The Philosophy of Waḥdah Al-Wujūd in the Waḥdah Al-Wujūd Fī Bayān Al-Ma‘Rifah Min Kull Bayān Al-Muḥaqqiqīn Manuscript: A Study of Nusantara Sufi Traditions
Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan December 31, 2025 Pradibyo Herdiansyah, Amiroh Nichayatun Munir Azizah, M Napis Djuaeni et al.
A manuscript attributed to Muḥammad Makkī, titled Waḥdah al-Wujūd fī Bayān al-Ma‘rifah min Kull Bayān al-Muḥaqqiqīn, presents a distinctive 'shadow ontology' that maps divine manifestation onto the human microcosm, offers a theological distinction between Allāh and Ilāh that reframes debates on transcendence and immanence, and demonstrates a reconciliatory form of Wujūdiyyah that integrates Hamzah Fansuri’s metaphysics with Abdurrauf Singkel’s cautionary theological stance. The work represents a significant but overlooked link in the evolution of nineteenth‑century Nusantara philosophical Sufism, particularly in Buton.