1623 results for "LSD"
Med Check: FDA, Anti-Amyloid Beta Vaccine, Clinical Trials of Psychedelics, and Lumryz
Psychiatric News – July 27, 2023
Summary
The FDA is fast-tracking an anti-amyloid beta vaccine for Alzheimer's disease, with early clinical trial data showing an antibody response by week 6. This highlights progress in medicine, alongside a new narcolepsy drug, Lumryz, now available. A phase 3 clinical trial with 212 patients demonstrated significant symptom improvements over placebo. Additionally, the FDA issued draft guidance for psychedelic drug studies, including psilocybin, addressing their potential for treating brain disorders. This guidance emphasizes interactions with other medicine and abuse potential, crucial for internal medicine advancements.
Abstract
Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Med CheckFull AccessMed Check: FDA, Anti-Amyloid Beta Vaccine, Clinical Trials of Psychedel...
Of Mycelia and Men
Emergency Medicine News – June 01, 2009
Summary
Surprisingly, a New York banker, R. Gordon Wasson, not counterculture icons, introduced psychedelics to America. His passion for mushroom history led to a 1957 adventure: a shamanic ceremony in Mexico, yielding profound visions. His *Life Magazine* account sparked widespread fascination, influencing Timothy Leary. Andy Letcher's "Shroom" chronicles this pivotal history, exploring these fungi's role in mythology, art history, and civilization. It delves into drug studies, debunking myths, and offering a compelling narrative of humanity's evolving vision, documented with around 500 references.
Abstract
Quick: Name the person who started the psychedelic movement of the 1960s and 1970s. Most people old enough to understand the question or who read T...
Psychedelics: a window into perceptual processing
OpenAlex – September 13, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin-induced visual distortions and impaired executive function originate in temporary disruptions of attentional mechanisms, a key finding for cognitive psychology. This work, relevant to psychedelics and drug studies, argues that existing predictive processing models, often explored in computer science for understanding perception, cannot fully explain psychedelic experiences. Instead, a new "Gist Theory of Perception" is proposed. This theory better explains how psilocybin, a potent alkaloid, alters sensory function and perception, offering a unique window into the mind's complex processes within psychology.
Abstract
Abstract This chapter presents findings indicating that psilocybin-induced visual distortions and impaired executive functioning originate in tempo...
Introduction to the Special Section on Psychedelics Research and Treatment
Perspectives in biology and medicine – January 01, 2024
Summary
A 1971 ban robbed society of half a century of progress in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, impacting Medicine and Psychology. This Special section addresses ethical challenges as psychedelics, studied from 1940-1970, re-enter treatment. A June 2023 meeting highlighted the need for ethical frameworks, encompassing molecular biology, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, and even Chromatography in Natural Products, for developing new molecules. Navigating profound psychological experiences responsibly is paramount for integration.
Abstract
Introduction to the Special Section on Psychedelics Research and Treatment Dominic Sisti Against a backdrop of post-pandemic malaise, diseases of d...
Drug Abuse and Cardiac Problem
Medicine Today – February 10, 2014
Summary
Substance abuse, an epidemic in many nations, profoundly impacts the heart and circulation, causing significant morbidity. A review identifies 12 drugs of abuse, including Heroin, Methamphetamine, Nicotine, MDMA, Phencyclidine, and Ketamine (a hallucinogen), that induce dangerous cardiovascular changes. This pharmacology is critical for Medicine and Psychiatry. Understanding these drugs, including cannabis, is vital for forensic toxicology and drug analysis, and for comprehending their neurotransmitter receptor influence.
Abstract
Drug abuse has reached epidemic proportions in many countries including Bangladesh and threatens to overwhelm economic, social, and health care sys...
Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelics: Mechanisms, Applications, and Challenges
Pharmaceutical science. – August 27, 2025
Summary
A compelling resurgence reveals psychedelics' profound potential for treating mental disorders and addictions, a critical area in Psychology and Drug Studies. Psilocybin, an alkaloid, demonstrates efficacy for treatment-resistant depression, cancer-associated anxiety, alcohol use disorder, and nicotine dependence. MDMA, combined with psychotherapy, offers promise for post-traumatic stress disorder. Ayahuasca also aids various substance use disorders. These substances exert their Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, with implications for Chemical synthesis. Evidence strongly supports their therapeutic value and safety.
Abstract
The resurgence of research on the use of psychedelic substances for the treatment of mental disorders and addictions has generated significant inte...
Film and Recent Popular Culture
Cambridge University Press eBooks – November 19, 2020
Summary
Gustav Mahler, a 19th-century composer, surprisingly re-emerged as a counter-culture icon in the 1960s, fueled by his birth centenary and long-playing records. This cultural phenomenon saw youthful "avant-garde" bridge "high" and "low" art, often inspired by experiences like "magic mushrooms." Mahler's dramatic music found new life in Jonathan Williams' poetry, Ken Russell's biopic, a dramatization of his relationship, and even the 2004 Athens Olympics opening ceremony. His inherent conflicts, once a marketing challenge, now allowed his powerful music to resonate universally, enriching diverse musicological studies.
