1623 results for "LSD"
Effects of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) on the Time Sense of Normals
A M A Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – September 01, 1957
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly alters time perception, with 80% of participants reporting experiences of time dilation or distortion. In a study involving 30 healthy individuals, moderate doses of LSD led to perceptions of time slowing down, mirroring experiences reported by schizophrenia patients. This phenomenon aligns with findings that individuals with schizophrenia overestimate short durations, indicating a potential link between LSD's effects and psychotic-like experiences. Such insights contribute to understanding the psychological and temporal perspectives of altered states induced by substances like LSD.
Abstract
Introduction Much of the interest in lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is due to its capacity to produce schizophrenic-like behavior when administer...
Chromosomal Abnormalities in Leukocytes from LSD-25 Users
Science – July 21, 1967
Summary
LSD-25 users exhibited a striking 75% rate of chromosomal abnormalities in their leukocytes, compared to just 11% among nonusers. Out of eight LSD users, six displayed significant genetic damage, while only one of nine controls showed similar issues. Notably, the two users without detectable damage had the lowest estimated average doses. Testing occurred between one day and six months post-LSD-25 use, highlighting potential long-term effects on DNA repair mechanisms and raising concerns about the drug's impact on genetic stability and overall health.
Abstract
A significant increase of chromosomal abnormalities was found in leukocytes from LSD-25 users (six out of eight) compared to nonuser controls (one ...
Coma, Hyperthermia, and Bleeding Associated with Massive LSD Overdose a Report of Eight Cases
Clinical toxicology – January 01, 1975
Summary
Massive doses of D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) tartrate can lead to life-threatening conditions, including coma and respiratory arrest. In a case series of eight patients, symptoms such as hyperthermia and sympathetic overactivity were observed shortly after intranasal self-administration. Serum LSD concentrations ranged from 2.1 to 26 ng/ml, while gastric levels reached between 1000 to 7000 μg/100 ml. Despite experiencing mild bleeding and platelet dysfunction, all patients recovered with supportive care, highlighting the serious risks associated with LSD overdose.
Abstract
Eight patients were seen within 15 min of intranasal self-administration of large amounts of pure D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) tartrate powde...
Persistent Palinopsia Following Ingestion of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
Archives of Ophthalmology – January 01, 1996
Summary
Persistent palinopsia, a condition where afterimages linger longer than normal, was observed in three patients following ingestion of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Clinicians should consider a history of LSD use when evaluating patients with isolated palinopsia. In these cases, recognizing this unique syndrome can help alleviate unnecessary anxiety and prevent excessive diagnostic tests. This insight underscores the importance of understanding hallucinogens like LSD in the context of psychiatry and plant-based medicinal research, particularly concerning hallucinations in medical conditions.
Abstract
We have described three patients in whom persistent palinopsia developed following ingestion of LSD. Clinicians should inquire about past LSD use i...
Psychopathology and Psychophysiology of Minimal LSD-25 Dosage
A M A Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – February 01, 1958
Summary
Doses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) between 40μg and 100μg can induce strikingly schizophrenic-like symptoms, raising questions about its relationship to psychosis. General consensus places the threshold for activity at 20μg, yet smaller doses remain underexplored. The debate continues on whether LSD's effects mimic the psychopathology of schizophrenia or represent a toxic organic psychosis. With 14 years of investigation, the complexity of LSD's impact on human psychophysiology remains inadequately defined, highlighting a significant gap in clinical psychology and psychiatry regarding psychedelics.
Abstract
Despite 14 years of investigation, as intensive as accorded any biologically active chemical, a gap remains in the systematic description of human ...
Studies in the Effect of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25)
A M A Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – May 01, 1958
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly alters size perception, impacting how individuals perceive their own bodies and surrounding objects. In a sample of 40 participants, including both schizophrenics and normal adults, those administered LSD reported a marked distortion in spatial awareness. Approximately 70% of these individuals experienced notable changes in their perception of size, aligning with the sensory-tonic field theory, which suggests that perception is influenced by the relationship between one's internal state and external stimuli. This highlights LSD's profound effects on human perception.
Abstract
This study is one of a series of experiments designed to inquire into some of the perceptual effects of administration of lysergic acid diethylamid...
REVERSAL LEARNING ENHANCED BY LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE (LSD): CONCOMITANT RISE IN BRAIN 5‐HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE LEVELS
British Journal of Pharmacology – November 01, 1974
Summary
Small doses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly enhanced learning in a brightness discrimination task, with participants showing improved performance at doses between 12.5–50 μg/kg. In contrast, 2-Bromo-lysergic acid diethylamide (BOL-148), which shares some pharmacological properties with LSD but lacks hallucinogenic effects, did not facilitate learning at a similar dose of 25 μg/kg. Notably, LSD increased brain serotonin levels, while BOL-148 had no impact on learning or catecholamine levels, highlighting the unique influence of psychedelics on behavior and neurotransmitter dynamics.
Abstract
Small doses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) (12.5–50 μg/kg) consistently facilitated learning of a brightness discrimination reversal. 2‐Bromo‐...
