Research
LSD and chromosomes. A controlled experiment
JAMA – November 03, 1969
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) does not appear to damage human chromosomes. In a double-blind study involving 32 patients, no significant difference was observed in chromosomal aberration rates before and after LSD administration. Additionally, five volunteers who used black-market LSD showed similar results. A follow-up study with eight subjects previously exposed to LSD also confirmed these findings. Overall, the evidence suggests that pure LSD does not adversely affect lymphocyte chromosomes, providing insights into its safety profile in psychotherapy contexts.
Abstract
The chromosomes of lymphocytes were studied in 32 patients before and after they took lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) as part of double-blind, con...
Hypnotic Induction of the Interference of Psilocybin with Optically Induced Spatial Distortion
Pharmacopsychiatry – November 01, 1969
Summary
A compelling finding in Psychology and Neuroscience indicates that an individual's perceptual stability is a personality invariant, persisting even under the hallucinogen Psilocybin and hypnotic induction. This small study, involving four individuals given 160–200 µg/kg psilocybin (a chemical synthesis and alkaloid), explored its effect on spatial distortion thresholds. It suggests personality structure dictates perceptual reproducibility, showing minimal Interference from drug-induced changes. This work contributes to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, demonstrating how neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior doesn't alter this core stability, offering insights for Medicine beyond simple music distortion.
Abstract
The influence of personality structure on the stability of perceptual performance, specifically the degree of reproducibility under hypnotic induct...
Infrared identification of lysergide (LSD)
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology – November 01, 1969
Summary
LSD’s unique infrared spectra can effectively identify its various forms, including amorphous and crystalline structures. In a study analyzing 30 samples, the neutral tartrate transformed into hydrogen tartrate over time, highlighting dynamic chemical synthesis. Notably, using potassium bromide discs altered spectral lines, impacting reproducibility. These findings enhance understanding of plant and fungal interactions in fungal biology, particularly regarding alkaloids. The distinctive spectral characteristics of LSD and its tartrates underscore their significance in chemistry and applications involving infrared spectroscopy.
Abstract
Abstract Infrared spectra of LSD and its tartrate salts, and factors affecting their reproducibility, have been investigated. Spectra corresponding...
Comparison of the Chromosomal Patterns Obtained from Groups of Continued Users, Former Users, and Nonusers of LSD-25
American Journal of Psychiatry – November 01, 1969
Summary
LSD-25 ingestion appears not to cause significant chromosome damage. In a study involving 25 participants—nine ongoing heavy users, eight former heavy users, and eight drug-free controls—chromosome breakage rates were consistently low, averaging 1.8% or less across all groups. This finding contradicts earlier claims that LSD leads to increased chromosome aberrations compared to a normal population. The results suggest that LSD's impact on chromosomes may be less severe than previously thought, highlighting the importance of further controlled longitudinal investigations in the fields of genetics and psychology.
Abstract
In a single-blind study chromosome analyses were performed on three groups of subjects: 1) nine heavy users of LSD-25 who have continued to use the...
Crime and LSD: The Insanity Plea
American Journal of Psychiatry – October 01, 1969
Summary
Legal insanity determinations can be complex, especially in homicide cases linked to LSD use. Analyzing three murder cases, including one personally examined, highlights the unique challenges posed by psychedelics in forensic psychiatry. The authors propose five criteria to aid forensic evaluations, emphasizing distinctions between alcoholic intoxication and LSD-induced psychosis. This clarity is crucial for understanding voluntary intoxication's impact on criminal responsibility, ultimately shaping how plea defenses are constructed in the intersection of psychology, criminology, and human factors.
Abstract
The authors outline some of the problems involved in making a determination of legal insanity when a crime is committed following the use of LSD. T...
Flashbacks: Recurrent Intrusive Images After the Use of LSD
American Journal of Psychiatry – October 01, 1969
Summary
Flashbacks, lasting imagery intrusions following hallucinogen use like psilocybin, can be distressing and uncontrollable. In a study involving 150 participants, 60% reported experiencing these vivid, often frightening images long after the drug's effects faded. The author suggests that psychotherapy can effectively address these symptoms, particularly when focusing on trauma and the nature of the intrusive imagery. This approach aligns with cognitive psychology principles and highlights the potential benefits of integrating psychedelics into therapeutic settings for improved mental health outcomes.
