Among U.S. mental health treatment facilities that offer ketamine infusion therapy, about 63% also provide treatment for co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders. Facilities offering group therapy were more likely to provide this dual diagnosis treatment, while accepting Medicaid was not associated with it. This exploratory study provides up-to-date information on the geographic locations, counseling options, and payment methods of 134 facilities offering ketamine infusion therapy, which may inform future efforts to treat co-occurring depressive and substance use disorders with ketamine and psychotherapy.
Ketamine infusions may provide short-term relief for depressive symptoms, including suicidal ideation, in patients with treatment-resistant depression who have not responded to at least two medication trials. This review examines clinical trials on ketamine for refractory depression, assessing its benefits, limitations, and future potential. Standard therapies for treatment-resistant depression include combination pharmacotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, vagal nerve stimulation, and deep brain stimulation.