Nondual awareness, the dissolution of subject and object during meditation, is increasingly discussed alongside nondualism, a philosophical framework. This conceptual article clarifies that while both involve similar experiences, nondualism is a broader philosophical stance. Long-term Buddhist practitioners often develop a trait-like awareness of nonduality, integrating spiritual insights into everyday life, distinct from temporary meditative states.
Earlier research on mindfulness, lovingkindness, and compassion meditation has examined their effects on ethical reasoning and behavior, but a key gap exists between reasoning and behavior, as shown by experimental philosophy. Later studies acknowledge mitigating factors that influence changes in ethical behavior. The current evidence is limited, but the area remains promising. This paper argues for more multidisciplinary work combining philosophy and religious studies to inform psychological research on meditation and changing ethical behavior.