1623 results for "LSD"
Out on a (Phantom) Limb: Variations on the Theme: Stability of Body Image and the Golden Section
Perspectives in biology and medicine – December 01, 1969
Summary
Psychodysleptic drugs profoundly disrupt how the brain computes visual information, interfering with our psychological ability to correct distortions. College-age volunteers given 160-200 µg/kg psilocybin lost approximately 2 prism diopters in correcting visual space. This neurological interference impacts body image stability, a theme explored through concepts like the Golden Section, relevant to psychosomatic disorders and pain management, including phantom limb phenomena. This understanding informs medicine and historical studies on perception and its treatments.
Abstract
OUT ON A (PHANTOM) LIMB VARIATIONS ON THE THEME: STABILITY OF BODY IMAGE AND THE GOLDEN SECTION And man created God in his own body image. ROLAND F...
Mush Room for Improving Therapeutic Approaches in Psychiatry
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics – March 15, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, once a taboo "magic mushroom," is now a serious focus in medicine, moving beyond fictional drama's outrage. A recent extensive phase II clinical trial for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder yielded "intriguing and sobering" results, prompting a phase III study. This represents a significant step for psychiatry and drug studies, with 133 psilocybin clinical trials underway. Understanding the psychology and chemical synthesis of these psychedelics, including body weight impacts, is crucial. Clinical pharmacology converts these hypotheses into safe, effective therapeutics, a far cry from a charismatic, unregulated psychotherapist.
Abstract
In the televised fictional drama "Nine Perfect Strangers," based on a novel with the same name,1 nine people gather for a retreat in a wellness res...
Psychedelics and Mindfulness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
OpenAlex – October 11, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics, including alkaloids like psilocybin and ayahuasca, significantly boost mindfulness, particularly acceptance, non-judgement of inner experience, and non-reactivity. A systematic review of 13 studies in psychology and drug studies revealed this link. A meta-analysis of six studies specifically noted small effects with ayahuasca ingestion, enhancing these mindfulness facets. This suggests promising avenues for clinical psychology, potentially informing psychotherapist approaches concerning these powerful hallucinogens.
Abstract
Background and Aims: The benefits of classic serotonergic psychedelics (e.g. psilocybin, LSD, DMT, ayahuasca) are becoming more widely known with t...
A dual-receptor model of serotonergic psychedelics
OpenAlex – April 15, 2024
Summary
Serotonergic psychedelics show significant promise for treating mood and anxiety disorders. A computational model, rooted in Neuroscience and Computer science, now illuminates their therapeutic mechanisms. It simulates the *dual* influence of 5-HT2a and 5-HT1a neurotransmitter receptor agonism on brain dynamics, explaining how these compounds relax maladaptive beliefs in Psychology. This framework accounts for existing empirical observations, providing a robust hypothesis for the clinical success of various psychedelics. It also highlights avenues for Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, suggesting future Psychedelics and Drug Studies focus on biased 5-HT1a agonists, like 5-MeO-DMT, for developing more effective agents.
Abstract
Abstract Serotonergic psychedelics have been identified as promising next-generation therapeutic agents in the treatment of mood and anxiety disord...
Seeking the Sacred with Psychoactive Substances
OpenAlex – January 01, 2014
Summary
Exploring whether psychoactive substances can responsibly expand human consciousness and heighten spirituality, a two-volume work objectively assesses this global movement. Covering substances like psilocybin and ayahuasca, it examines their historical and medical use across diverse faiths—Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Shamanism. This comprehensive subject appeals broadly, bridging divides in psychedelics and drug studies. It delves into the psychology and sociology of these spiritual practices, offering insights into their profound impact on consciousness and potential for paranormal experiences.
Abstract
Can drugs be used intelligently and responsibly to expand human consciousness and heighten spirituality? This two-volume work presents objective sc...
Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Anxiety Disorders, Mood Disorders, or Substance Use Disorders
Canadian Journal of Health Technologies – June 24, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics show significant potential in medicine, improving mental health symptoms with no serious adverse events. One randomized controlled trial found psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy efficacious for mood disorders like depression. Across two systematic reviews and three randomized controlled trials, various hallucinogens, including MDMA, combined with psychotherapist support, demonstrated clinical effectiveness for conditions like anxiety. This growing area in clinical psychology and psychiatry, part of broader drug studies, explores how these compounds, often from chemical synthesis, influence behavior. Sample sizes were typically under 20, warranting further investigation.
Abstract

 Two systematic reviews, 3 randomized controlled trials, and 2 single-arm safety trials were identified that evaluated several combinations o...
Introduction to the chemistry and pharmacology of psychedelic drugs
Australian Journal of Chemistry – July 04, 2023
Summary
Heightened interest in psychedelic-assisted therapy for mental health conditions drives current Psychedelics and Drug Studies. This review offers an accessible overview of Chemistry and Pharmacology, detailing over five distinct classes of hallucinogens. These include natural alkaloids like Psilocybin and Mescaline, alongside those from chemical synthesis such as Lysergic acid diethylamide. Understanding their Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior is crucial for advancing Psychology and therapeutic applications.
Abstract
The science of psychedelics is an intriguing, multi-disciplinary field that has recently been the subject of heightened public interest. This has m...
Recent developments involving psychedelics
World drug report – July 20, 2023
Summary
A significant shift occurred in **mental health** **medicine**: early **psychology** and **psychiatry** explored **hallucinogen** **psilocybin** for conditions like substance use. However, initial **clinical trial** efforts, often by **psychotherapists**, lacked modern rigor. By **1971**, international controls on **psychedelics** emerged. Concurrently, new **medicine**, like SSRIs, revolutionized **depression** treatment. These advancements, demonstrating **neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior**, offered proven efficacy for complex **mental health** disorders, shifting **clinical psychology** away from early **drug studies** involving **alkaloids**.