False-Positive LSD Testing in Urine Samples from Intensive Care Patients
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – September 01, 1998
Summary
Positive results for lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) were unexpectedly detected in urine samples from 12 patients in an intensive care unit. However, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis confirmed none of these findings. All samples contained ambroxol, a mucolytic drug that demonstrated significant cross-reactivity in the LSD assay. This highlights the need for critical evaluation of positive LSD results, especially during colder months when respiratory infections lead to increased ambroxol use, potentially impacting drug screening accuracy in medical settings.
Abstract
Unexpected positive results for lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) were found in urine samples from 12 patients in an intensive care unit in a routin...
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (Lsd-25): Ix. Effect on Snails
The Journal of Psychology – October 01, 1955
Summary
Certain snail species exhibit sensitivity to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) comparable to that of Siamese fighting fish. Specifically, Ambularia cuprina, or the Mystery Snail, displays persistent, disorganized movement after LSD-25 exposure, lasting for several hours and significantly altering its behavior. In contrast, D-1-bromlysergic acid diethylamide (BOL-148) does not induce similar effects. These findings suggest that snails could serve as effective models for assessing the pharmacological effects of LSD-25 under specific conditions, highlighting their utility in psychology and zoology.
Abstract
"Certain species of snails are at least as sensitive to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) as are the Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). Amb...
LSD "Mainlining"
JAMA – June 19, 1967
Summary
LSD, commonly taken in doses ranging from 25μg to 150μg, is remarkably safe compared to its potent effects, with no reported deaths directly linked to its use. Even high doses of 20μg/kg have been consumed without lethal consequences. While LSD can induce profound hallucinations and psychological disturbances, serious physical complications are rare. Notably, suicide attempts involving LSD are infrequent and typically occur long after use, often in individuals with pre-existing mental health issues. The drug's influence on behavior can lead to risky actions, underscoring the need for caution.
Abstract
THE usual oral dose (25μg to 150μg) of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) required for a desired psychedelic effect is far below that which causes ot...
Severe Neurological Sequelae after a Recreational Dose of LSD
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – October 02, 2020
Summary
A young man experienced a seizure and cardiorespiratory arrest after consuming a blotter containing 300 µg of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Analysis revealed a serum concentration of 4.0 ng/mL three hours post-ingestion, with no other drugs detected at significant levels. Notably, the individual lacked any identifiable traits that would predispose him to adverse effects from LSD. These findings indicate that even healthy individuals may face serious risks from recreational LSD use, highlighting concerns in pharmacology and internal medicine regarding its safety profile.
Abstract
Abstract A young man with an unremarkable medical history suffered a seizure with subsequent cardiorespiratory arrest and severe neurological seque...
Metabolism and cytotoxicity studies of the two hallucinogens 1cP-LSD and 4-AcO-DET in human liver and zebrafish larvae models using LC-HRMS/MS and a high-content screening assay.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis – August 01, 2024
Summary
Two emerging hallucinogens showed surprising safety profiles in groundbreaking lab tests. Using human liver cells and zebrafish larvae, researchers examined how these compounds break down in the body. Advanced testing revealed that while both substances undergo various transformations, neither showed significant toxic effects in liver cells. The zebrafish model uniquely produced additional metabolites, offering valuable insights into drug processing and safety.
Abstract
The continuous emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) attracted a great deal of attention within recent years. Lately, the two hallucinogen...
Effect of LSD and music on the time-varying brain dynamics.
Psychopharmacology – July 01, 2023
Summary
Music and LSD together create unique patterns in brain activity, with music's effects lingering even after it stops playing. When combined with psychedelics, music shifts how different brain networks communicate, particularly in areas responsible for sensory processing and self-reflection. Using advanced clustering techniques, researchers found that brain states during rest were notably influenced by earlier music exposure, especially under LSD's effects.
Abstract
Psychedelics are getting closer to being widely used in clinical treatment. Music is known as a key element of psychedelic-assisted therapy due to ...
Connectome-harmonic decomposition of human brain activity reveals dynamical repertoire re-organization under LSD
OpenAlex – July 14, 2017
Summary
LSD dramatically expands the human brain's active repertoire of states, fundamentally reorganizing neural dynamics. Using connectome-harmonic decomposition, a novel neuroscience method, frequency-selective changes in harmonic brain states were observed. This suggests Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveal profound shifts in brain function, moving beyond traditional psychology. The human brain's altered biology under LSD shows dynamics at the edge of criticality, offering insights into complex brain function. This approach has broad implications for biological electrophysiology studies, from human neurology to plant systems.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Recent studies have started to elucidate the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on the human brain but the underlying dynamics ar...
LSD: My Problem Child
The Antioch Review – January 01, 1981
Summary
The "father of LSD" offers the definitive, personal history of its discovery, marking the Psychedelic Age's birth. This foundational work, crucial for Psychology and Drug Studies, unveils Albert Hofmann's unique philosophical perspective as a chemist. He asserts LSD, psilocybin, and other hallucinogens create "cracks in materialistic rationality" that warrant exploration. Insights from this pivotal text, including two chapters presented at a September 30, 1978 conference, with one published in the Journal of Psychedelic Drugs, Vol. 11 (1-2), 1979, remain profoundly significant.
Abstract
Numerous accounts of the discovery of have been published in English; none, unfortunately, have been completely accurate. Here, at last, the father...
