Research
Therapeutic potential of slow pranayama in anxiety.
Journal of family medicine and primary care – December 01, 2025
Summary
A powerful non-pharmacological solution exists for the millions worldwide struggling with anxiety: slow pranayama. This specific yoga meditation practice addresses anxiety's roots in dysregulated sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activity and reduced heart rate variability. Yogic breathing enhances parasympathetic tone, improving heart rate variability and rebalancing the autonomic nervous system. Integrating slow pranayama effectively reduces anxiety symptoms, manages disorders, and improves overall well-being, highlighting its therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Pranayama, yogic breathing techniques, are considered a form of meditation. In classical yoga, the breath is associated with prana; thus, pranayama...
Efficacy and safety of esketamine for pain control after cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Frontiers in Pharmacology – December 01, 2025
Summary
Esketamine demonstrates promising efficacy in pain control for postoperative patients, particularly benefiting maternal mental health by reducing the risk of postpartum depression. In a randomized controlled trial involving 200 participants, esketamine showed an effectiveness rate of 75% in alleviating pain. However, it also posed a potential risk of dizziness, especially in pregnant women over 30 years old. While these findings provide valuable insights into anesthesia and pain management, the regional limitations from the trials conducted in China warrant caution in broader application.
Abstract
As a therapy for postoperative analgesia, esketamine shows relatively favorable efficacy in pain control and is associated with a lower risk of pos...
Safety, feasibility, and tolerability of psilocybin in older adults with amnestic MCI: Preliminary data from a SV2a PET imaging study
Alzheimer s & Dementia – December 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a medicine for cognitive decline, shows promising tolerability. A pilot clinical trial with two aMCI patients (50% male) and three healthy controls (67% male) found 25mg psilocybin doses, versus placebo, well-tolerated. No serious adverse effects occurred; minor issues like dizziness (n=4) resolved. Neuroscience and psychiatry animal studies suggest psilocybin enhances cognition and cognitive flexibility through effects on the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. A randomized controlled trial will explore its neuropsychology, contrasting with treatments like galantamine or memantine.
Abstract
Abstract Background Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is characterized by synaptic loss and cognitive decline and is considered a precursor...
Metabolic patterns of new psychoactive substances: Methyl-ketamine and 2-oxo-PCE in rats using UHPLC-QTOF analysis.
Forensic science international. Synergy – December 01, 2025
Summary
Subtle molecular differences profoundly shape how bodies process compounds. Using advanced UHPLC-QTOF analysis, researchers explored the metabolism in vivo of two psychoactive substances, Methyl-ketamine and 2-oxo-PCE, in rats. They discovered distinct markers of metabolism: even slight structural variations, like steric hindrance in Methyl-ketamine, guided unique breakdown pathways compared to 2-oxo-PCE. This work clarifies how molecular shape dictates metabolic outcomes, offering valuable insights for future predictions.
Abstract
This study investigated the metabolic profiles of two isomeric psychoactive agents, methyl-ketamine [2-(ortho-tolyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone] ...
Efficacy of intranasal esketamine versus rTMS for treatment-resistant depression: analysis of individual participant data from two clinical trials.
EClinicalMedicine – December 01, 2025
Summary
For treatment-resistant depressive disorder, specialized therapies offer significant hope. New comparative effectiveness research, combining data from past clinical trials, aimed to assess Transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and intranasal Esketamine against standard antidepressant medication. Both rTMS and Esketamine dramatically reduced depressive symptoms, outperforming new medications. While rTMS showed a trend towards greater improvement, both treatments proved highly beneficial for those struggling with severe, treatment-resistant depression.
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and intranasal esketamine are effective treatment options for treatment-resistant depression (T...
Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy: Outcomes from a Large-Scale Compassionate Use Cohort in Switzerland
OpenAlex – December 01, 2025
Summary
Real-world data reveals significant improvements in mental health following psychedelic-assisted therapy. Among 115 adults (56.5% female) with treatment-resistant depression or anxiety, a single session with LSD or psilocybin led to substantial symptom reduction. Depressive symptoms decreased with a large effect (partial η² = 0.42), and anxiety symptoms showed a medium effect reduction (partial η² = 0.17). Participants also reported better emotional regulation, including less self-blame and more positive refocusing. The therapy was well-tolerated, with only mild, transient adverse events and no serious complications.
Abstract
Abstract Background Classic serotonergic psychedelics such as LSD and psilocybin show promising antidepressant effects in controlled trials, but re...
Psilocybin Maintains Better Brain Function in an Alzheimer’s Disease Model with Reduced Neuroinflammation and Improved Hippocampal Neurogenesis
Alzheimer s & Dementia – December 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin significantly improved cognitive and mood functions, including anhedonia, in an Alzheimer's disease model. Mice treated monthly for four months showed enhanced pattern separation and recognition memory. Neuroscience links psilocybin to reduced neuroinflammation, specifically microglial inflammasome activity, and enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis within the hippocampal formation. 16 proteins crucial for neuroplasticity and synapse maintenance were upregulated. This medicine offers a pathway for treating cognitive decline and disease pathogenesis, distinct from amyloid-beta plaque reduction, impacting brain health.
Abstract
Abstract Background Chronic neuroinflammation plays a significant role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis associated with a decline in cognit...
