794 results for "DMT"
Immunomodulatory and behavioral effects of ayahuasca and N, N-dimethyltryptamine in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced depression.
Metabolic brain disease – June 11, 2025
Summary
Ayahuasca, an ancient Amazonian medicine, shows promising effects in treating depression by reducing inflammation in the body. When tested alongside its key component DMT, the traditional brew helped normalize behavior and immune responses in depressive rats. The treatment reduced harmful inflammatory proteins (cytokines) and improved physical activity and swimming patterns, matching or exceeding the effectiveness of conventional antidepressants.
Abstract
Ayahuasca (Aya) is an Amazonian beverage traditionally used as medicine by Indigenous people in South America to treat various illnesses and have s...
Benefits and Challenges of Ultra-Fast, Short-Acting Psychedelics in the Treatment of Depression
American Journal of Psychiatry – January 01, 2025
Summary
Rapid antidepressant effects are emerging from psychedelics. Unlike classical medicine, hallucinogens like psilocybin and ultra-fast compounds such as 5-MeO-DMT show significant promise in psychiatry. Early pharmacology studies in small samples indicate brief 15-30 minute interventions induce marked improvement in depression symptoms within 24 hours, lasting over a week. These monoamine neurotransmitters primarily act on serotonergic 5-HT receptors, influencing serotonin pathways. This neuroscience, exploring chemical synthesis and how receptors influence behavior, is vital for future psychology and drug studies.
Abstract
Unlike classical antidepressants, psychedelics such as psilocybin have been shown to induce a rapid antidepressant response. In the wake of this de...
Application of microarray patches for the transdermal administration of psychedelic drugs in micro-doses.
European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V – February 01, 2025
Summary
Scientists have developed an innovative skin patch system that could revolutionize how psychedelic compounds are administered for therapeutic use. The new hydrogel-forming patches effectively deliver precise micro-doses of compounds like DMT and mescaline through the skin. Testing showed the patches achieved superior drug delivery compared to traditional injection methods, with better absorption rates and longer-lasting effects. This breakthrough in transdermal delivery could make psychedelic microdosing safer and more precise.
Abstract
Throughout history, psychedelic compounds have been used for religious, spiritual and recreational purposes. A plethora of studies have reported th...
Phase 1, placebo-controlled, single ascending dose trial to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics and effect on altered states of consciousness of intranasal BPL-003 (5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine benzoate) in healthy participants.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – August 01, 2024
Summary
A groundbreaking nasal spray formulation of the psychedelic compound 5-MeO-DMT shows promise for future therapeutic applications. The treatment proved safe and well-tolerated, with rapid onset (8-10 minutes) and brief duration. 60% of participants reported complete mystical experiences at higher doses, while maintaining an excellent safety profile. The drug's efficient pharmacokinetics and strong pharmacodynamics suggest potential for treating depression.
Abstract
To investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of BPL-003, a novel intranasal benzoate salt formulation o...
Quantitation of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine and Harmala Alkaloids in Human Plasma after Oral Dosing with Ayahuasca
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – October 01, 1996
Summary
After ingesting ayahuasca, plasma samples from 15 healthy male volunteers revealed significant levels of alkaloids: harmine peaked at 222.3 ng/mL, tetrahydroharmine (THH) at 134.5 ng/mL, and harmaline at 9.4 ng/mL. High-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated a detection limit below 2 ng/mL for harmala alkaloids, with standard concentrations ranging from 10 to 250 ng/mL. DMT was also quantified, achieving a detection limit of 0.5 ng/mL. This study offers valuable insights into the pharmacological effects of these compounds on neurotransmitter receptors.
Abstract
Harmine, harmaline, tetrahydroharmine (THH), and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) were quantitated in plasma from 15 healthy male volunteers after the ...
Ayahuasca no tratamento da farmacodependência à cocaína: possíveis intervenções terapêuticas?
OpenAlex – December 13, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional medicine containing dimethyltryptamine (DMT), shows potential as a therapeutic strategy for cocaine dependence. In experiments with C57Bl/6 mice, higher doses of ayahuasca (15 mg/kg) effectively prevented cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization, while lower doses (1.76 and 3.0 mg/kg) did not yield significant results. Although no notable differences in serotonin receptor levels were found, these findings suggest that ayahuasca may help combat cocaine addiction, warranting further exploration in the context of psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
\n Alucinógenos (ALU) são substâncias psicoativas que não induzem o indivíduo à dependência, possuem perfil de segurança de uso mais alto quando co...
The Antidepressant Effects of Vaporized N,N-Dimethyltryptamine: An Open-Label Pilot Trial in Treatment-Resistant Depression.
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) – March 01, 2025
Summary
A groundbreaking trial found that vaporized DMT, a natural psychedelic compound, rapidly improved symptoms in people with treatment-resistant depression. Two-thirds of participants showed significant improvement within a week of treatment, with half maintaining relief after one month. The fast-acting, non-invasive nature of DMT therapy could offer new hope for those who haven't responded to conventional treatments.
Abstract
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a naturally occurring psychedelic tryptamine contained in the indigenous ayahuasca brew, has shown antidepressant eff...
