[Treatment-resistant depression. From classification to new therapies.].
Rivista di psichiatria January 1, 2022 Walter Paganin, Sabrina Signorini, Vincenzo Leccese et al. 5 citations
Treatment-resistant depression has become a growing public health problem due to high relapse, hospitalization, and mortality rates, along with diminished quality of life. A review of literature up to May 2022 on PubMed, PsychInfo, and Cochrane Library examined advances in recognizing and treating this condition. Patients who do not respond to antidepressants require additional pharmacological and instrumental therapies. Recently, esketamine and psilocybin have drawn particular clinical interest, alongside instrumental treatments such as vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, epidural cortical stimulation, and electroconvulsive therapy. Future research should establish valid criteria and provide reliable data on benefits, risks, and costs of these therapies.