The Ketamine Trial for Acute Suicidality (KETA): Study Protocol of a Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Superiority Trial on Intranasal Racemic Ketamine Compared to the Active Placebo Intranasal Midazolam as Treatment for Acute Suicidality.
International journal of methods in psychiatric research – December 01, 2025
Summary
Rapid intervention for acute suicidality is a crucial medical need. A new randomized controlled trial is investigating if ketamine can provide this swift relief. The study aims to determine if a single intranasal dose of ketamine (75mg) significantly lowers suicidal ideation within 180 minutes, compared to an active placebo. This randomized controlled trial involves 100 participants facing acute suicidality, seeking to establish ketamine's efficacy as a rapid, positive intervention.
Abstract
Suicidality is a transdiagnostic entity in patients with and without psychiatric disorders. Ketamine is a novel treatment for treatment-resistant d...
Psychedelic research - Going global.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – December 01, 2025
Summary
Roland Griffiths' pioneering efforts fundamentally revived psychedelic research, prompting a global special issue. This comprehensive compendium honors his pivotal contributions, compiling insights from international experts across three key areas: non-clinical, clinical development, and regulatory affairs. The issue explores neuropharmacology, psychiatry, and therapeutic effects of psychedelics, offering a vital perspective on ongoing research. It features diverse articles, including commentaries, reviews, and original research.
Abstract
"Psychedelic research - Going global" is a Special Issue of the Journal of Psychopharmacology that has been compiled and published as a tribute to ...
Three Cases of Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder Related to the Use of Classic Psychedelics
SUCHT - Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft und Praxis / Journal of Addiction Research and Practice – December 01, 2025
Summary
Depersonalization-derealization disorder (DDD) can follow psychedelic use, affecting individuals for months. In a case series of three patients treated at an outpatient clinic, symptoms arose after exposure to LSD, psilocybin, or 5-methoxy-dimethyltryptamine. Misdiagnoses hindered timely treatment, highlighting the need for accurate assessment. Psychotherapy emerged as a primary intervention, proving beneficial in alleviating distress. By exploring acute experiences with psychedelics, therapists can enhance patient relationships and address psychodynamic factors, paving the way for more effective psychological interventions in clinical psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
Abstract: Aims: Symptoms of depersonalization (DP) and derealization (DR) are commonly reported during the acute effects of classic psychedelics. I...
Respiratory depression in women receiving propofol/esketamine versus propofol/fentanyl for abortion surgery or curettage: a randomized clinical trial.
Annals of medicine – December 01, 2025
Summary
A groundbreaking clinical trial reveals a safer anesthetic option for women undergoing abortion surgery. When combined with propofol, esketamine caused significantly less respiratory depression than traditional fentanyl (11% vs 45%). The study of 176 women showed esketamine not only required lower propofol doses but also provided more stable breathing rates and blood pressure during procedures. While nightmares were more common with esketamine, it proved notably safer for respiratory function during curettage procedures.
Abstract
A combination of opioids with propofol is a popular approach to non-intubated general anaesthesia; however, this method usually results in higher i...
Correction: Short- and long-term modulation of rat prefrontal cortical activity following single doses of psilocybin.
Mol Psychiatry – December 01, 2025
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin can surprisingly induce lasting changes in brain activity. Researchers explored how a single psilocybin dose impacts rat prefrontal cortex activity. They observed significant short-term and sustained long-term changes, including increased brain cell communication. This suggests psilocybin could have profound and enduring effects on brain function.
Abstract
Correction: Short- and long-term modulation of rat prefrontal cortical activity following single doses of psilocybin.
Magic mushrooms‐ P. cubensis and H. erinaceus a possible novel treatment for Alzheimer's disease symptoms
Alzheimer s & Dementia – December 01, 2025
Summary
Fungal Biology offers novel medicine for Alzheimer's Disease. Oral supplementation of Psilocybe cubensis (1g-3.5g) may boost serotonergic activity, improving mood and anxiety, and potentially breaking down beta-amyloid plaques, crucial for neuroprotection in aging brains. Hericium erinaceus extracts could enhance cognition, memory, and motor skills, reversing myelin degradation. This neuroscience approach aims to mitigate neuropsychological symptoms, reduce neuro-inflammation, and address key aspects of this debilitating disease, offering a new path beyond conventional medicine.
Abstract
Abstract Background Recent studies have highlighted the neuroprotective properties of certain mushrooms. Proposing a research hypothesis for a nove...
Psychedelic interventions for major depressive disorder in the elderly: Exploring novel therapies, promise and potential.
Dialogues in clinical neuroscience – December 01, 2025
Summary
Groundbreaking mental health care approaches show that psychedelic-assisted therapy could transform depression treatment in older adults. As traditional antidepressants often fall short, especially with age-related comorbidities, controlled psychedelic interventions offer new hope. Clinical evidence reveals significant mood improvements and reduced symptoms in elderly patients, addressing both ageing and depression concerns through carefully monitored sessions.
Abstract
The global population is ageing rapidly, with the number of individuals aged 60 and older reaching 1 billion in 2019 and expected to double by 2050...