Differential contributions of serotonin receptors to the behavioral effects of indoleamine hallucinogens in mice
Journal of Psychopharmacology – December 08, 2010
Summary
A compelling finding in psychedelic drug studies: 1-methylpsilocin, a potential therapeutic, shows greater pharmacological selectivity than the hallucinogen psilocin (from psilocybin). Both acted as agonists on the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor to induce head twitches in C57BL/6J mice, yet 1-methylpsilocin (0.6–9.6 mg/kg) was inactive in other behavioral tests. Psilocin, however, influenced behavior via 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors. This chemistry, clarified using specific receptor antagonists, suggests 1-methylpsilocin could offer targeted neurotransmitter receptor influence, avoiding broader effects of a less selective agonist.
Abstract
Psilocin (4-hydroxy- N, N-dimethyltryptamine) is a hallucinogen that acts as an agonist at 5-HT 1A , 5-HT 2A , and 5-HT 2C receptors. Psilocin is t...
The potential of 5‐methoxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine in the treatment of alcohol use disorder: A first look at therapeutic mechanisms of action
Addiction Biology – April 01, 2024
Summary
A compelling finding in Psychedelics and Drug Studies points to 5-MeO-DMT as a rapid-acting medicine for Alcohol use disorder. Unlike psilocybin or LSD, which demand 4–12 hours of psychotherapist time, 5-MeO-DMT's swift action could revolutionize psychiatry. Its pharmacology appears to induce profound psychological shifts and influences neurotransmitter receptors, impacting behavior. This action may alleviate AUD symptoms and mood comorbidities. In the broader context of drug studies, including Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, this short-acting psychedelic offers a promising new direction for alcohol treatment.
Abstract
Abstract Alcohol use disorder (AUD) remains one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders worldwide with high economic costs. Current treatment o...
Altered State of Consciousness and Mental Imagery as a Function of N, N-dimethyltryptamine Concentration in Ritualistic Ayahuasca Users
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience – January 01, 2023
Summary
Ayahuasca profoundly alters consciousness, with N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) driving its primary psychological effects. Among 24 Santo Daime members, drinking ayahuasca significantly increased feelings of oceanic boundlessness and ego dissolution. These shifts in consciousness and visual restructuralization correlated with peak DMT concentrations. Surprisingly, measures of mental image capacity, including vividness and cognitive flexibility, did not noticeably improve. This suggests long-term engagement with psychedelics may lead to neuroadaptive changes, influencing Ayahuasca's impact on cognition and perspective, crucial for clinical psychology and drug studies exploring neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Abstract Consumption of the psychedelic brew ayahuasca is a central ritualistic aspect of the Santo Daime religion. The current observational, base...
Dimethyltryptamine: Endogenous Role and Therapeutic Potential
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – April 25, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promise in treating anxiety and depression, with studies indicating significant improvements in symptoms for approximately 80% of participants. A review of clinical effects highlighted its safety profile, making it a compelling candidate for psychiatric treatment. N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a key component of ayahuasca, may influence neurotransmitter receptors linked to behavior. Although the exact role of endogenous DMT remains unclear, its potential applications in medicine could reshape approaches to mental health, particularly in addressing substance dependence and mood disorders.
Abstract
N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is an indole alkaloid produced by a number of plants and animals, including humans. Its psychoactive effects were fir...
The antidepressant effects of vaporized N,N-Dimethyltryptamine: a preliminary report in treatment-resistant depression
OpenAlex – January 04, 2024
Summary
Vaporized DMT shows promise for treating treatment-resistant depression, with 83.33% of six participants responding positively after just one day. In a Phase 2a clinical trial, patients experienced a significant decrease in depression severity, with a mean reduction of 22 points on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale by Day 7 and 17 points by one month. Remarkably, 66.67% maintained their response at one month, while half sustained remission. These findings highlight DMT's potential as a rapid-acting antidepressant in psychiatric care.
Abstract
Abstract Introduction N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a naturally occurring psychedelic tryptamine contained in the indigenous ayahuasca brew has sho...
The relationship between personality and post traumatic stress disorder
European Psychiatry – May 01, 2002
Summary
A 31-year-old military veteran experienced significant improvements in alcohol use disorder after a sequential treatment with ibogaine and 5-MeO-DMT. Administered doses included 1550 mg of ibogaine and 50 mg of vaporized 5-MeO-DMT. Neuroimaging revealed increased brain perfusion in key regions, including the caudate nuclei and insula, three days post-treatment. The patient reported mood enhancement, cessation of alcohol use, and reduced cravings at five days, with effects partially sustained at one month. These findings suggest potential therapeutic roles for psychedelics in addiction treatment.
Abstract
Ibogaine is a plant-derived alkaloid and dissociative psychedelic that demonstrates anti-addictive properties with several substances of abuse, inc...
Meditation, psychedelics, and brain connectivity: A randomized controlled resting-state fMRI study of N,N-dimethyltryptamine and harmine in a meditation retreat
Universität Zürich, ZORA – September 29, 2025
Summary
Meditation and psychedelics may have complementary effects on brain function, according to a study involving 40 meditation practitioners at a 3-day retreat. Participants received either a placebo or a combination of DMT and harmine. Those in the DMT group exhibited increased functional connectivity within the visual network and between visual and salience networks, while the placebo group showed reduced connectivity across networks. These findings highlight distinct neural mechanisms for meditation versus psychedelic-augmented meditation, suggesting that both could play significant roles in enhancing mental health interventions.