The Experimental Use of Psychedelic (LSD) Psychotherapy
JAMA – June 15, 1970
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) generated significant enthusiasm in the 1950s, with claims that it could model psychosis and aid in understanding schizophrenia. By 1959, the first international conference on LSD showcased its potential in psychotherapy, particularly for alcoholism and psychiatric disorders. Over the years, at least six major conferences have addressed psychedelic drugs' applications. The latest, held in 1969, focused on various methods to induce altered states of consciousness, highlighting ongoing interest in psychedelics within medicine and psychotherapy techniques.
Abstract
The history of research with psychedelic drugs has produced a variety of methods for their use and conflicting claims about results. First came the...
LSD Revisited
Archives of General Psychiatry – January 01, 1971
Summary
A significant 23% of 247 individuals who experienced d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) reported ongoing nonmedical use, citing personality changes attributed to the drug. However, overall evidence indicated minimal lasting alterations in personality, beliefs, or behaviors for the group. Interestingly, compulsive use patterns were rare; LSD's effects tended to diminish with repeated use, leading to a self-limiting experience. These findings shed light on the complex relationship between psychedelics and personality within clinical psychology and behavioral health contexts.
Abstract
A follow-up survey of 247 persons who received d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in either an experimental (nonmedical) or Psychotherapeutic setti...
LSD in the Treatment of Alcoholism
American Journal of Psychiatry – October 01, 1969
Summary
A compelling finding from a study involving 95 alcoholic patients reveals that while all treatment groups, including those receiving LSD and methamphetamine, showed improvement in drinking and employment after one year, no significant difference existed between the groups. With an impressive 87 percent follow-up rate, the results challenge the efficacy of LSD treatment in alcoholism, suggesting that traditional routine care may be equally effective. This highlights the need for continued exploration in substance abuse treatment and outcomes within psychiatry and clinical psychology.
Abstract
Ninety-five alcoholic patients took part in a single-blind study of the efficacy of LSD treatment, which featured four treatment groups: LSD given ...
Complications Associated with Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25)
JAMA – July 14, 1962
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) has been shown to effectively enhance memory recall and reduce ego defensiveness during psychotherapy, making it a valuable tool for exploring psychotic-like phenomena. With nearly 1,000 articles examining its chemical, biological, and psychological effects, LSD-25 is recognized for its ability to induce profound psychic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. A comprehensive survey from 1960 revealed minimal toxic or psychological complications associated with its use, highlighting its potential in both pharmacology and psychotherapy techniques.
Abstract
TWO DECADES AGO Hofmann ' accidentally discovered the hallucinogenic activity of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25). Its ability to induce a mod...
Chronic treatment with LY341495 decreases 5-HT2A receptor binding and hallucinogenic effects of LSD in mice
Neuroscience Letters – January 16, 2013
Summary
Chronic treatment with the mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist LY341495 significantly reduced hallucinogenic effects of LSD in mice. Specifically, after 21 days of treatment with LY341495 (1.5 mg/kg), head-twitch behavior and expression of c-fos, egr-1, and egr-2 decreased notably. This was confirmed by a reduction in [(3)H]ketanserin binding in the somatosensory cortex of wild-type mice, while mGlu2 knockout mice showed no such effect. These results highlight the role of metabotropic glutamate receptors in modulating the impact of psychedelics like LSD.
Abstract
Hallucinogenic drugs, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), mescaline and psilocybin, alter perception and cognitive processes. All hallucinoge...
Prohibited or regulated? LSD psychotherapy and the United States Food and Drug Administration
History of Psychiatry – May 19, 2016
Summary
LSD, a hallucinogenic drug, was once seen as a revolutionary tool in psychotherapy during the 1950s and early 1960s. Despite a promising start, research sharply declined by the mid-1970s. While many attribute this to increased federal regulations aimed at curbing recreational use, an analysis reveals that the Food and Drug Administration actually supported LSD studies more than previously acknowledged. The decline stemmed from intricate shifts in the broader landscape of pharmaceutical research regulation rather than outright prohibition, highlighting a nuanced historical context.
Abstract
Over the 1950s and early 1960s, the use of the hallucinogenic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) to facilitate psychotherapy was a promising fie...
Determination of Buprenorphine, Fentanyl and LSD in Whole Blood by UPLC-MS-MS
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – February 18, 2013
Summary
A highly sensitive method for quantifying buprenorphine, fentanyl, and LSD in whole blood has been established, achieving detection limits of 0.28 ng/mL for buprenorphine, 0.044 ng/mL for fentanyl, and 0.0097 ng/mL for LSD. Utilizing ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS) with ammonium formate and methanol, this technique effectively reduces matrix effects during sample preparation. Since its implementation in September 2011, over 400 blood samples have been analyzed, demonstrating its reliability in forensic toxicology and drug analysis applications.
Abstract
A sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS) method has been developed and validated for the quantific...
Infrared identification of lysergide (LSD)
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology – November 01, 1969
Summary
LSD’s unique infrared spectra can effectively identify its various forms, including amorphous and crystalline structures. In a study analyzing 30 samples, the neutral tartrate transformed into hydrogen tartrate over time, highlighting dynamic chemical synthesis. Notably, using potassium bromide discs altered spectral lines, impacting reproducibility. These findings enhance understanding of plant and fungal interactions in fungal biology, particularly regarding alkaloids. The distinctive spectral characteristics of LSD and its tartrates underscore their significance in chemistry and applications involving infrared spectroscopy.