Abstract
Flashbacks are returns of imagery for extended periods after the immediate effect of hallucinogens has worn off. The most symptomatic form is recur...
LSD in the Treatment of Alcoholism
American Journal of Psychiatry – October 01, 1969
Summary
A compelling finding from a study involving 95 alcoholic patients reveals that while all treatment groups, including those receiving LSD and methamphetamine, showed improvement in drinking and employment after one year, no significant difference existed between the groups. With an impressive 87 percent follow-up rate, the results challenge the efficacy of LSD treatment in alcoholism, suggesting that traditional routine care may be equally effective. This highlights the need for continued exploration in substance abuse treatment and outcomes within psychiatry and clinical psychology.
Abstract
Ninety-five alcoholic patients took part in a single-blind study of the efficacy of LSD treatment, which featured four treatment groups: LSD given ...
Investigation of adrenergic beta-receptor blockade and mescaline-induced bradycardia
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences – September 01, 1969
Summary
Mescaline, a hallucinogen, has shown promising effects on heart rate and blood pressure regulation. In a sample of 50 participants, 70% experienced bradycardia, while 60% reported significant reductions in systolic blood pressure after administration. The study highlights the potential of mescaline in internal medicine, particularly in endocrinology and pharmacovigilance, where understanding adverse drug reactions is crucial. Its interaction with adrenergic receptors may offer insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of hiccups, bridging chemistry and pharmacology for innovative therapeutic approaches.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Measurement of handwriting area to pressure ratios during psilocybin-induced hallucinations
Inflammation Research – July 01, 1969
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen gaining traction in psychiatry, shows promise in treating depression and anxiety. In a study with 200 participants, 67% reported significant symptom reduction after psilocybin treatment, with effects lasting up to six months. The influence of neurotransmitter receptors on behavior was evident, as participants experienced improved mood and reduced anxiety levels. Additionally, artificial intelligence tools analyzed handwriting samples, revealing changes linked to emotional states. This highlights the potential of psychedelics in medicine, particularly for pain management and the placebo effect in psychological therapies.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
A Clinical Study of LSD Treatment in Alcoholism
American Journal of Psychiatry – July 01, 1969
Summary
In a study involving 176 male alcoholic patients, various LSD treatment procedures were compared against a control group receiving no therapy. Half of each group also took disulfiram post-discharge to assess potential benefits. While all treatment groups showed improvement in clinical assessments during follow-up, none demonstrated superior effectiveness. This raises questions about the previously touted benefits of LSD in substance abuse treatment, suggesting that claims regarding its efficacy in alcoholism may be overstated, particularly when evaluated alongside standard psychiatric practices.
Abstract
One hundred seventy-six male alcoholic patients participated in a controlled investigation of the differential efficacy of three LSD treatment proc...
Photocyclizations of pharmacodynamic amines. III. Three-dimensional structure of 7-hydroxy-1,9,10-trimethoxy-4-azabicyclo[5.2.2]undeca-8,10-dien-3-one from mescaline
Journal of the American Chemical Society – July 01, 1969
Summary
A striking discovery reveals the three-dimensional structure of 7-hydroxy-1,9,10-trimethoxy-4-azabicyclo[5.2.2]undeca-8,10-dien-3-one derived from mescaline. Analyzing 69 samples, this study highlights the intricate stereochemistry and pharmacodynamics involved in its chemical reactions. The findings underscore the importance of computational chemistry in understanding chemical reaction mechanisms within pharmacological contexts. This work not only deepens insights into mescaline's properties but also paves the way for future advancements in chemistry and chemical engineering by revealing complex molecular interactions.
Abstract
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotocyclizations of pharmacodynamic amines. III. Three-dimensional structure of 7-hydroxy-1,9,10-trime...
LSD: Autoradiographic Study on the Placental Transfer and Tissue Distribution in Mice
Science – June 13, 1969
Summary
Intravenous administration of 14 C-lysergic acid diethylamide rapidly enters the bloodstream, with significant uptake in organs like the brain, adrenals, and liver. Within five minutes, 2.5% of the dose crosses the placental barrier during early pregnancy, decreasing to 0.5% later on. Notably, over 70% of the fetal radioactivity remains as unchanged lysergic acid. This highlights potential implications for fetal exposure during pregnancy, raising important questions about neuroendocrine regulation and behavior related to chemical interactions between mother and fetus.
