“It’s like a charge – either fuses you or burns you out”: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of extreme mental states in meditation context

Extreme mental states during meditation, sometimes labeled psychosis or spiritual emergency, are interpreted differently across spiritual traditions. Three meditation teachers from distinct philosophical traditions described these states' phenomenology, explained their nature according to their own traditions, and discussed supportive approaches. Having a spiritual teacher for guidance was considered significant. The findings suggest that acknowledging diverse understandings and cultivating a non-judgmental attitude could improve collaboration between clinicians and meditation teachers to support individuals experiencing such states.

Study at a glance

Abstract

ABSTRACT Meditation, an ancient Eastern spiritual practice, is increasingly being practised in the West where its benefits for mental and physical health have been established. Extreme mental states that can be encountered in the context of meditation have also been reported and often have been labelled as psychosis or spiritual emergency. This study aimed for more nuanced understanding of the phenomena. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was employed to explore the meaning-making of three meditation teachers from different philosophical traditions. The teachers described phenomenology of various extreme mental states, explained their nature according to their traditions and discussed ways of helping persons who experience these. Significance was given to having a spiritual teacher to provide guidance and support. The study highlights the importance of acknowledging the diverse understandings of the phenomena and cultivating a non-judgemental attitude towards it, which could help clinicians and meditation teachers work together to support persons experiencing these.