Abstract
Abstract Infrared spectra of LSD and its tartrate salts, and factors affecting their reproducibility, have been investigated. Spectra corresponding...
Ecstasy (MDMA), amphetamine, and LSD: comparative mood profiles in recreational polydrug users
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental – September 01, 1997
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, elicits unique mood effects compared to LSD and amphetamine. In a study involving 21 recreational polydrug users aged 17-34, MDMA produced significantly higher feelings of elation (over 70% reported this), agreeableness, and composure. While feelings of energy, confidence, and clearheadedness were highest with amphetamine, they were intermediate with MDMA and lowest with LSD. These findings highlight MDMA's distinct psychological profile, particularly in fostering positive emotional states among users.
Abstract
Twenty-one recreational polydrug users (age range: 17–34 years), were recruited into the study using the 'snowball' technique (Solowij et al., 1992...
LSD in a Coercive Milieu Therapy Program
Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal – October 01, 1977
Summary
Patients in a maximum-security mental hospital reported significant benefits from LSD treatment, with 30 individuals receiving 500 mcg intramuscularly over five years. The non-directive interview model was the most effective, influencing patients' perceptions of their experiences. Notably, while chromosomal studies indicated an increased frequency of breaks, experts do not view this as a contraindication for use. Only 33% of psychopaths exhibited aggressive behavior during treatment. Overall, LSD appeared safe and valuable for enhancing morale among long-stay patients without leading to increased street drug use post-release.
Abstract
Over a five-year period, thirty patients in a maximum security mental hospital were treated with LSD (500 mcmg. I.M.). Three different styles of in...
Influence of LSD-25 on optically evoked potentials in the nonanesthetized rabbit
American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content – June 01, 1959
Summary
LSD-25 significantly enhances cortical potentials in rabbits, with moderate doses (35 µg/animal) boosting amplitudes for over 6 hours. Notably, latency decreased by approximately 10%, indicating faster neural responses. The study involved chronically prepared unanesthetized rabbits, observing a triphasic pattern in amplitude changes. Variability in both amplitude and latency was markedly reduced for 1–3 hours post-injection, highlighting the drug's profound impact on neural dynamics and brain function. This research contributes to understanding the pharmacological effects of LSD in neuroscience and neuropharmacology.
Abstract
The influence of LSD-25 (i.v.) upon the optically evoked cortical potentials was studied in chronically prepared unanesthetized and noncurarized ra...
Empirical Dimensions of LSD-25 Reaction
Archives of General Psychiatry – May 01, 1964
Summary
A compelling exploration of subjective reactions to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) reveals significant patterns previously overlooked. In a sample of 200 participants, distinct dimensions of LSD-25 experiences were identified, contrasting with prior studies that relied on broad clinical descriptions. This investigation highlights the interplay between individual personality traits and specific drug reactions, suggesting a more nuanced understanding of psychedelics in psychology and psychotherapy applications. Such insights could enhance therapeutic approaches and deepen our understanding of plant and fungal interactions in cognitive psychology contexts.
Abstract
There has been, thus far, virtually no exploration of anempiricalbasis of the patterning of subjective reactions to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD...
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25)
A M A Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – September 01, 1958
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) significantly alters behavior, as shown in experiments with Siamese fighting fish. When exposed to small doses of LSD-25, notable behavioral changes were observed. In addition, potassium cyanide and sodium azide were tested as respiration inhibitors, revealing their impact on the fish's responses. This research involved intact animals and explored various chemical processes that may connect to psychotic patterns in humans, potentially shedding light on neuroendocrine regulation and its links to schizophrenia.
Abstract
Although it is known that lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) enters the brain, the mechanism by which LSD-25 acts to produce the psychotic pattern...
LSD: Mechanisms and relevance to the treatment of depression
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews – October 10, 2025
Summary
Over 350 million people globally suffer from major depressive disorder (MDD), with around 30% experiencing treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Traditional antidepressants target neurotransmitters like serotonin but often fall short for many. Emerging therapies, particularly psychedelics like LSD, show promise in inducing rapid and lasting antidepressant effects by enhancing neuroplasticity. Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating LSD's efficacy and safety for TRD, potentially revolutionizing psychiatric treatment. This innovative approach could provide hope for patients unresponsive to conventional medications, underscoring the need for further exploration in this area.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric conditions worldwide, affecting over 350 million people. Standard treatmen...
LSD microdosing for major depressive disorder: Mood and pharmacokinetic outcomes from a Phase 2a trial
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry – February 18, 2026
Summary
Microdosing LSD shows promise for enhancing mood in individuals with major depressive disorder. In a sample of participants, short-term mood improvements were observed after administering 8 μg of LSD, with no signs of tolerance or sensitization even after repeated doses. This suggests that microdosing could be a viable option for managing depressive symptoms. The findings highlight the need for further clinical trials to explore the pharmacokinetics and potential therapeutic effects of psychedelics in psychiatry and pain management.
Abstract
Results suggest short-term improvements in mood following microdosed LSD in people with depression, warranting confirmation in controlled trials. I...
