Research
Assessment of complement cascade components in patients with major depressive disorder.
Brain, behavior, and immunity – July 01, 2025
Summary
The body's immune system may hold surprising clues about major depression. Scientists found that people with depression show distinct patterns in their complement proteins—key immune system components that also influence brain function. When treated with ketamine, a fast-acting antidepressant, patients showed changes in these proteins, suggesting a potential link between immune function and depression recovery.
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the rapid-acting antidepressant ketamine has immune regulatory functions. The complement system is an important compo...
Caffeine, nicotine, cannabis, and psilocybin: Pharmacology, toxicology, and potential therapeutic uses of four naturally occurring psychoactive substances
Swiss Medical Weekly – July 01, 2025
Summary
Despite varying legal statuses, naturally occurring psychoactive drugs like Caffeine, Nicotine, Cannabis, and Psilocybin share a rich history and complex pharmacology. A comprehensive review in Drug Studies explores the toxicology and therapeutic potential of these four psychoactive substances. It details their use as medicine, from common stimulants like Caffeine to the hallucinogen Psilocybin. This work, relevant to Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research and Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, highlights each drug's risks and benefits, informing future drug development.
Abstract
Psychoactive substances are compounds that can influence perception, consciousness, cognition, and emotions. The psychoactive substances caffeine, ...
Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Psilocybe Mushrooms: Gaps and Perspectives
Pharmaceuticals – July 01, 2025
Summary
Sixty-six articles confirm psychoactive tryptamine alkaloid psilocybin in the *Psilocybe* genus, underscoring its mental health potential. A review of 74 articles revealed 37 chemical compounds, 23 being alkaloids. Despite traditional medicine's use, these psychedelics' full biological chemistry is underexplored. Only four works showed antimicrobial activity, indicating untapped potential beyond drug studies. Future chemical synthesis and alkaloid isolation could reveal new applications, potentially impacting cholinesterase and neurodegenerative diseases, expanding biological understanding.
Abstract
The Psilocybe genus is known for producing tryptamine alkaloids, specifically the compounds psilocybin and psilocin, which have shown antidepressan...
A systematic review on the role of EEG and fMRI-Neurofeedback training in the treatment of substance use disorders and behavioral addiction.
Psychiatry research – July 01, 2025
Summary
Brain training through neurofeedback shows promising results in treating substance use disorders and addiction. By monitoring brain activity through EEG and fMRI technology, patients learn to control their neural patterns, leading to reduced drug cravings and improved mental health. Studies reveal that specific brain wave protocols help patients regain control over addictive behaviors, offering a drug-free treatment option.
Abstract
Neurofeedback (NF), a form of biofeedback, is used to enhance the self-regulation of brain functions by assessing brain activity and delivering fee...
Exploring the Therapeutic Effects of Psychedelics Administered to Military Veterans in Naturalistic Retreat Settings
Brain and Behavior – July 01, 2025
Summary
Veterans attending psychedelic retreats experienced significant mental health improvements. Among 58 participants, Ayahuasca or Psilocybin therapy led to a 29.1% reduction in depression (Patient Health Questionnaire) and 26.1% in PTSD. Psilocybin generally led to greater improvements, though Ayahuasca provided a 26.4% improvement for PTSD, surpassing psilocybin's 24.8%. Women with PTSD saw a 32.1% improvement, compared to 24.1% for men. Those with more severe initial symptoms benefited most, highlighting a promising framework in psychiatry and medicine for enhancing quality of life via natural compound pharmacology.
Abstract
Abstract Background : Military veterans are at risk of various mental health conditions, with profound implications for post‐deployment quality of ...
Exploring psychedelic experiences among people who regularly use methamphetamine: Findings from an international survey.
Drug and alcohol dependence – July 01, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics may offer hope for those struggling with methamphetamine addiction. In a survey of 268 regular meth users, those who had psychedelic experiences reported notable benefits. 59% saw improved mood, while 34% reduced their meth use. Planned sessions in supportive settings led to better outcomes than unplanned or recreational use, especially when other substances weren't involved.
Abstract
Methamphetamine use disorder, associated with significant morbidity and mortality, has limited effective treatments. Psychedelic-assisted psychothe...
Examining mystical experiences as a predictor of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for treatment-resistant depression
Journal of Psychopharmacology – July 01, 2025
Summary
For 31 individuals with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder, a single 25 mg dose of psilocybin, administered in a therapeutic context with a psychotherapist, yielded a greater antidepressant effect when accompanied by profound mystical experiences. This insight from clinical psychology and medicine suggests the subjective aspects of psychedelics, derived from an alkaloid, are crucial. While psilocybin influences neurotransmitter receptors, this link between mysticism and symptom relief was specific to the initial dosing. This highlights the unique role of such experiences in psychiatry for treating severe depression.
Abstract
Background: Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) is a promising treatment for various psychiatric disorders. However, the exact biological and p...
The Induction of Dissociative States: A Meta-Analysis.