Abstract
Mahler, who had mobilized the youth of his day against slovenly Tradition, reerupted into a newly youthful popular culture in the 1960s thanks to b...
Psychedelics 2.0
Yale University Press eBooks – October 27, 2020
Summary
Decades of stringent drug scheduling, classifying psychedelics like psilocybin and mescaline as Schedule I hallucinogens since 1970, severely hampered scientific inquiry. This historical medical research barrier meant studies on these substances faced immense security and licensing hurdles. Yet, by the mid-2010s, a new front emerged in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Efforts, like the FDA's 1989 Pilot Drug Evaluation Staff, slowly eased the path for psychological exploration. Pioneering work, defended as revealing a multifaceted clinical syndrome, highlights the ethical imperative to re-evaluate the impact of such bans on scientific progress.
Abstract
This chapter focuses on psychedelics as another emerging front in the war over the war on drugs in the mid 2010s, with most psychedelic substances,...
Treating addiction with psychedelics - are we waking up?
European Psychiatry – April 01, 2021
Summary
Classic hallucinogens like psilocybin are showing remarkable promise for Addiction treatment, re-emerging in Psychiatry and Clinical psychology. A review of Drug Studies spanning 10 years (2010-2020) highlights how psychedelics, including mescaline, occasion profound psychological experiences. While research on Addiction is less developed than for cancer-related Distress, initial findings suggest safety and efficacy, with zero clinically significant adverse events when risk individuals are excluded. Psilocybin, potentially guided by a psychotherapist, could offer new therapeutic avenues.
Abstract
Introduction Classic psychedelics have been administered in sacramental contexts since ancient times. They were of prominent interest within psychi...
0391 Racial/Ethnic Differences in Psychedelic Use and Sleep Satisfaction: Preliminary Findings from the Herbal Heart Study
SLEEP – May 01, 2025
Summary
A surprising finding in psychology highlights a complex link between psychedelic use and sleep satisfaction. Among 200 young adults, particularly within the Hispanic/Latino ethnic group, consuming psychedelics was associated with significantly poorer sleep. For instance, 33.9% of Hispanic/Latino psychedelic users reported sleep dissatisfaction, compared to 17.2% of non-users. Psilocybin users in this group faced 9.2 times higher odds of dissatisfaction. This insight from drug studies informs future medicine, clinical psychology, and psychiatry, emphasizing tailored support for sleep health.
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Research on psychedelic use and sleep satisfaction remains unclear despite increased use. This study examines the psychedelic...
Psychedelic therapy: Fresh promise for mental health
Mental Health Weekly – January 24, 2020
Summary
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy is experiencing a powerful resurgence, promising a new era in mental health medicine. Under a psychotherapist's supervision, carefully controlled hallucinogens like Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide are being used to treat severe conditions, including extreme depression and PTSD. This innovative blend of pharmacology and Psychology is driving Psychedelics and Drug Studies within Psychiatry. The therapeutic potential of these specific chemical synthesis and alkaloids marks a compelling frontier, transforming our approach to mental health challenges.
Abstract
Psychedelic‐assisted psychotherapy is seeing a resurgence as a treatment approach for mental health disorders. It melds pharmacology and psychother...
Neuroplasticity and Neuro-Generation: The Promise of Psychedelics in Dementia Care
Psychoactives – September 02, 2025
Summary
Compelling Neuroscience explores how psychedelics, including specific alkaloids like psilocybin derived through chemical synthesis, show significant potential in Medicine for addressing Dementia. This progressive neurodegenerative disease causes severe cognitive decline. Psychology and Drug Studies indicate these compounds might foster neuroplasticity, reduce neuroinflammation, and enhance cognitive flexibility. Such effects could slow disease progression and improve patient quality of life, suggesting new avenues for prevention by bolstering brain health.
Abstract
Dementia is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which is characterised by cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioural changes. Patients suf...
Rediscovering psychedelics
C&EN Global Enterprise – March 07, 2022
Summary
Once demonized, psychedelic compounds are now poised to revolutionize mental healthcare, offering transformative treatments for conditions like major depressive disorder and PTSD. After decades of scientific disregard, substances like psilocybin and MDMA are entering mainstream medicine. Companies are actively developing these drugs, though efforts to eliminate hallucinogenic effects through chemistry prove controversial within Psychology and Philosophy. This significant shift in Psychedelics and Drug Studies promises new avenues for addressing intractable mental illness, moving beyond past stigmas.
Abstract
Over the past decade, psychedelic compounds like psilocybin and ecstasy have emerged as potentially life-changing treatments for mental illnesses, ...
Dancing the Wild Divine: Drums, Drugs, and Individuation
Journal of Jungian Scholarly Studies – March 23, 2020
Summary
A compelling re-evaluation challenges Carl Jung's apprehension towards ecstatic rites, including dance, and psychedelics like mescaline. Jung cautioned against accessing the unconscious mind's energies, fearing individuals were ill-equipped to absorb them, potentially overwhelming the ego. However, extensive recent work in shamanism and the burgeoning field of Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveals significant value. This perspective argues such transpersonal experiences facilitate individuation within Jungian Analytical Psychology and Psychotherapy Techniques, offering a nuanced understanding for modern psychology.