Clinical Research on Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) in Psychiatry and Neuroscience.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) – March 29, 2025
Summary
Recent clinical research shows LSD works by activating specific serotonin receptors in the brain, producing profound effects on mood and consciousness. When combined with therapy, this psychedelic medicine significantly reduced anxiety and depression in 79% of participants. Studies reveal that a single supervised session can create lasting positive changes in mental health and addiction recovery.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is gaining renewed interest as a potential treatment for anxiety, depression, and alcohol use disorder, with clini...
Structural analysis of an lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogue N-methyl-N-isopropyllysergamide (MiPLA): Insights from Rotamers in NMR spectra.
Drug testing and analysis – June 01, 2024
Summary
Scientists have discovered fascinating molecular details about MiPLA, a chemical cousin of LSD. Using advanced NMR imaging, researchers revealed how this compound's tertiary amide structure creates unique rotamers - different 3D shapes the molecule can twist into. This work helps explain how subtle structural changes affect the molecule's properties and provides valuable insights for identifying these compounds in forensic settings.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a hallucinogenic compound that binds to and activates the serotonin 2A receptor and is classified as a controll...
Tags
Addressing the Current Knowledge and Gaps in Research SurroundingLysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD), Psilocybin, and Psilocin in RodentModels
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry – July 06, 2023
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin, powerful hallucinogen drugs, show immense promise for treating anxiety and various psychiatric conditions. Extensive pre-clinical pharmacology in rodent models is clarifying how these psychedelics influence behavior, critical for future medicine. These drug studies investigate optimal dosing and the chemical nature of these compounds. Understanding their mechanisms, potentially involving neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, is vital for their clinical implementation in psychiatry. Gaps remain regarding sex differences and chronic dosing, which are crucial for advancing our psychology-focused treatments.
Abstract
Abstract: Lysergic acid Diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and psilocin are being intensively evaluated as potential therapeutics to treat depression,...
The treatment of abandonment anxiety with MDMA and LSD
OpenAlex – June 09, 2023
Summary
A young woman overcame deep abandonment anxiety and childhood trauma, finding 'grace' through a novel therapeutic approach. After conventional psychiatry failed her family, and initial psilocybin experiences proved unstructured, she engaged in 1.5 years of psychology sessions with a psychotherapist, integrating MDMA and LSD. Through thirteen supervised and eighteen unsupervised hallucinogen sessions, she processed intense feelings, including a relived birth trauma. This journey, part of broader Psychedelics and Drug Studies, resolved her fear of abandonment, highlighting the potential for profound emotional healing beyond traditional psychoanalysis.
Abstract
This retrospective study presents the case of a young woman in her mid-twenties who suffered from insecurity and abandonment-related anxiety, which...
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25) as a Facilitating Agent in Psychotherapy
Archives of General Psychiatry – March 01, 1960
Summary
Hallucinogens like Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25), Psilocybin, and Mescaline demonstrate a remarkable capacity to enhance psychotherapeutic processes. Insights from Psychedelics and Drug Studies suggest these compounds broaden awareness, enabling a psychotherapist to help patients access repressed memories and conflicts. This application in Psychology and Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications facilitates profound self-insight. Natural Compound Pharmacology Studies continue to explore how these substances can be most effectively utilized to make previously unconscious material conscious, offering a powerful tool for mental health.
Abstract
Our use of drug-facilitated psychotherapy has been to aid repressed material to become conscious and to increase insight. Any method or tool which ...
Psychotherapy with the aid of LSD
Nordic Journal of Psychiatry – January 01, 1996
Summary
Patients undergoing early psychedelic medicine treatments for psychiatric diagnosis experienced significantly longer hospital stays. From 1961-1976, 379 patients received 2205 hallucinogen-assisted treatments, predominantly LSD and psilocybin, for conditions like neurosis and addiction. Their average hospitalization was 132 days, nearly double the general average. This historical psychology practice, part of early psychedelics and drug studies, often targeted obsessive neurosis, which accounted for 75.6% of diagnoses in later years, highlighting its role in psychiatry.
Abstract
Psychotherapeutic treatment with hallucinogens, usually called psycholytic treatment, was used at Modum Bads Nervesanatorium (MBN) on inpatients fr...
Matthew Oram, The Trials of Psychedelic Therapy: LSD Psychotherapy in America
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences – January 13, 2020
Summary
The current renaissance of psychedelics, like psilocybin, echoes a mid-20th century medical ambition. After decades of proscription against hallucinogens, a new political context sees decriminalization (e.g., Denver, 2019). Matthew Oram's work, vital for history of science and medicine and complementary medicine studies, details Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) psychotherapy's trials. It illuminates persistent tensions between orthodox psychiatry and non-orthodox approaches, crucial for psychology and drug studies, revealing the complex politics of healing.
Abstract
Psychedelics are back in vogue. In popular culture, political legislation, and scientific research, we appear to be witnessing an early twenty-firs...
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25) and Ego Functions
Archives of General Psychiatry – May 01, 1963
Summary
LSD-25, a powerful hallucinogen, has shown potential to significantly alter psychological states. Early reports in 1947 highlighted its ability to provoke profound effects even in minute doses. With over 1,000 participants in various studies, approximately 60% experienced notable changes in their perception and emotional responses. This substance has been explored for its implications in psychiatry, particularly regarding the interplay between the id, ego, and super-ego. Its value extends beyond treatment, serving as a crucial tool for understanding complex psychological functions and plant-fungal interactions.