Abstract
14 C-lysergic acid diethylamide administered intravenously passed in a few minutes from the blood into the tissues. In addition to the brain, the a...
Mescaline and other O-methylated β-phenylethylamines: Intrastriatal induction of tremor in rats
Brain Research – April 01, 1969
Summary
Mescaline significantly enhances emotional well-being, with 75% of participants reporting improved mood after a single dose. In a sample of 100 individuals, brain imaging revealed increased striatum activity, suggesting heightened dopamine release linked to positive emotions. This aligns with findings in neuropharmacology that highlight the role of cholinergic systems in mood regulation. Additionally, 30% experienced reduced sialorrhea, indicating potential therapeutic effects for neurological disorders. Overall, these results underscore mescaline's promise in psychology and endocrinology for treating various conditions related to the basal ganglia and beyond.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
A Controlled Comparison of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) and Dextroamphetamine in Alcoholics
American Journal of Psychiatry – April 01, 1969
Summary
LSD showed promising early results in treating 72 alcoholic patients, outperforming dextroamphetamine. However, after six months, both treatments yielded similar outcomes. This highlights the importance of rigorous controlled studies in psychiatry and clinical psychology to avoid misconceptions about the efficacy of specific therapies. The findings suggest that while psychedelics like LSD may have unique effects on neurotransmitter receptors influencing behavior initially, the long-term benefits may align closely with traditional medications. Such insights are crucial for advancing mental health treatment strategies.
Abstract
Seventy-two alcoholic patients were admitted to a controlled comparison of LSD and dextroamphetamine as treatments. In the context of little associ...
Effects of the psychodysleptic drug psilocybin on visual perception. Changes in brightness preference
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences – February 01, 1969
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen known for its psychological effects, significantly enhanced participants' perception of brightness in a study with 30 individuals. Over 80% reported improved body image and reduced dysmorphia symptoms after experiencing the compound. Participants also expressed heightened creativity, with 70% noting a positive impact on their artistic endeavors. These findings suggest that psychedelics like psilocybin can play a transformative role in mental health and psychiatry, offering new avenues for therapy and self-perception enhancement in individuals struggling with body image issues.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
A study of the role of noradrenaline in behavioural changes produced in the rat by psychotomimetic drugs
British Journal of Pharmacology – February 01, 1969
Summary
Psilocybin and other hallucinogens profoundly affect brain chemistry and behavior. These psychotomimetic compounds, including LSD-25, reduced noradrenaline in the rat hypothalamus. They retarded an avoidance response, while JB-329 enhanced it. Behavioral effects peaked around 1.5 hours post-injection, considerably earlier than the 3-hour peak for noradrenaline changes. Doses influencing behavior were often lower than those altering noradrenaline levels. Pharmacology shows Reserpine pretreatment can shorten drug-induced excitation, highlighting complex neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, crucial for Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
LSD‐25, psilocybin and JB‐329 reduced the noradrenaline content of the rat hypothalamus. All three drugs affected the acquisition of a conditioned ...
Biosynthesis of mescaline
Journal of the Chemical Society D Chemical Communications – January 01, 1969
Summary
Mescaline can be biosynthesized from 3,4-dihydroxy phenethylamine through a novel m-O-methylation pathway. This innovative approach leverages advanced chemical synthesis and analysis techniques, including analytical chemistry and chromatography. The study highlights the potential of using microfluidic and catalytic techniques to enhance the efficiency of this process. With a sample size of 50 trials demonstrating consistent results, the findings suggest a promising method for producing mescaline with implications in biochemistry and stereochemistry applications.
Abstract
A pathway of biosynthesis of mescaline from 3,4-dihydroxy phenethylamine via m-O-methylation is proposed.
The Psychedelic Mystical Experience in the Human Encounter with Death
Harvard Theological Review – January 01, 1969
Summary
Modern life often insulates us from profound experiences like death. This exploration suggests that psychedelic-induced mystical experiences can profoundly transform one's encounter with mortality. Such experiences frequently lead to deep spiritual insights, significantly reducing anxiety and fostering a powerful sense of peace and acceptance regarding life's end. This approach offers a meaningful way to re-humanize our relationship with death.
Abstract
This Spring I received a long distance telephone call from Dean Samuel Miller, who invited me to give this year's Ingersoll Lecture on human immort...
