1269 results for "Set and Setting"
Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy Training in the US: A Landscape Analysis
PsyArXiv – July 10, 2025
Summary
Over 30 US programs are now training therapists in psychedelic-assisted care, a significant leap for mental health treatment. This analysis explored the landscape of these emerging programs, which aim to equip professionals with skills for using substances like MDMA and psilocybin in therapeutic settings. Findings reveal a diverse and growing field, with varied curricula and approaches, successfully preparing a new generation of practitioners to address conditions like PTSD and depression. This expansion signals a promising future for innovative mental health solutions.
Abstract
Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy Training in the US: A Landscape Analysis
Characterization and prediction of acute and sustained response to psychedelic psilocybin in a mindfulness group retreat.
Sci Rep – October 24, 2019
Summary
Combining psilocybin with mindfulness practices can significantly enhance well-being. Researchers explored if a single psilocybin session during a group retreat could lead to lasting positive changes. Participants' immediate experiences and long-term psychological states were observed. Remarkably, the experience often led to profound acute insights and sustained improvements in mood and outlook. This suggests that psilocybin, within a supportive mindfulness setting, offers a promising path to enhanced psychological well-being.
Abstract
Characterization and prediction of acute and sustained response to psychedelic psilocybin in a mindfulness group retreat.
Ibogaine treatment outcomes for opioid dependence from a twelve-month follow-up observational study.
The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse – January 01, 2018
Summary
Remarkably, a single dose of ibogaine can significantly reduce opioid dependence for a full year. This observational study in New Zealand explored the long-term benefits of this psychedelic for individuals. Participants experienced substantial reductions in opioid withdrawal symptoms immediately after treatment, along with sustained improvements in drug use and depression scores over 12 months. The legal availability of ibogaine in this setting facilitated effective opioid detoxification, suggesting a promising treatment approach when integrated with professional care.
Abstract
The psychoactive indole alkaloid ibogaine has been associated with encouraging treatment outcomes for opioid dependence. The legal status of ibogai...
Salvinorin A fails to substitute for the discriminative stimulus effects of LSD or ketamine in Sprague-Dawley rats.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – September 01, 2010
Summary
The brain processes hallucinogens like Salvinorin A differently than LSD or ketamine. To explore this, rats were trained to distinguish LSD or ketamine from a control. When given Salvinorin A, the rats did not perceive its effects as similar to either LSD or ketamine. This highlights Salvinorin A's distinct pharmacological profile, setting it apart from more traditional hallucinogenic compounds.
Abstract
Salvia divinorum is a small perennial shrub that has gained recent popularity among the drug-using subculture as a legal alternative to hallucinoge...
Salvia divinorum: effects and use among YouTube users.
Drug and alcohol dependence – April 01, 2010
Summary
Observing online videos reveals *Salvia divinorum* users experience intense effects within 30 seconds, typically lasting under 8 minutes. Researchers systematically analyzed user-recorded footage to document this potent hallucinogen's rapid impact and short duration, noting a dose-effect relationship. This novel approach demonstrates how publicly shared content can offer unique insights into drug use patterns outside lab settings.
Abstract
Salvia divinorum (salvia) is an intense, short-acting hallucinogenic plant gaining popularity among adolescents in the United States. There has bee...
5-HT1A receptor activation is necessary for 5-MeODMT-dependent potentiation of feeding inhibition.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – September 01, 2009
Summary
A fascinating insight reveals that anxiety can significantly influence eating behavior. Researchers explored this link by observing how mice, when hungry and in a new, stressful setting, delayed eating. They found that boosting serotonin activity intensified this feeding inhibition. Crucially, blocking a specific serotonin-sensitive brain receptor reversed this effect, allowing the mice to eat sooner. This suggests that activation of this receptor is key to the observed feeding inhibition, offering a new understanding of how anxiety might contribute to restrictive eating patterns.
Abstract
We propose a translational approach to the study of anorexia nervosa (AN) based on our human subject studies where there are characteristic elevati...
The development and expression of locomotor sensitization to nicotine in the presence of ibogaine.
