Associations between Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) and non-visual perceptual disturbances
Anneliese McConnell, Wei He, Harry McConnell et al. preprint
People with Hallucinogen Persistent Perception Disorder (HPPD) are substantially more likely to also experience other perceptual disturbances, suggesting a shared underlying vulnerability. In a survey of 138 individuals with HPPD and 116 controls, HPPD was strongly associated with photosensitivity (odds ratio 10.65) and phonosensitivity (odds ratio 8.00), and with a greater number of perceptual disturbances overall. Trends also linked HPPD to tinnitus, migraine with aura, vertigo, paraesthesia, and synaesthesia. Those with both HPPD and other perceptual disturbances were more likely to develop additional disturbances after HPPD onset. These findings highlight potential risk factors for HPPD, relevant as psychedelic therapies become more common.