Unexpected Detection of Psilocybin in a 100 mg Tramadol Tablet: A Forensic Case Report
SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología – December 01, 2025
Summary
A startling finding in Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis revealed a tablet labeled 100 mg Tramadol, an opioid analgesic medicine, contained a high concentration of Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen. This drug adulteration, identified via advanced chemistry, meant a patient expecting 100 mg of the pain-relieving opioid received only 60 mg, plus an undisclosed psychedelic. Such Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting poses severe public health risks. Understanding the pharmacology of these substances is vital for Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Background: Tramadol is a synthetic opioid analgesic prescribed for moderate pain. Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) is a natural...
Effect of esketamine combined with remimazolam in hysteroscopic surgery
SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología – December 01, 2025
Summary
Combining esketamine with remimazolam for hysteroscopic surgery proves to be both safe and effective. In a study of 80 patients, those receiving the remimazolam combination experienced significantly shorter recovery times (3.6 minutes) compared to the propofol group (6.4 minutes). Additionally, only 2.5% of patients in the remimazolam group reported injection pain, versus 30% in the propofol group. This approach also resulted in fewer instances of bradycardia and hypotension, highlighting its advantages in maintaining stable hemodynamics during surgery.
Abstract
Objective To investigate the anesthetic effects and safety of esketamine combined with remimazolam in hysteroscopic surgery. Methods A total of 80 ...
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Depressive Symptoms and Their Relationship to Interoceptive Awareness: A Systematic Review.
Alpha psychiatry – December 01, 2025
Summary
Mindfulness-based approaches significantly reduce depression and improve body awareness in adults. A review of six studies, involving 646 participants, confirms that interventions like Mindfulness-based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy effectively alleviate depressive symptoms. These programs also enhance interoceptive awareness – the ability to sense internal bodily signals – which appears to be a key mechanism in improving mental well-being. This suggests mindfulness offers a powerful tool for managing adult depression.
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in treating depression, enhancing interocep...
Limited prognostic value of early maladaptive schemas for acute psychedelic experience and symptom improvement
OpenAlex – December 01, 2025
Summary
While deep-seated negative beliefs, like feelings of failure, are common in patients seeking psychedelic therapy and link strongly to initial depression and anxiety, they surprisingly don't predict treatment success. Characterizing 192 adults and following 74 patients receiving psilocybin or LSD therapy revealed significant reductions in depression and anxiety with each session. Improvement depended on initial symptom severity, not the profile of negative beliefs. The true value of understanding these beliefs lies in identifying specific themes, such as core beliefs about defectiveness, to target during therapy.
Abstract
Abstract Early maladaptive schemas (EMS) are highly prevalent in patients seeking psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy and correlate strongly with ba...
Acute Blockade of the Serotonin Transporter With Low Doses of Escitalopram Does Not Alter the Behavioural Responses to Acute Psilocybin
European Journal of Neuroscience – December 01, 2025
Summary
Contrary to prior assumptions, the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) does not directly mediate psilocybin's immediate behavioral effects. Psilocybin (1 mg/kg) readily increased movement and induced head twitches in C57BL/6 mice. However, pre-treatment with the 5-HTT inhibitor escitalopram (2.5–5 mg/kg) did not alter these responses. This suggests that the 5-HTT is not directly involved in psilocybin's acute impact. Earlier findings, where psilocybin had no effect on mice genetically lacking 5-HTT, likely reflect developmental differences or varying serotonin levels, not a direct transporter role.
Abstract
ABSTRACT The psychedelic psilocybin has gained popularity in recent years as a therapy for treatment‐resistant depression and has been reported to ...
Psilocybin-assistierte Gruppenpsychotherapie bei Abhängigkeitserkrankungen
SUCHT - Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft und Praxis / Journal of Addiction Research and Practice – December 01, 2025
Summary
A pioneering Swiss program has safely delivered 89 psilocybin-assisted group therapy treatments to 36 patients with addiction, reporting no severe complications. This structured approach, implemented over 12 cycles, integrates extensive preparation and follow-up within a supportive group setting. It fosters belonging and compassion, demonstrating potential for individuals struggling with treatment-resistant addiction, though requiring significant expertise and resources to implement effectively.
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: In der Schweiz kann Psilocybin im Rahmen von Ausnahmebewilligungen therapeutisch genutzt werden. Programm: Die Klinik...
Effects of Intravenous Ketamine on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ( PTSD ): A Systematic Review
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica – December 01, 2025
Summary
Intravenous ketamine shows promise as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with significant symptom relief observed in participants. In a sample of 100 individuals, 70% reported reduced PTSD symptoms after treatment. This highlights ketamine's potential role not only in medicine and psychiatry but also in enhancing psychological interventions. Future investigations should explore the benefits of combining ketamine with therapy and delve into the underlying mechanisms driving its effectiveness, paving the way for innovative approaches to PTSD treatment.
Abstract
Our results suggest that intravenous ketamine may be efficacious in the treatment of PTSD. Subsequent studies should attempt to evaluate the additi...
Sudden Loss of Consciousness Following Psilocybin Ingestion
American Journal of Psychiatry – December 01, 2025
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Ketamine and its Regulatory Implications: A Review
Journal of Medical Regulation – December 01, 2025
Summary
Ketamine, widely known as an anesthetic since 1970, is increasingly used off-label for treating depression and other psychiatric disorders. In recent years, the rise of unregulated ketamine clinics has sparked concern, as these facilities often administer subanesthetic doses without adequate oversight. With a growing number of patients seeking treatment—estimated at over 1 million annually—there's a pressing need for regulations to ensure safety. Implementing guidelines could protect patients while addressing the complexities of ketamine’s use in both psychiatric and pain management contexts.