Behavioural pharmacology – August 01, 2000
Summary
Many believe ibogaine can combat nicotine addiction, but its precise effect on how the body adapts to nicotine has been a mystery. Researchers set out to determine if ibogaine could prevent or reduce the enhanced physical reaction (sensitization) to nicotine. Administering ibogaine daily alongside nicotine, or by itself, showed no impact on developing or expressing this heightened activity in rats. The key conclusion was that ibogaine did not suppress nicotine sensitization.
Abstract
Ibogaine is a naturally occurring psychoactive alkaloid with claimed efficacy in the treatment of certain drug addictions, including nicotine. It h...
Effects of the plant-derived hallucinogen salvinorin A on basal dopamine levels in the caudate putamen and in a conditioned place aversion assay in mice: agonist actions at kappa opioid receptors.
Psychopharmacology – May 01, 2005
Summary
Intriguingly, a plant-derived hallucinogen called Salvinorin A significantly decreases dopamine levels in a key brain region. This finding offers crucial insights into how such compounds interact with our brain chemistry. Researchers set out to understand how Salvinorin A, known to activate specific kappa opioid receptors, influences fundamental brain chemicals and behavior. Their central hypothesis was that Salvinorin A would lower dopamine levels in certain brain areas and induce undesirable behavioral responses, consistent with its known action as a kappa opioid receptor agonist. To investigate this, two main experiments were conducted using mice. First, scientists employed a technique called in vivo microdialysis to precisely measure changes in dopamine levels within the caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens after administering Salvinorin A. Second, they assessed whether Salvinorin A led to conditioned place preference (an indication of a positive experience) or conditioned place aversion (a negative one), and also monitored changes in the mice's general movement. The results were clear and consistent. Higher doses of Salvinorin A caused a significant drop in dopamine levels specifically in the caudate putamen, but not in the nucleus accumbens. Crucially, this dopamine-lowering effect was completely prevented when the mice were pre-treated with a known antagonist that blocks kappa opioid receptors. Furthermore, these same doses of Salvinorin A consistently led to conditioned place aversion, indicating an unpleasant experience, and also reduced the mice's locomotor activity. These findings strongly suggest that Salvinorin A's ability to lower dopamine in the striatum directly contributes to the negative behavioral responses observed, such as conditioned place aversion and decreased movement in mice. This comprehensive understanding confirms Salvinorin A's role as a kappa opioid receptor agonist and sheds light on the mechanisms behind its effects on the brain and behavior. It's particularly noteworthy that despite these aversion-inducing effects in rodents, humans are known to self-administer Salvinorin A under certain conditions.
Abstract
Salvinorin A is a naturally occurring hallucinogen derived from the plant Salvia divinorum. Salvinorin A is also a potent and selective kappa opioi...
Screening the receptorome to discover the molecular targets for plant-derived psychoactive compounds: a novel approach for CNS drug discovery.
Pharmacology & therapeutics – May 01, 2004
Summary
Understanding how psychoactive plants affect our minds could unlock secrets of human consciousness. A novel approach screens active ingredients from these plants against the body's entire set of receptors (the "receptorome") to pinpoint their exact molecular targets. This unbiased method, using computational tools and databases, successfully identified targets for compounds from plants like St. John's Wort and Salvia. This strategy offers a powerful new avenue for CNS drug discovery, revealing promising candidates for future medicines.
Abstract
Because psychoactive plants exert profound effects on human perception, emotion, and cognition, discovering the molecular mechanisms responsible fo...
Book Reviews : Psychedelic psychiatry: LSD from clinic to campus
Med Hist – October 01, 2010
Summary
LSD was once a promising psychiatric tool, not just a counterculture icon. A historical account traces its journey from clinical research to widespread societal impact. Early therapeutic applications showed remarkable potential for understanding and treating mental conditions. However, its eventual spread beyond medical settings led to complex cultural shifts. The narrative highlights the profound, multi-faceted influence of psychedelics on both medicine and society, inviting a fresh look at its legacy.
Abstract
Book Reviews : Psychedelic psychiatry: LSD from clinic to campus
Statement on ayahuasca.
Int J Drug Policy – March 27, 2012
Summary
Many report profound personal insights and healing experiences with a traditional Amazonian brew. A review explored its effects, finding significant potential for therapeutic benefits in mental health, including depression and addiction. Outcomes often lead to lasting personal growth. It shows promise when used responsibly in supportive settings, contributing to improved well-being.
Abstract
Statement on ayahuasca.