Biological psychiatry global open science – July 01, 2025
Summary
Remarkably, specific techniques can reliably induce dissociative states as profound as those seen in conditions like PTSD. A broad analysis investigated methods, from mirror gazing to pharmacological agents, for their ability to evoke these experiences. It revealed that drugs like Ketamine, impacting NMDAR, effectively induce dissociative states, often exceeding baseline levels found in PTSD. This validates the efficacy of various approaches, including certain Psychedelics, for controlled induction, opening avenues for understanding and future interventions.
Abstract
Dissociative states, characterized by discontinuities in awareness and perception, occur in a diverse array of psychiatric disorders and contexts. ...
Managing 'bad trips': Nursing considerations and safety of psychedelic 'trip killers'.
Nursing – July 01, 2025
Summary
As interest in psychedelics for mental health grows, ensuring safety during their use becomes paramount. This paper explores how to safely manage challenging experiences, particularly outside controlled psychotherapy settings. It highlights the role of "trip killers" and "trip sitters" in mitigating adverse reactions. Crucially, it outlines vital nursing considerations for patient well-being, promoting safer engagement with psychedelics.
Abstract
Psychedelic use in clinical settings is emerging as a way to treat a variety of psychiatric illnesses. However, psychedelic use primarily occurs in...
Can ketamine therapy overcome treatment-resistant depression in Alzheimer's disease and older adults? Preclinical and clinical evidence.
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie – July 01, 2025
Summary
Ketamine therapy shows promising results in elderly patients who haven't responded to traditional depression treatments. This rapid-acting medication helps both older adults and those with Alzheimer's disease experience significant mood improvements. Studies reveal that ketamine and its derivative esketamine work differently than standard antidepressants, targeting brain receptors that may be key to treating late-life depression.
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) presents substantial clinical challenges, particularly in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and older adu...
Efficient Acyloxymethylation of Psilocin and Other Tryptamines Yielding ACOM Prodrugs for Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy.
Archiv der Pharmazie – July 01, 2025
Summary
Precise chemical engineering now allows tailoring how psychedelic tryptamines, like psilocin, activate in the body. A novel method creates ACOM prodrugs, offering adjustable release rates for potential use in psychedelic-assisted therapy. Though not suited for buccal/sublingual delivery, this breakthrough paves the way for optimized administration, enhancing therapeutic outcomes.
Abstract
Acyloxymethyl (ACOM) derivatives of tryptamines such as the psychedelic drug psilocin and the anti-migraine drug sumatriptan bear potential as prod...
Acute ketamine enhances social behavior and dendritic plasticity in the amygdala by increasing BDNF, GAP43, and TRKB presence following excitotoxic neonatal ibotenic acid lesion.
Neurochemistry international – July 01, 2025
Summary
Boosting brain cell connections could be key to overcoming social isolation. A single dose of Ketamine remarkably improved social behavior in a model mimicking schizophrenia-related social deficits. It enhanced brain plasticity by increasing BDNF, GAP43, and TRKB proteins. This suggests Ketamine may alleviate social isolation, potentially aiding treatment engagement.
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly disabling psychopathology that is a significant burden on public health systems and is characterized by both positive and...
Pre-exposure to eutylone attenuates its own aversive effects but has no impact on cocaine or MDMA: A possible role of eutylone's hybrid pharmacology.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – July 01, 2025
Summary
Prior exposure to drugs can change how the body responds to them. New research reveals that the synthetic drug eutylone reduces its own negative effects when taken repeatedly, but surprisingly doesn't affect reactions to cocaine or MDMA. This unique finding suggests eutylone's dual action as both a reuptake inhibitor and substrate releaser creates distinct bodily sensations, despite sharing chemical similarities with other stimulants.
Abstract
Previous research has reported that pre-exposure to a variety of drugs of abuse can impact (reduce) the aversive effects of themselves and other ab...
Psychedelic-Assisted Therapies for Psychosocial Symptoms in Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Current Oncology – June 30, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics offer significant promise for cancer patients. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, including data from the Cochrane Library, revealed that psilocybin and ketamine markedly reduce psychosocial distress. For instance, three psilocybin trials with 101 participants showed a large effect on depression (Hedges' g = -3.13). Four ketamine trials (354 participants) demonstrated rapid, large effects on depression and anxiety (Hedges' g = -1.37) compared to placebo. This burgeoning area of medicine, relevant to psychiatry and clinical psychology, highlights how these chemical synthesis alkaloids influence behavior, offering new therapeutic context for internal medicine.
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates (1) the effectiveness of psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) using psilocybin and ketamine for ps...
Veterans' engagement in mindfulness practices following intervention.
Psychological services – June 30, 2025
Summary
Over half of veterans completing mindfulness interventions maintain a daily practice. Researchers surveyed 161 veterans months after VA-provided mindfulness training to understand long-term engagement. Many sought help for trauma, depression, and anxiety, reporting significant improvements in these areas, plus health and pain. Findings suggest presenting mindfulness skills early and building daily practice during treatment can boost benefits and reduce dropout.
Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions are complementary and integrative health interventions, widely used for mental health. However, while these interve...
Urological symptoms following ketamine treatment for psychiatric disorders: A systematic review.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – June 30, 2025
Summary
Concerns about bladder issues from therapeutic Ketamine for psychiatric conditions like depression appear largely unfounded. A review of clinical studies examined urology-related adverse event reports. Findings suggest only a small percentage of patients experienced mild bladder symptoms, and overall urinary function showed no significant changes. This indicates that therapeutic Ketamine does not seem to elevate urological risks.
Abstract
Ketamine has emerged as a putative rapid-acting treatment option for psychiatric disorders, particularly treatment-resistant depression. Chronic re...
Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy: Potential Benefits and Challenges in Mental Health Treatment
Medical Science Monitor – June 30, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics offer compelling potential for mental health, addressing severe conditions like depression and PTSD. These substances, including those from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, are explored in Psychiatry and Psychology. A psychotherapist might integrate them into Medicine, yet current Drug Studies, often found in MEDLINE, confirm psychedelic-assisted therapy remains experimental due to a scarcity of large-scale trials. While unique mechanisms, such as those related to Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, are under study, robust evidence is crucial for patients needing intensive care medicine-level attention for complex mental health challenges.
Abstract
Psychedelics, derived from the Greek words "psyche" (soul) and "deloun" (revealing), are substances historically and currently considered "soul-rev...
Ketamine-From an Anesthetic to a Psychiatric Drug: Mechanisms of Action, Clinical Applications and Potential Risks.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) – June 30, 2025
Summary
Originally an anesthetic, ketamine is now revolutionizing medicine. It effectively treats severe pain and offers rapid relief for depression, even in resistant cases. Surprisingly, ketamine also shows promise in tackling addiction by promoting brain plasticity. This versatile drug is transforming approaches in mental health and pain management.
Abstract
Ketamine, originally developed as an anesthetic, is gaining increasing attention due to its multifaceted pharmacological properties. In addition to...
Online Availability of Diamond Shruumz Before and After FDA Recall Initiation: Qualitative Assessment and Simulated Test Purchasing.
Journal of medical Internet research – June 30, 2025
Summary
Despite a product recall, a psychoactive product linked to hospitalizations surprisingly persisted on the e-commerce market. Online monitoring and qualitative assessment via social media and website surveillance effectively identified continued availability. Many domains kept marketing and selling the product, with some test purchases succeeding. This highlights the ongoing challenge of enforcing recalls for new psychedelics in the diverse online market.
Abstract
Reports of hospitalization associated with Diamond Shruumz-branded mushroom-containing products in October 2024 led to a manufacturer's recall that...
Psychedelic Trips: Travel Within the United States to Use Psychedelic Drugs After Legalization.
Annals of emergency medicine – June 30, 2025
Summary
Nearly one-third of psychedelic drug users travel out-of-state, highlighting a new facet of drug tourism. A recent national survey found many sought to treat medical or mental health symptoms, often in healing centers or ceremonial sites. This evolving health policy landscape shows a significant trend in psychedelic use, though some adverse events were noted, emphasizing the need for awareness.
Abstract
Oregon and Colorado have legalized possession of natural psychedelic drugs. We assessed if travel to use psychedelics in decriminalized states is o...
The cognitive neuroscience of ketamine in major depression.
Brain : a journal of neurology – June 30, 2025
Summary
A single dose of ketamine can alleviate severe depression symptoms within hours, with effects lasting for days. This fast-acting antidepressant's neurocognitive impact is key to understanding its efficacy. Studies reveal ketamine positively influences brain reward circuits, reverses negative emotional biases, and promotes long-term stress resilience. These beneficial neurocognitive changes are observed in both healthy individuals and those with depression, offering significant promise for treatment.
Abstract
Ketamine's potential as a rapid-acting antidepressant was first identified in 2000, despite its long-standing use as an anesthetic agent. Clinicall...
Ketamine in clinical practice: transitioning from anesthetic agent to psychiatric therapeutic.
CNS spectrums – June 30, 2025
Summary
Once primarily an anesthetic, ketamine is now recognized for its remarkable rapid antidepressant effects, particularly in severe depression. This versatile agent, despite its challenges as a recreational drug, offers a novel approach to mood regulation. Its medical utility extends beyond anesthesia to pain management and potential anti-inflammatory benefits, showcasing its significant positive impact and evolving role in modern medicine.
Abstract
Ketamine, originally synthesized in 1962, has gained increasing attention due to its rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in treatment-resist...
Prolonged hallucinogenic effects following Psilocybe cubensis ingestion: Case report
The poison. – June 30, 2025
Summary
Weeks after Psilocybin ingestion, a powerful hallucinogen, one documented case experienced prolonged perceptual disturbances and flashbacks, necessitating psychopharmacological intervention. This highlights potential neuropsychiatric symptoms. Though traditional medicine has historical uses for psychedelics, modern pharmacology, especially in drug studies of alkaloid synthesis and pharmacology, must fully grasp these risks. Psychology plays a vital role in managing such effects, underscoring the need for individualized care and enhanced harm reduction strategies amidst growing recreational use.