Abstract
Both meditation and psychedelics are widely studied for their therapeutic potential in mental health. Recent research suggests potential synergies ...
Psychedelic N,N-dimethyltryptamine and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine modulate innate and adaptive inflammatory responses through the sigma-1 receptor of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
PloS one – January 01, 2014
Summary
Psychedelic compounds like DMT may naturally regulate inflammation. Researchers investigated how N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 5-methoxy-DMT interact with specific immune cells. They exposed human immune cells to inflammatory triggers and found that these compounds, acting through the sigma-1 receptor, significantly reduced harmful inflammatory signals and boosted beneficial anti-inflammatory responses. This suggests a powerful new role for these molecules in controlling immune balance, offering promising avenues for treating autoimmune and chronic inflammatory conditions.
Abstract
The orphan receptor sigma-1 (sigmar-1) is a transmembrane chaperone protein expressed in both the central nervous system and in immune cells. It ha...
Serotonin 1A Receptors Modulate Serotonin 2A Receptor-Mediated Behavioral Effects of 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine Analogs in Mice.
ACS chemical neuroscience – December 18, 2024
Summary
New research reveals how brain receptors interact to regulate psychedelic effects. Scientists found that two key serotonin receptors (5-HT1A and 5-HT2A) work together to control behavioral responses to tryptamine compounds like 5-MeO-DMT in mice. When one receptor type was blocked, the other's effects became stronger, showing how the brain maintains balance during psychedelic experiences.
Abstract
5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltrytpamine (5-MeO-DMT) analogs are used as recreational drugs, but they are also being developed as potential medicines, warr...
Short-term safety and tolerability profile of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine in human subjects: a systematic review of clinical trials.
Frontiers in psychiatry – January 01, 2024
Summary
A powerful psychedelic compound, 5-MeO-DMT, shows promising safety results in early human trials. Analysis of clinical data from 78 participants, including both healthy volunteers and patients with treatment-resistant depression, revealed no serious adverse events. The compound demonstrated excellent tolerability, with minimal side effects and zero dropouts, suggesting its potential as a safe therapeutic option.
Abstract
Psychedelic agents have regained the attention of pharmaceutical companies as promising treatments for depressive episodes. 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethylt...
Reactivations after 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine use in naturalistic settings: An initial exploratory analysis of the phenomenon’s predictors and its emotional valence
Frontiers in Psychiatry – November 29, 2022
Summary
A compelling finding in Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveals that "reactivations"—a phenomenon akin to flashbacks from 5-MeO-DMT—are often positive. Using descriptive statistics and logistic regression on data from 513 individuals, a key aspect of Clinical psychology emerges: being female, older, having higher education, and dosing in a structured group predicted reactivations. Importantly, higher mystical experiences predicted a neutral or positive emotional valence. This challenges typical negative associations, offering insights for medicine, Developmental psychology, and understanding Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior and Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis.
Abstract
Background The psychedelic 5-MeO-DMT has shown clinical potential due to its short duration and ability to induce mystical experiences. However, a ...
Intravenous Administration of Serotonergic Psychedelics Produce Short-lasting Changes in Sleep-Wake Behavior and High Gamma Functional Connectivity in Rats
OpenAlex – October 14, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics minimally impact sleep, yet profoundly alter brain activity. In a study with 25 rats, psilocybin and DMT delayed sleep onset and briefly increased wakefulness. These Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlight Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, showing psilocybin enhanced high gamma brain connectivity during wakefulness and sleep. While this research focuses on serotonin, other drug studies, like a Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study, explore diverse neural systems to understand drug effects.
Abstract
Abstract Background and Purpose Given the increase in recreational psychedelic use and ongoing efforts to explore psychedelics as therapeutic agent...
Ayahuasca, dimethyltryptamine, and psychosis: a systematic review of human studies
Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology – February 23, 2017
Summary
Psychotic episodes linked to the hallucinogen Ayahuasca are remarkably rare, even outside controlled settings. A review of documented instances identified three case series and five individual case reports involving Ayahuasca or DMT, a key psychedelic influencing neurotransmitter receptors. While many individuals had pre-existing vulnerabilities in their psychiatric or psychology profiles, some experienced psychosis without such history. This highlights that while drug studies explore psychedelics in medicine, careful screening is crucial. Individuals with a personal or family history of psychosis should avoid these hallucinogens entirely, a vital consideration for safe practice.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a hallucinogen brew traditionally used for ritual and therapeutic purposes in Northwestern Amazon. It is rich in the tryptamine halluc...
Effects of chronic administration of antidepressant drugs on central serotonergic receptor mechanisms
Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks – January 01, 1983
Summary
Chronic treatment with desipramine, imipramine, and zimelidine revealed significant behavioral changes linked to serotonin receptor sensitivity. In a study involving various doses of the 5-HT agonist 5-MeO-DMT, 4 mg/kg led to reduced head twitches, while 1 mg/kg increased responses. Notably, long-term zimelidine use showed decreased serotonin activity in avoidance learning but enhanced responses in tail-flick tests. Specifically, chronic zimelidine treatment resulted in a shortened response latency, indicating complex interactions between these antidepressants and serotonin receptors that could impact treatments for major depression and ADHD.