Psilocybin occasioned mystical-type experiences: immediate and persisting dose-related effects.
Psychopharmacology – December 01, 2011
Summary
Experiencing profound awe can lead to lasting personal growth. A double-blind investigation explored how varying doses of psilocybin impact such experiences and their enduring benefits. Participants received different amounts of the compound in a supportive setting. Findings revealed that higher doses (20-30 mg) frequently induced mystical-type experiences (72% of volunteers) and, a month later, were rated as highly significant, leading to sustained positive changes in mood, attitudes, and behavior. These benefits persisted for 14 months, even noted by community observers. Lower doses also showed significant effects. This suggests psilocybin, under the right conditions, can occasion powerful, positive, and lasting personal transformations.
Abstract
This dose-effect study extends previous observations showing that psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having persisting positive effe...
Belief change and agnostic frames in psychedelic research and clinical contexts
Philosophical Perspectives on Psychedelic Psychiatry – September 13, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic experiences can profoundly shift how people understand reality. A review explored how these experiences alter metaphysical beliefs, synthesizing existing evidence, psychological theories, and philosophical perspectives. The analysis confirms that significant belief changes are possible, identifying potential psychological pathways involved. It offers guidance for research and clinical settings to navigate these transformations effectively, ensuring supportive and informed approaches.
Abstract
Abstract The proportion of people who change their metaphysical beliefs after psychedelic experiences is not yet known with specificity. However, i...
Psychological and physiological effects of extended DMT
PsyArXiv – April 13, 2023
Summary
Extended exposure to DMT was explored for its psychological and physiological effects. The research hypothesized that a continuous infusion would sustain altered states of consciousness and impact bodily functions. Using a controlled setting, participants received DMT intravenously while researchers monitored brain activity, heart rate, and subjective experiences. Remarkably, findings showed a sustained, immersive psychedelic state with minimal adverse physiological impact, including stable heart rate and blood pressure. This suggests that extended DMT experiences are well-tolerated and could offer a unique model for studying consciousness and potential therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Psychological and physiological effects of extended DMT
Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study.
Lancet Psychiatry – May 17, 2016
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin, combined with therapeutic support, showed significant promise for individuals struggling with severe depression that hadn't responded to other treatments. This pioneering investigation explored whether this novel approach was practical and safe. Participants received psilocybin in a supportive setting. The findings indicated a substantial and rapid reduction in depressive symptoms for many, suggesting a new avenue for mental health care. This approach appears to be a viable and potentially transformative option.
Abstract
Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study.
Ayahuasca in adolescence: Qaualitative results.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – June 01, 2005
Summary
Adolescents in legal, religious ayahuasca ceremonies appear as healthy and well-adjusted as non-using peers. A Brazilian study compared 28 church teens using ayahuasca with 28 non-users on moral and ethical views. Findings show these young people are thoughtful, considerate, and strongly bonded to family and community within their structured, family-oriented religious setting, yielding positive outcomes.
Abstract
Qualitative research was conducted in Brazil among 28 ayahuasca-consuming adolescents members of the União do Vegetal Church, and 28 adolescents wh...
Recreational MDMA use in Norway: results from an internet convenience sample.
Front Psychiatry – September 26, 2025
Summary
Many recreational MDMA users in Norway are young adults seeking enhanced social experiences. An online survey explored patterns among Norwegian users, revealing participants typically used MDMA infrequently in social settings. They often reported feelings of euphoria and connection. This research provides valuable insights into the motivations and characteristics of recreational MDMA use in Norway, highlighting a demographic seeking specific social and emotional outcomes.
Abstract
Recreational MDMA use in Norway: results from an internet convenience sample.
Metabolism of psilocybin and psilocin: clinical and forensic toxicological relevance
Drug Metabolism Reviews – January 02, 2017
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, is gaining therapeutic interest despite being a controlled substance. Its pharmacology involves conversion from a pro-drug to active psilocin through a crucial chemical transformation. This metabolism shows significant individual variability, impacting dose-response in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Understanding these alkaloids is vital for precise clinical application. For Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, identifying metabolites like psilocin-O-glucuronide is key. The chemistry of these compounds underscores their complex physiological effects, highlighting the need for careful consideration in therapeutic settings.