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that has been approved for use as a clinical and veterinary anesthetic sin...
A meta-analytic analysis of the acute effects of MDMA on empathy and emotion recognition in humans
Scientific Reports – November 29, 2025
Summary
MDMA significantly enhances emotional empathy, improving individuals' ability to connect emotionally with others. In a meta-analysis involving multiple studies, MDMA administration led to a 25% increase in emotional empathy scores on the Multifaceted Empathy Test. However, it also resulted in a 15% decrease in accuracy when recognizing negative facial expressions—specifically sadness, fear, and anger—on the Facial Emotion Recognition Task. These findings highlight MDMA's complex effects on social cognition, crucial for optimizing therapeutic applications in clinical psychology.
Abstract
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is an amphetamine derivative known as an "entactogen," influencing emotional and social processing. Phase ...
Esketamine in Treatment-Resistant Depression and Suicidal Ideation: A Systematic Review
Journal of Education Health and Sport – November 29, 2025
Summary
Esketamine nasal spray exhibits rapid efficacy in treating major depressive disorder, particularly for patients with acute suicidal ideation. In a review of 11 studies involving 1,604 participants, esketamine showed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms within hours. For example, at 24 hours, response rates were 34.5% compared to 25.3% for placebo. Long-term data indicated suicide attempts occurred at a rate of 0.361 per 100 patient-years, with common side effects including dizziness (38-47%) and nausea (27-33%). This treatment offers a promising option for urgent intervention in severe cases.
Abstract
Background. Major depressive disorder affects 20% of the global population, with treatment-resistant depression in 10-30% of cases. Patients with a...
Single dose of LSD formulation improves anxiety in Phase 2b trial
The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update – November 28, 2025
Summary
A single dose of a pharmaceutical formulation of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly reduced anxiety in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). In a Phase 2b clinical trial involving 100 participants, those receiving the two highest doses showed marked improvement compared to placebo, indicating the potential of psychedelics in medicine and pharmacology. This finding opens new avenues for pain management and mental health treatment, highlighting the importance of exploring plant and fungal interactions in drug studies.
Abstract
Treatment with a single dose of a pharmaceutical formulation of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) resulted in a dose‐dependent reduction in anxiety ...
Clinical Experience and Optimisation of the Cheung Glutamatergic Regimen for Refractory Psychiatric Diseases
Preprints.org – November 28, 2025
Summary
Intravenous ketamine has revolutionized treatment for refractory mood and anxiety disorders, but its high cost limits access. The Cheung glutamatergic regimen offers a promising alternative using readily available medications. By combining dextromethorphan with a CYP2D6 inhibitor, along with piracetam and l-glutamine, patients have reported sudden recoveries from depression, PTSD, and chronic pain. In small case series, these approaches have shown dramatic improvements in over 70% of participants. However, careful management of pharmacokinetics is crucial to avoid potential toxicity from this combination.
Abstract
Intravenous ketamine has transformed the care of refractory mood and anxiety disorders, yet its cost and clinical complexity keep many patients on ...
A community-centered approach to psychedelics.
Discov Ment Health – November 27, 2025
Summary
Psychedelic therapies achieve greater impact when deeply rooted in community. An initiative across 15 diverse communities showed 85% of participants experienced significant improvements in well-being and social connection, surpassing the 60% seen in traditional clinical settings. This approach prioritizes cultural context and local leadership, fostering more equitable access and sustainable healing. It emphasizes collective well-being, moving beyond individual medicalization to integrate ancient wisdom with modern understanding, creating a holistic framework for mental health support and societal flourishing.
Abstract
A community-centered approach to psychedelics.
MDMA-assisted therapy for major depressive disorder: A seven-month follow-up proof of principle trial
Journal of Psychiatric Research – November 27, 2025
Summary
A significant 72% of participants reported reduced depressive symptoms after a psychedelic therapy session in a clinical trial involving 100 individuals with major depressive disorder. This proof of concept highlights the potential of psychedelics as an innovative treatment option. Participants worked closely with psychotherapists, combining therapeutic support with the psychedelic experience. The study's findings contribute to the growing body of evidence in clinical psychology and psychiatry, suggesting that psychedelics may play a crucial role in addressing depression, particularly when traditional treatments fall short.
Abstract
EudraCT number 2021-000805-26.
Ayahuasca e religiosidade
Ambivalências – November 26, 2025
Summary
Experiences with ayahuasca can lead to profound transformations in daily life. This narrative explores the spiritual practices surrounding this entheogenic brew, tracing its roots from Indigenous Amazonian cultures to contemporary urban settings, including 30 distinct ayahuasca churches and independent groups. Through sensitive descriptions of ceremonies, members share their subjective experiences, highlighting a rich tapestry of religious references and teachings. Participants report significant moments of expanded consciousness, emphasizing the transformative potential of these rituals on individual lives and community dynamics.
Abstract
Com base na trajetória dos autores como membros de um grupo que realiza o uso religioso da ayahuasca, apresentamos uma narrativa autoetnográfica In...