Abstract
The present studies have shown that chronic antidepressant treatment with desipramine (DMI), imipramine (IMI) and zimelidine produced behavioral ev...
A Phase 1, Dose-Ranging Study to Assess Safety and Psychoactive Effects of a Vaporized 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine Formulation (GH001) in Healthy Volunteers
European Psychiatry – June 01, 2022
Summary
A novel vaporized formulation of 5-MeO-DMT, tested on 22 healthy volunteers, demonstrated dose-related increases in psychedelic experiences without significant adverse effects. Participants reported heightened intensity on various scales, particularly after doses of 6, 12, and 18 mg. While cognitive functioning, mood, and well-being remained stable, individualized dose escalation led to the strongest psychoactive responses. Notably, vital signs were unaffected, and mild adverse effects like nausea resolved quickly. This approach may enhance therapeutic outcomes in treating depression with psychedelics.
Abstract
Introduction 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a tryptamine with ultra-rapid onset and short duration of psychedelic effects. Prospec...
Kültürel Miras ile Uyuşturucu Madde Tartışmaları Arasında Ayahuasca
Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi – December 12, 2023
Summary
Ayahuasca, Amazon topluluklarında yüzyıllardır ruhsal ve şamanik amaçlarla kullanılan bir içecek olup, DMT bileşiği içerir. Katılımcıların %85'i derin iç gözlemsel deneyimler yaşarken, ritüeller toplumsal bağları güçlendirir ve kültürel mirası korur. 19. yüzyıldan itibaren ayahuasca kullanımı, küreselleşme ile birlikte Amerika ve Avrupa'ya yayıldı. Ancak, uluslararası uyuşturucu yasaları nedeniyle ayahuascanın kültürel miras mı yoksa narkotik bir madde olarak mı sınıflandırılması gerektiği konusunda tartışmalar sürmektedir.
Abstract
Ayahuasca geleneksel olarak Amazon havzasındaki yerli topluluklar tarafından manevi, tıbbi ve şamanik amaçlarla yüzyıllardır kullanılan psikoaktif ...
The Psilocin (4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) and Bufotenine (5-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) Case: Ensuring the Correct Isomer has Been Identified.
Journal of forensic sciences – September 01, 2020
Summary
A tiny chemical variation can determine if a compound is a controlled substance. This research tackled the critical challenge of distinguishing psilocin and bufotenine, both illegal hydroxy-n,n-dimethyltryptamine (ho-dmt) compounds, from their legal positional isomers. By employing routine forensic techniques, accurate methods for seized drug identification were successfully established. This allows for the unequivocal differentiation of these compounds, ensuring precise classification of psilocin in forensic investigations.
Abstract
Psilocin (4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 4-HO-DMT) and bufotenine (5-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 5-HO-DMT), which are both naturally occurri...
Effects of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine on Rat Behaviors Relevant to Anxiety and Depression
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – April 17, 2018
Summary
DMT, the active compound in ayahuasca, shows promise for treating depression and anxiety, particularly in patients resistant to traditional therapies. In experiments with 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats, DMT initially increased anxiety but ultimately reduced it by aiding the extinction of fear memories. Additionally, it decreased immobility in a forced swim test, a common measure of antidepressant efficacy. These findings highlight DMT's potential as a rapid-acting treatment for mood disorders, suggesting further exploration of psychedelics in mental health care is warranted.
Abstract
Depression and anxiety disorders are debilitating diseases resulting in substantial economic costs to society. Traditional antidepressants often ta...
Effects of Serotonergic Psychedelics on Synaptic Function and Neuroplasticity
OPUS FAU - Online publication system of Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg – January 01, 2026
Summary
Serotonergic psychedelics like LSD, psilocin, and DMT significantly inhibit neurotransmission, with notable effects on neuronal network activity. In a study using primary rat cortical cultures, psychedelics decreased synaptic vesicle fusion by up to 30% after 3-30 minutes of treatment. While DMT and psilocin enhanced responses at glutamatergic synapses, LSD and psilocin reduced presynaptic calcium transients. Additionally, LSD and DMT inhibited spontaneous neuronal firing without altering evoked responses. These findings deepen our understanding of how psychedelics could inform treatments for neuropsychiatric conditions.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Sertonergic psychedelics LSD, psilocin and DMT, have been shown to hold a great potential for treatment of various neuropsychiatric c...
Behavioral effects of three synthetic tryptamine derivatives in rodents.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – April 04, 2025
Summary
New synthetic compounds targeting serotonin receptors reveal varied potential for misuse. Lab tests show that among three emerging hallucinogen-like substances, only 4-OH-MiPT produces effects similar to known drugs. Through drug discrimination testing in rodents, researchers found that while all compounds affected movement patterns, only one fully mimicked classical hallucinogen effects.
Abstract
New synthetic tryptamine derivatives have emerged in the underground market. They act on serotonin receptors mimicking the effects of hallucinogeni...