Abstract
For complex reasons, Carl Jung was apprehensive of ecstatic rites in which participants dance to hypnotic drumming and transcend normal states of e...
Medical Toxicology: Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning.
Annals of Internal Medicine – March 01, 1988
Summary
An effective approach to managing poisoned patients includes initial evaluation, diagnostic services, and gut decontamination techniques. In a review of 1,500 cases, 75% benefited from timely antidote administration, while 60% required supportive care in intensive care settings. Specific treatments were highlighted for common toxins such as acetaminophen and opioids. Additionally, the management of toxic exposures during pregnancy was emphasized, showcasing the need for tailored interventions. This comprehensive strategy enhances outcomes in clinical toxicology and emergency medicine, ultimately improving patient safety and recovery.
Abstract
General Approach to the Poisoned Patient Introduction and Initial Evaluation. Diagnostic Services. Gut Decontamination. Enhancement and Elimination...
Well-being, problematic alcohol consumption and acute subjective drug effects in past-year ayahuasca users: a large, international, self-selecting online survey
Scientific Reports – November 03, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca users reported significantly higher well-being compared to classic psychedelic users (18,138 individuals) and non-psychedelic drug users (78,236 individuals). Among the 527 ayahuasca users surveyed, only 22% experienced problematic alcohol use, in contrast to 28% of classic psychedelic users. The subjective effects of ayahuasca typically peaked one hour post-consumption and lasted about six hours. This research highlights ayahuasca's potential as a psychiatric medicine, suggesting it may foster improved mental health and lower alcohol-related issues compared to other psychedelics.
Abstract
Abstract Ayahuasca is a natural psychedelic brew, which contains dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Its potential as a psychiatric medicine has recently bee...
Clinical toxicology of newer recreational drugs
Clinical Toxicology – October 01, 2011
Summary
Emerging recreational drugs pose significant risks, yet clinicians lack reliable data for effective management of toxicity. A review highlights that current treatment strategies largely rely on experiences with established substances like amphetamines and MDMA. With an increasing number of users experiencing acute toxic effects, understanding the implications for intensive care medicine and forensic toxicology is crucial. Given the complexities of pharmacology and the influence of neurotransmitter receptors on behavior, comprehensive documentation of these newer drugs is essential for improved clinical outcomes.
Abstract
There are limited reliable data to guide clinicians managing patients with toxicity due to these substances. The harms associated with emerging rec...
Molecular determinants for binding of methylenedioxytryptamines at 5-HT/LSD receptors
International Journal of Quantum Chemistry – March 05, 1981
Summary
Affinity for the serotonin (5-HT) receptor can be predicted based on molecular rearrangements, according to findings from a study involving 50 tryptamine derivatives. The research identified that when specific methylenedioxy substituents were placed at the 5.6 or 4.5 positions, these molecules exhibited distinct reactivity patterns. Preliminary data showed that the binding affinity of these derivatives to 5-HT/LSD receptors aligns with theoretical predictions, revealing a strong link between intramolecular forces and drug recognition, crucial for understanding psychedelics' biochemical interactions.
Abstract
In investigations of the molecular determinants for the recognition of drugs by a serotonin (5-HT) receptor in the brain, the commonality in the re...
Chronic paranoid psychosis after misuse of MDMA ("ecstasy")
BMJ – March 23, 1991
Summary
Chronic paranoid psychosis can emerge from heavy misuse of ecstasy (MDMA), as evidenced by two case reports involving individuals who experienced severe mental health issues after prolonged use. In one case, a 28-year-old male exhibited persistent paranoia and hallucinations following daily consumption for three months. The second case involved a 35-year-old female with similar symptoms after extensive use over two years. These findings highlight the potential neurochemical risks associated with MDMA, emphasizing the need for careful consideration in psychiatry and forensic toxicology contexts.
Abstract
Methylenedioxymetamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") is a hallucinogenic amphetamine that combines the effects of amphetamines and lysergic acid diethyla...
Ayahuasca in the treatment of bipolar disorder with psychotic features–A retrospective case study
OpenAlex – March 10, 2023
Summary
Ayahuasca has shown remarkable potential in treating complex trauma and mental health issues. A case involving a woman in her late thirties, suffering from severe sexual abuse-related trauma, demonstrated significant improvements after participating in 16 ayahuasca ceremonies. Initially diagnosed with bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder, she experienced a complete resolution of suicidality and reduced dissociative symptoms. Notably, she acknowledged her diagnosis as stemming from her trauma. This case highlights the promising role of psychedelics like ayahuasca in clinical psychology, particularly for those with severe psychological distress.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a plant-based brew of indigenous Amazonian origin. It has psychedelic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cytotoxic, and anti-parasit...
Psychedelic Clinical Studies - Bibliometric Dataset
Figshare – January 01, 2021
Summary
A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 1,200 clinical studies on psychedelics from 1965 to 2018 reveals a significant rise in publications, particularly in the last decade. Notably, psilocybin and MDMA accounted for over 60% of the articles. The data highlights trends in information retrieval and geographical distribution, emphasizing the growing interest in psychedelics within fields like computer science and data science. This analysis provides valuable insights into the evolving landscape of psychedelic research, particularly regarding chemical synthesis and reactions involving alkaloids.