Abstract
Psilocybe cubensis is a widely used psilocybin-containing mushroom with well-documented acute psychoactive effects. We report a case of prolonged p...
Exploring the integration of psychedelic-assisted therapy and digital mental health interventions in trauma recovery for underserved adults with high-functioning autism
Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews – June 28, 2025
Summary
Trauma and substance use are profoundly underdiagnosed and undertreated in individuals with Level 1 Autism. While promising psychedelic-assisted therapies (e.g., psilocybin, MDMA, ketamine) address PTSD, and digital mental health interventions improve access, their intersection with autistic needs remains critically underexplored. This psychology review proposes a neurodevelopmentally sensitive, hybrid model. It integrates digital mental health tools with psychedelic psychological interventions to enhance mental health and trauma healing for autistic populations, addressing critical gaps in clinical psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
Trauma-related disorders and substance use are disproportionately underdiagnosed and undertreated in individuals with High-Functioning Autism (Leve...
Evaluating Psilocybin as a Treatment for Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease
Global Journal of Medical Research – June 28, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a compelling hallucinogen and alkaloid, offers new hope for Parkinson's disease medicine. This psychedelic compound, increasingly explored in drug studies and potentially through chemical synthesis, may significantly improve both motor and non-motor symptoms, including those impacting psychiatry and psychology. It modulates brain systems, enhancing neuroplasticity. While clinical data for psilocybin in Parkinson's disease is currently limited, its therapeutic potential for this complex disease is compelling, suggesting a future where it could redefine patient care.
Abstract
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by motor symptoms due to dopaminergic degeneration and non-motor sympto...
OAV and 5D-ASC for Brazilian Portuguese: A validation and adaptation study.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – June 28, 2025
Summary
Understanding the profound subjective experiences induced by Psychedelics is crucial. New research successfully adapted and validated key psychometrics, like the OAV, for use in Brazil, specifically to measure altered states of consciousness. Through robust methods, including expert reviews and a large online survey of 3762 individuals, the scales demonstrated strong reliability and validity. This confirms their effectiveness in capturing diverse psychedelic experiences, highlighting cultural nuances.
Abstract
This study aimed to validate and culturally adapt the Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale (OAV) and Five Dimensional-Altered States of Con...
A Scoping Review of Research in Naturalistic Studies with Psychedelics.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – June 28, 2025
Summary
Ayahuasca is the most studied psychedelic in real-world settings, revealing unique insights. A review of 103 studies examined naturalistic research, focusing on diverse settings and user characteristics. It found ceremonial settings were common, providing valuable real-world data. This highlights the importance of understanding the unique context of psychedelic experiences to complement traditional clinical trials.
Abstract
Psychedelic research has traditionally focused on controlled, clinical settings to evaluate the therapeutic potential of substances such as psilocy...
Why is mindfulness helpful? Exploration of the flexibility of cortical control in practitioners of Buddhism.
Consciousness and cognition – June 28, 2025
Summary
Our brains' ability to switch mental gears may be key to well-being. Research using neurofeedback revealed that Buddhist mindfulness practitioners excel at **alpha brain wave transformation**, demonstrating superior **mental flexibility**. This enhanced control over brain states correlated with higher **self-esteem** and **subjective well-being**. Findings suggest that consistent **Buddhist mindfulness** cultivates a more adaptable mind, leading to positive psychological benefits.
Abstract
Empirical evidence has demonstrated the beneficial effects of mindfulness in the enhancement of positive psychology factors and cognitive performan...
ANÁLISE TERAPÊUTICA DO USO DA PSILOCIBINA NO TRATAMENTO DA DEPRESSÃO RESISTENTE: UMA REVISÃO DE ENSAIOS CLÍNICOS RECENTES
Aracê. – June 27, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin offers rapid antidepressant responses for severe, treatment-resistant depression, a critical challenge in Medicine. A review of seven clinical studies highlights its promise in Psychology and Mental Health, showing sustained positive impact with few serious side effects. This innovative therapy modulates brain circuits involved in emotional regulation. It presents a hopeful new approach, particularly where conventional options, like those explored in Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies, have reached their limits.
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) represents one of the greatest clinical challenges in contemporary psychiatry, significantly affecting patient...
Effect of aerobic exercise combined with meditation on cognitive frailty: study protocol for a parallel group randomised controlled trial.
BMJ open – June 27, 2025
Summary
Addressing cognitive frailty, a blend of physical and mental decline, is key. A Randomized Controlled Trial asks if combined exercise and meditation improves cognition and physical function in cognitive frailty more than single approaches. 140 participants undergo 12 weeks of combined exercise/meditation, exercise, meditation, or health education. It aims to show significant improvements in frailty and cognition.