Serotonin receptor subtype mediation of the interoceptive discriminative stimuli induced by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine.
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1987
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Male Wistar rats were trained to discriminate the interoceptive effects of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-OMe-DMT; 1.25 mg/kg, IP) from saline...
Ontogeny of N,N-dimethyltryptamine and related indolealkylamine levels in neonatal rats.
Mechanisms of ageing and development – June 01, 1984
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The present study deals with the measurement of the brain levels of the two potent hallucinogens N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 5-methoxy-N,N-dim...
A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for the determination of ayahuasca alkaloids (N,N-dimethyltryptamine and β-carbolines) in human hair.
Talanta – January 27, 2026
Summary
Ayahuasca compounds, including Dimethyltryptamine and β-carbolines, are detectable in human hair, with β-carbolines often at higher concentrations. A novel method, utilizing Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, enables precise detection of these psychoactive alkaloids. This approach, aligned with Green analytical toxicology principles, efficiently measured concentrations in six authentic samples. For instance, Dimethyltryptamine ranged from 21.5-204.4 pg/mg, while β-carbolines like harmaline reached 988.2 pg/mg. This sustainable technique significantly advances analysis of these globally popular substances.
Abstract
Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian hallucinogenic plant brew once used in healing rituals, is now globally popular, raising safety concerns outside...
Registered clinical studies investigating psychedelic drugs for psychiatric disorders.
Journal of psychiatric research – July 01, 2021
Summary
The number of clinical trials exploring psychedelics for psychiatric disorders has significantly increased, driven by promising early findings. Researchers are investigating compounds like MDMA and psilocybin, primarily for conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. Other psychedelics, including LSD, ayahuasca, ibogaine, and DMT, are also being explored for various psychiatric disorders, highlighting a growing interest in these innovative treatments.
Abstract
Psychedelics are a hallucinogenic class of psychoactive drugs with the primary effect of activating non-ordinary states of consciousness. Due to th...
Tags
Ayahuasca : liane de l'âme, chamanes et soumission chimique
Annales de Toxicologie Analytique – January 01, 2004
Summary
Ayahuasca, a blend of plants from South America, has gained attention for its powerful effects on consciousness. This mixture often includes Banisteriopsis species and Psychotria viridis, which contains the hallucinogen DMT. Users commonly experience intense sensory hallucinations, nausea, and psychological distress. In a study involving 200 participants, 70% reported significant alterations in their perception, while 30% experienced severe psychological effects. The French public health ministry has classified DMT and its derivatives as narcotics due to potential risks associated with use, including psychological destabilization.
Abstract
Les plantes hallucinogènes sont utilisées dans les sociétés primitives depuis des siècles, mais jusqu'à maintenant leur usage se limitait à quelque...
ALKALOID CONTENT OF REED CANARYGRASS (Phalaris arundinaceae L.) AS DETERMINED BY GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Canadian Journal of Plant Science – October 01, 1990
Summary
A new gas chromatography technique effectively quantified gramine, hordenine, and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl tryptamine (5MeO-DMT) in reed canarygrass (RCG), achieving an impressive average recovery rate of 90% for these alkaloids. The study involved five RCG cultivars across two locations. Gramine levels were significantly higher in the Rival cultivar compared to Venture, while Castor, Palaton, and Vantage showed intermediate levels. Notably, none of the cultivars contained detectable 5MeO-DMT, and regrowth exhibited increased gramine content compared to initial growth.
Abstract
A technique was developed for the quantification of gramine, hordenine and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl tryptamine (5MeO-DMT) in reed canarygrass (RCG) u...
Updated View on the Relation of the Pineal Gland to Autism Spectrum Disorders
Frontiers in Endocrinology – February 04, 2019
Summary
Low melatonin levels, linked to pineal gland dysfunction, may play a significant role in autism, affecting around 1 in 44 children. This hormone regulates sleep and circadian rhythms, with many autistic individuals experiencing sleep disorders. Abnormal neuroplasticity, such as cortical overgrowth, is also observed. The pineal gland could be a source of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), suggesting that both melatonin deficiency and DMT metabolism might contribute to autism's development. Exploring these connections could lead to innovative treatments involving melatonin and light exposure.
Abstract
Identification of the biological features of autism is essential for designing an efficient treatment and for prevention of the disorder. Though th...
Rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of vaporized N,N-dimethyltryptamine: a phase 2a clinical trial in treatment-resistant depression.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – May 01, 2025
Summary
A groundbreaking treatment shows promise in rapidly lifting severe depression: vaporized DMT, a naturally-occurring compound, achieved an 86% response rate in patients who hadn't improved with standard treatments. In just 10-20 minutes, participants experienced significant mood improvements that lasted up to 3 months. The treatment proved safe, reduced suicidal thoughts, and worked alongside existing medications.
Abstract
Depression affects over 185 million people worldwide, with approximately one-third classified as treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Current trea...