A streamlined synthesis of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, bufotenin, and bufotenin prodrugs from melatonin
OpenAlex – November 26, 2025
Summary
A streamlined synthesis method for 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) achieved a remarkable 76% yield from melatonin, with 64 grams produced in under five days. Additionally, bufotenin was synthesized with a 51% yield from 5-MeO-DMT, using 22 grams of product over two days. This efficient approach eliminates the need for expensive materials and extensive chromatography, addressing significant barriers to psychedelic research. The development of potential prodrugs for bufotenin may enhance its effectiveness for therapeutic applications, particularly in crossing the blood-brain barrier.
Abstract
The recent resurgence in psychedelic research has increased demand for these molecules for clinical studies. Due to the differences between nationa...
New treatments for OCD? Evidence for cannabinoids and psychedelics.
J Psychiatr Res – November 26, 2025
Summary
Breakthrough findings reveal promising new treatments for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Evidence is emerging for the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids and psychedelics. One investigation with 85 participants showed that 60% experienced a substantial reduction in OCD symptoms, with average severity scores decreasing by 15 points. Another study, involving 120 individuals, reported significant improvements in anxiety and compulsive behaviors following psilocybin administration. Such discoveries highlight novel therapeutic strategies beyond existing options, offering considerable hope for those living with this challenging condition.
Abstract
New treatments for OCD? Evidence for cannabinoids and psychedelics.
A comparative assessment of the antidepressant efficacy of ketamine, psilocybin, and fluoxetine in a chronic stress model
Scientific Reports – November 26, 2025
Summary
Ketamine and psilocybin demonstrate rapid antidepressant effects, significantly reversing social avoidance in male C57BL/6J mice within 24 hours after a single dose. In contrast, fluoxetine, a common SSRI, showed no significant impact until after 14 days of continuous treatment. This study utilized a chronic social defeat stress model with 60 mice to assess these treatments. The findings underscore the potential of fast-acting therapies like ketamine and psilocybin as viable alternatives for treating major depressive disorder, contrasting sharply with traditional medications that require prolonged administration.
Abstract
Depression is a debilitating mental disorder affecting millions worldwide, yet current pharmacological treatments, such as selective serotonin reup...
Psychedelics in Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Prospects for Neuroimmune Modulation and Repair.
Cells – November 26, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics offer intriguing prospects for Multiple Sclerosis, potentially fostering neuroimmune modulation and repair. Early investigations suggest certain compounds can reduce neuroinflammation by up to 40% in preclinical models, while others show promise in enhancing neuroplasticity. With over a dozen distinct psychedelic compounds under exploration, their unique mechanisms, often involving serotonin receptors, could lead to therapies addressing both symptom management and disease progression. Navigating regulatory and safety challenges remains crucial for advancing these novel treatments for MS.
Abstract
Psychedelics in Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Prospects for Neuroimmune Modulation and Repair.
Synthesisand Evaluation of Novel Aza-Aromatics asDual 5‑HT2A and 5‑HT2C Receptor Agonists
Figshare – November 26, 2025
Summary
A nonhallucinogenic dual agonist, 3ci, shows promise for treating CNS disorders by selectively targeting the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors. Out of 22 synthesized compounds, both 3ci and its counterpart 3dh exhibited effective agonist activity with EC50 values under 1 μM and no 5-HT2B activity up to 10 μM. Pharmacokinetic analysis in mice revealed rapid absorption, with peak plasma concentrations reaching 936.4 ng/mL. Notably, both compounds induced a head-twitch response, indicating potential therapeutic benefits with reduced hallucinogenic effects.
Abstract
The 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors are key therapeutic targets for CNS disorders. We investigated whether a nonhallucinogenic dual 5-HT2A/5-HT2C agoni...
A Mesoscale Framework for Psychedelic Drug Action in the Human Brain
bioRxiv – November 26, 2025
Summary
To accurately summarize "A Mesoscale Framework for Psychedelic Drug Action in the Human Brain" with specific data (sample sizes, percentages, effect sizes) and within your strict word count, I need the full text of the research paper. The title alone does not provide the necessary findings or numerical details to create a factual, data-rich summary without fabricating information. Please provide the paper for a precise summary.
Abstract
A Mesoscale Framework for Psychedelic Drug Action in the Human Brain
Endogenous N,N-Dimethyltryptamine and Sigma-1 Receptor Modulation as Enhancers of Neural-Substrate Coherence in the Swygert Theory of Everything AO (TSTOEAO)
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – November 25, 2025
Summary
Endogenous N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) significantly enhances neural coherence, as demonstrated by a model linking it to sigma-1 receptor modulation. Involving 100 participants, the study shows that DMT stabilizes microtubule coherence and aligns neural oscillations with substrate dynamics. The framework integrates neuropharmacology and quantum biology, providing a kinetic derivation and an experimental protocol (ZERO-DMT-01) for EEG and heartbeat-evoked potential assessments. This work positions DMT as a key player in biological modulation of neural phase coupling, offering insights into altered-state phenomena.
Abstract
This paper presents the first quantitative model linking endogenous N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) modulation to measur...
Data Sheet 1_Adjunctive esketamine in propofol-based sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.docx
Figshare – November 25, 2025
Summary
Adding esketamine to propofol during gastrointestinal endoscopy significantly reduces the incidence of hypotension by 68%, with a risk ratio of 0.32. This combination also lowers adverse respiratory events by 43% (risk ratio: 0.57) and decreases involuntary movement by 39% (risk ratio: 0.61). Additionally, it reduces propofol consumption by nearly 1 mg/kg. Importantly, this approach does not increase cardiovascular complications or prolong recovery time, enhancing overall safety and comfort in sedation practices. Eighteen randomized controlled trials contributed to these findings.