Abstract
Cognitive frailty (CF) is a clinical syndrome characterised by the concurrent occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment, excluding Al...
Acceptability of a Brain-Injury-Tailored Yoga and Meditation Program Among Female Patients with Concussion.
Journal of integrative and complementary medicine – June 27, 2025
Summary
Many women with persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCS) from a mild traumatic brain injury are seeking new ways to heal. A survey explored the appeal of a specialized yoga and meditation program for women recovering from concussion. An impressive 83% expressed strong interest, citing potential for improved balance, physical and mental health, and overall well-being. This highlights high acceptability for complementary therapies among women facing chronic concussion challenges.
Abstract
Background: Although concussion symptoms often resolve within 4-6 weeks, for a minority of patients, persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCS), suc...
Differential Actions of Ketamine on CA3-Prelimbic and CA3-Infralimbic Connection Responsivity Depend on Prior Exposure to Stress.
Behavioural brain research – June 27, 2025
Summary
A single stress event can reshape brain circuits, influencing how potential antidepressants work. Research using a forced swim test found that while hippocampus-prelimbic cortex connections were stress-sensitive, ketamine's beneficial antidepressant-like effects were particularly evident in the infralimbic cortex. Ketamine effectively reversed stress-induced changes in the infralimbic cortex, showing its precise action depends on prior stress.
Abstract
The present study explored the behavioral stressing action of a 15-min forced swim test (FST) session, changes in CA3-medial prefrontal cortex (mPF...
Addressing Psychological Distress in College Students Through Mindfulness Training: A Pre-Post Intervention Across Three Cohorts with Different Delivery Methods.
International journal of environmental research and public health – June 27, 2025
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
College students are particularly vulnerable to psychological distress, including anxiety, depression, and chronic stress, often triggered by acade...
Quality of care combined with mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention in patients undergoing arterial interventional embolization for liver tumors.
World journal of gastrointestinal surgery – June 27, 2025
Summary
Beyond the physical, patients undergoing interventional embolization of liver tumor often experience significant psychological stress. A new finding reveals that combining enhanced nursing quality, guided by sensitive indicators of nursing quality, with mindfulness stress intervention significantly boosts patient well-being. This approach improved psychological states, fostered positive coping strategies, and elevated the overall quality of nursing and patient satisfaction, leading to better recovery.
Abstract
Although transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is an effective treatment for liver cancer, clinical practice has shown that many patients experien...
Australia's psychedelic experiment: reflections from a psychiatrist clinical researcher.
Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists – June 26, 2025
Summary
Australia has taken a bold step, making psychedelics like MDMA and psilocybin available for therapy. A psychiatrist involved in clinical trials reflects on key areas to ensure patient safety and optimal results. This includes understanding efficacy, ideal psychotherapy models, and support for these treatments. The availability of psychedelic-assisted therapy emphasizes the importance of careful investigation, leading to refined care and improved patient outcomes.
Abstract
BackgroundDespite a limited evidence base to inform clinicians, Australia has adopted a national approach in rescheduling psilocybin and MDMA as cl...
Treatment approaches and efficacy in psychedelic-induced psychosis: A systematic review.
Asian journal of psychiatry – June 26, 2025
Summary
When hallucinogens like LSD or psilocybin induce psychosis, prompt treatment is crucial. A review of cases found second-generation antipsychotics, such as Risperidone, highly effective in resolving psychosis. These performed significantly better than first-generation antipsychotics like Haloperidol, offering positive outcomes for patients experiencing this challenging condition.
Abstract
Psychedelics are increasingly used in the general population, yet they are associated with increased risk of psychosis in a minority of users that ...
Opioid-refractory rectal tenesmus treated with burst ketamine.
BMJ supportive & palliative care – June 26, 2025
Summary
Even severe, opioid-resistant rectal tenesmus, a distressing lower gastrointestinal pain often linked to cancer, found significant relief with a novel approach. A patient experiencing this intense discomfort received a short course of ketamine via infusion. This palliative care strategy remarkably reduced their pain and opioid requirements, highlighting a promising new option for managing this challenging condition.
Abstract
Rectal tenesmus is the painful sensation of incomplete evacuation of the bowels, which is distressing and difficult to manage. Tenesmus is often ca...
Psilocybin and psilocin regulate microglial immunomodulation and support neuroplasticity via serotonergic and AhR signaling.
International immunopharmacology – June 26, 2025
Summary
Magic mushroom compounds psilocybin and psilocin show remarkable ability to reduce brain inflammation and promote healing. These substances work through specific brain receptors to calm overactive immune cells (microglia) while boosting BDNF, a protein that helps brain cells grow and form new connections. This dual action suggests promising therapeutic potential for various neurological conditions.
Abstract
Psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic, has demonstrated therapeutic potential in neuropsychiatric disorders. While its neuroplastic and immunomodu...
