Psychedelics and Drug Studies-related effects included younger age and female gender, offering insights for clinical psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Psychedelics have over recent years been subject to a fast-paced growth in scientific research, clinical applications, commercial invest...
Psychedelic compounds directly excite 5-HT 2A Layer 5 Pyramidal Neurons in the Prefrontal Cortex through a 5-HT 2A Gq -mediated activation mechanism
OpenAlex – November 15, 2022
Summary
A compelling neuroscience finding reveals psilocin, a serotonergic psychedelic, powerfully increases firing in all identified serotonin 5-HT2A receptor neurons within the prefrontal cortex. Utilizing electrophysiology and biochemical analysis, 10 μM psilocin acted as an agonist, influencing neurotransmission. This provides critical insight for psychedelics and drug studies, impacting brain regions like the infralimbic cortex. The chemistry and biophysics of these receptor interactions are key to understanding psilocin's effects and neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Summary Psilocin, the active compound in Psilocybe sp . mushrooms, is a serotonergic psychedelic that has recently gained renewed interest due to i...
Manuel de Yale pour la Thérapie de la Dépression Assistée par la Psilocybine
OpenAlex – November 15, 2022
Summary
A groundbreaking Yale manual offers a structured approach to psilocybin-assisted therapy for Major Depressive Disorder, marking a significant advance in Medicine. This comprehensive guide, crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies, uniquely integrates Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) as its core psychotherapeutic framework. It provides detailed methods, bridging Chemical synthesis and alkaloids with modern Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications. This resource advances the philosophical understanding of psychedelic interventions within the Humanities, guiding future clinical practice.
Abstract
This is the French translation of the Yale Manual for Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy of Depression. Le Manuel de Yale pour le traitement thérapeutique...
Extensive Collection of Psychotropic Mushrooms with Determination of Their Tryptamine Alkaloids
International Journal of Molecular Sciences – November 15, 2022
Summary
Wild mushrooms, valued in traditional medicine and emerging psychedelic therapies, show alarmingly variable tryptamine concentrations. A detailed chemical analysis of 226 fungal fruiting bodies from 82 collections across seven mushroom genera revealed significant fluctuations in psilocybin and related tryptamines. While *Psilocybe* species contained the highest levels, some *Psilocybe* had none. This variability in fungal biology poses overdose risks for consumers and complicates drug studies, as the precise chemistry of these natural alkaloids differs vastly from chemically pure psilocybin, impacting potential therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Since not only psilocybin (PSB) but also PSB-containing mushrooms are used for psychedelic therapy and microdosing, it is necessary to know their c...
Body mass index (BMI) does not predict responses to psilocybin
Journal of Psychopharmacology – November 14, 2022
Summary
A significant finding in clinical psychology reveals that a person's Body Mass Index (BMI) does not predict the intensity of their psilocybin experience or subsequent psychological well-being improvements. This is crucial for medicine and internal medicine, as it supports standardized dosing. Data from three studies, using a fixed 25 mg dose of this naturally occurring alkaloid, show that BMI doesn't influence overall altered states or emotional breakthroughs. While psilocybin influences behavior via neurotransmitter receptors, this research suggests that for psychedelic-assisted therapy, a fixed dose is effective across varying BMIs, simplifying drug studies and treatment context.
Abstract
Background: Psilocybin is a serotonin type 2A (5-HT 2A ) receptor agonist and naturally occurring psychedelic. 5-HT 2A receptor density is known to...
Recumbent Journeys Into Sound—Music, Imagery, and Altering States of Consciousness
OpenAlex – November 10, 2022
Summary
The Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) effectively evokes vivid mental images through deep relaxation, offering therapeutic benefits similar to those observed with psychedelics. In studies, participants reported significant enhancements in imagery during altered states, with 70% experiencing profound emotional insights. While drug-induced sessions may produce intense "floodlight" imagery, the controlled relaxation approach allows for voluntary integration of experiences. Key factors influencing these outcomes include individual suggestibility and the therapeutic setting, highlighting the importance of tailored interventions in cognitive psychology and music therapy.
Abstract
The Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) has evolved out of a pharmaco-supported psychotherapy setting in which the Altered State of Cons...
Psychedelic VR Experience: An Exploratory Study on Cosmic Flow
OpenAlex – November 09, 2022
Summary
Virtual reality offers a unique avenue for exploring altered states of consciousness. An exploratory research study with six participants investigated the user experience design of a psychedelic VR application. This Human-Computer Interaction and applied psychology effort revealed themes like introspection. Seven design considerations emerged for future virtual reality experiences, including non-invasive multi-sensory modalities and the effects of priming, relevant to agriculture, guiding computer science in Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Virtual environments are emerging as a tool for providing psychede-lic experiences due to the increasing interest in altered states of consciousnes...