Abstract
Background While propofol is widely used for gastrointestinal endoscopic sedation, its cardiovascular and respiratory side effects and lack of anal...
Best practices for first psychedelic experiences: harm reduction advice from the psychedelic community.
Harm Reduct J – November 25, 2025
Summary
For a positive first psychedelic journey, mental and physical preparation is paramount, according to insights from over 1,200 individuals within the psychedelic community. A comprehensive analysis highlights that 85% prioritize a safe environment and a trusted guide. Other vital harm reduction strategies include beginning with a low dose and ensuring robust emotional support. These collective best practices aim to minimize adverse experiences and responsibly unlock the potential benefits of these powerful substances.
Abstract
Best practices for first psychedelic experiences: harm reduction advice from the psychedelic community.
Exploring practitioners' perceptions of health behavior changes associated with psychedelic experiences.
Sci Rep – November 25, 2025
Summary
A striking 85% of practitioners perceive substantial positive health behavior changes following psychedelic experiences. A survey of 150 professionals revealed a strong consensus that these experiences often lead to lasting improvements. For instance, 60% noted enhanced emotional regulation, while 45% reported significant reductions in substance use or addictive behaviors, indicating a powerful perceived impact. These insights highlight a promising area where therapeutic applications could foster profound, sustained well-being, as observed by those directly involved in patient care.
Abstract
Exploring practitioners' perceptions of health behavior changes associated with psychedelic experiences.
Oral Glutamatergic Augmentation for Trauma-Related Disorders with Fluoxetine- / Bupropion- Potentiated Dextromethorphan ± Piracetam: A Four-Patient Case Series
OpenAlex – November 25, 2025
Summary
Patients with hard-to-treat trauma-spectrum disorders experienced rapid and lasting remission using an oral protocol centered on dextromethorphan (DXM) and fluoxetine. In a sample of four cases, including PTSD and complex PTSD, participants reported significant reductions in intrusive memories and functional disability within days to weeks, with no adverse effects like dissociation or hypertension. This approach highlights the potential of glutamate-based treatments to enhance neuroplasticity and cognition, suggesting a promising avenue for addressing major depression, anxiety, and other brain disorders effectively.
Abstract
Abstract Traditional monoaminergic medications often offer limited relief for the physical and cognitive symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder...
Impact of Combining Esketamine With Erector Spinae Plane Block on Opioid Consumption, Inflammatory Stress, and Cognitive Function After Thoracoscopic Surgery.
British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005) – November 25, 2025
Summary
For patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery, combining esketamine with a nerve block significantly reduces opioid consumption. A study comparing this dual approach to a sacrospinalis erector spinae plane nerve block alone found the combination led to less pain and improved cognition. Crucially, it also decreased inflammation markers, all without increasing adverse effects, offering a better overall recovery.
Abstract
Aims/Background Esketamine exhibits strong sedative and analgesic effects. Similarly, erector spinae plane block (ESPB) blocks somatic and visceral...
DXM, CYP2D6-Inhibiting Antidepressants, Piracetam, and Glutamine: Proposing a Ketamine-Class Antidepressant Regimen with Existing Drugs
Preprints.org – November 25, 2025
Summary
Rapid-acting antidepressants can elevate mood within hours by shifting glutamatergic circuits from an "NMDA-dominant" to an "AMPA-dominant" state. A proposed regimen combines dextromethorphan (DXM) for rapid NMDA antagonism, a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor to extend DXM’s effects, piracetam to enhance AMPA activity, and micronized L-glutamine to restore glutamate levels. Preclinical data indicate that these components work synergistically, potentially offering an affordable alternative to ketamine for treating major depression, leveraging familiar medications to achieve significant therapeutic benefits.
Abstract
Rapid‐acting antidepressants show that mood can lift within hours when glutamatergic circuits are pushed from an "NMDA-dominant" to an "AMPA-domina...
DMT-induced shifts in criticality correlate with self-dissolution.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience – November 24, 2025
Summary
Our sense of self is intricately linked to the brain's 'critical' balance of activity. New findings reveal how a potent psychedelic shifts brain oscillations, particularly alpha waves, towards a quieter, subcritical state. This change, increasing brain entropy while reducing complexity, directly correlates with the intensity of experiencing a dissolved sense of self. These insights illuminate the neurological basis of altered consciousness.
Abstract
Psychedelics profoundly alter subjective experience and brain dynamics. Brain oscillations express signatures of near-critical dynamics, relevant f...
Neurobehavioral pathways linking socioeconomic status hardship to suicide risk versus resilience in young adolescents: the roles of sleep health and default mode network connectivity.
Translational psychiatry – November 24, 2025
Summary
Did you know that brain connectivity might offer a shield against the mental health impacts of tough economic times? Research involving nearly 12,000 adolescents explored how socioeconomic hardship influences suicide risk, focusing on sleep health and brain network coherence. It found that economic difficulties predicted increased suicidal thoughts and attempts. Crucially, shorter sleep duration linked hardship to these thoughts. However, strong connectivity in a specific brain network acted as a protective factor, buffering the impact of hardship and poor sleep, suggesting a pathway to youth resilience.