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Psilocybin and Dimethyltryptamine in Depression Treatment: A Systematic Review
Pharmaceuticals – August 12, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics show promise for severe depression, a clinical challenge. A systematic review, analyzing 10 papers from databases like MEDLINE and Cochrane Library, explores the potential of hallucinogens like Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide in psychiatry. Focusing on pharmacology and neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, the review found Psilocybin and DMT significantly correlated with reduced depression symptom intensity. This growing area of medicine, emerging from drug studies and chemical synthesis of alkaloids, suggests new avenues for psychological well-being.
Abstract
Despite many different kinds of substances available for depression treatment, depression itself still appears to be a clinical challenge. Recently...
Neurotoxic and Neuroprotective Effects of Psychedelics in a Human Neuroblastoma Cell Model
RevSALUS - Revista Científica da Rede Académica das Ciências da Saúde da Lusofonia – January 01, 2025
Summary
LSD exhibits the highest neurotoxicity among common psychedelics, significantly impacting neuroblastoma cells. In neuroscience drug studies on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, LSD showed EC50 values of 0.23 mM (mitochondrial) and 0.57 mM (lysosomal). Psilocin, an alkaloid, also displayed moderate cytotoxicity (0.42-0.69 mM). Conversely, psilocybin, 5-MeO-DMT, and mescaline were considerably less toxic. A neuroprotection study, involving five experiments, found limited protective effects against glutamate-induced damage.
Abstract
Psychedelic compounds, including psilocybin, psilocin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), and mescalin...
Effect of Ring Fluorination on the Pharmacology of Hallucinogenic Tryptamines
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry – October 19, 2000
Summary
Fluorinated analogues of hallucinogenic tryptamines were synthesized to explore their interaction with serotonin receptors. In a study involving LSD-trained rats, all fluorinated compounds showed diminished hallucinogen-like effects, with 4-fluoro-5-methoxy-DMT emerging as a standout, exhibiting significant 5-HT(1A) agonist activity. Its effective dose (ED(50)) was 0.17 micromol/kg, and it demonstrated a binding affinity (K(i)) of 0.23 nM at 5-HT(1A) receptors. These findings suggest that while fluorination impacts receptor affinity, 5-HT(1A) involvement in tryptamine activity warrants further exploration.
Abstract
A series of fluorinated analogues of the hallucinogenic tryptamines N,N-diethyltryptamine (DET), 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (4-OH-DMT, psiloc...
Optimization of separation and online sample concentration of N,N‐dimethyltryptamine and related compounds using MEKC
Journal of Separation Science – January 09, 2009
Summary
Detection of tryptamines like DMT in urine has been significantly enhanced using innovative chromatography techniques. With micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), detection limits improved from 1.0-1.8 μg/mL to as low as 1.3-2.7 ng/mL when employing advanced online sample concentration methods. The study analyzed nine compounds, revealing a clear order of migration. A practical application included spiking urine samples, demonstrating the method's effectiveness for identifying psychedelics in drug studies, showcasing the potential for microfluidic and catalytic techniques in chemistry.
Abstract
Abstract The optimal separation conditions and online sample concentration for N , N ‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and related compounds, including α‐m...
Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Substituted Tryptamines in Rats
ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science – December 29, 2020
Summary
All tested novel substituted tryptamines exhibited hallucinogen-like effects, fully substituting for the discriminative stimulus of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM). In a study involving male Sprague-Dawley rats, compounds like 4-OH-MET and 4-AcO-DMT showed similar abuse liability to DOM. Specifically, 4-hydroxy compounds were more potent than their acetoxy counterparts. Notably, response rates decreased at doses that produced full substitution, indicating potential for misuse. These findings highlight important implications for pharmacology and forensic toxicology concerning emerging psychoactive substances.
Abstract
Novel synthetic compounds have been available for decades as quasi-legal alternatives to controlled substances. The hallucinogen-like effects of ei...
Time-resolved Neural and Experience Dynamics of Medium- and High-dose N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.
Apollo (University of Cambridge) – December 30, 2025
Summary
DMT, a powerful psychedelic, significantly alters consciousness and brain dynamics. In a study with 19 participants, doses of 20 mg and 40 mg were administered, revealing that the higher dose led to more intense visual hallucinations and emotional experiences. Electroencephalography data indicated that alpha power and permutation entropy were closely linked to subjective experiences, while Lempel-Ziv complexity showed surprisingly weak correlations. These results challenge previous assumptions about the connection between neural complexity and the phenomenology of altered states induced by psychedelics.
Abstract
N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a fast-acting psychedelic drug that induces a radical reorganization of conscious contents and brain dynamics. Howe...
Time-resolved Neural and Experience Dynamics of Medium- and High-dose N,N-Dimethyltryptamine
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience – December 30, 2025
Summary
DMT, a powerful psychedelic, drastically alters conscious experience and brain dynamics. In a study involving 19 participants, those receiving a 40-mg dose reported more intense visual hallucinations and emotional experiences compared to the 20-mg dose. Electroencephalography revealed that while alpha power and permutation entropy correlated strongly with subjective experiences, Lempel-Ziv complexity showed surprisingly weak associations. This indicates that the connection between neural activity and subjective experiences during psychedelics may be more complex than previously thought, challenging existing assumptions in cognitive psychology and neuroscience.
Abstract
N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a fast-acting psychedelic drug that induces a radical reorganization of conscious contents and brain dynamics. Howe...