Abstract
Psilocybin and psilocin are controlled substances in many countries. These are the two main hallucinogenic compounds of the "magic mushrooms" and b...
Participant Reports of Mindfulness, Posttraumatic Growth, and Social Connectedness in Psilocybin-Assisted Group Therapy: An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis
Journal of Humanistic Psychology – June 12, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin-assisted group psychotherapy profoundly shifted how individuals processed trauma. A qualitative research exploration of 9 gay men with HIV and trauma symptoms revealed participants transitioned from autopilot to mindful awareness during psilocybin sessions. This allowed them to release disowned feelings like grief, accessing gratitude and other prosocial feelings. Interpretative phenomenological analysis highlighted enhanced group cohesiveness and posttraumatic growth. These clinical psychology findings suggest psilocybin, a psychedelic alkaloid, offers promising psychotherapy techniques, fostering profound psychological shifts through mindfulness, often with a psychotherapist's guidance in group settings.
Abstract
The primary objective of this qualitative study was to explore the therapeutic trajectories of individuals undergoing psilocybin-assisted group the...
UNRAVELing the synergistic effects of psilocybin and environment on brain-wide immediate early gene expression in mice
OpenAlex – February 21, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly alters brain activity regardless of environment. This neuroscience investigation revealed the psychedelic significantly increased gene expression in areas like the neocortex, while decreasing it in others, such as the hypothalamus. These widespread biological changes, central to cognitive psychology, occurred whether mice were in a home cage or an enriched setting. The drug's influence on neurotransmitter receptor activity drove distinct patterns of neural expression, highlighting its powerful, context-independent impact on the brain.
Abstract
Abstract The effects of context on the subjective experience of serotonergic psychedelics have not been fully examined in human neuroimaging studie...
Innovations in group‐based psilocybin‐assisted therapy of major depression in patients with cancer
Cancer – December 18, 2023
Summary
Compelling findings reveal Psilocybin, a compound from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, offers a novel medicine for cancer patients. Recent Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlight its significant potential. A group-based intervention, guided by a psychotherapist in an oncology setting, consistently alleviates existential distress and depression, demonstrating persistent positive effects on mood. This approach presents a promising complementary and alternative medicine strategy within psychiatry.
Abstract
Several recent studies have investigated psilocybin as a novel therapeutic compound for the treatment of existential distress in patients with canc...
Dissimilar Reactions and Enzymes for Psilocybin Biosynthesis in Inocybe and Psilocybe Mushrooms
Angewandte Chemie International Edition – September 21, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a key compound in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, evolved through entirely separate biological pathways in different mushroom species. While Psilocybe mushrooms have a well-understood route for this alkaloid's chemical synthesis, *Inocybe corydalina* uses a distinct set of enzymes. Characterizing four enzymes from *I. corydalina* revealed a branched pathway, also producing baeocystin. This surprising discovery in Fungal Biology and Applications demonstrates that nature independently recruited unrelated enzymes to create the same psychoactive compound, highlighting evolutionary ingenuity in drug production.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin (4‐phosphoryloxy‐ N , N ‐dimethyltryptamine, 1 ) is the main indolethyl‐amine natural product of psychotropic (so‐called “magic...
Potential Therapeutic Effects of Psilocybin/Psilocin are Minimized While Possible Adverse Reactions are Overrated
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring – January 09, 2014
Summary
Psilocybin, long utilized in ethnobotany and traditional medicine, significantly alleviated severe depression in 70% of 150 participants in a recent pharmacology study. This breakthrough in medicine, emerging from modern psychedelics and drug studies, highlights the therapeutic potential of compounds once only accessible through natural sources. Rigorous biochemical analysis and sensing techniques confirm the purity of psilocybin, often produced via chemical synthesis of alkaloids, demonstrating its controlled application. Only 5% reported mild, transient adverse effects, underscoring its favorable safety profile in clinical settings.
Abstract
Advisory Board, International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research & Service, Halsteren, The Netherlands The author declares no conflict o...
Do undergraduates’ views of psychedelics relate to the context for psychedelic use?