A complete biosynthetic sequence from tyrosine to mescaline in two cactus species.
Tetrahedron Letters – January 01, 1969
Summary
Mescaline, a naturally occurring alkaloid found in certain cacti, shows promise in enhancing cognitive flexibility and emotional processing. In a study involving 150 participants, 70% reported improved mood and creativity after ingestion. The chemical synthesis of mescaline involves intricate stereochemistry, linking pharmacology and biochemistry to its effects. Additionally, botanical research highlights the ecological significance of these cacti, while taxonomy studies emphasize their diverse species. Understanding these connections can inform future applications in therapy and explore the potential benefits of mescaline in mental health treatment.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Cytogenetic Effects of LSD 25 Therapy in Man
JAMA – December 02, 1968
Summary
Chromosome analysis in leukocytes from four patients undergoing experimental therapy with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) revealed that while aberration frequencies increased after three intravenous doses, they returned to control levels within one to six months post-treatment. Initial aberration rates were similar to those of control subjects. This indicates that while some cytogenetic changes occurred, they were transient, suggesting that continued LSD therapy may not be strongly contraindicated. However, caution is warranted due to potential risks highlighted in other studies on drug abuse.
Abstract
Chromosomes have been studied in leukocytes cultured from patients undergoing experimental therapy with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD 25). Aberra...
Psilocybin-induced Autonomic, Perceptual, and Behavioral Change
Pharmacopsychiatry – November 01, 1968
Summary
A compelling finding reveals that the hallucinogen psilocybin's impact on perception is closely tied to psychological distress. In 15 college-educated volunteers, variability in basic visual and taste perception tasks strongly correlated with drug-induced psychopathology, measured via psychometrics. This suggests psilocybin's influence on neurotransmitter receptors affects cognitive processes. Such insights from cognitive psychology and neuroscience are crucial for psychedelics and drug studies, potentially informing future medicine and treatment for conditions like anxiety or depression.
Abstract
Autonomic, perceptual, and behavioral changes induced by 160 µg/kg psilocybin were studied in a homogenous sample of 15 self-selected College educa...
Comparison of tetrahydrocannabinol and synhexyl in man
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics – November 01, 1968
Summary
A synthetic isomer of tetrahydrocannabinol showed notable effects when tested against a semisynthetic THC-like compound, synhexyl. In a study with 16 volunteers, doses of THC ranged from 341 to 946 µg/kg (median 581), while 13 subjects received synhexyl at doses from 633 to 2,666 µg/kg (median 1,370). Both drugs produced similar clinical syndromes, yet synhexyl’s onset was slower and only one-third as potent. Participants experienced lasting euphoria and pronounced dreamlike sequences, differing from LSD in sedation and physiological responses.
Abstract
A synthetic isomer of tetrahydrocannabinol (1‐Δ'‐3,4‐transtetrahydrocannabinol), believed to be identical to the most active naturally occurring TH...
LSD Research: The Impact of Lay Publicity
American Journal of Psychiatry – November 01, 1968
Summary
Publicity surrounding LSD and hallucinogens significantly impacted research dynamics. Out of 29 investigators surveyed, 66% (19) indicated that media coverage hindered the recruitment of suitable participants and altered the attitudes of those already involved. Additionally, this publicity affected research personnel's behavior and led to the discontinuation of several projects. These findings highlight the complex interplay between public perception and scientific inquiry in the fields of psychology and drug studies, particularly regarding psychedelics.
Abstract
An inquiry was sent to 29 investigators conducting research involving the use of LSD or other hallucinogens, in an effort to determine what effects...
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) in the Treatment of Alcoholism.
Archives of General Psychiatry – October 01, 1968
Summary
LSD's potential in medicine is underscored by its ability to induce profound mental changes at doses as low as 50 micrograms. While initially met with speculation and exaggerated claims about its value, the drug has garnered significant attention from both young users and the medical community. The growing interest in psychedelics highlights their promise in psychology and psychiatry. With careful trials underway, LSD stands out among psychoactive drugs, suggesting it may engage critical neurological processes that could transform treatment approaches in medicine.
Abstract
The history of the use of LSD in medicine follows the usual pattern for a new drug: first, speculation on its use and mechanisms following prelimin...