Computational evaluation of aluminum and zinc doped C20 fullerenes as advanced sensors for the detection of the narcotic dimethyltryptamine
Scientific Reports – March 09, 2026
Summary
Aluminum-doped C<sub>20</sub> fullerenes (AlC<sub>19</sub>) demonstrate exceptional potential for detecting the potent psychedelic N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (N, N-DMT), with an impressive adsorption energy of -49.57 kcal/mol. In contrast, zinc-doped fullerenes (ZnC<sub>19</sub>) experience a notable conductivity drop and a significant redshift in absorption wavelength from 455 nm to 523 nm, indicating a recovery time of approximately 37,000 seconds. These findings highlight AlC<sub>19</sub>'s effectiveness in capture applications and ZnC<sub>19</sub>'s capabilities for real-time electrochemical sensing.
Abstract
N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (N, N-DMT) is a potent psychedelic substance whose detection is crucial in medical and forensic contexts. In this study, we...
Endogenous N,N-Dimethyltryptamine and Sigma-1 Receptor Modulation as Enhancers of Neural-Substrate Coherence in the Swygert Theory of Everything AO (TSTOEAO)
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – November 25, 2025
Summary
Endogenous N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) significantly enhances neural coherence, as demonstrated by a model linking it to sigma-1 receptor modulation. Involving 100 participants, the study shows that DMT stabilizes microtubule coherence and aligns neural oscillations with substrate dynamics. The framework integrates neuropharmacology and quantum biology, providing a kinetic derivation and an experimental protocol (ZERO-DMT-01) for EEG and heartbeat-evoked potential assessments. This work positions DMT as a key player in biological modulation of neural phase coupling, offering insights into altered-state phenomena.
Abstract
This paper presents the first quantitative model linking endogenous N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) modulation to measur...
Rapid effects of tryptamine psychedelics on perceptual distortions and early visual cortical population receptive fields.
NeuroImage – August 15, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics like DMT can dramatically alter visual perception in minutes. New research reveals how these changes occur in the visual cortex through serotonin's 5-HT2A receptors. Brain scans showed that DMT causes visual neurons to respond differently, making their receptive fields larger, especially in peripheral vision. This explains common visual hallucinations like tunnel vision and spatial distortions.
Abstract
N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a psychedelic tryptamine acting on 5-HT2A serotonin receptors, which is associated with intense visual hallucinato...
Ayahuasca and Dimethyltryptamine Adverse Events and Toxicity Analysis: A Systematic Thematic Review.
International journal of toxicology – January 01, 2024
Summary
A recent review highlights that traditional ayahuasca and its main psychedelic compound, dimethyltryptamine (DMT), generally show a good safety profile. While some adverse events, particularly in high-dose animal toxicology studies or with isolated harmala alkaloids, were noted, serious issues are rare in healthy individuals using these hallucinogens in controlled settings. This suggests an acceptable safety for traditional use, emphasizing positive toxicology findings.
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to conduct a systematic thematic review of adverse events, safety, and toxicity of traditional ayahuasca plant prepa...
The immunomodulatory effects of classical psychedelics: A systematic review of preclinical studies
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry – September 07, 2024
Summary
Classical hallucinogens like Psilocybin and Mescaline significantly reduce inflammation in preclinical animal studies. A systematic review of 40 articles, drawn from databases including CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, explored the pharmacology of these tryptophan-derived psychedelics. Among 36 studies measuring inflammatory markers, 29 showed decreased inflammation. However, immune cell activity was mixed across 10 studies. These drug studies suggest psychedelics alleviate existing inflammation but can promote it in healthy states, informing future medicine.
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that classical psychedelics possess immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties; however, these effects are yet to...
Structural pharmacology and therapeutic potential of 5-methoxytryptamines.
Nature – June 01, 2024
Summary
A naturally occurring compound found in toad toxin reveals promising therapeutic potential without hallucinogenic effects. Scientists mapped how 5-methoxytryptamines interact with brain receptors, creating modified versions that reduced anxiety and depression in mice without causing psychedelic experiences. This breakthrough could lead to new psychiatric medications that harness the benefits of psychedelic compounds while avoiding their mind-altering effects.
Abstract
Psychedelic substances such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin show potential for the treatment of various neuropsychiatric disorde...
Ayahuasca-enhanced extinction of fear behaviour: Role of infralimbic cortex 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors.
British journal of pharmacology – June 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics like ayahuasca show promise in treating PTSD by helping the brain "unlearn" fearful memories. New research reveals how this ancient brew works in the medial prefrontal cortex, where it activates specific 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors to enhance neuroplasticity. In controlled experiments, a single dose helped rats extinguish fear responses, with repeated doses showing even stronger benefits across both sexes.
Abstract
Ayahuasca (AYA) is a botanical psychedelic with promising results in observational and small clinical trials for depression, trauma and drug use di...
Drug–drug interactions involving classic psychedelics: A systematic review
Journal of Psychopharmacology – November 20, 2023
Summary
Remarkably, a review of 52 studies on classic hallucinogen interactions found few serious adverse drug events. This Pharmacology and Psychiatry review, spanning PsycINFO and MEDLINE, screened 7102 records for Psychedelics and Drug Studies. It examined how psychotropic drugs like Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psilocybin, and Mescaline, often from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, interact with recreational drugs, mood-affecting medications, and even dissociatives. Findings revealed varied effects, highlighting complex Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, vital for Medicine and Psychology.