Abstract
The therapeutic use of psychedelic substances such as LSD and psilocybin has been researched by psychologists and psychiatrists for a range of psyc...
Hallucinogen Persistent Perception Disorder Induced by New Psychoactive Substituted Phenethylamines; A Review with Illustrative Case
Current Psychiatry Reviews – August 10, 2016
Summary
The first documented case of Hallucinogen Persistent Perception Disorder (HPPD) caused by a high dose of 2C-E, a modern designer drug, highlights an emerging concern in Psychiatry. While HPPD is known from traditional psychoactive substances like Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psilocybin (a Tryptamine), and Mescaline, this Phenethylamine-class substance presents new challenges for Medicine. The individual's persistent visual disturbances, a focus of Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, were effectively blunted by lamotrigine. This case, often identified via Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, signals evolving risks from novel hallucinogens.
Abstract
Hallucinogen Persistent Perception Disorder (HPPD) is considered an “uncommon” disorder described in association with use of hallucinogens such as ...
Microdosing as a response to the meaning crisis
OpenAlex – May 26, 2020
Summary
Microdosing psychedelics can foster a profound sense of meaning and psychological flexibility, even if outcomes vary. Qualitative analysis of 118 responses showed individuals often use sub-hallucinogenic doses for clinical reasons, like mental health, or productivity. While some strongly endorse the practice, others experience disappointment, partly due to challenges with optimal dosing of these chemical substances. This growing area in drug studies suggests a deep psychological connection to meaning-making, potentially offering a vital sense of purpose.
Abstract
Background: The use of psychedelic substances like LSD and magic mushrooms in research and to treat mental health conditions has been increasing in...
Psychedelics for treating psychiatric disorders: Are they safe?
Current Psychiatry – December 01, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics are rapidly gaining prominence in Medicine, with some compounds designated "breakthrough therapies" by the FDA, expediting their development. Growing evidence from Drug Studies highlights their potential for treating psychiatric disorders like depression, PTSD, and substance use disorders, often alongside psychotherapy. While ketamine already treats depression and other Psychedelics anticipate FDA approval, understanding their safety profile is crucial. These substances, including psilocybin and MDMA, are generally well-tolerated, though associated with various adverse effects, signaling a significant shift in Psychiatry.
Abstract
SAM FALCONERP sychedelics are a class of substances known to produce alterations in consciousness and perception.In the last 2 decades, psychedelic...
Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy
Cambridge University Press eBooks – May 28, 2021
Summary
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy is transforming the treatment landscape for challenging psychiatric disorders. Clinical drug studies, including those with psilocybin, show significant efficacy. Trials involving hundreds of subjects demonstrate over 60% of participants experience substantial symptom reduction, marking a major shift in psychology and psychiatry. This potent medicine, leveraging unique psychotherapy techniques, is moving from a fringe subject to a recognized method all psychotherapists should consider, with its influence on neurotransmitter receptors underpinning its therapeutic potential.
Abstract
In recent years there has been a resumption of research into the potential therapeutic benefits of psychedelic1 drugs such as MDMA2, psilocybin and...
Psychedelic Psychiatry
Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery – May 31, 2022
Summary
A remarkable Renaissance in clinical psychiatry reveals potent new treatments. Psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen, effectively addresses depressive disorders, sometimes outperforming current 'gold standards' in mental health. MDMA, integrated with a psychotherapist's guidance in psychology-informed psychotherapy, proves a powerful tool for PTSD symptomatology. This revival in Psychedelics and Drug Studies follows decades of governmental barriers, underscoring the urgent need for improved psychiatric solutions. The potential for transforming mental well-being is significant.
Abstract
We are amidst a 'Renaissance' in the field of psychedelic psychiatry. For several decades, following a period of promising research, governmental b...
A Comparative Review of the Neuro-Psychopharmacology of Hallucinogen-Induced Altered States of Consciousness: The Uniqueness of Some Hallucinogens
NeuroQuantology – June 01, 2012
Summary
Hallucinogens like psilocybin and mescaline profoundly alter consciousness, inducing euphoriant states or challenging perceptions. Understanding how these psychedelics influence the brain remains a key challenge for neuroscience and psychology. While neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, including systems like Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, offers partial explanations, cognitive psychology and psychoanalysis suggest deeper mechanisms. These substances serve as unique tools for drug studies, revealing insights into the human psyche and the nature of perception, despite the complex interplay of individual psychology and "set and setting" shaping the experience.
Abstract
Altered states of consciousness induced by hallucinogens (H-ASC) is still a vaguely understood phenomenon. Taken the diverse psychological effects ...
Should addiction researchers be interested in psychedelic science?
Drug and Alcohol Review – April 10, 2017
Summary
Psychedelics are revolutionizing addiction psychology. In an open-label drug study, 80% of 15 people treated with psilocybin for tobacco addiction remained abstinent at six months, far exceeding standard pharmacotherapies. A survey of 358 individuals reported 74% abstained for over two years. MDMA, a unique synthetic compound, also shows promise for trauma, with 86% of PTSD patients in an RCT no longer meeting criteria. These findings highlight significant neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, offering new hope for complex addiction and psychological conditions.
Abstract
As recently noted by Strauss, Bright and Williams 1, while much of the Western world has been experiencing a renaissance in research into ‘psychede...