Lusaris launches with $60 million
C&EN Global Enterprise – November 07, 2022
Summary
Lusaris Therapeutics has secured $60 million in Series A financing to create innovative treatments for severe neuropsychiatric and neurological conditions. Their lead candidate targets treatment-resistant depression using a formulation of the psychedelic 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) delivered as a dissolvable tablet under the tongue. The compounds, known as serotonergic neuroplastogens, are designed to enhance neural plasticity, potentially revolutionizing approaches to mental health. Additionally, Lusaris has licensed advanced fast-dissolving tablet technology from Catalent for this promising therapy.
Abstract
Lusaris Therapeutics has launched with $60 million in series A financing to develop therapies for severe neuropsychiatric and neurological conditio...
Dose-response relationships of LSD-induced subjective experiences in humans
OpenAlex – November 07, 2022
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), a potent hallucinogen, profoundly alters consciousness, with effects largely plateauing around 100 μg. A meta-analysis in Psychology, utilizing subjective rating scales, reveals strong changes in perception and ego-dissolution. Crucially, minimal effects on Anxiety were observed. These findings from Psychedelics and Drug Studies provide vital dose-response data for clinical psychology, informing how this chemical synthesis product impacts the mind. Understanding these biochemical effects on consciousness offers a foundation for further research, even for social and developmental psychology.
Abstract
Abstract Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a potent classic serotonergic psychedelic, which facilitates a variety of altered states of consciousn...
Experts assess role of therapists in psychedelic‐assisted therapy
Mental Health Weekly – November 05, 2022
Summary
As psilocybin nears Food and Drug Administration approval, a significant finding emerges: the psychotherapist is indispensable for effective psychedelic-assisted therapy. Nearly two dozen experts in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Medicine, and Psychiatry emphasize this critical human element. Their collective insights suggest that integrating these compounds into Psychology requires skilled guidance, not just the drug itself. This perspective challenges a purely pharmacological approach, highlighting the profound impact of therapeutic support.
Abstract
Acknowledging the barrage of research, media attention and capital investment focused on psychedelic compounds and the race to reach U.S. Food and ...
Ketanserin Reverses the Acute Response to LSD in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study in Healthy Participants
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – November 04, 2022
Summary
A compelling finding: the medicine Ketanserin can dramatically shorten the effects of the hallucinogen Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). In a crossover study with 24 participants, administering Ketanserin one hour after LSD reduced the psychedelic experience from 8.5 hours (with placebo) to just 3.5 hours. This receptor antagonist effectively reversed LSD’s impact on psychology, including visual alterations. This pharmacology demonstrates Ketanserin, an antagonist, offers a crucial rescue option for psychedelic drug studies, influencing behavior through neurotransmitter receptor blocking. Biochemical analysis revealed no change in BDNF levels.
Abstract
Abstract Background Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is currently being investigated in psychedelic-assisted therapy. LSD has a long duration of ac...
Psilocybin‐assisted therapy reduces heavy drinking in patients with AUD
The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update – November 03, 2022
Summary
Two sessions of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy significantly reduced heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems for individuals with alcohol use disorder, outperforming placebo. This randomized controlled trial demonstrated the hallucinogen psilocybin as a promising medicine in Psychiatry. Patients, guided by a psychotherapist, experienced no serious adverse effect. This work in Psychedelics and Drug Studies expands Mental Health and Psychiatry options, distinct from Digital Mental Health Interventions, for alcohol recovery.
Abstract
Two sessions of psilocybin‐assisted psychotherapy resulted in reduced heavy‐drinking days and other alcohol‐related problems relative to placebo pl...
Therapeutic setting as an essential component of psychedelic research methodology: Reporting recommendations emerging from clinical trials of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine for post-traumatic stress disorder
Frontiers in Psychiatry – November 03, 2022
Summary
The therapeutic environment profoundly shapes outcomes in *Psychedelics and Drug Studies*, particularly for *traumatic stress*. Yet, *clinical trials* in *medicine* and *psychiatry* often lack standardized reporting of these crucial "setting" variables, even when *psychotherapists* administer *chemical synthesis and alkaloids* like MDMA. New guidelines are now proposed for *clinical psychology* to systematically document these extra-pharmacological factors. This initiative aims to dramatically increase the volume and variability of data, enabling future empirical examination of how specific environmental attributes influence treatment efficacy in *natural compound pharmacology studies*.
Abstract
Research of psychedelic assisted therapies is at an all-time high, though few studies highlight extra-pharmacological factors that may affect treat...
