The FASEB Journal
April 1, 2009
Sandy Ghozland, Srihari R. Tella, Michelle D. Walker et al.
The DEA collects and reviews scientific, medical, and other data on substances with abuse potential to determine whether they should be placed under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA). Ongoing scheduling processes involve indiplon, carisoprodol, dextromethorphan, salvinorin A, and several petitions regarding nabilone, methylphenidate, marijuana and tetrahydrocannabinols, tramadol, anabolic steroids, and sibutramine. Many hallucinogens, including 5-MeO-DMT, 5-MeO-AMT, 5-MeO-DET, 5-MeO-MIPT, DIPT, 4-OH-DIPT, 2C-I, 2C-T-2, and Bromo-dragonfly, are under review for possible control. Chemical and pharmacological studies for DOC, 2C-C, 2C-D, and 2C-E are ongoing. Additionally, to comply with the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, DEA is reviewing zipeprol, amineptine, mesocarb, 4-MTA, and brotizolam for control under the CSA.
The FASEB Journal
March 1, 2008
Kevin Sean Murnane, Leonard L Howell, William E Fantegrossi
MDMA has both stimulant and hallucinogen-like effects, and its two isomers, R(−)-MDMA and S(+)-MDMA, produce different behavioral effects: R(−)-MDMA is hallucinogen-like, while S(+)-MDMA is stimulant-like. In this study, mice were trained to discriminate each isomer from a vehicle in a two-lever operant task. Drugs with hallucinogen-like effects (2C-T-7, DPT) and stimulant-like effects (amphetamine, cocaine) were substituted for the training isomer. Results showed efficacy differences within chemical classes and potency differences within behavioral classes, clarifying the complex discriminative stimulus properties of MDMA isomers.
The FASEB Journal
April 1, 2020
Chris Bolden, C. Tilley, Charles E Hay et al.
MDMA, a recreational drug often used at raves, has toxic effects beyond its positive feelings. In the body's periphery, it suppresses the immune system, making users more vulnerable to infection. In the central nervous system, it triggers a proinflammatory response involving glial cell activation and overproduction of cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. The authors suggest a treatment that could reduce these harmful effects would be beneficial.
The FASEB Journal
April 1, 2019
Aboozar Ali, Cynthia Franklin, Yolanda Rangel et al.
Salvinorin A, a plant-derived kappa opioid receptor agonist, decreased c-fos expression in several forebrain regions of rats, particularly the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus (PVN), where the reduction was statistically significant. However, compared to saline, SalA only increased c-fos expression in the median pre-optic nucleus. The diuretic effects of SalA were less potent than those of synthetic kappa opioid agonists, consistent with previous findings that SalA produces a small increase in urine excretion rate. These results suggest that kappa opioid receptor agonists may influence diuresis through changes in c-fos expression in the PVN and lamina terminalis.