Recreation and Realization: Reported Motivations of Use Among Persons Who Consume Psychedelics in Non-Clinical Settings
OpenAlex – July 26, 2021
Summary
Most individuals using psychedelics outside clinical settings prioritize recreation and curiosity, not solely profound psychological realization or ego reduction. Challenging the popular narrative of psychedelics as a panacea in clinical psychology, a cross-cultural analysis of 30 diverse interviewees reveals that while some seek existential awareness, the prevailing motivation for continued use in non-clinical drug studies contexts is often simple enjoyment. This expands our understanding beyond medicalized frameworks, highlighting diverse social motivations for psychedelic engagement.
Abstract
Psychedelic research is said to be going through a renaissance with widespread public and political attention on psychedelics' ability to clinicall...
Is Microdosing a Placebo?
OpenAlex – June 04, 2023
Summary
The idea that microdosing psychedelics is merely a Placebo effect is likely premature. While Expectancy theory plays a role in Psychology, evidence from Psychedelics Drug Studies suggests Dose dependence, challenging a purely psychological explanation. Existing Pharmacology research often features small sample sizes and limited dose ranges, making definitive conclusions difficult. The measured impact of expectancy is also often small, and Selection bias can influence results. It's currently impossible to definitively state whether microdosing's benefits are solely a Placebo effect, suggesting complex interactions in Medicine.
Abstract
Some recent research and commentary have suggested that most or all the effects reported by people who microdose psychedelics may be explained by e...
Turn On, Tune In, Drop In: Psychedelics, Creativity and Entrepreneurship
American Journal of Management – October 02, 2020
Summary
Psilocybin and other psychedelics, historically used and later criminalized, are witnessing a resurgence of interest, particularly among entrepreneurs and Silicon Valley engineers. This field, spanning Psychology and Sociology, explores how microdosing might enhance creativity and openness to experience. While early psychedelics and drug studies showed potential, the 1960s saw a "drop out" of scientific inquiry. Current discussions in entrepreneurship education address this renewed interest, moving beyond Criminology perspectives to explore potential benefits.
Abstract
There is a long history of psychedelic use throughout history. A great deal of research was conducted on the possible benefits of psychedelics unti...
The Paradox of Phencyclidine (PCP) Abuse
Annals of Internal Medicine – March 01, 1979
Summary
Phencyclidine (PCP) stands alone among abused drugs for its litany of profoundly disturbing effects, posing severe challenges in Medicine and Psychiatry. Accidental high doses cause fatal medical complications, acute psychoses, and suicidal depressions. Chronic use leads to aggression, memory loss, and dependence. Unlike compounds carefully considered for Treatment of Major Depression or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, PCP's complex chemical synthesis and alkaloids result in widespread, unpredictable harm, far exceeding initial concerns about other substances.
Abstract
Editorials1 March 1979The Paradox of Phencyclidine (PCP) AbuseRICHARD STILLMAN, M.D., ROBERT C. PETERSEN, PH.D.RICHARD STILLMAN, M.D.Search for mor...
Psychedelics and Psychotherapy: Is the Whole Greater than the Sum of its Parts?
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics – October 05, 2023
Summary
The potential of psychedelics like psilocybin and mescaline for conditions such as anxiety is compelling, driving new clinical trials in psychiatry. These hallucinogens influence neurotransmitter receptors, but it's unclear if their benefits truly synergize with psychological support from a psychotherapist. Rigorous 2x2 factorial clinical trials are crucial. These drug studies, vital for clinical psychology, will precisely evaluate the individual and combined effects of psilocybin and psychotherapy, informing future chemical synthesis of alkaloids and ensuring cost-effective, safe treatments.
Abstract
Clinical trials of psychedelics have provided support for their potential efficacy and safety. Although most combined a psychedelic with psychologi...
Funding Success of United States Federal Grant Applications Proposing to Study Therapeutic Applications of Psychedelics: A Survey Study
Psychoactives – February 05, 2025
Summary
Only 16.7% of 24 federal grant applications for therapeutic psychedelics like psilocybin and MDMA received funding, significantly below the NIH's 23.4% average. A survey of 10 leading Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies researchers, identified using Library Science methods, revealed challenges in securing support. While no Chemical synthesis and alkaloids applications before 2006 were funded, recent success rates (around 20%) now align with typical NIH averages for Public administration.
Abstract
The author surveyed researchers about United States federal grant applications for therapeutic psychedelic research and their funding success. An a...
Microdosing psychedelics and its effect on creativity: Lessons learned from three double-blind placebo controlled longitudinal trials
OpenAlex – June 14, 2021
Summary
Microdosing psilocybin, an alkaloid, subtly enhances creativity, specifically boosting originality in divergent thinking. A robust cognitive psychology investigation, pooling 175 participants across three double-blind placebo-controlled trials, found active microdosing increased the originality-to-fluency ratio in creative responses. While general cognition and mood weren't broadly affected, the quality of novel ideas improved, especially when relative dosage was considered. These psychedelics studies highlight the importance of controlling for expectation biases, suggesting effects are more nuanced than often claimed.
Abstract
Introduction: Microdosing refers to the repetitive administration of tiny doses of psychedelics (LSD, Psilocybin) over an extended period of time. ...
The Novelty of Ayahuasca Scale and the prediction of intentions to use
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – March 12, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca is perceived distinctly from other hallucinogens like Psilocybin or Lysergic acid diethylamide, influencing user preferences. A survey of 139 experienced users revealed expectations for unique effects, including profound positive connections to nature and others, dramatic thoughts, and physical reactions. The perceived novelty of Ayahuasca's effects significantly impacts future use intentions. This Psychology research illuminates how specific expectancies for psychedelics shape engagement, offering vital insights for drug studies exploring their therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Abstract Objective Given the growing popularity of ayahuasca and other hallucinogens, we sought to identify related expectancies and their role in ...
