A psychiatrist in training encounters a traditional healer.
Raksha Singh, Pierre M Joubert
The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa January 1, 2025 DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2453 via PubMed
Summary
AI-generated from the abstractTraditional healers and psychiatrists in training follow the same basic steps when evaluating and treating a mental health patient, but the details of those steps differ greatly due to opposing worldviews. In a South African hospital ward, a traditional healer and a psychiatry trainee assessed the same inpatient. The psychiatrist used an evidence-based, naturalistic model, while the traditional healer operated from a transcendent model. Two previously unreported practices in South African traditional healing were observed: the use of a doll (effigy) and calling on angels. These differences reflect fundamentally different understandings of mental illness.
Study at a glance
| Characteristics | Autoethnographic study Qualitative Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 1 |
| Population | Inpatient mental healthcare user at Weskoppies Hospital, Pretoria |
| Topics | Shamanism |
| Keywords | Autoethnography Culture and psychiatry Ethnomedicine Indigenous medicine Psychiatry training |
| Key finding | The traditional healer and psychiatrist in training used the same basic evaluation and treatment steps but differed in subcategories, reflecting contrasting naturalistic and transcendent epistemologies of mental illness. |
Abstract
Traditional healers play a significant role in healthcare seeking in South Africa. Many South Africans often seek healthcare services from both medical practitioners and traditional healers simultaneously for the same condition. Despite this, many medical practitioners seem ignorant about the practices of traditional healers. This study aimed to explore the similarities and differences between the practices of a traditional healer (TH) and a psychiatrist in training (PIT) regarding an inpatient mental healthcare user (MHCU). This study was conducted at an inpatient ward at Weskoppies Hospital, Pretoria. An autoethnographic method was utilised in this study. The TH and PIT evaluated the same MHCU. While doing so, the PIT used participant observation, field notes, and finally a qualitative content analysis. The findings of the content analysis were validated with the TH. Two previously unpublished findings in South African traditional healing emerged: the use of a doll (effigy) and calling on angels. The TH and PIT followed the same basic steps in evaluating and treating the MHCU, but there were notable differences in the details (subcategories) of those steps. These differences reflect very different epistemologies about mental illness: the PIT used an evidence-based, naturalistic (or positivistic) model, while the TH used a model that can best be designated as transcendent. This study contributes towards an understanding of a TH's approach to a mentally disordered patient.