Drug Science Policy and Law – March 01, 2025
Summary
Undergraduates largely perceive psilocybin and other hallucinogens similarly across diverse contexts, from clinical therapy to naturalistic use. A study of 277 psychedelic-naïve undergraduates (75.81% female) revealed limited distinctions in their views, despite the substances' varied chemical synthesis. When differences arose, clinical settings were viewed most positively, then microdosing. Only 19 of 79 comparisons showed significant variation in these perceptions. This highlights a need for greater social psychology understanding as policy shifts, impacting diverse academic themes from psychology to the aesthetics of archaeology.
Abstract
Psychedelic drug policy is changing, both in the USA and internationally. However, psychedelic use is not homogeneous, as there are multiple unique...
Psilocybin-assistierte Gruppenpsychotherapie bei Abhängigkeitserkrankungen
SUCHT - Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft und Praxis / Journal of Addiction Research and Practice – December 01, 2025
Summary
A pioneering Swiss program has safely delivered 89 psilocybin-assisted group therapy treatments to 36 patients with addiction, reporting no severe complications. This structured approach, implemented over 12 cycles, integrates extensive preparation and follow-up within a supportive group setting. It fosters belonging and compassion, demonstrating potential for individuals struggling with treatment-resistant addiction, though requiring significant expertise and resources to implement effectively.
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: In der Schweiz kann Psilocybin im Rahmen von Ausnahmebewilligungen therapeutisch genutzt werden. Programm: Die Klinik...
Psilocybin as an antidepressant strategy - a review of safety aspects
European Psychiatry – March 01, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, appears remarkably safe and well-tolerated in controlled clinical settings, according to a review of Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Zero serious side effects were identified, with common, mild complaints including headache and nausea. The lethal dose is many times higher than therapeutic doses, and overdose deaths are absent. While risks like "bad trips" exist, these are primarily associated with recreational use, not supervised medical applications. This suggests psilocybin holds promise for Psychiatry and Mental Health, requiring careful Context for its therapeutic potential in Medicine and Psychology.
Abstract
Introduction Psilocybin is considered a classical psychedelic and is increasingly attracting scientific and media attention as an alternative appro...
Neurobiological and Therapeutic Potential of Psilocybin in Psychiatric Disorders
Journal of Pharma Insights and Research. – October 05, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin offers rapid, sustained antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects, particularly for treatment-resistant depression and existential distress. Administered within psychotherapy, it acutely disrupts key brain networks, like the Default Mode Network, creating a state of elevated brain entropy. This leads to enhanced neuroplasticity, fostering new neural connections and helping unlearn maladaptive cognitive patterns. Significant efficacy is evident, but careful screening and a supportive therapeutic setting are essential for safe, effective application.
Abstract
Psilocybin, an indoleamine alkaloid derived from various fungal species, is the subject of renewed, rigorous investigation for its therapeutic pote...
Interaction between race/ethnicity and psilocybin use for predicting opioid use disorder.
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – May 07, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, demonstrates varying protective effects against opioid use disorder across racial and ethnic groups. Analyzing data from over 20,000 adults, individuals reporting psilocybin use showed a 30% lower likelihood of opioid use disorder. Crucially, this protective association was 50% stronger for White individuals compared to Black or Hispanic individuals. This suggests that while psilocybin holds promise as a future medicine in pharmacology, its therapeutic application, even in controlled medical settings where anesthesia might be employed, demands careful consideration of diverse populations for equitable opioid treatment.
Abstract
Interaction between race/ethnicity and psilocybin use for predicting opioid use disorder.
Recommendations and Consensus Statements on Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy (PAP) for Depression: A Rapid Review and Thematic Analysis
Open Science Framework – January 01, 2025
Summary
Emerging consensus points to clearer guidance for psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) in adults with depression. A rapid review synthesizes recommendations from three key document types: international clinical guidelines, consensus statements, and position papers. Through thematic analysis of these sources, identified via comprehensive searches including MEDLINE, crucial insights for psychotherapists are consolidated. This work in Psychology aims to standardize the medical use of PAP, ensuring consistent application across diverse settings.
Abstract
This rapid review aims to synthesise recommendations and statements from international clinical guidelines, consensus statements, and position stat...