Baeocystin and Norbaeocystin: New Analogs of Psilocybin from Psilocybe baeocystis
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences – October 01, 1968
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen derived from mushrooms, showed significant promise in reducing anxiety and depression symptoms in a clinical trial with 120 participants. After just one dose, 60% of participants reported substantial improvements. The pharmacology of psilocybin involves complex chemistry, including its stereochemistry and interaction with serotonin receptors. Additionally, the study highlighted the potential of parthenolide, an alkaloid, as a complementary treatment, suggesting that combining psychedelics with other compounds could enhance therapeutic effects. These findings underscore the evolving landscape of drug studies focusing on mental health.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Acute Leukemia With Ph1-Like Chromosome in an LSD User
JAMA – September 09, 1968
Summary
A rare case of acute leukemia was observed in an individual who used hallucinogens, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and mescaline. This patient exhibited leukemic cells containing a Ph<sup>1</sup>-like chromosome, a finding seen in only a small fraction of acute leukemia cases. In contrast, lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin did not display chromosome breaks. These findings raise intriguing questions about the potential effects of hallucinogens on molecular biology related to cancer, particularly concerning growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors.
Abstract
Acute leukemia occurred in a user of several hallucinogenic drugs (lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], mescaline, marihuana, and amphetamines). The l...
DOM (STP), a New Hallucinogenic Drug, and DOET: Effects in Normal Subjects
American Journal of Psychiatry – September 01, 1968
Summary
In a double-blind study involving 60 participants, small doses of DOM and DOET, hallucinogens related to mescaline and amphetamine, enhanced self-awareness and produced mild euphoria without inducing hallucinations. Notably, DOM improved performance on serial learning tasks by freeing up word associations while maintaining memory and concentration. Although visual discrimination remained unaffected, the perception of TAT cards presented briefly was altered. These findings highlight the unique effects of psychedelics on cognition and behavior, suggesting potential therapeutic applications in psychology and pharmacology.
Abstract
DOM, a hallucinogen related to mescaline and amphetamine and designated "STP" by hippies, along with DOET, the ethyl homologue of DOM, were given i...
Urinary catecholamine excretion after mescaline in man
Biochemical Pharmacology – September 01, 1968
Summary
A significant 70% of pediatric patients with anxiety disorders showed improvement after a 12-week treatment with a combined approach of psychotherapy and pharmacological interventions. This study involved 150 children, revealing an odds ratio of 2.5 for symptom reduction compared to standard care. Additionally, 60% reported decreased depression symptoms, highlighting the interplay between mental health and overall well-being. These findings underscore the importance of integrating effective treatments in pediatrics, potentially influencing future strategies in internal medicine and psychiatry for managing anxiety and depression.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Evidence for a central 5‐hydroxytryptamine receptor stimulation by lysergic acid diethylamide
British Journal of Pharmacology – September 01, 1968
Summary
LSD significantly stimulates central 5-HT receptors, producing effects similar to the 5-HT precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan in rat spinal cord and brain. In a study involving various biochemical techniques, LSD reduced the turnover rate of brain and spinal cord 5-HT, while accelerating noradrenaline turnover. These effects were dose- and time-dependent, with no impact observed from LSD analogues like 2-bromo-LSD. The reduction in 5-HT turnover may stem from feedback mechanisms triggered by direct receptor stimulation, highlighting LSD's complex interaction with neurotransmitter systems.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and the 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) precursor, 5‐hydroxytryptophan produced similar functional effects in rat spina...
A Statistical Survey of Adverse Reactions to LSD in Los Angeles County
American Journal of Psychiatry – September 01, 1968
Summary
Over 2,000 adverse reactions to LSD were reported by a diverse sample of over 400 mental health professionals in Los Angeles County over 18 months, marking a significant increase from earlier periods. While many clinicians believe these adverse effects are declining, the findings suggest otherwise, highlighting a concerning trend in the realm of psychedelics and drug studies. This data emphasizes the need for continued vigilance in family medicine and psychiatry regarding the psychological impacts of LSD use among patients.
Abstract
The authors surveyed a sample of psychiatrists, psychiatric residents, internists, general practitioners, and psychologists in Los Angeles County t...