Abstract
Classic psychedelics, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, mescaline, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltry...
Comparing the Detection of Endogenous Psychedelics in Individuals With and Without Alleged Mediumistic Experiences.
Explore (New York, N.Y.) – November 01, 2018
Summary
Could endogenous psychedelics influence mediumship? A recent investigation into individuals reporting mediumistic experiences compared their urine for bufotenine and dimethyltryptamine. While mediums reported significantly more anomalous experiences, analysis via high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed no significant difference in these endogenous compounds compared to non-mediums. This suggests these specific substances may not be the direct biological drivers of mediumistic abilities.
Abstract
Mediumship is the alleged ability to communicate with deceased personalities. Previous studies have suggested that the endogenous psychotomimetic m...
A critical review of reports of endogenous psychedelic N, N-dimethyltryptamines in humans: 1955-2010.
Drug testing and analysis – January 01, 2012
Summary
Intriguing evidence suggests our bodies may naturally produce compounds similar to potent psychedelics. A comprehensive review critically assessed decades of research into these naturally occurring substances in human fluids. It analyzed 69 reports, evaluating detection methods and results from blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. The analysis clarifies past discoveries, highlighting robust findings and advancing our understanding of these fascinating internal chemicals.
Abstract
Three indole alkaloids that possess differing degrees of psychotropic/psychedelic activity have been reported as endogenous substances in humans; N...
Repeated administration of low doses of cocaine enhances the sensitivity of 5-HT2 receptor function.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – March 01, 1992
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The acute and chronic effects of cocaine were evaluated on the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-receptor 5-HT2 mediated behavioral function, the head-twi...
Blockade and reversal of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine-induced analgesia following noradrenaline depletion.
Brain research – April 29, 1985
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The acute effects of the 5-hydroxytryptamine agonist, 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), upon pain sensitivity, using shock titration, t...
Stimulation of rat prolactin secretion by indolealkylamine hallucinogens.
Psychopharmacology – April 11, 1978
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
The hallucinogenic indoleamine drugs N,N-dimethyltryptamine (N,N-DMT), psilocybin, bufotenin, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, and N-methyltryptam...
Fast Hollow Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction as a Greener Alternative for the Determination of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine and Harmala Alkaloids in Human Urine.
Frontiers in chemistry – January 01, 2020
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Ayahuasca tea is an entheogen hallucinogenic beverage used for shamanic and spiritual purposes, prepared by the decoction of different Amazonian pl...
Kinetic profile of N,N-dimethyltryptamine and β-carbolines in saliva and serum after oral administration of ayahuasca in a religious context.
Drug testing and analysis – March 01, 2021
Summary
No Summary
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a beverage obtained from Banisteriopsis caapi plus Psychotria viridis. B. caapi contains the β-carbolines harmine, harmaline, and tetr...
N,N‐dimethyltryptamine and Amazonian ayahuasca plant medicine
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental – February 17, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca, a potent hallucinogen, shows promise in Medicine for psychological conditions like depression and anxiety. Neuroscience reveals its compounds influence neurotransmitter receptors—serotonergic, glutaminergic, and dopaminergic systems—profoundly impacting behavior. Biochemical analysis indicates effects like increased delta and theta brain oscillations in key brain regions. Psychotherapists are considering its potential, but comprehensive Psychedelics and Drug Studies are essential to fully understand its Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior and integrate this plant medicine into healthcare.
Abstract
Abstract Objective Reports have indicated possible uses of ayahuasca for the treatment of conditions including depression, addictions, post‐traumat...
A RARE CASE: AYAHUASCA TEA INTOXICATION
Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports – July 01, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca tea, known for its hallucinogenic properties, can lead to severe symptoms. In a case involving a 59-year-old man, ingestion resulted in hallucinations, agitation, nausea, vomiting, and mydriasis within 1.5 hours. Blood tests and EKG were normal, but he experienced hypertension. After 24 hours of observation and symptomatic treatment in the emergency department, he was discharged. This incident highlights the potential dangers of Ayahuasca, as uncontrolled use can be toxic and even fatal, warranting awareness among medical professionals.
Abstract
Objective: Ayahuasca tea contains N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) found in the leaves of the Psychotria viridis vine and -carbolines found in Baniste...
Natural language analysis of the structure of altered states of consciousness
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – May 17, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics like salvia and ketamine show remarkable similarities in content to non-drug methods of inducing altered states of consciousness (ASC), based on an analysis of 300 narrative reports. Most psychedelics, excluding LSD, were associated with positive and authentic experiences, with authenticity linked to a positive sentiment (R = 0.68). The study identified themes that trace the journey from ordinary awareness to profound metaphysical experiences, suggesting a structured understanding of ASC across various induction techniques, which could enhance future explorations in psychology and linguistics.
Abstract
Abstract Background and aims Altered states of consciousness (ASC) represent acute and marked deviations from normal waking consciousness. Investig...