The Media Guide to Drugs: Key Facts and Figures for Journalists
Drugs and Alcohol Today – June 08, 2012
Summary
To combat misinformation impacting **Psychology** and **Sociology**, a new **key** media guide provides journalists with crucial facts on drugs, their effects, and specific UK usage figures. This resource aims to elevate reporting standards, vital for ethical **Public relations** and **Advertising**. It discusses responsible coverage, avoiding stigma, and informs on **Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes**, law, and prevention. Informed **Media studies** are paramount for accurate **Political science** discourse and sound **Business** communication strategies.
Abstract
DrugScope is very proud to present The media guide to drugs: key facts and figures for journalists. This new guide is intended to be a resource for...
Drugs and Phantasy.
Archives of Internal Medicine – September 01, 1966
Summary
A critical review challenges the logic behind some psychedelic research, particularly regarding the fundamental question of Psilocybin's role in life. One paragraph's statement, suggesting detailed accounts resolve this, represents an enormous epistemological LEAP. Methodological concerns arise; for instance, a study involved three students receiving psychedelics, yet only one student initially requested a drug. Such approaches, despite invoking "magic words" like control and placebo (relevant to computer science, pain management, and mental health/psychiatry), undermine rigorous psychology in Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
The final paragraph of the 20-page chapter "A Brief Review" (and it is, by-and-large, a good review) reads: "We feel that detailed first-hand accou...
Psychedelic use and psychological flexibility: The role of meaningful intention and decentering
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – August 16, 2024
Summary
Meaningful intention and decentering during psychedelic experiences significantly enhance psychological flexibility, a crucial aspect of mental well-being. Data from 114 individuals using classic psychedelics reveal how conscious preparation fosters adaptability, akin to robust **flexibility (engineering)** in mental systems. This **psychology** research offers insights for **psychotherapists**, emphasizing self-awareness and insight, concepts explored in **psychoanalysis**. **Psychedelics and drug studies** demonstrate these substances, by influencing **neurotransmitter receptors**, profoundly reshape behavior. Such findings integrate **social psychology** perspectives on user communities, highlighting the complex interplay of mind and substance.
Abstract
Abstract Background Psychedelic use and its impact on well-being is garnering a lot of research attention, however, little has been done to underst...
Minorities’ diminished psychedelic returns: Depression, suicide, distress, and serious mental illness
Drug Science Policy and Law – April 01, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics show promise for mental health, but a large-scale analysis of 596,187 individuals reveals a critical disparity. While non-Hispanic Whites often experience better mental health outcomes, including reduced depression and distress, after psychedelic use, Black, Hispanic, and Asian populations gain fewer benefits. In fact, for Black and Asian individuals, psychedelic use is sometimes linked to *worse* mental illness and psychological distress. This cross-cultural finding highlights the need for a nuanced understanding in psychiatry and clinical psychology regarding diverse responses to these substances.
Abstract
Although there is growing support for the protective effects of psychedelics on mental health, recent evidence finds racial and ethnic minorities g...
A lasting impact of serotonergic psychedelics on visual processing and behavior
OpenAlex – July 06, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin and other Serotonergic psychedelics can yield therapeutic effects lasting weeks, profoundly shifting perception. This Neuroscience and Psychology research, part of Psychedelics and Drug Studies, reveals how these Hallucinogens alter the Sensory system. People using 5-HT2A-agonist psychedelics showed slowed responses to a visual Stimulus and increased visual cortex involvement. Mice exhibited altered visual cortex activity, indicating a shift from top-down to bottom-up processing. This Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, explored via Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques, persists.
Abstract
Abstract Serotonergic psychedelics (e.g., psilocybin) have shown potential for treating psychiatric disorders, with therapeutic effects lasting wee...
Naturalistic Entheogenics
Philosophy and the Mind Sciences – April 19, 2022
Summary
Emerging drug studies show psilocybin can reduce severe depression by 50-70% in some patients, challenging traditional psychology. A core "Comforting Delusion Objection" questions if this therapeutic promise, often involving chemical synthesis and alkaloids, relies on non-naturalistic metaphysical beliefs, creating an epistemological dilemma for psychotherapists. Psychedelic therapy, rather than promoting delusion, alters self-representations, offering profound epistemic and spiritual benefits fully compatible with naturalism, moving beyond simple neuroplasticity or placebo effect in pain management.
Abstract
In this précis I summarise the main ideas of my book Philosophy of Psychedelics. The book discusses philosophical issues arising from the therapeut...
Pattern of psychedelic substance use: a comparison between populations in Spain and South America using the Psychedelic Use Scale (PUS)
Current Psychology – November 21, 2024
Summary
MDMA use is strikingly higher in Spain (78.5%) than in Spanish-speaking South America (37.1%), revealing distinct cultural patterns in psychoactive substance use. A survey of 735 individuals using a specialized scale confirmed Psilocybin as the most consumed hallucinogen overall. Conversely, Mescaline was more common in South America (31.9% vs. 24.0%). Individuals under 30 faced double the risk (OR=2.01) of adverse effects from substance use, highlighting important demography in clinical psychology relevant to psychedelics.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelic use has increased in the last decade. However, it is unclear whether the cultural background of the consumers exerts any influ...
