The N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists phencyclidine, ketamine and dizocilpine as both behavioral and anatomical models of the dementias.
Brain research. Brain research reviews February 1, 1995 G Ellison
Phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine can induce a model psychosis that mimics schizophrenic symptoms including flattened affect, dissociative thought disorder, depersonalization, and catatonic states, with chronic users showing persisting memory deficits. Dizocilpine (MK-801) shares with PCP and ketamine the property of blocking the NMDA ion-channel in a non-competitive manner. Animal studies show these drugs cause neurotoxic effects on neurons in the posterior cingulate cortex and, when given continuously for several days, induce neuronal degeneration in other limbic structures including the piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, and dentate gyrus.