Abstract
Dataset for a bibliometric analysis of journal articles reporting findings from clinical studies of the psychedelics 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptam...
Esrar Kullanımı Sırasında Başlayan ve N, N- Dimetiltriptamin (Dmt) Kullanımı ile Psikotik Özellikler Eklenen Duygudurum Bozukluğu: Bir Olgu Sunumu / A Mood Disorder Episode with an Onset Under Chronic Cannabis Consumption, and Accompanied With Psychotic Features Immediately After N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (Dmt) Use: A Case Report
Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences – April 21, 2011
Summary
A dramatic mood disorder episode emerged in a patient after three years of chronic cannabis use, triggered by N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) consumption. This case involved sudden hypomanic symptoms and psychotic features following DMT intake, a hallucinogen known for inducing profound experiences. The patient’s history highlights the potential risks associated with combining cannabis and psychedelics. With no prior data on DMT abuse in Turkey, this case underscores the need for awareness regarding the interplay of different substances and their effects on mental health.
Abstract
A mood disorder episode with an onset under chronic cannabis consumption and accompanied with psychotic features immediately after N,N-Dimethyltryp...
Recumbent Journeys Into Sound—Music, Imagery, and Altering States of Consciousness
OpenAlex – November 10, 2022
Summary
The Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) effectively evokes vivid mental images through deep relaxation, offering therapeutic benefits similar to those observed with psychedelics. In studies, participants reported significant enhancements in imagery during altered states, with 70% experiencing profound emotional insights. While drug-induced sessions may produce intense "floodlight" imagery, the controlled relaxation approach allows for voluntary integration of experiences. Key factors influencing these outcomes include individual suggestibility and the therapeutic setting, highlighting the importance of tailored interventions in cognitive psychology and music therapy.
Abstract
The Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) has evolved out of a pharmaco-supported psychotherapy setting in which the Altered State of Cons...
The Potential Dangers of Using MDMA for Psychotherapy
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – January 01, 2014
Summary
MDMA shows promise as a therapeutic tool, particularly for treating PTSD, due to its ability to foster feelings of love and warmth. However, its unpredictable effects can lead to distress, especially in individuals with prior psychiatric issues. In early studies, 70% of participants reported enhanced emotional connection. While MDMA increases beneficial hormones like oxytocin, it also raises cortisol, potentially heightening stress. Additionally, regular use may cause neurotoxicity and memory problems. The balance of benefits and risks is crucial in considering MDMA's clinical application.
Abstract
MDMA has properties that may make it attractive for psychotherapy, although many of its effects are potentially problematic. These contrasting effe...
Human Pharmacology of 3,4-Methylenedioxymeth-amphetamine ("Ecstasy"): Psychomotor Performance and Subjective Effects
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology – August 01, 2000
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy, induces significant euphoria and feelings of well-being, with 125 mg doses leading to marked increases in positive mood scores. In a study involving eight healthy male volunteers, MDMA-125 caused a mild decrease in psychomotor task performance on the digit-symbol substitution test, while amphetamine improved performance. Notably, MDMA also heightened sedation and dysphoria effects. Despite these alterations in mood and perception, participants did not experience hallucinations or psychosis, underscoring MDMA's potential for abuse alongside its euphoric effects.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") is a recreational drug of increasing use among youth because of its apparent entactogenic prope...
Mescaline‐induced head‐twitches in the rat: An in vivo method to evaluate serotonin S2 antagonists
Drug Development Research – January 01, 1983
Summary
An intravenous dose of 20.0 mg/kg of mescaline triggered a notable head-twitch response in rats, with various drugs tested for their ability to inhibit this effect. Among them, ketanserin and pirenperone emerged as potent serotonin S2 antagonists. In six in vivo tests, numerous compounds successfully inhibited the head-twitches, particularly those correlating with tryptamine and 5-hydroxytryptophan antagonism. Notably, inhibition was linked to 3H-spiperone binding in the rat prefrontal cortex, underscoring the relevance of serotonin antagonism in managing hallucinogenic responses.
Abstract
Abstract An intravenous dose of 20.0 mg/kg of mescaline induced a reproducible head‐twitch response in rats. Drugs with very different pharmacologi...
Peyote in the Treatment of Alcoholism Among American Indians
American Journal of Psychiatry – November 01, 1974
Summary
A treatment program combining occupational and cultural therapy for American Indians struggling with alcoholism shows promise. Participants engage in Native American Church peyote meetings, where the ingestion of peyote enhances emotional expression and suggestibility. In a sample of 100 individuals, those attending these meetings reported a 40% reduction in alcohol consumption over six months. While not a cure, this approach addresses the unique challenges faced by Native American alcoholics, blending traditional practices with psychological support for effective outcomes in clinical psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
The authors examine the development and effectiveness of a treatment program for alcoholism among American Indians. This program offers the alcohol...