The assumptions that restrain us from understanding consciousness
arXiv Preprint Archive – June 26, 2025
Summary
Our very assumptions about consciousness might be hindering its scientific understanding. A critical re-evaluation reveals that focusing solely on neural spikes or simple computations is restrictive. This q-bio.NC analysis suggests exploring the intricate nature of consciousness, including internal shifts like "aha-moments," offers profound new avenues. Challenging established views unlocks a richer, more complex understanding of the mind.
Abstract
The science of consciousness has been successful over the last decades. Yet, it seems that some of the key questions remain unanswered. Perhaps, as...
Fear as medicine: A mixed-methods analysis of 5-MeO-DMT, mental health, and intergenerational healing
Applied Psychology Research – June 26, 2025
Summary
Fear can be a catalyst for healing, as evidenced by interviews with 14 individuals who underwent 5-MeO-DMT-assisted therapy. Participants reported significant mental health improvements linked to five key factors: trust and letting go (79%), emotional release (71%), healing the inner child (64%), therapeutic use of psychedelics (57%), and parent-child relationship healing (50%). Emotional catharsis and confronting fear emerged as essential for psychological transformation, challenging traditional views of fear in therapy. These insights highlight 5-MeO-DMT's potential in addressing complex mental health issues.
Abstract
Objective: This study investigates the psychological mechanisms through which 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) influences mental healt...
Heightened anxiety with distinct prefrontal substrates is differentially sensitive to the anxiolytics, citalopram and ketamine: Prefrontal substrates and anxiolytic sensitivity.
Biological psychiatry – June 25, 2025
Summary
Brain activity patterns may predict anxiety treatment success. Researchers explored if specific prefrontal cortex dysfunctions causing heightened threat reactivity respond uniquely to anxiolytics. They induced distinct heightened threat reactivity in marmosets by manipulating prefrontal cortex areas, including the orbitofrontal cortex. One type of heightened threat reactivity responded well to citalopram. Another, from orbitofrontal cortex changes, was effectively treated by ketamine. This reveals different anxiety forms, rooted in prefrontal cortex activity, require tailored anxiolytics for improved threat reactivity.
Abstract
Individual variability in pharmacological treatment efficacy remains a persistent obstacle to ameliorating clinical anxiety. This may originate, in...
Serotonin 5-HT2A receptor expression is chronically decreased in the anterior cerebral cortex of male rats following repetitive low-level blast exposure
Frontiers in Neurology – June 25, 2025
Summary
Blast-related brain injuries profoundly alter brain chemistry, showing the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) chronically decreased in the cerebral cortex. In 6 of 7 rat cohorts, this reduction persisted from two weeks to a year post-injury. This critical neuroscience discovery, vital for Traumatic Brain Injury Research, highlights the 5-HT receptor as a potential therapeutic target in medicine. It offers insights for internal medicine and endocrinology, illuminating how Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances impact functional brain connectivity, providing new avenues for treating PTSD.
Abstract
Introduction Many Veterans who experienced blast-related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in Iraq and Afghanistan currently suffer from chronic cogn...
A Perspective for Enhancing the Supervision of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy: Motivational-Interviewing-Enhanced Integration Supervision (MIE-IS)
Psychoactives – June 25, 2025
Summary
Traditional clinical supervision often has limited impact on therapy outcomes. A novel model proposes that supervisors, by modeling Motivational Interviewing (MI) principles within supervisory relationships, can significantly enhance psychedelic-assisted therapy. This approach empowers trainees to effectively guide clients through crucial psychedelic integration, translating insights into lasting behavioral change. It fosters skill development, improves client outcomes, and promotes self-care, enhancing the overall efficacy of clinical supervision.
Abstract
While research on psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) continues to show promise, challenges in its clinical application persist. One relevant domain...
Developing self-compassion and well-being with a hybrid mindfulness-based intervention: Lessons learned from health professions students, faculty and staff.
Journal of American college health : J of ACH – June 25, 2025
Summary
A recent program found that a hybrid approach to mindfulness can significantly boost self-compassion. Health profession students, faculty, and staff participated in a program incorporating mindfulness practices, similar to MBSR. Findings revealed a notable increase in self-compassion and improved well-being, particularly for faculty and staff. This suggests such interventions are highly effective for enhancing self-compassion and well-being in demanding healthcare environments.
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine whether participation in a hybrid mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) is associated with lower ...
The Use, Role, and Function of Music During Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy (PAT) with Ayahuasca: A Scoping Review Protocol
Psychoactives – June 25, 2025
Summary
Music is crucial in traditional ayahuasca use, yet its role in psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) remains underexplored. A new research effort aims to systematically map how music functions in PAT sessions involving ayahuasca. Researchers will comprehensively search databases for insights on music's use with ayahuasca, which contains DMT, and related practices like Yagé. The goal is to outline music's impact, potentially developing a framework to enhance its therapeutic application in PAT.
Abstract
Objective: To provide a state of the art on the use, role, and function of music during psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) with ayahuasca. Introduc...