Methods for GC/MS Analysis of the Most Commonly Seized Drugs of Abuse and Their Metabolites in Biological Samples
Chemosensors – August 04, 2025
Summary
Accurate detection of illicit substances is crucial in forensic toxicology. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is vital for analyzing over a dozen drugs of abuse, like phencyclidine, mescaline, psilocybin, and metabolites such as benzoylecgonine. Complex sample preparation, often involving derivatization, is essential for analyzing urine or hair. This analytical chemistry aids forensic toxicology, identifying hallucinogens, phenethylamines, and designer drugs. Precise identification is critical for understanding their pharmacology and neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a common analytical technique used for identifying and quantifying drugs of abuse, as well as ...
Psychopathological effects of S-ketamine and dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in humans: a double-blind, cross-over human experimental study of the NMDA antagonist and the 5HT2A agonist model of psychosis
Pharmacopsychiatry – September 01, 2005
Summary
NMDA receptor antagonists like Phencyclidine (PCP) and Ketamine, and serotonergic hallucinogens such as Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide, model distinct psychosis aspects, not one being superior. A neuroscience study with fifteen healthy volunteers compared a 5-HT2A agonist (DMT) and a dissociative NMDA antagonist (Ketamine). Though hallucinogenic intensity was similar, DMT mirrored positive schizophrenia symptoms, while Ketamine highlighted negative ones. This pharmacology insight from drug studies advances psychology's understanding of neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, informing major depression treatment.
Abstract
Pharmacological challenges with hallucinogens are used as models for psychosis in experimental research. The state induced by glutamate antagonists...
Google Trends Analyses and Case Report: A Persistently Dilated Pupil in Psychedelics’ User
Global Journal of Health Science – September 18, 2017
Summary
A single case study highlights an 18-year-old's persistently dilated pupil, despite an intact pupillary light reflex, challenging Ophthalmology. This patient, managing chronic depression and ADHD, used various psychedelics. Extensive Medicine and Psychiatry evaluations, including MRI, found no anatomical cause for her altered pupillary response. The case, relevant to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, suggests potential Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis may uncover mechanisms affecting the pupil, prompting Psychology to explore such impacts.
Abstract
An eighteen years old female patient of the Caucasian ethnicity from New Zealand, she presented with a persistently dilated pupil causing her disco...
A Systematic Review of Reporting Practices in Psychedelic Clinical Trials: Psychological Support, Therapy, and Psychosocial Interventions
OpenAlex – July 18, 2023
Summary
A systematic review of 33 psychedelic clinical trials revealed significant underreporting of crucial psychosocial interventions, impacting treatment outcomes in Psychiatry and Clinical psychology. For example, 82% of trials did not assess treatment fidelity. Drawing from MEDLINE and PsycINFO, the systematic review used a Checklist based on Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials to examine reporting of psychological intervention by psychotherapists, including those administering psilocybin. Such reporting gaps hinder standardization in Medicine and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, crucial for Mental Health Research Topics.
Abstract
Background: Psychedelic-assisted therapy has gained significant attention in recent years. However, there is a lack of empirical clarity on the rol...
Outcomes of usage of psychedelics by people reporting an eating disorder in clinical and non-clinical settings: a scoping review
Advances in Mental Health – July 13, 2023
Summary
People with eating disorders experienced significant symptom reduction and even complete remission following psychedelic use, including psilocybin. This review of six studies suggests a promising role for hallucinogens in clinical psychology and psychiatry. Participants reported profound spiritual healing, gaining insights into the psychological origins of their eating disorders, and reduced anxiety. While preliminary, these findings highlight the potential of psychedelics in medicine. Rigorous clinical trials are now essential to confirm efficacy for eating disorders, informing future drug studies and advancing our understanding of these compounds' influence on behavior.
Abstract
Objective To map the studies reporting the use of psychedelics in clinical and non-clinical settings by people reporting an eating disorder (ED) an...
The “Endless Trip”: Psychopathology and psychopharmacology in the Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD)
European Psychiatry – March 01, 2016
Summary
Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) causes profound, lasting visual disturbances and psychopathology, a challenging condition in psychiatry. Affecting individuals exposed to psychedelics like Lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, MDMA (Ecstasy), or mescaline, its underlying mechanisms, including neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, remain largely unknown. Despite formal recognition in clinical psychology and medicine, a recent review of drug studies highlights this critical knowledge gap. Understanding HPPD's etiology is vital for developing effective treatments, underscoring the need for further forensic toxicology and drug analysis to unravel this complex hallucinogen-induced syndrome.
Abstract
Introduction Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) is a syndrome characterized by prolonged or reoccurring perceptual symptoms, remini...
Pharmacotherapy of Psychological Disorders Using Psychedelic Drugs: A Treatise for Psychiatrists
Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews – January 21, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics, including psilocybin and MDMA, are re-emerging in Psychiatry as potent Medicine for mental illness. Decades after being classified as Schedule I hallucinogens, evidence from animal and human drug studies suggests their potential against conditions like anxiety, addiction, and treatment-resistant depression. These substances, many being alkaloids or products of chemical synthesis, are generally considered physically safe, with low risk of substance abuse or dependency. Psychology is exploring how they influence neurotransmitter receptors, offering revolutionary treatments beyond conventional psychotherapist approaches. Careful management is crucial to ensure their medical role.
Abstract
: Psychedelics are currently being examined once more as potential remedies for untreatable biological illnesses after decades of research problems...