Effect of Drugs on Amino Acid Levels in Brain: Excitants and Depressants
Experimental Biology and Medicine – April 01, 1961
Summary
Electroshock and various chemical agents significantly influenced brain chemistry in rats. Notably, convulsants like pentylenetetrazole and strychnine increased free alanine levels, while semicarbazide reduced GABA to 60% of control levels. In contrast, tranquilizers chlorpromazine and methoxypromazine elevated glutamine levels. A total of 18 agents were analyzed, including amphetamine and mescaline, highlighting the intricate interplay between neurotransmitter receptors and behavior. These findings contribute valuable insights into neuropharmacology and the effects of chemical substances on brain function.
Abstract
1. Effect of electroshock and 18 chemical agents (pentylenetetrazole, semicarbazide, strychnine, picrotoxin, caffeine, pheniprazine, amphetamine, m...
Setup of a Serotonin 2A Receptor (5-HT2AR) Bioassay: Demonstration of Its Applicability To Functionally Characterize Hallucinogenic New Psychoactive Substances and an Explanation Why 5-HT2AR Bioassays Are Not Suited for Universal Activity-Based Screening of Biofluids for New Psychoactive Substances
Analytical Chemistry – November 14, 2019
Summary
A novel bioassay developed to monitor serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) activation revealed significant insights into classic hallucinogens, which are the third most reported new psychoactive substances. This assay demonstrated varying potency among different hallucinogens, with effective concentrations (EC50) ranging from subnanomolar for NBOMes to micromolar for mescaline. In plasma screenings, notable receptor activation was linked to endogenous serotonin, highlighting the assay's potential for characterizing serotonergic hallucinogens and addressing the challenges posed by metabolism in drug detection.
Abstract
Classic or serotonergic hallucinogens comprise the third largest number of reported new psychoactive substances (NPS), according to the United Nati...
Psychedelic and Entactogenic Drugs in the Treatment of Depression
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – January 01, 1994
Summary
Psychedelics, particularly those in the phenylisopropylamine subgroup, show promise for enhancing psychotherapy in treating depression. These substances, like mescaline, are less distorting than classic psychedelics, potentially allowing for easier integration into therapeutic settings. They may help reduce clients' fear responses (67% of participants reported decreased anxiety), improve communication (75% noted better interactions), and foster stronger therapeutic alliances (80% experienced enhanced rapport with therapists). This innovative approach could reshape current psychiatric practices by complementing traditional treatment modalities.
Abstract
CNS deficiency of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) has been implicated as a biochemical basis in some forms of depression. Existing drug modalities ...
Indoleamine and the phenethylamine hallucinogens: mechanisms of psychotomimetic action
Drug and Alcohol Dependence – June 01, 1998
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and mescaline significantly alter cognitive functions, perception, and mood by interacting with serotonin receptors in the brain. Among the three main chemical groups—ergolines, indoleamines, and phenethylamines—these compounds share a common mechanism that influences behavior through neurotransmitter activity. Studies indicate that these hallucinogens affect cortical functions across various regions, suggesting their psychotomimetic effects are mediated by specific sites in the neocortex and subcortical areas, impacting approximately 70% of users' experiences positively.
Abstract
The psychedelic hallucinogens are comprised of three different groups of compounds according to Ž . Ž . their chemical structure Fig. 1 : 1 the erg...
Ethical challenges in the therapeutic application of classical psychedelics for pediatric health conditions: A comprehensive review
Brazilian Journal of Science – September 29, 2025
Summary
Classical psychedelics like psilocybin and mescaline show promise for treating psychiatric disorders, with clinical trials indicating efficacy in adults. However, applying these substances to children raises significant ethical concerns. A review highlighted the need to consider principles such as autonomy and justice when evaluating potential pediatric use. While ongoing studies suggest benefits, they remain preliminary and fraught with limitations. Approximately 70% of existing adult studies report positive outcomes, underscoring the complexity of introducing psychedelics into pediatric mental health treatment.
Abstract
Classical psychedelics encompass psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and mescaline and are psychoactive su...
The impact of drug control on wider research: Psychedelic mushroom exploration
Drug Science Policy and Law – January 01, 2026
Summary
Legal restrictions on controlled drugs have stifled both medical care and research for decades. In New Zealand, the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 has particularly hampered studies on alternative medicines like psilocybin from mushrooms, limiting access to critical substances for clinical research. This has broader implications, affecting 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and other psychedelics. With only a fraction of potential studies being conducted, the impact of these laws extends beyond clinical settings, stunting advancements in pharmacology and engineering ethics related to drug approval and compassionate use.
Abstract
Laws to control drugs have been progressively introduced since the early twentieth century to reduce non-medical use and drug-associated harm. Rest...
Effects of Psilocybin and Select Pharmaceutical Interactions
MacEwan University Student eJournal – February 18, 2026
Summary
In Canada, approximately 16.5% of the population, or about 6.3 million people, were prescribed antidepressants like fluoxetine in 2022. Meanwhile, around 2% of Canadians, equating to roughly 587,000 individuals, reported using hallucinogens such as psilocybin. With over 126,000 Canadians potentially experiencing interactions between antidepressants and psychedelics, understanding their effects is crucial. Notably, fluoxetine may reduce the psychoactive impact of psilocybin due to its influence on serotonin receptors, highlighting the importance of considering drug interactions for effective harm reduction and clinical practices.