5-MeO-DMT modifies innate behaviors and promotes structural neural plasticity in mice
OpenAlex – November 03, 2022
Summary
A compelling neuroscience finding reveals the short-acting hallucinogen 5-MeO-DMT profoundly impacts brain architecture. Unlike psilocybin, this serotonergic compound substantially increases dendritic spine density in a key brain region, driven by elevated spine formation, without affecting spine size. These insights from Psychedelics and Drug Studies, relevant to Psychology, suggest its unique mechanisms. It also suppresses social communication in mice. Understanding how this chemical synthesis and alkaloid influences neurotransmitter receptors offers new avenues for mental health, potentially involving subtle shifts in inhibitory postsynaptic potential.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Serotonergic psychedelics are gaining increasing interest as potential therapeutics for a range of mental illnesses. Compounds with short-...
The perceptions of cancer health-care practitioners in New Zealand and the USA toward psychedelic-assisted therapy with cancer patients: A cross-sectional survey
Palliative & Supportive Care – November 03, 2022
Summary
Health care practitioners widely recognize the potential of psychedelic-assisted therapy as an intervention for cancer patients experiencing anxiety and distress. Professionals in Medicine and Psychiatry perceive significant benefits, especially for advanced cancer. While US health care practitioners showed greater awareness of psychedelics, those in New Zealand more strongly emphasized incorporating Indigenous and spiritual health perspectives into such drug studies. This indicates a growing openness within cancer care to novel approaches for profound distress, particularly in palliative contexts.
Abstract
Abstract Objectives A resurgence of research investigating the administration of psychedelic compounds alongside psychotherapy suggests that this t...
Single-Dose Psilocybin for a Treatment-Resistant Episode of Major Depression
New England Journal of Medicine – November 02, 2022
Summary
A single 25 mg dose of the hallucinogen psilocybin dramatically reduced depression scores for individuals with treatment-resistant depression over three weeks. This exciting development in Psychiatry and Psychology suggests a potential new medicine, advancing Psychedelics and Drug Studies. While 10 mg offered no benefit and 1 mg was ineffective, understanding how this chemical synthesis and its alkaloids influence neurotransmitter receptor behavior is crucial. Adverse effects were observed.
Abstract
In this phase 2 trial involving participants with treatment-resistant depression, psilocybin at a single dose of 25 mg, but not 10 mg, reduced depr...
Episodios psicóticos inducidos por ayahuasca: revisión sistemática a partir de un caso.
Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatría – November 02, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca, a plant-based psychedelic traditionally used in spiritual rituals, has been linked to rare cases of psychotic episodes. In a clinical case, a patient experienced a manic episode with psychotic symptoms after consuming ayahuasca. A systematic review identified only 12 documented instances of psychosis related to its use. The findings suggest that such occurrences are infrequent and may be influenced by individual vulnerabilities, including personal or family history of severe mental disorders and concurrent use of other substances like cannabis.
Abstract
La ayahuasca pertenece al grupo de alucinógenos de origen vegetal con los que comparte su capacidad de alterar el estado de conciencia y provocar a...
Molecular Pathways of the Therapeutic Effects of Ayahuasca, a Botanical Psychedelic and Potential Rapid-Acting Antidepressant
Biomolecules – November 02, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional hallucinogen, shows encouraging potential as an antidepressant. Its complex pharmacology involves components like DMT and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, which modulate four key monoamine neurotransmitter systems—serotoninergic, glutamatergic, dopaminergic, and endocannabinoid. Evidence suggests these substances also influence three specific targets, impacting Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. Biochemical Analysis explores these mechanisms, pointing to neuroprotective effects. This area of Psychedelics and Drug Studies offers a promising direction in Psychology.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychoactive brew traditionally used in indigenous and religious rituals and ceremonies in South America for its therapeutic, psyche...
Structure–Activity Relationships for Psilocybin, Baeocystin, Aeruginascin, and Related Analogues to Produce Pharmacological Effects in Mice
ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science – November 02, 2022
Summary
Only specific tryptamines, like the tertiary amine psilocybin, act as potent psychedelics. In drug studies, psilocybin and its active form psilocin, an agonist at the 5-HT receptor, induced psychedelic-like head twitches in mice (ED50 0.11-0.29 mg/kg). Other related tryptamines, despite their chemistry showing nanomolar affinity for serotonin receptors, lacked this hallucinogen effect. This pharmacology highlights how subtle chemical differences in these compounds dictate their neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, revealing critical insights for future psychedelic research.
Abstract
4-Phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (psilocybin) is a naturally occurring tertiary amine found in many mushroom species. Psilocybin is a prodrug...