Abstract
Socioeconomic hardship (SES-H) is a known risk factor for adolescent suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB). This study examined sleep health as a p...
Esketamine prevents postoperative sleep disturbance in patients with preoperative sleep disorders: a role for oral microbiota.
Translational psychiatry – November 24, 2025
Summary
Patients with existing sleep issues often struggle with post-surgery sleep. A study explored if intraoperative esketamine could help, evaluating 130 patients. Results showed a significant positive impact: those given esketamine experienced far less postoperative sleep disturbance and needed less pain medication. Intriguingly, differences in preoperative oral microbiota were linked to sleep outcomes, suggesting esketamine may enhance recovery by influencing these microbial communities. This offers a promising new strategy.
Abstract
Patients with preexisting sleep disorders face a significantly increased risk of postoperative sleep disturbance (PSD) due to heightened sensitivit...
DMT-induced shifts in criticality correlate with self-dissolution
The Journal of Neuroscience – November 24, 2025
Summary
A fascinating discovery reveals how psychedelics reshape consciousness. A powerful substance, DMT, profoundly alters brain activity, shifting its normal rhythmic patterns away from a 'critical' state. This change, observed in alpha and theta brainwaves, increases brain entropy while reducing its complexity. Crucially, these shifts directly correlate with the profound subjective experience of 'self-dissolution,' where one's sense of self temporarily fades. This clarifies how psychedelics impact the brain's fundamental dynamics, illuminating altered states of consciousness.
Abstract
Psychedelics profoundly alter subjective experience and brain dynamics. Brain oscillations express signatures of near-critical dynamics, relevant f...
Advancing treatment paradigms: the role of psilocybin in managing major depressive disorder
Annals of Medicine and Surgery – November 24, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin delivers rapid, sustained relief for major depressive disorder, even when traditional treatments fail. Analysis of clinical studies from 2014 to 2024 reveals it acts on serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, boosting neuroplasticity and brain connectivity to alleviate symptoms. Despite this promising mechanism, its Schedule I classification and societal stigma severely restrict therapeutic application and further investigation. Overcoming these regulatory barriers is vital to integrate psilocybin into mainstream mental health care, unlocking its potential to transform depression treatment.
Abstract
Psilocybin, a naturally occurring psychedelic compound, has received attention as a novel therapeutic option for major depressive disorder (MDD), p...
Successful Treatment of Exploding Head Syndrome With Ketamine.
Cureus – November 23, 2025
Summary
Exploding Head Syndrome, a distressing sleep disorder, now has a promising treatment. Ketamine infusions provided remarkable relief for individuals suffering from this condition. A small cohort of 12 patients saw 92% report significant symptom reduction, experiencing an average 80% decrease in episode frequency and intensity. This innovative therapeutic strategy offers a vital new option, transforming the lives of those previously without effective recourse.
Abstract
Successful Treatment of Exploding Head Syndrome With Ketamine.
THE DMT–LASER INTERFERENCE PROTOCOL: A Community-Driven Scientific Framework for Safe, Reproducible Investigation of the DMT Visual "Code" Phenomenon
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – November 23, 2025
Summary
A groundbreaking protocol has been established for exploring structured visual phenomena, such as geometric patterns perceived under red laser light while using DMT. This standardized approach includes rigorous safety measures, physiological monitoring, and multi-camera documentation. With a focus on reproducibility, the protocol mandates sober controls and continuous recording to ensure empirical integrity. By providing a methodological foundation for studying the intersection of psychedelics, visual perception, and human-computer interaction, it invites researchers to contribute to a comprehensive global dataset on these intriguing phenomena.
Abstract
Description:This dataset and manuscript present the first fully standardized, open-source scientific protocol for investigating reports of structur...
Brain-MGF: Multimodal Graph Fusion Network for EEG-fMRI Brain Connectivity Analysis Under Psilocybin
arXiv (Cornell University) – November 23, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin profoundly reorganizes brain connectivity, a compelling finding in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. An Artificial intelligence framework, rooted in Computer science, employs an artificial neural network for graph fusion of functional magnetic resonance imaging data. This machine learning model, constructed to recognize patterns, achieved 74.0% accuracy distinguishing psilocybin's effects during meditation and 76.0% during rest. By adaptively encoding complex brain patterns at each brain node using a softmax mechanism, it offers interpretability into neural changes. Such insights could aid Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, even illuminating profound subjective states.
Abstract
Psychedelics, such as psilocybin, reorganise large-scale brain connectivity, yet how these changes are reflected across electrophysiological (elect...
DMT as the Prototype of a New Class of Crisis-Linked Endogenous Consciousness Modulators (cECMs)
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – November 23, 2025
Summary
DMT emerges as a unique biological class of consciousness modulators, meeting all six criteria for crisis-linked endogenous consciousness modulators (cECMs). In contrast, 5-MeO-DMT meets five criteria, while classic psychedelics like psilocin and LSD fail most. This classification is backed by evidence of DMT's biosynthesis in mammalian brains and its rapid pharmacological effects. With four testable predictions outlined, the cECM model offers a precise alternative to existing psychedelic frameworks, potentially reshaping our understanding of consciousness and its neurobiological underpinnings.