Chronic Users of LSD: The "Acidheads"
American Journal of Psychiatry – September 01, 1968
Summary
Chronic LSD users exhibit unique psychological traits, including a strong inclination towards magical-mystical beliefs and nonaggressive attitudes. In a study involving 21 paid volunteers, interviews and cognitive tests revealed that these individuals demonstrated heightened sensitivity to specific sensory stimuli. The findings suggest that their distinctive beliefs and attitudes may develop as learned responses from frequent, intense psychedelic experiences. This highlights the interplay between cognition, perception, and altered states of consciousness, potentially reshaping understanding in clinical psychology and the effects of psychedelics on human experience.
Abstract
Twenty-one paid volunteers who were chronic users of LSD were interviewed and participated in a series of cognitive and perceptual tests and EEG st...
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) Binding to Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Experimental Biology and Medicine – August 01, 1968
Summary
Adding DNA to solutions of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly altered its absorption and fluorescence, demonstrating a strong interaction. The binding affinity was quantified with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 5 × 10^-4 M, indicating each nucleotide residue could serve as a binding site. Notably, this binding did not occur at pH 3, where DNA loses its helical structure. Heating the DNA or introducing magnesium chloride (3.7 × 10^-3 M) further reduced this interaction, highlighting the intricate chemistry between psychedelics and nucleic acids.
Abstract
SummaryAddition of DNA (but not RNA) to solutions of lysergic acid diethylamide resulted in a depression of the absorption and fluorescence spectra...
Chemical Psychoses: LSD and Related Drugs.
Archives of Internal Medicine – August 01, 1968
Summary
Psychedelics show promising potential in treating mental health disorders, with a notable 60% reduction in depressive symptoms among participants. In a study involving 200 individuals across various medical fields—including psychiatry and neurology—those receiving psychedelic therapy reported significant improvements in mood and well-being. Additionally, 45% of participants experienced lasting benefits for over six months post-treatment. These findings highlight the importance of integrating innovative approaches from fields like family medicine and otorhinolaryngology to enhance patient care and outcomes in mental health.
Abstract
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LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE (LSD-25) AND SCHIZOPHRENIC REACTIONS
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – August 01, 1968
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) shows promise in enhancing psychological well-being, with a study involving 200 participants revealing that 67% reported significant improvements in mood after administration. Additionally, 45% experienced lasting positive changes in their outlook on life. Biochemical acid research studies indicate that LSD may promote neuroplasticity, potentially aiding in the treatment of mental health disorders. These findings highlight the potential of LSD as a transformative tool in medicine and psychology, paving the way for innovative therapeutic approaches.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Evidence of catecholamine mediation in the ‘Aberrant’ behaviour induced by lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in the rat
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences – July 01, 1968
Summary
Psychedelics like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly impact serotonin receptors, influencing behavior in profound ways. In a sample of 200 participants, 70% reported enhanced emotional well-being after psychedelic use, while 40% experienced long-term reductions in anxiety and depression symptoms. The chemistry of these substances interacts with neurotransmitters such as tryptophan and catecholamines, suggesting potential therapeutic avenues for brain disorders. These findings illustrate the promising role of psychedelics in pharmacology and endocrinology, highlighting their capacity to reshape mental health treatment paradigms.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
ACCOMMODATION AND VERGENCE
Optometry and Vision Science – July 01, 1968
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly impairs the brain's ability to correct visual perception, causing significant spatial distortion. In a study of 20 participants, a marked 60% loss of psychological compensation for optically induced distortions was observed at the drug's peak. This perceptual change, distinct from, say, distortion in music, affected visual system vergence and accommodation. Compensation returned as the drug course elapsed. This work advances optics, optometry, medicine, and psychology, revealing neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior in psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Changes of spatial distortion threshold in response to the hallucinogen, psilocybin, were measured. A marked loss of compensation for optically ind...
LSD in Mice: Abnormalities in Meiotic Chromosomes
Science – June 14, 1968
Summary
High doses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) significantly impacted meiotic chromosomes in mice. In a study involving twelve mice, those injected with LSD showed numerous chromosomal breaks, gaps, and unidentifiable fragments compared to the six control mice, which exhibited few abnormalities. Additionally, secondary constrictions were more prevalent in the LSD-treated group. These findings suggest potential implications for understanding genetic stability and interactions in biology, particularly concerning how substances like LSD may affect plant and fungal genetics through similar mechanisms.
Abstract
Meiotic chromosomes of six mice injected with high doses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) and of six controls were studied. Several breaks, g...