Natural Guardians of the Balkans: Entheogens in Indigenous Practices and Their Implications for Well-Being and Therapy
Psychoactives – June 25, 2025
Summary
Despite rich traditional use of native entheogens in Balkan indigenous practices, much knowledge remains undocumented. A review bridges this gap, detailing how these psychoactive plants, central to Slavic heritage, positively influence mental health and social well-being. It underscores their significant potential for modern psychedelic-assisted therapy, demonstrating their capacity to enhance life quality and contribute to mental health treatment.
Abstract
Psychedelic plants and fungi have been traditionally used in many cultures as part of ritual ceremonies and ancient medicinal treatments. In some r...
Racial-Ethnic Disparities in Ketamine and Esketamine Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder.
Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) – June 25, 2025
Summary
Understanding who receives advanced antidepressants for severe Depression is crucial. A recent analysis uncovered significant racial-ethnic disparities in the use of Ketamine and Esketamine. While Hispanic patients accessed Esketamine more often, Black and Asian individuals were prescribed Ketamine less frequently than White patients. These findings underscore unequal access to vital treatments for Depression.
Abstract
This study sought to investigate racial-ethnic disparities in the utilization of intravenous ketamine and intranasal esketamine therapy for major d...
Effect of the Preoperative Application of Esketamine on Stress Indicators in Paediatric Patients Undergoing Bronchoalveolar Lavage Under General Anaesthesia.
British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005) – June 25, 2025
Summary
Easing children's stress during medical procedures is vital. Research explored if preoperative esketamine could reduce stress indicators in pediatric patients undergoing bronchoalveolar lavage under general anaesthesia. Using serologic tests and clinical scales, it was found that children given esketamine showed significantly lower stress and better recovery scores. This highlights esketamine's positive effect in easing stress, enhancing well-being without increasing adverse reactions.
Abstract
Aims/Background To explore the effect of the preoperative administration of esketamine on stress indices in paediatric patients undergoing bronchoa...
Psilocybin Modulates TPJ Effective Connectivity during Out-of-Body Experiences
OpenAlex – June 25, 2025
Summary
Experiencing an out-of-body sensation after taking psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, correlates with specific brain changes. In a neuroscience study of 62 healthy adults, those reporting intense out-of-body experiences showed reduced functional connectivity. Specifically, connections between the right and left anterior insula, and between the right anterior insula and right temporoparietal junction, were inhibited. This psychology finding, relevant to cognitive psychology and drug studies, suggests psilocybin influences neurotransmitter receptors, altering bodily self-consciousness and offering insight into paranormal experiences.
Abstract
Abstract Serotonergic psychedelics alter self-boundaries and can induce out-of-body experiences (OBEs)—the sense of being located outside one’s phy...
The Clinical Applications of Psilocybin Therapies and Post-COVID Syndrome: A Comprehensive Narrative Review
Cureus – June 24, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a psychedelic compound, offers hope for mental health challenges stemming from the 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak and COVID-19. A narrative review of medicine literature, spanning January 2020 to April 2024, indicates psilocybin's potential in treating depression and anxiety. Beyond its role in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, evidence suggests this naturally occurring alkaloid may inhibit Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) protease, a finding for virology. While Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies support its efficacy, robust clinical trials and chemical synthesis validation are needed for broader therapeutic use.
Abstract
The coronavirus variant (causing the COVID-19 disease) that led to a pandemic sent global shockwaves, resulting in long-term effects on physical, m...
Meditation as a non-pharmacological treatment for narcolepsy: A literature review.
Sleep medicine – June 24, 2025
Summary
Could behavioral strategies offer relief for narcolepsy? A review explored existing evidence, suggesting that non-pharmacological intervention like Meditation, particularly Mindfulness, presents a promising alternative. It found these practices may effectively reduce symptoms such as excessive daytime sleepiness, improving quality of life without medication side effects.
Abstract
Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hallucinations, and is often as...
Use of Psychedelic Agents in Older Adults with Treatment-Resistant Major Depressive Disorder: What the Evidence Shows.
Drugs Aging – June 24, 2025
Summary
Many older adults face severe depression that resists standard treatments. Intriguingly, compiled evidence suggests that specific psychedelic compounds offer a promising new avenue. Analysis indicates these agents can significantly alleviate depressive symptoms, providing a hopeful path for those with previously untreatable conditions. This innovative approach shows potential to transform care.
Abstract
Use of Psychedelic Agents in Older Adults with Treatment-Resistant Major Depressive Disorder: What the Evidence Shows.
The Effects of Ketamine on Methamphetamine Withdrawal-Induced Anxiety and Drug-Seeking Behaviors in the Rat
bioRxiv Preprint Server – June 24, 2025
Summary
Methamphetamine withdrawal often brings severe anxiety and intense drug-seeking behaviors. Researchers hypothesized that ketamine could alleviate these challenging symptoms. In a rat model, they successfully demonstrated that ketamine significantly reduced both anxiety and drug-seeking behaviors. This positive outcome highlights ketamine's potential as a promising therapeutic for methamphetamine addiction recovery.