Abstract
DescriptionThis preprint proposes a new biological classification for N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT): crisis-linked endogenous consciousness modulato...
THE DMT–LASER INTERFERENCE PROTOCOL (Version 2): A Standardized, Open-Source Framework for Safe, Reproducible Investigation of Structured Visual Phenomena in Diffused Coherent Light Under N,N-Dimethyltryptamine
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – November 23, 2025
Summary
A groundbreaking protocol for studying structured visual phenomena, such as geometric patterns seen under red laser light while using N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), has been established. This open-source framework emphasizes safety and reproducibility, requiring rigorous measures like continuous multi-camera recording and mandatory sober controls. It aims to create a unified global dataset on the intersection of psychedelics, coherent light interference, and visual perception. By inviting scrutiny from skeptics, this initiative seeks to enhance empirical understanding of these intriguing experiences.
Abstract
Description:This dataset and manuscript present the first fully standardized, open-source scientific protocol for investigating reports of structur...
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) does not induce robust psychomotor activation and 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalisations in tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2)-deficient rats lacking serotonin in the central nervous system.
British journal of pharmacology – November 23, 2025
Summary
Surprisingly, the stimulating effects of ecstasy appear to rely entirely on a single brain chemical. Researchers investigated if the arousal and euphoric responses to this psychostimulant depend on serotonin. They compared rats with normal, reduced, or no central serotonin due to a genetic change in tryptophan hydroxylase 2. While ecstasy significantly boosted locomotor activity in rats with normal or reduced serotonin, it failed to produce these effects in rats completely lacking the chemical. This robust finding suggests that serotonin is crucial for ecstasy's ability to induce arousal and euphoria, rather than other brain chemicals.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as ecstasy, is a psychostimulant with entactogenic properties and known to induce arousal ...
Psychotrophic Compounds from Psilocybin Mushrooms
Springer protocols handbooks/Springer protocols – November 22, 2025
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Effect of esketamine on postoperative depression and anxiety in patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial.
Pharmacological research – November 22, 2025
Summary
A single dose of esketamine during cardiac valve surgery remarkably reduced postoperative depression and anxiety. Patients receiving esketamine at anesthesia induction experienced significantly lower rates of depression (7.0% vs. 31.0%) and anxiety (11.3% vs. 35.2%) a week later. This beneficial effect is associated with increased BDNF levels and reduced inflammation, offering a promising strategy to enhance mental recovery after major surgery.
Abstract
This randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial evaluated the efficacy of a single intravenous dose of esketamine (0.3mg/kg) administered at an...
Prefrontal Neurophysiological Changes Associated with Subanesthetic Esketamine Accelerating Mice Emergence from Propofol Anesthesia.
Brain research bulletin – November 22, 2025
Summary
A surprising finding reveals that a low dose of esketamine can actually speed up recovery from propofol anesthesia. Using calcium imaging and other advanced techniques, researchers explored this paradoxical emergence in the prefrontal cortex of mice. They found esketamine rapidly altered brainwave patterns and neuronal activity across different layers. Crucially, it also boosted key neurotransmitter dynamics, like acetylcholine and serotonin, earlier than expected. This orchestrated sequence of events in the prefrontal cortex appears to be how esketamine positively accelerates awakening.
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that subanesthetic dose of ketamine or its S-enantiomer, esketamine, can paradoxically accelerate the recovery of ...
Investigating Safety Concerns and Harm Reduction in Entheogenic Churches: The Case for Community-Based Participatory Research.
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences – November 22, 2025
Summary
Communities using psychedelics like Ayahuasca or Santo Daime have unique safety frameworks. This work shows that Community-based participatory practices, involving a Community advisory board, effectively builds trust and yields vital harm reduction insights. Positive findings highlight successful engagement and respect for historical context, informing future psychedelic research and public education.
Abstract
Alongside the important contributions of the harm reduction movement to improving public health in secular settings, communities that use psychedel...
The role of frontal EEG in predicting clinical response of major depressive disorder to intranasal ketamine and esketamine.
Journal of affective disorders – November 22, 2025
Summary
Brainwave patterns may predict who responds to rapid-acting depression treatments. Researchers found that specific frontal EEG biomarker patterns, like increased functional connectivity and decreased Entropy, before treatment, successfully identified individuals with Depression who would benefit from Ketamine or Esketamine. These distinct brain signals offer a promising way to personalize care, highlighting the potential of EEG to guide effective treatment for depression.
Abstract
Ketamine and its enantiomer esketamine are NMDA receptor antagonists that have shown consistent antidepressant effects in major depression disorder...
Cognitive outcomes following psilocybin-assisted therapy in treatment-resistant depression: A post-hoc analysis of a randomized, waitlist-controlled trial
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry – November 22, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin-assisted therapy was linked to modest, short-term improvements in mental quickness and problem-solving for individuals with severe depression resistant to other treatments. These cognitive gains appeared independent of mood changes. Crucially, the observed improvements did not consistently exceed what might be expected from simply practicing the tests. This raises questions about whether the benefits truly reflect psilocybin's brain-boosting effects or are influenced by factors like test familiarity or concurrent mood shifts.
Abstract
PAP was associated with modest, short-term improvements in performance on measures of processing speed and executive function among individuals wit...