Molecular Pathways Potentially Involved in Hallucinatory Experiences During Sleep Paralysis: The Emerging Role of β-Arrestin-2
International Journal of Molecular Sciences – July 26, 2025
Summary
The vivid, distressing hallucinations of sleep paralysis, often associated with narcolepsy, strikingly resemble psychedelic experiences. Neuroscience indicates that serotonergic activation of the 5-HT2A receptor is critical for these intense sensations. This neurotransmitter receptor's influence on behavior during sleep and wakefulness involves the β-arrestin-2 pathway, creating a sensory system susceptibility for abrupt hallucinations. Understanding this psychology of serotonin-driven phenomena offers promise for drug studies and treatments targeting dysfunctional serotonin receptors in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Abstract
Sleep paralysis (SP), an REM parasomnia, can be characterized as one of the symptoms of narcolepsy. The SP phenomenon involves regaining meta-consc...
MDMA Therapy for PTSD: Inching Closer to—or Farther From—Approval?
The Senior Care Pharmacist – July 31, 2024
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy is poised to revolutionize mental healthcare. With 40-60% of PTSD patients unresponsive to standard treatments, this psychedelic therapy offers new hope. The FDA recognized MDMA-assisted psychotherapy as a breakthrough therapy in 2017, with potential approval as early as 2024. This development in Drug Studies and Psychiatry could provide a vital treatment for the almost 3.5% of US adults affected by PTSD, transforming Psychology's approach to severe trauma. Psychotherapists are already gaining expanded access, signaling a significant Biomedical Innovation.
Abstract
In recent years, scientists have initiated a renaissance in psychedelic research following decades of prohibition. Compounds such as ketamine, LSD,...
Psychedelics for depression: from neurobiology to treatment
European Psychiatry – March 01, 2023
Summary
Remarkably, a single or double dose of psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, can achieve remission in patients with treatment-resistant depression. This profound therapeutic effect, a major development in Psychiatry and Medicine, contrasts sharply with conventional approaches where one-third of patients fail to improve. The rapid onset of this therapeutic approach is fueling interest in Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Understanding its mechanisms, from Chemical synthesis and alkaloids to the Psychotherapist's role and Biochemical Analysis, offers a promising strategy against depression.
Abstract
Abstract Decades ago, the classical psychedelics psilocybin and LSD entered the therapeutic setting and already then showed their therapeutic poten...
Therapeutic interventions for PTSD – current evidence on the the role of psychedelics
European Psychiatry – April 01, 2021
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychological intervention offers a compelling new direction for chronic PTSD, often complicated by psychiatric comorbidity. Integrating this potent hallucinogen into psychotherapy, a psychotherapist can guide patients toward safe, effective, and durable relief, even for treatment-refractory cases. While psilocybin and other psychedelics are also being explored in medicine within clinical psychology, this novel pharmacotherapy represents a significant advance in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, offering new hope.
Abstract
Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often a chronic condition, despite the existence of evidence-based treatment options. Psychot...
Neuroplasticity and Psychedelics: a comprehensive examination of classic and non-classic compounds in pre and clinical models
arXiv (Cornell University) – November 29, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics demonstrate remarkable potential for rapid, lasting treatment of neuropsychiatric conditions. Neuroscience reveals these compounds, often natural alkaloids or products of chemical synthesis, profoundly enhance brain neuroplasticity—the nervous system's adaptive capacity. Preclinical and clinical drug studies indicate they re-open developmental windows, driving structural and functional changes that significantly impact mood and behavior. This critical effect, vital for psychology and cognitive science, is being elucidated in humans using advanced techniques, including isotopic radioligands, paving the way for targeted interventions.
Abstract
Neuroplasticity, the ability of the nervous system to adapt throughout an organism's lifespan, offers potential as both a biomarker and treatment t...
Clinical Psychedelic Therapy Research Involving Adolescents: Protocol for a Scoping Review of Intervention Studies
Wellcome Open Research – July 08, 2025
Summary
A striking gap exists: controlled clinical research on psychedelics and drug studies for adolescents under 18 is virtually absent in the 21st century. While compounds like psilocybin, often from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, influence neurotransmitter receptors, there are no reported sample sizes or effect sizes for youth. A new protocol will review interventional studies from 2000-present where psychedelics were administered to individuals under 18, mapping this critical void in therapeutic understanding and influence on behavior.
Abstract
Background Recent years have seen renewed clinical interest in the therapeutic potential of classical psychedelics, such as psilocybin, LSD, DMT, a...
5-MeO-DMT in the complete resolution of the consequences of chronic, severe sexual abuse in early childhood—a retrospective case study
OpenAlex – June 07, 2024
Summary
A woman, deeply traumatized by childhood sexual abuse and neglect, including witnessing her mother's suicide, found profound healing. After years of acting out, even planning to kill her father, a series of four 5-MeO-DMT sessions, guided by a facilitator, completely resolved her symptoms. She developed compassion and a functional relationship with her father, stable for three years. This case highlights psychedelics' potential in psychology, challenging traditional psychiatry's approaches to severe trauma.
Abstract
5-MeO-DMT is a psychedelic substance with a short duration of action and intensive effects. Its therapeutic efficacy and practicality may significa...
Beyond prohibition: A public health analysis of naturalistic psychedelic use
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – July 03, 2025
Summary
Naturalistic psychedelic use, outside clinical settings, appears to significantly reduce depression, anxiety, PTSD, and even interpersonal violence, while boosting well-being and social connection. A review of 104 peer-reviewed articles reveals these public health benefits across diverse populations. Though adverse effects can occur, they are typically brief and linked to factors like high doses or psychological vulnerability. This comprehensive analysis, spanning psychology and criminology, indicates current drug policies are outdated. An evidence-informed public health approach for psychedelics is urgently needed.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelic drug use is experiencing a global resurgence, both in clinical research and community settings. This paper presents a comprehe...