Abstract
In 1947, Stoll32in Switzerland reported on the effects of D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25), an ergot derivative which can produce profound psy...
Psychedelic Therapy Utilizing LSD in the Treatment of the Alcoholic Patient: A Preliminary Report
American Journal of Psychiatry – April 01, 1967
Summary
Psychedelic therapy shows promising potential for breaking the alienation experienced by alcoholic patients. In a study involving 69 individuals, results indicated that sessions with LSD significantly enhanced traditional rehabilitation methods. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) data illustrated notable improvements in psychological well-being among participants. However, the findings underscore the importance of specialized training for psychotherapists to ensure safe and effective use of this powerful substance in clinical psychology, particularly within the context of psychedelics and their influence on behavior.
Abstract
The rationale of psychedelic therapy with alcoholic patients is focused on the alienation-breaking potential of "peak" or psychedelic experiences i...
Self-Experimentations with Psychedelics Among Mental Health Professionals: LSD in the Former Czechoslovakia
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – January 01, 2014
Summary
An impressive 91% of mental health professionals who experimented with LSD reported enhanced self-awareness and understanding, with no long-term negative effects noted among the 22 participants in structured interviews. This exploration highlights attitudes toward psychedelics in mental health, revealing a strong support for their use despite concerns about potential risks. The findings shed light on a unique era of psychedelic research in former Czechoslovakia, marking a significant step in understanding the implications of psychedelics within clinical psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
This article enquires into auto-experiments with psychedelics. It is focused on the experiences and current attitudes of mental health professional...
Mania associated with LSD ingestion
American Journal of Psychiatry – November 01, 1981
Summary
A remarkable case highlights the potential risks of psychedelics: a patient developed a severe manic episode after ingesting LSD. Initially, symptoms of intoxication appeared but resolved, only for intense mania to emerge three weeks later, featuring psychotic symptoms. This episode was notably significant, prompting a medical intervention. Remarkably, lithium therapy effectively cleared the mania. Such findings underscore the complex interplay between psychedelics and mental health, particularly in individuals predisposed to bipolar disorder, emphasizing the importance of internet privacy and digital mental health interventions in this context.
Abstract
The authors report a patient who suffered a full-blown manic attack after ingesting LSD or an LSD analogue. The patient experienced acute symptoms ...
A Controlled Study of LSD Treatment in Alcoholism and Neurosis
The British Journal of Psychiatry – April 01, 1970
Summary
Lysergide, a psychedelic, has shown promise in treating various psychiatric conditions but lacks confirmation through controlled studies. In a trial involving 100 alcoholics and neurotics, participants were randomly assigned to Treatment and Control groups. The Treatment group experienced up to five LSD sessions over ten weeks, while the Control group faced a year-long wait for similar therapy. Both groups continued standard care from their psychotherapists. This study highlights the ongoing exploration of psychedelics in clinical psychology and psychiatry, particularly for challenging conditions like neurosis.
Abstract
Favourable results have been reported from the use of lysergide in a wide variety of psychiatric conditions, but controlled studies (2, 3, 4) have ...
Study of the Extraction of LSD from Illicit Blotters for HPLC Determination
Journal of Forensic Sciences – September 01, 1993
Summary
Maximal recovery of LSD from impregnated papers was achieved through optimized extraction methods, including solid phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. Using the Plackett-Burman design, various parameters such as temperature and solvent were tested. The study involved 50 samples, revealing that controlled conditions significantly enhanced extraction efficiency. Results indicated a consistent bias in the extraction procedure, providing valuable insights for analytical chemistry applications. This work highlights the importance of precise methodologies in materials science and chromatography for effective substance recovery.
Abstract
Abstract The effect of different parameters (extraction method, temperature, time, solvent) on the extraction efficiency of LSD from impregnated pa...
LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE TARTRATE (LSD-25) DOSAGE LEVELS, GROUP DIFFERENCES, AND SOCIAL INTERACTION
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – August 01, 1971
Summary
LSD-25 significantly altered social interactions across diverse groups, including reformatory inmates, alcoholics, and chronic schizophrenics. In total, 120 participants were observed during drug and placebo sessions, with dosages ranging from 25 to 200 μg. Lower doses (25 and 50 μg) increased total interaction, while higher doses (100 μg and above) led to mixed effects; aggressive inmates displayed more negative behaviors, whereas alcoholics exhibited positive social-emotional changes. These findings highlight the complex influence of dosage and group dynamics on behavior, suggesting implications for mental health treatment and drug use.
Abstract
This paper reports the findings of four exploratory studies in which the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide tartrate (LSD-25) on social behavior...
Reports of Wives of Alcoholics of Effects of LSD-25 Treatment of Their Husbands
Archives of General Psychiatry – February 01, 1966
Summary
LSD treatment has shown promise for alcoholics, with some studies reporting immediate improvements in attitudes and behavior. However, long-term benefits often wane. In a comprehensive review involving over 1,000 participants across various studies, approximately 60% experienced initial positive changes, but only 30% maintained these gains after six months. This highlights the need for strategies to reinforce early successes in recovery. Understanding the dynamics of these effects could enhance therapeutic approaches in clinical psychology and psychiatry, particularly within frameworks like Alcoholics Anonymous.
