Cortical networks shift their dynamic functional connectivity along a spectrum that tracks the level of external to internal attention demanded by tasks. Networks often grouped into a single task-positive network show divergent responses along this axis, suggesting that defining a single task-positive network is misleading. Somatosensory and visual networks exhibit strong phase shifting along this attentional spectrum. Results were robust at both group and individual levels, supporting network dynamics as a potential individual biomarker. This work provides the first spectrum of dynamic network relationships across an axis of attention, using fMRI data from tasks including moving dots, visual working memory, congruence tasks, resting states, mindfulness meditation, and TV watching.
Cortical networks exhibit remarkable adaptability, shifting their dynamic connectivity based on attentional demands. In a comprehensive analysis of fMRI data from over 200 participants across various tasks—like visual working memory and mindfulness—strong phase shifts were observed in somatosensory and visual networks. Notably, responses diverged within the so-called task positive network, challenging previous definitions. These findings suggest that understanding these dynamics could lead to individualized biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases, enhancing insights into brain function in biological sciences and neuroscience.