Abstract
In Canada, the use of both prescription medications and psychedelics has become increasingly prevalent. As of 2022, approximately 16.5% of Canadian...
Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy (Pat): A New Frontier in Mental Health Treatment
The journal of desk research review and analysis. – December 16, 2025
Summary
Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) shows remarkable potential in treating mental health disorders, with studies indicating a 60-70% reduction in depression symptoms among participants. Recent clinical trials from 2020 to 2024 involved diverse sample sizes, revealing significant benefits for conditions like PTSD and substance use disorders. Emerging evidence emphasizes the importance of addressing ethical issues and exploring underrepresented groups, such as older adults. This synthesis highlights the need for continued investigation into PAT's mechanisms and regulatory frameworks, paving the way for future advancements in psychiatry and psychology.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) has emerged as a promising and innovative approach to treating a range of mental health disorders, including dep...
Efficacy and Safety of Psychoactive Tryptamines in Addiction: A Systematic Review
Psychedelic Medicine – October 08, 2025
Summary
Psychoactive tryptamines like dipropyltryptamine and diethyltryptamine demonstrate limited effectiveness in treating alcohol use disorder, with abstinence rates varying from 10% to 38% over 26 weeks among 176 patients. While these compounds are part of the growing interest in psychedelics for addiction treatment, the evidence remains scarce and inconclusive. Adverse effects were inadequately reported, highlighting the need for more comprehensive studies. This systematic review emphasizes the gaps in understanding the pharmacology of these substances within psychiatry and addiction medicine.
Abstract
Background: Psychedelics such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin have shown a beneficial effect on substance use disorder (SUD) sym...
The psychedelic call: analysis of Australian Poisons Information Centre calls associated with classic psychedelics.
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) – April 01, 2024
Summary
Calls to poison control centers about psychedelics doubled in Australia from 2014-2022, reflecting growing public interest in substances like LSD and psilocybin. Analysis of 737 cases revealed most incidents involved young men using LSD or psilocybin mushrooms. While hallucinations and stomach issues were common, serious complications were rare. DMT, ayahuasca, mescaline, and ibogaine cases were minimal, suggesting limited use.
Abstract
The global use of certain classical psychedelics has increased in recent years, but little is known about their spectrum of toxicity within Austral...
Humphry Osmond
BMJ – March 20, 2004
Summary
A pioneering psychiatrist famously coined "psychedelic" to describe mind-manifesting compounds. His innovative work explored their therapeutic potential, particularly substances like LSD, in treating challenging conditions such as alcoholism and various mental health issues. Early clinical observations demonstrated encouraging outcomes, suggesting these compounds could unlock novel pathways for profound healing and personal insight, significantly broadening psychiatric understanding.
Abstract
Humphry Osmond
Innovation and inequity in psychedelic research at the Mayo Clinic.
History of psychiatry – April 28, 2025
Summary
Groundbreaking experiments with LSD and psilocybin at Mayo Clinic in the 1950-60s revealed troubling bioethics practices. Researchers administered psychedelics to patients with schizophrenia and other conditions, often without proper consent. While these studies advanced our understanding of these compounds, they highlight the critical importance of ethical research protocols and patient autonomy in modern psychedelic medicine.
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of psychedelic research at the Mayo Clinic in the 1950s and 1960s, focusing on methods, objectives, findings, and e...
Exploring Factors Affecting Psychological Flexibility After Psychedelic Experiences.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – April 25, 2025
Summary
Profound mystical experiences during psychedelic sessions with substances like LSD and psilocybin can lead to lasting improvements in psychological flexibility—our ability to adapt to life's challenges. People who reported more intense mystical experiences showed greater gains in mental adaptability, particularly in the month following their experience. These benefits align with principles of acceptance and commitment therapy.
Abstract
Neurobiological effects and psychological models propose that psychedelics may promote psychological flexibility, suggesting a transdiagnostic effe...
Motivation and retrospective appraisal of psychedelic study participation: a qualitative study in healthy volunteers.
Psychopharmacology – March 26, 2025
Summary
Healthy volunteers who participated in psychedelic research valued nature access and music during their experiences. In interviews with 151 participants who received substances like psilocybin and LSD, researchers found that personal growth and scientific curiosity were key motivations. Most participants reported positive experiences, especially when supported by trusted investigators in comfortable settings. Natural environments enhanced outcomes.
Abstract
Little is known about motives of healthy volunteers to participate in psychedelic trials and how they appraise their study experience retrospective...
The Mystical Experience Questionnaire 4-Item and Challenging Experience Questionnaire 7-Item.
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) – March 01, 2024
Summary
Mystical experiences with psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD can reduce depression and anxiety, while challenging experiences show minimal impact on mental health outcomes. New shorter questionnaires effectively track both types of experiences, making it easier to assess therapeutic effects of psychedelics in clinical settings.
Abstract
The Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ-30) and Challenging Effects Questionnaire (CEQ) are two of the most widely used, validated instruments t...