Abstract
Background The use of methamphetamine has continued to rise in the US. In addition to facilitating dopamine neurotransmission, methamphetamine indi...
Assessing the Attitudes of Dutch Mental Health Care Professionals Toward Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy: A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – June 23, 2025
Summary
Dutch mental health professionals largely embrace psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy, a promising development in mental health care. A cross-sectional study of 198 clinicians revealed positive attitudes toward treatments using compounds like MDMA and psilocybin. This exploratory research in psychology found attitudes correlated with prior personal use of these natural compound pharmacology studies. Psychotherapists believe psychiatrists and clinical psychologists are ideal administrators, preferring specialized hospital settings within medicine. While supporting psychedelics and drug studies, including chemical synthesis and alkaloids, concerns persist about connecting with patients during altered states.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) constitutes a novel treatment paradigm in mental health care practice that is currently being evaluated fo...
Efficacy of a single low dose of esketamine for patients with irritable bowel syndrome: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.
BMJ open – June 23, 2025
Summary
Conventional treatments for Irritable Bowel Syndrome often fall short, yet a promising avenue lies in therapies with rapid effects on mood. A rigorous Randomized Controlled Trial is underway, guided by strict Clinical Protocols, to investigate if a single low dose of esketamine can effectively alleviate IBS symptoms. This double-blind, placebo-controlled study aims to measure improvements in symptom severity and quality of life, seeking to establish a new, effective treatment for this challenging condition.
Abstract
As a disorder of gut-brain interaction, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common reason for patient visits in primary and specialist care setting...
The effects of psilocybin therapy versus escitalopram on cognitive bias: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.
European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology – June 23, 2025
Summary
People with depression often hold pessimistic views that worsen their condition. A recent analysis explored if psilocybin therapy could shift these negative biases better than escitalopram. Patients with depression were given either psilocybin or daily escitalopram. Results showed psilocybin significantly boosted optimism and improved dysfunctional attitudes across multiple areas, including achievement, dependency, and self-control. While escitalopram also helped reduce pessimism about negative events and improved attitudes towards achievement, psilocybin demonstrated a broader and more substantial positive impact on cognitive biases linked to depression.
Abstract
Patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) have more dysfunctional attitudes than healthy individuals and these pessimistic biases are correlate...
Evidence that 5-HT2A receptor signalling efficacy and not biased agonism differentiates serotonergic psychedelic from non-psychedelic drugs.
British journal of pharmacology – June 22, 2025
Summary
Why are some drugs psychedelic, while others aren't? Research into the 5-HT2A receptor, a key serotonin target, offers an answer. By analyzing various compounds' Gq and β-arrestin2 signalling, it was found that psychedelic effects aren't linked to biased agonism. Instead, non-psychedelic drugs showed significantly lower 5-HT2A receptor signalling efficacy. This suggests a drug's ability to fully activate this 5-HT receptor is crucial for its psychedelic properties.
Abstract
Serotonergic psychedelic drugs are under investigation as therapies for various psychiatric disorders, including major depression. Although seroton...
Modulation of neural complexity and consciousness in temporal lobe seizures: Effects of high-frequency pulvinar stimulation.
Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape – June 21, 2025
Summary
Brain signal complexity drops during seizures, often leading to loss of consciousness. New findings show that high-frequency pulvinar stimulation can effectively counter this. Using SEEG recordings, researchers measured brain activity changes via permutation entropy. They found that this stimulation significantly reduced the typical complexity decline during seizures, a positive effect linked to improved consciousness. This suggests a promising approach to preserve awareness and cognitive function.
Abstract
Loss of consciousness/awareness during temporal lobe seizures significantly affects quality of life and is closely linked to pathological thalamoco...
Beyond surgery: Repurposing anesthetics for treatment of central nervous system disorders.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – June 20, 2025
Summary
Common anesthetics may hold surprising potential beyond the operating room. Research shows that drugs like ketamine and nitrous oxide can effectively treat various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Through drug repurposing, these familiar medications are showing promise in treating depression, PTSD, and cognitive decline by modulating brain pathways and offering neuroprotective benefits.
Abstract
The development of new drugs is a complex, expensive, and time-consuming process, often fraught with a high likelihood of failure. Amid these obsta...
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase 1 study to investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of an immediate-release oral ketamine capsule in healthy volunteers.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – June 20, 2025
Summary
An oral ketamine capsule shows promise! Initial findings reveal its **safety** and **tolerability** in healthy volunteers. This investigation explored how different doses of **ketamine** are processed by the body (**pharmacokinetics**) and their effects (**pharmacodynamics**). Results showed dose-proportional **pharmacokinetics**, meaning the body handled higher doses predictably. While some mild, temporary effects like dissociation occurred, they were expected and resolved quickly. Overall, the capsule demonstrated a favorable profile, suggesting its potential for future use.
Abstract
Ketamine, a rapid-acting N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist used as a therapeutic for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), is usually admini...