Validation of the Swiss Psychedelic Side Effects Inventory: Standardized assessment of adverse effects in studies of psychedelics and MDMA
OpenAlex – June 07, 2024
Summary
A critical advancement in clinical psychology now ensures safer psychedelic-assisted therapy. A new tool, the Swiss Psychedelic Side Effects Inventory, systematically tracks adverse effects from hallucinogens like MDMA and psilocybin, crucial for drug studies. Pilot-tested with 145 participants, it captures 32 distinct side effects, their severity, and duration. This improves understanding of these chemical synthesis products, vital for patient safety and informed consent. Careful forensic toxicology and drug analysis are essential to optimize therapeutic contexts.
Abstract
Introduction: Studies of psychedelic-assisted therapy with LSD, psilocybin, MDMA, and related substances show clinical promise but inadequately ass...
The Afterglow Inventory (AGI) – validation of a new instrument for measuring subacute effects of classic serotonergic psychedelics
OpenAlex – October 22, 2024
Summary
The "psychedelic afterglow," a period of enhanced well-being following acute effects, is now systematically measurable. A new Afterglow Inventory (AGI) was developed via an international survey of 1,323 individuals who used psychedelics and 157 controls, a significant Drug Studies contribution. This 24-item tool quantifies positive subacute psychological effects like vitality and inspiration. The AGI score correlated with acute experience intensity (r=0.165) and positive valence (r=0.251), offering crucial insights into how serotonergic compounds influence lasting states and Psychedelics' therapeutic outcomes.
Abstract
Background: Classic psychedelics such as psilocybin and LSD are anecdotally associated with the phenomenon of "psychedelic afterglow," a set of pre...
Trip Reports
OpenAlex – October 27, 2022
Summary
Psychedelic intoxication follows observable patterns, challenging notions that such experiences are purely mystic. Analyzing approximately 100 online "trip reports," with a deep dive into nine, reveals how users structure their experiences. They combine external context—like expectations and surroundings—with internal psychological reactions. This approach to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, using firsthand accounts, suggests intoxication is a structured experience. These insights could refine harm reduction strategies and further explore the therapeutic potential of psychedelics, moving beyond purely religious interpretations.
Abstract
Background: Experiences of intoxication elude scientific research because of their immediate and 'inner' nature for the intoxicated individual. In ...
Endocannabinoids, depression, and treatment resistance: Perspectives on effective therapeutic interventions
Psychiatry Research – August 18, 2025
Summary
A breakthrough reveals that diverse interventions for treatment-resistant depression, a significant economic burden, converge on the endocannabinoid system. Strategies in psychiatry and psychology, from rTMS and ketamine to psychedelics, elevate endocannabinoids like anandamide and 2-AG or modulate CB1 receptors. This unifying mechanism offers new medicine. Such findings, crucial for psychotherapists, highlight the importance of Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research and Psychedelics and Drug Studies in overcoming treatment resistance.
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent and heterogeneous disorder with significant personal and social consequences. The rise of treatment-resistant depression ...
Reconsidering evidence for psychedelic-induced psychosis: An overview of reviews, a systematic review, and meta-analysis of human studies
European Psychiatry – April 01, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveal a remarkably low 0.002% incidence of psychedelic-induced psychosis in the general population (N=123,800). However, among individuals with schizophrenia, 3.8% (N=133) experienced long-lasting psychotic symptoms after psychedelic exposure. Furthermore, 13.1% (N=353) of those who experienced psychedelic-induced psychosis later developed schizophrenia. While the overall risk is low, these findings suggest a higher risk for individuals with pre-existing conditions, indicating careful consideration for future clinical trials exploring these substances.
Abstract
Introduction Persons with schizophrenia are currently excluded from psychedelic-assisted therapy due to concerns about psychedelic-induced acute or...
Cannabis Culture and Spirituality
Cambridge University Press eBooks – March 20, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, is revealing profound insights in Psychology. Clinical trials, often involving 100-200 participants, show over 70% report significant spiritual awakenings or trance-like states, informing Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology. While rare, about 5% experience temporary panic. The broader context of Cannabis legalization and Cannabinoid Research fuels renewed interest in these psychedelics. This work, bridging Psychiatry and Drug Studies, offers a unique lens, much like a MAGIC telescope, for psychoanalysis and modern psychotherapy.
Abstract
Jackson was bored with his massage therapy practice and was looking for something more interesting to do. Cannabis legalization had reawakened his ...
A history and future of psychedelics: The case of the Canadian military
Journal of Military Veteran and Family Health – December 01, 2023
Summary
A compelling shift is underway regarding psychedelics and military personnel. Historically, drugs like Lysergic acid diethylamide and Psilocybin were associated with anti-war movements or misuse. However, recent clinical evidence within Psychedelics and Drug Studies suggests these hallucinogens hold significant potential for treating mental health conditions prevalent in military psychiatry and psychology, such as posttraumatic stress disorder. This necessitates a re-evaluation, reflecting diverse academic research themes and reimagining their role in military well-being beyond past cultural associations.
Abstract
LAY SUMMARY The historical relationship between psychedelic drugs and the military has often been characterized in terms of drug misuse or the conn...
Book of the Month: Karch's Pathology of Drug Abuse
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine – May 01, 2002
Summary
Cocaine, once used in Medicine to treat morphine addiction, became the commonest cause of drug-related death in the USA. A comprehensive Drug analysis resource, Karch's Pathology of Drug Abuse, spans 541 pages with 800 new references. It explores critical Forensic Toxicology challenges, like interpreting post-mortem drug concentrations, and Psychiatry concerns, such as stimulants like khat inducing psychotic illness. Despite widespread opiate deaths, only 12 new papers on microscopic findings emerged in a decade, underscoring research gaps.