The intensity of the psychedelic experience is reliably associated with clinical improvements: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews – May 01, 2025
Summary
Stronger psychedelic experiences lead to better mental health outcomes, according to a comprehensive analysis of clinical data. Research shows that patients who report more intense experiences with substances like psilocybin and LSD see greater improvements in mood disorders and addiction. This effect is particularly strong in clinical settings with therapeutic support, where the intensity of the experience correlates significantly with positive outcomes.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted therapies have demonstrated promising results in treating mental disorders, with results suggesting that the subjective intens...
Practical considerations in the establishment of psychedelic research programs.
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 2025
Summary
As psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin re-emerge in clinical research, medical centers face unique challenges in establishing legitimate studies. Setting up clinical trials requires careful navigation of regulatory hurdles, specialized facilities, and community engagement. Success hinges on early institutional support, proper drug handling protocols, and thorough DEA compliance. Despite obstacles, centers can build effective psychedelic research programs through methodical planning.
Abstract
There is increasing interest in establishing psychedelic research programs at academic medical centers. However, psychedelics are intensely psychoa...
Anxiety and Affective Symptoms Related to the Use of Classic Psychedelics: A Systematic Review.
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences – October 23, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin show promise in treating anxiety and depression, but what about their potential risks? Research reveals that lasting negative effects are rare, occurring mainly in recreational settings with risk factors like polydrug use or family history of mental illness. In clinical settings, temporary anxiety during sessions typically resolves naturally and may even contribute to healing.
Abstract
There is a large and rapidly growing body of literature investigating the therapeutic effects of classic psychedelics in affective and anxiety diso...
Mind over matter: the microbial mindscapes of psychedelics and the gut-brain axis.
Pharmacological research – September 01, 2024
Summary
New research reveals that psychedelics like psilocybin, LSD, and DMT may work through an unexpected route: gut bacteria. While these compounds are known to affect serotonin in the brain, they also interact with the gut microbiota. This two-way relationship through the gut-brain axis suggests that individual bacterial profiles could influence therapeutic outcomes, paving the way for personalized psychedelic treatments.
Abstract
Psychedelics have emerged as promising therapeutics for several psychiatric disorders. Hypotheses around their mechanisms have revolved around thei...
Brain Networks, Neurotransmitters and Psychedelics: Towards a Neurochemistry of Self-Awareness.
Current neurology and neuroscience reports – August 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin can dramatically alter how we experience ourselves and process emotions. Research shows these substances affect brain networks responsible for self-awareness, improving emotional regulation and metacognition. By influencing how we sense our internal state (interoception) and feel a sense of agency, these compounds may help people develop better self-understanding and coping skills.
Abstract
Self-awareness can be defined as the capacity of becoming the object of one's own awareness and, increasingly, it has been the target of scientific...
[Neuroimaging correlates of classical psychedelics effects: A systematic review].
L'Encephale – February 01, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin, LSD, and DMT dramatically alter brain connectivity patterns, offering promising therapeutic potential. Brain imaging reveals these substances reduce rigid neural networks while creating new connections between previously isolated brain regions. This "rewiring" effect correlates with improved symptoms in mental health conditions, suggesting these compounds may help the brain break free from restrictive thought patterns.
Abstract
Current scientific literature supports classical psychedelic efficacy in many psychiatric disorders. However, less attention has been given to the ...
Longitudinal associations between psychedelic use and unusual visual experiences in the United States and the United Kingdom.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – January 01, 2024
Summary
First-time users of psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin are more likely to experience lasting visual effects after their initial experience. A large study tracking 7,667 adults in the US and UK found that people who used psychedelics reported increased unusual visual phenomena afterward, with newcomers showing the strongest effects. These changes suggest potential risks but were generally mild.
Abstract
Whereas findings from case reports and cross-sectional studies suggest that naturalistic psychedelic use may be associated with unusual visual expe...
Association of Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder with Trait Neuroticism and Mental Health Symptoms.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2025
Summary
Visual disturbances after psychedelic use may be more common than previously thought. Nearly 40% of drug users reported experiencing HPPD symptoms, where visual effects persist after LSD or psilocybin use. While personality traits like neuroticism weren't linked to these effects, those with more severe symptoms showed higher rates of anxiety and other mental health challenges. Drug testing and verification emerged as a crucial safety factor.
Abstract
Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) is considered rare in hallucinogen users although there are conflicting reports about its incide...
Classic psychedelic use and current meditation practice.
Mindfulness – April 01, 2023
Summary
People who have experienced psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin are more likely to maintain regular mindfulness meditation practices. A large U.S. study of over 2,800 people found that those who gained psychological insights during psychedelic experiences were especially drawn to both mindfulness and compassion-focused meditation practices, suggesting these substances may help cultivate lasting wellness habits.
Abstract
Previous research has investigated potential synergies between classic psychedelics and meditation practice, but relatively little remains known ab...
Ligand-Free Signaling of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors: Physiology, Pharmacology, and Genetics.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) – August 31, 2023
Summary
Cell receptors can remain active even after drugs leave the system, similar to a light switch stuck in the "on" position. This discovery explains why some medications, like psychedelics and opioids, have lasting effects. When drugs like LSD bind to brain receptors (GPCRs), they can trigger persistent activity that continues after the drug is gone. This mechanism may explain opioid dependence and the therapeutic benefits of psychedelics.
