Comparative Evaluation of Wisdom Intelligence with Spiritual Intelligence and Its Relationship with Education
Journal of Philosophical Investigations December 19, 2022 Nafiseh Mostafavi
Mulla Sadra introduces a new type of intelligence called Wisdom intelligence (WI), or Al-Hikma al-Ghriziyya, proposing three general spectrums of its relationship with education; only one spectrum requires education in theoretical reason and training in behaviors, emotions, inclinations, and moods as prerequisites for attaining wisdom. Emmons pursues spiritual intelligence (SI) as the ability to enter higher spiritual states of consciousness and to solve problems for well-being, expanding a five-factor model of SI. The concept of spiritual intelligence is more general than Wisdom intelligence, and Emmons's three-factor model resembles criteria of WI, though Mulla Sadra takes a cognitive and philosophical approach to intelligence, focusing on the source and manner of achieving consciousness.