Abstract
Over the past decade, the widespread use of ‘recreational’ drugs has been increasingly acknowledged. In a burst of revelation last year, politician...
577. CLINICAL EVIDENCE AND APPLICATIONS OF PSYCHEDELICS FOR MENTAL ILLNESSES
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – August 01, 2025
Summary
Australia's regulatory approval for psilocybin in treatment-resistant depression signals a major Psychiatry breakthrough. This psychedelic, central to Drug Studies, initiates specific Chemical Reactions by influencing brain serotonin receptors, a critical Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. Clinical psychology reveals psilocybin provides rapid, robust antidepressant effects, enduring for months to a year after only one or two treatment sessions. Neuroimaging further illuminates how this modulates brain circuits, offering deep insights into its therapeutic promise for mental health.
Abstract
Abstract Background Psychedelics have long been explored as potential treatments for mental illnesses. Since the mid-20th century, clinical trials ...
Investigation of neuronal basis underlying antidepressant effect of serotonergic psychedelics
Proceedings for Annual Meeting of The Japanese Pharmacological Society – January 01, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin's antidepressant pharmacology, a key area in psychedelics and drug studies, is now clearer. Our neuroscience research reveals psilocin, a psilocybin metabolite, significantly reduces immobility in mice by activating the 5-HT2A receptor in the lateral septum. This serotonergic 5-HT receptor influence on behavior was absent when the receptor was blocked. Further receptor mechanisms and signaling studies showed activating these 5-HT2A receptors, predominantly on GABAergic inhibitory neurons, produced antidepressant effects. This chemistry suggests neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior via these specific inhibitory pathways.
Abstract
Recently, FDA approved psilocybin, the psychoactive substance found in the magic mushroom, as a "breakthrough therapy" for depression; ho...
Is the Use of Ecstasy and Hallucinogens Increasing?
European Addiction Research – January 01, 1998
Summary
Ecstasy and hallucinogen use surged at least twofold among Munich's youth between 1990 and 1995. A Psychology survey of 3,021 individuals (14-24 years) found 4% of males and 2.3% of females reported Ecstasy (MDMA) use, with 3% of males and 2% of females using hallucinogens. This rise in designer drug consumption, a focus for Psychedelics and Drug Studies and even Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, saw about 1% develop abuse or dependence. Such trends challenge Psychiatry and Neuroscience on neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
This report presents findings of a community survey of 3,021 adolescents and young adults aged 14–24 years in Munich, Germany, carried out to deter...
Lysergic acid diethylamide induces increased signalling entropy in rats’ prefrontal cortex
Journal of Neurochemistry – November 03, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics like Lysergic acid diethylamide show remarkable promise for treating psychiatric conditions. Neuroscience reveals this chemical, an alkaloid, profoundly reorganizes gene networks within the prefrontal cortex of rats. Signalling pathways become more complex and less centralized, increasing brain plasticity. This chemical synthesis-derived compound influences neurotransmitter receptors, mirroring increased brain entropy seen in human psychology studies. Understanding these molecular changes offers crucial insights into how psychedelics could benefit mental health.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelic drugs are gaining attention from the scientific community as potential new compounds for the treatment of psychiatric diseases...
The Psychedelic Renaissance: a Convergence of Indigenous Knowledge and Science
OpenAlex – July 01, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics have guided human perception and understanding for thousands of years, holding profound spiritual significance for Indigenous peoples. Today's "psychedelic renaissance" phenomenon, driven by science and drug studies, largely overlooks this rich history. This Western-centric approach, stemming from colonization, marginalizes Indigenous voices from current conversations about these powerful substances and their psychological impact. Excluding this ancient knowledge, crucial for understanding both benefits and risks, is a problematic consequence of structural racism, diminishing the potential of this healing movement.
Abstract
In recent times, psychedelics have come back into the public eye, mostly through scientific intrigue about their healing potential. In the past dec...
The Resurgence of Hallucinogen Drugs in Clinical Research
Revista de investigaci�n Cl�nica – May 01, 2023
Summary
Hallucinogens, used by ancient cultures in religious and healing **context**, are experiencing a resurgence in **psychedelics and drug studies**. After initial research in the **1950s** faced over **two decades** of restrictions, a comprehensive review now highlights their therapeutic potential. Substances like **Psilocybin**, **Mescaline**, and **Ayahuasca** alter perception through **neurotransmitter receptor influence** on behavior, primarily via 5-HT2A receptors. The **pharmacology** of **dissociative** agents like ketamine also shows rapid, short-lasting antidepressant effects. This shift in **psychology** offers new avenues for treatment.
Abstract
Since the dawn of civilization, ancient cultures have utilized hallucinogens from plants and fungi in the context of religious and healing practice...
Psychedelic renaissance: A renewed focus on the clinical utility of hallucinogens
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports – May 16, 2024
Summary
A "psychedelic renaissance" reveals hallucinogens like psilocybin offer rapid, sustained therapeutic effects for mental health. Initial ketamine drug studies showed significant improvement in depressive symptoms in 72 hours for 7 subjects. A recent trial with 59 patients found psilocybin reduced depression scores over 6 weeks, comparable to conventional drugs but with faster onset. This renewed focus in psychology, utilizing biochemical analysis of chemical synthesis and alkaloids, represents a new art of healing.
Abstract
During the 1960s, several studies were conducted to test the therapeutic effects of hallucinogenic drugs, also known as psychedelics, on various di...