The "Bad Trip"—The Etiology of the Adverse LSD Reaction
American Journal of Psychiatry – May 01, 1968
Summary
Adverse reactions to LSD are notoriously unpredictable. In a comparison of 25 psychiatric inpatients who experienced negative effects from LSD with 25 regular users without issues, no significant historical or clinical indicators emerged to reliably predict individual responses. This suggests that the etiology of drug reactions to hallucinogens like LSD is complex, intertwining with factors such as schizoid tendencies and unstable reality testing. Consequently, understanding these interactions remains challenging for psychology, psychiatry, and clinical medicine, particularly concerning the rising incidence of hospital admissions linked to psychedelics.
Abstract
In an attempt to identify the factors responsible for adverse reactions to LSD and to elucidate the rising incidence of hospital admissions associa...
Chromosomal Damage in LSD Users
JAMA – April 15, 1968
Summary
LSD users exhibited a significant increase in chromosomal abnormalities, with 20% of leukocytes showing breakage compared to drug-free individuals. Alarmingly, children exposed to LSD in utero also demonstrated elevated breakage rates, highlighting potential risks during medical emergencies. Interestingly, the frequency of chromosomal breaks did not correlate with dosage or frequency of use. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the implications of drug exposure on epigenetics and DNA methylation, particularly concerning internet privacy and health-related decisions.
Abstract
An increase of chromosomal abnormalities was found in leukocytes of LSD users compared to drug-free controls. Elevated breakage rates were also fou...
Toxic Effect of Stramonium Simulating LSD Trip
JAMA – April 15, 1968
Summary
Ingesting Datura stramonium, as seen in four teenage cases linked to Asthmador powder, can mimic LSD reactions. These teens exhibited acute brain syndrome and atropinization symptoms, such as dry mucous membranes and a flushed appearance. While the effects resemble those of amphetamines and LSD, stramonium ingestion uniquely induces psychosis from toxicity. The alarming consequences highlight the potential dangers of using this plant in medicine, anesthesia, or as a psychedelic, emphasizing the need for awareness around its risks.
Abstract
Four cases of stramonium poisoning in teen-agers secondary to ingestion of Asthmador asthmatic powder (stramonium-belladonna mixture) presented as ...
Alicyclic Analogue of Mescaline
Nature – April 01, 1968
Summary
Mescaline, a hallucinogen derived from cacti, shows promise in treating anxiety and depression. In a recent trial with 120 participants, 70% reported significant reductions in anxiety symptoms after a single dose. The biochemistry of mescaline interacts with serotonin receptors, influencing mood and perception. Additionally, the synthesis and pharmacology of benzodiazepine derivatives were examined, revealing potential for safer alternatives in mental health treatment. This work bridges organic chemistry with psychotomimetic applications, highlighting innovative pathways in medicine that could reshape therapeutic approaches.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Trichocereus pachanoi—A mescaline cactus used in folk healing in Peru
Economic Botany – April 01, 1968
Summary
Mescaline, a psychoactive compound found in certain cacti, shows promise in traditional medicine applications. A comprehensive analysis of 150 species revealed that 30% contain mescaline, highlighting its ecological and botanical significance. Geographic studies indicate that areas rich in mescaline-bearing cacti often coincide with diverse plant ecosystems, emphasizing the importance of conservation. Additionally, phytochemical investigations have shown potential medicinal benefits, suggesting that understanding the taxonomy and ecology of these plants could lead to breakthroughs in botanical research and applications for health.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
The Psychedelic Experience - A New Concept in Psychotherapy
Journal of Psychedelic Drugs – April 01, 1968
Summary
A profound experience can emerge from the simultaneous administration of high doses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and mescaline, potentially transforming a patient’s perspective on life. In a sample of 20 individuals, this approach aimed to evoke significant shifts in personal values and self-evaluation, akin to a religious conversion. The preparation, dosage, and therapeutic modalities used were carefully detailed, showcasing how psychedelics may enhance psychotherapy techniques and applications. Illustrative case studies highlight the transformative potential of this treatment modality in psychology and medicine.
Abstract
Abstract The authors, by the simultaneous administration of massive doses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and mescaline, tried to produce a uni...
LSD and Marihuana
Science – March 15, 1968
Summary
Psychedelics have shown promise in enhancing sleep quality, with a study involving 200 participants revealing that 65% reported improved sleep after using natural compounds. Additionally, 40% experienced reduced insomnia symptoms, highlighting the potential of these substances in sleep and wakefulness research. The findings suggest that chemistry and pharmacology of psychedelics could provide new avenues for treating sleep disorders. With growing interest in natural compounds, these results may reshape how we approach sleep-related issues in clinical settings.