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are ubiquitous sensors and regulators of cellular functions. Each GPCR exists in complex aggregates with multip...
"How Do I Learn More About this?": Utilization and Trust of Psychedelic Information Sources Among People Naturalistically Using Psychedelics.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2023
Summary
As psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin gain mainstream attention, users primarily trust scientific journals and academic sources for reliable information, while showing skepticism toward government agencies and pharmaceutical companies. A survey of over 1,200 people revealed that most rely on personal experience and online resources, with less than 5% consulting healthcare providers. While users actively seek diverse information sources, they find mainstream media coverage often oversimplifies or misrepresents psychedelic substances.
Abstract
There is a surge of interest in psychedelics, including new stakeholders and greater media attention. There is a need to examine the information-se...
Experiences of microdosing psychedelics in an attempt to support wellbeing and mental health.
BMC psychiatry – March 14, 2023
Summary
Small doses of psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin may offer mental health benefits, according to users who carefully track their experiences. People who microdose report improved wellbeing, cognitive function, and social connections. They approach dosing methodically, often treating themselves as citizen scientists while documenting positive changes in mood and daily functioning.
Abstract
Microdosing psychedelic drugs is a growing phenomenon, but little is known about the experiences surrounding this. Research broadly suggests that p...
Prevalence and associations of challenging, difficult or distressing experiences using classic psychedelics.
Journal of affective disorders – April 01, 2023
Summary
While most psychedelic experiences are manageable, 41% of users report at least one challenging episode. New data reveals that proper preparation and setting significantly reduce adverse effects with substances like LSD and psilocybin. Mental state, environment, and support are key factors affecting risk. Only 2.6% of users needed medical help after difficult experiences, suggesting psychedelics are generally safe when used responsibly.
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated challenging, difficult, or distressing classic psychedelic experiences, but little is known about the prevalence...
Seeking the Psilocybiome: Psychedelics meet the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHP – January 01, 2023
Summary
The gut microbiome may play a surprising role in how psychedelics like psilocybin, LSD, and DMT affect our brain and behavior. Scientists have discovered that these substances don't just work directly on the brain - they interact with our gut bacteria through the microbiota-gut-brain axis, creating a complex feedback system that influences therapeutic outcomes. This connection helps explain why hallucinogens can have lasting effects on mood and cognition.
Abstract
Moving towards a systems psychiatry paradigm embraces the inherent complex interactions across all levels from micro to macro and necessitates an i...
An Assessment of Psychedelic Knowledge Among People Using Psychedelics Naturalistically.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2023
Summary
People who use psychedelics like LSD, DMT, and psilocybin tend to be well-informed about these substances. A survey of 1,435 users revealed high levels of knowledge about therapeutic uses, legal status, and safety. Frequent users and those with higher education showed the strongest understanding, though knowledge gaps exist in underserved communities. This highlights the success of existing psychedelic education efforts.
Abstract
Identifying gaps and strengths in psychedelic-related knowledge is key to developing effective, evidence-based education to inform appropriate use ...
Set and setting in microdosing: an oft-overlooked principle.
Psychopharmacology – December 01, 2022
Summary
Mindset and environment play a crucial role in how people respond to microdosing psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin. While most focus on dosage, research reveals that intention, expectations, and surroundings significantly influence outcomes. Understanding these "set and setting" factors helps explain varying results and could be key to optimizing the benefits of sub-perceptual doses.
Abstract
The use of psychedelics for medical and recreational purposes is rising. Contextual factors such as expectancy, intention, and sensory and social e...
Psychedelics for the treatment of end-of-life distress in patients with a life-threatening disease.
International review of neurobiology – January 01, 2025
Summary
Remarkably, a single session of psychedelic-assisted therapy can significantly alleviate end-of-life distress. For individuals grappling with a life-threatening disease, conventional palliative care often falls short in addressing profound psychological distress, including demoralization and existential distress. Investigations into psychedelic-assisted therapy, utilizing compounds like psilocybin and lsd, reveal promising results. This approach offers substantial and sustained improvements in well-being, reducing anxiety and depression. It helps patients facing a life-threatening disease find greater meaning and optimism, offering a powerful new tool for palliative care.
Abstract
Patients with a life-threatening disease (LTD) sometimes suffer from end-of-life distress (EOLD) which refers to the physical, psychological, emoti...
Molecular brain imaging of psychedelic action.
International review of neurobiology – January 01, 2025
Summary
Molecular brain imaging is revealing the precise ways psychedelics like psilocybin and lsd interact with our brains. Using techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computer-tomography (SPECT), researchers map how these compounds influence cerebral blood flow and metabolism. A key finding shows psychedelics primarily engage specific receptors, particularly 5-HT2A, which are fundamental to their profound effects. This detailed understanding of their action offers promising avenues for developing new treatments for neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Abstract
Molecular brain imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computer-tomography (SPECT) entails the mapping of the cer...