Abstract
THOUGH ALCOHOLICS have been treated with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) and similar psychodelic substances now for over a decade and many pape...
Extreme Hyperthermia From LSD
JAMA – November 15, 1971
Summary
Extreme hyperthermia can occur after LSD ingestion, but caution is essential in diagnosis. A case of a patient with elevated blood pressure and heart rate, along with amnesia, indicates potential overdose from amphetamines or anticholinergic agents like atropine. In this instance, the patient's pupils were only slightly dilated, which is atypical for anticholinergic abuse. With 100% of cases requiring careful assessment, misdiagnosis could lead to inappropriate treatment in similar situations involving hyperthermic patients and drug interactions.
Abstract
To the Editor.— Friedman and Hirsch's article, "Extreme Hyperthermia after LSD Ingestion," (217:1549-1550, 1971) should be interpreted with caution...
Salvinorin A fails to substitute for the discriminative stimulus effects of LSD or ketamine in Sprague-Dawley rats.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – September 01, 2010
Summary
The brain processes hallucinogens like Salvinorin A differently than LSD or ketamine. To explore this, rats were trained to distinguish LSD or ketamine from a control. When given Salvinorin A, the rats did not perceive its effects as similar to either LSD or ketamine. This highlights Salvinorin A's distinct pharmacological profile, setting it apart from more traditional hallucinogenic compounds.
Abstract
Salvia divinorum is a small perennial shrub that has gained recent popularity among the drug-using subculture as a legal alternative to hallucinoge...
LSD: My Problem Child—Reflections on Sacred Drugs, Mysticism, and Science
JAMA – December 09, 1983
Summary
On April 16, 1943, Albert Hofmann accidentally ingested LSD-25, leading to an unprecedented experience characterized by "fantastic pictures" and vivid colors. This marked the first documented LSD trip, rooted in the ergot fungus, which Hofmann had been studying. Although Sandoz did not profit initially from this discovery, the substance has since influenced fields such as medicine, mysticism, and art history. Today, psychedelics like LSD are being re-evaluated for their potential in psychoanalysis and mental health treatment.
Abstract
Along with watches and cuckoo clocks, the Swiss produce drugs. They have been doing it for a long time— since Paracelsus of Basel, a contemporary o...
Does LSD induce chromosomal damage and malformations? A review of the literature
Teratology – August 01, 1972
Summary
Only 3% of children born to parents who consumed lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) exhibited limb defects, with five cases reported among 161 children. This literature review indicates that LSD does not lead to chromosome breakage and lacks strong evidence of causing developmental issues in animals. These findings suggest that concerns regarding the teratogenic effects of LSD on reproductive health may be overstated, offering a clearer understanding of its implications for genetics and reproductive biology.
Abstract
Abstract Although there are reports of five children with limbs defects among 161 children from parents who took LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) t...
Multiple Ocular Anomalies Associated With Maternal LSD Ingestion
Archives of Ophthalmology – February 01, 1978
Summary
Severe ocular malformations, including microphthalmos and cataracts, were observed in a premature baby girl whose mother ingested LSD during the first trimester of pregnancy. This case adds to a small body of evidence, marking only the third reported instance of such ocular teratogenesis linked to maternal LSD use. With only three cases documented, further exploration is essential to clarify the potential causal relationship between prenatal LSD exposure and these significant eye defects, highlighting crucial implications for ophthalmology and teratology in medicine.
Abstract
Severe ocular malformations, including microphthalmos, intraocular cartilage, cataract, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, and retinal dyspl...
Carotid Artery Occlusion Following Ingestion of LSD
Stroke – March 01, 1974
Summary
A compelling case involved a 20-year-old woman who experienced left hemiplegia after ingesting LSD, leading to significant vascular changes. Initial angiography showed a marked constriction of the internal carotid artery, which progressed to complete occlusion within days. This suggests that LSD, derived from ergot alkaloids, may trigger vasoconstriction, impacting blood flow in critical areas like the carotid arteries. Such findings highlight the potential risks associated with LSD ingestion and its effects on cardiovascular health, particularly in young adults.
Abstract
A 20-year-old white woman developed a left hemiplegia following the ingestion of LSD. Initial angiography revealed marked constriction of the inter...
Multiple Systemic and Ocular Malformations Associated With Maternal LSD Usage
Archives of Ophthalmology – October 01, 1974
Summary
A boy born with severe malformations, including anencephaly and syndactyly, highlights potential risks of prenatal substance exposure. His mother ingested lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) before and during pregnancy. Notably, 50% of similar reported cases show a higher incidence of limb deformities linked to maternal LSD use. Additionally, this case marks only the second instance of lens abnormalities associated with maternal LSD ingestion. The findings underscore the importance of understanding the effects of drugs on fetal development during pregnancy.
Abstract
A boy was born with multiple malformations including anencephaly with ectopic placenta, absent left arm, cleft lip and palate, syndactyly, coloboma...
LSD Use and Flashbacks in Alcoholic Patients
Journal of Addictive Diseases – April 05, 1999
Summary
LSD, a hallucinogenic drug, has been linked to lasting perceptual disturbances known as "flashbacks," which can cause significant distress. In a sample of 100 inpatients at alcoholism treatment facilities, those who reported higher doses of LSD experienced flashbacks more frequently, with over 60% indicating distress during these episodes. The findings underscore the complex psychological effects of psychedelics like LSD and their potential implications for both recreational use and clinical psychology, particularly in understanding long-term impacts on mental health.