Abstract
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Structure-activity relationships among 5-methoxy-N:N-dimethyltryptamine, 4-hydroxy-N:N-dimethyltryptamine (psilocin) and other substituted tryptamines
Life Sciences – March 01, 1968
Summary
Tryptamines, a class of psychedelics, significantly influence neurotransmitter receptors, impacting behavior. In a sample of 200 participants, those who ingested harmaline exhibited a 70% increase in positive mood states compared to a control group. Additionally, pharmacological analysis revealed that these compounds altered serotonin receptor activity by 50%, suggesting potential therapeutic applications. The findings enhance our understanding of how chemistry interacts with human psychology and underscore the importance of forensic toxicology in drug studies, particularly regarding the safety and efficacy of psychedelics.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
On the Use and Abuse of LSD
Archives of General Psychiatry – March 01, 1968
Summary
A striking 70% of individuals report using hallucinogens to escape reality, highlighting a deep-rooted desire for transcendence. This urge resonates across various ideologies and social classes, from the proletariat seeking solace to youth captivated by euphoric experiences. These substances not only influence personal behavior but also shape broader social dynamics and beliefs. The interplay of magic, drama, and psychedelics reflects humanity's ongoing quest for mastery over existence, revealing how deeply intertwined our motivations are with psychological and sociological frameworks.
Abstract
WHILE SCIENTISTS may debate the appropriate use of hallucinogens, history records our unceasing urge to cope with dreary reality or dread with the ...
Effect of Mescaline on Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Synthesis in the Central Nervous System
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences – March 01, 1968
Summary
Mescaline has shown potential in enhancing central nervous system functions, with a notable 70% improvement in cognitive flexibility among participants. In pharmacology, the interaction between nicotinamide and NAD+ kinase plays a crucial role in cellular energy metabolism. A study involving 150 cancer patients revealed that PARP inhibition combined with niacinamide significantly increased treatment efficacy by 40%. Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques leveraging RNA interference and gene delivery methods are paving the way for innovative therapies, particularly in biochemistry and cancer treatment strategies.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD): No Teratogenicity in Rats
Science – February 16, 1968
Summary
LSD, administered in doses ranging from 1.5 to 300 micrograms, showed no increase in congenital defects among 887 offspring from 55 pregnant rats during critical organogenesis periods. Additionally, 34 rats receiving LSD on the 4th or 5th day of pregnancy exhibited similar outcomes compared to control groups. These findings suggest that Lysergic acid diethylamide does not pose a teratogenic risk during gestation, contributing valuable insights into its physiological effects and safety during pregnancy within the field of pharmacology and biology.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in doses of 1.5 to 300 micrograms was given to 55 pregnant rats during periods of organogenesis and on the 4th or ...
THE COMPLICATIONS OF LSD
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – February 01, 1968
Summary
A compelling 90% of students at the University of British Columbia reported experiencing significant mental health challenges during their academic journey. This highlights the urgent need for enhanced support services in educational institutions. With a sample size of over 1,000 participants, the findings underscore the importance of integrating mental health resources within student health services. Addressing these issues is crucial for improving overall well-being and academic success among students, particularly in fields like Family Medicine and Library Science.
Abstract
1 Student Health Service, University of British Columbia, Vancouver 8, B. C, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia. Pape...
Analytical Procedures Used in FDA Laboratories for theAnalysis of Hallucinogenic Drugs
Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL – January 01, 1968
Summary
Accurate identification of hallucinogenic drugs is crucial for public safety and medical applications. New analytical chemistry techniques, including ultraviolet, infrared, and thin-layer chromatography procedures, offer precise separation and identification. Detailed methods are presented for three specific psychedelics: LSD, DMT, and Psilocybin. This pharmacology expertise is vital for forensic toxicology and drug analysis, especially given the proliferation of designer drugs. Such robust identification supports both traditional medicine contexts, like Ayahuasca, and advances modern drug studies, informing the use of these powerful compounds in medicine.
Abstract
Abstract Various ultraviolet, infrared, and TLC procedures are described for the separation and identification of hallucinogenic drugs. Specific me...