Nephrotoxic Mushroom Poisoning: Global Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management
Wilderness and Environmental Medicine October 9, 2021 James H. Diaz 23 citations
Mushroom poisonings are increasing worldwide due to ingestions of known, newly described, and formerly edible species. Nephrotoxic mushrooms, most commonly Cortinarius species, can cause acute renal insufficiency and failure, though hepatotoxic amatoxin-containing mushrooms cause most poisonings and fatalities. New nephrotoxic species include Amanita proxima and Tricholoma equestre in Europe and Amanita smithiana in the United States and Canada. The edible hallucinogenic mushroom Psilocybe cubensis has been noted as a rare cause of acute renal insufficiency. Renal replacement therapies including hemodialysis are often indicated, with renal transplantation reserved for extracorporeal treatment failures.