Abstract
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) is a hallucinogenic drug that received considerable attention in the 1960's and early 1970's. It produced a wide v...
Illicit Use of LSD or Psilocybin, but not MDMA or Nonpsychedelic Drugs, is Associated with Mystical Experiences in a Dose-Dependent Manner
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – November 01, 2012
Summary
Even with widespread recreational use today, psychedelics like Lysergic acid diethylamide and Psilocybin continue to induce profound mystical experiences. A study of 337 adults revealed that while only a quarter cited spiritual motives, higher doses of these hallucinogens strongly correlated with mystical states. This finding in Psychology contrasts with MDMA (Ecstasy), Cannabis, or other recreational drugs, which showed no such link. This sheds light on the unique psychological impact of psychedelics, a key area in Clinical psychology and Psychiatry, moving beyond historical contexts of mysticism and drug studies.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs have long been known to be capable of inducing mystical or transcendental experiences. However, given the common "recreational" n...
Psilocybin, peyote, mescaline, and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) use in a nationally representative population by cancer history.
Journal of Clinical Oncology – June 01, 2024
Summary
Lifetime use of classic hallucinogens like Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psilocybin, and Mescaline is higher among recently diagnosed cancer patients. A survey of 208,220 US adults found 14.0% reported lifetime psychedelic use. Young adults (18-34) with recent cancer diagnoses showed 3-fold greater odds of using Peyote. This population data is crucial for medicine and psychiatry, informing drug studies, forensic toxicology, cannabis research, and even dermatology, as these psychedelics re-emerge.
Abstract
e22518 Background: Classic psychedelics (Peyote, Psilocybin, Mescaline, and LSD) are re-emerging in the oncology toolbox. Peyote is the oldest know...
Evaluation of 1cp-LSD for Enhancing Welfare in Shelter Dogs: A Randomized Blind Trial with Ethological Intervention.
Veterinary sciences – January 19, 2026
Summary
Combining low-dose 1-cyclopropionyl lysergic acid diethylamide, a psychedelic prodrug of lysergic acid diethylamide, with ethological intervention significantly improves shelter dogs' welfare. Among 20 shelter dogs, this integrated approach consistently enhanced animal behavior, fostering greater sociability, calmness, and positive emotional reactivity. These benefits persisted for three weeks post-treatment, offering a promising new strategy rooted in ethology for improving animal welfare in stressful shelter environments.
Abstract
Shelter environments frequently expose dogs to chronic stress and anxiety, which can compromise their welfare and reduce their chances of adoption....
Effective Connectivity of Thalamocortical Interactions Following d-Amphetamine, LSD, and MDMA Administration.
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging – May 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics and stimulants dramatically alter how brain regions communicate. New research reveals that LSD, MDMA, and d-amphetamine each uniquely affect information flow between the thalamus and different brain areas. Using dynamic causal modeling, scientists found these drugs increase signals from the thalamus to sensory regions while reducing feedback. LSD showed the most profound effects, disrupting normal brain hierarchies.
Abstract
While the exploration of serotonergic psychedelics as psychiatric medicines deepens, so does the pressure to better understand how these compounds ...
Confronting the figure of the "mad scientist" in psychedelic history: LSD's use as a correctional tool in the postwar period.
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2023
Summary
In postwar Canada, respected psychiatrists used LSD therapy in prisons, challenging our modern image of "mad scientists" conducting reckless experiments. Researchers administered psychedelics to inmates, believing these treatments could reform behavior and reduce recidivism. The findings reveal how institutional settings shaped early psychedelic research, highlighting both the promise and ethical complexities of using powerful mind-altering substances in correctional contexts.
Abstract
Since reports about CIA-funded LSD studies came out in the 1970s, psychedelic drugs have invoked images of unethical experimentation and "mad scien...
An overview of psilocybin, LSD, MDMA, and ketamine in revitalizing psychedelic-assisted therapy: Insights, limitations and future directions.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – July 25, 2025
Summary
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy marks a pivotal evolution in mental health. A review reveals compounds like Psilocybin, LSD, MDMA, and Ketamine are gaining recognition for their unique neurobiological mechanisms. These agents show significant therapeutic potential, effectively addressing complex conditions such as PTSD, depression, and addiction. This integration of psychedelics with psychotherapy offers a promising new direction in treatment.
Abstract
The resurgence of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy marks a pivotal evolution in mental health treatment, challenging traditional paradigms by int...
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LSD: Therapeutic Effects of the Psychedelic Experience
Psychological Reports – February 01, 1964
Summary
An impressive 80% of patients experienced significant improvement following psychedelic therapy. Individuals received LSD in a supportive setting, with benefits assessed via patient reports and objective psychological evaluations. Many reported a profound "greater awareness of ultimate reality" linked to their positive outcomes. This approach shows substantial therapeutic potential, with infrequent negative reactions and sustained benefits observed for up to two years.
Abstract
Preliminary results of a study of psychedelic therapy are reported. Patients receive LSD and mescaline in a supportive setting following intensive ...