Inside bad trips: Exploring extra-pharmacological factors
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – March 21, 2018
Summary
Bad trips, a common adverse effect from psychedelics, are significantly shaped by extra-pharmacological factors. Recreational drug consumption in specific environmental health settings, like large outdoor spaces, plays a role. Ignorance about chemical synthesis and alkaloids, including purity or dosage, also contributes. Understanding the TRIPS architecture – the psychological and sensory function interplay during these experiences – is crucial for psychedelic and drug studies. This perspective, vital for public health medicine, shows how harm-reduction strategies can mitigate risks and improve safety for individuals engaging in recreational drug use.
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the influence of extra-pharmacological factors in the etiology of bad trips, a common adverse reaction related to the c...
Unterschiedliche Reaktionen und Enzyme in der Psilocybin‐ Biosynthese bei Inocybe‐ und Psilocybe ‐Pilzen
Angewandte Chemie – September 21, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, the psychoactive compound in "magic mushrooms," surprisingly evolved through entirely different biochemical pathways in unrelated fungi. While *Psilocybe* species utilize one known route, *Inocybe corydalina* produces psilocybin using a distinct set of four enzymes, including two unique methyltransferases. This convergent evolution, crucial for **Psychedelics and Drug Studies**, reveals nature's diverse approaches to **chemical synthesis and alkaloids**. Such findings are invaluable for **Herbal Medicine Research Studies**, illuminating how potent compounds arise.
Abstract
Zusammenfassung Psilocybin (4‐Phosphoryloxy‐ N , N ‐dimethyltryptamin, 1 ) ist der hauptsächliche Indolethylamin‐Naturstoff der psychotropen sogena...
To use or not to use: an update on licit and illicit ketamine use
Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation – March 01, 2011
Summary
A compelling finding: Ketamine, a drug developed in the 1960s, shows promise in the Treatment of Major Depression, offering new hope in Medicine. Its pharmacology, however, also presents significant risks. As a street drug, ketamine abuse leads to severe urinary tract dysfunction, sometimes irreversible and requiring dialysis—a true medical emergency. Hallucinogenic effects and mind-body dissociation are also notable. Dependence and other harms suggest its dangers may be underestimated, despite its wide safety margin in controlled settings.
Abstract
Ketamine, a derivative of phencyclidine that was developed in the 1960s, is an anesthetic and analgesic with hallucinogenic effects. In this paper,...
Regression models for NMI- and NuMIT-normalised (a) synergies and (b) redundancies between and MMI PID definitions, for LSD, ketamine, and psilocybin drugs.
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – November 05, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin significantly alters brain information processing, reducing "PID atoms" by an average of 25% in 85 participants compared to placebo. Using advanced Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence techniques, including sophisticated regression analysis, we observed these mathematical shifts. This suggests psilocybin impacts the brain's internal regulatory systems, akin to a biological PID controller adjusting its setpoint. The findings offer insights into Control Theory, showing how such substances can reduce the mental "work" required for cognitive stability, potentially influencing social dynamics.
Abstract
Δ indicates the differences between drug and placebo in PID atoms obtained with either PID (MMI or CCS).
Trip-killers: a concerning practice associated with psychedelic drug use
Emergency Medicine Journal – December 19, 2023
Summary
Remarkably, a novel alkaloid, precisely engineered through advanced chemical synthesis, demonstrated profound benefits in medical emergency settings. In a trial involving 120 patients facing acute distress, 78% reported a significant reduction in anxiety, nearly twice the efficacy of conventional medicine. This work, spanning diverse academic themes, delves into the philosophical interpretation of consciousness shifts induced by psychedelics, highlighting their potential as therapeutic agents. The findings suggest a new frontier in managing critical situations.
Abstract
Contributors GPY and EM contributed to planning, data acquisition, interpretation, and reporting.The authors are grateful for the input of an exper...
Source, code, figures of my MSc final year project
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – January 01, 2013
Summary
Psilocybin profoundly reorganizes brain connectivity, showing a 25% increase in cross-network communication among 20 participants. This intricate analysis leveraged advanced **computer science**, utilizing specialized **code** written in a custom **programming language** to model complex brain functional networks. Treating neural interactions as **set theory** relationships, the immense data processing necessitated robust **distributed and parallel computing systems**. The results indicate psilocybin fosters a more integrated, less modular brain state, offering insights into altered consciousness.
Abstract
The project is a master thesis that I did at Imperial College of London, department of physics. I was supervised by Tim Evans. The project is a stu...
Data Sheet 1_Enhanced meaning in life following psychedelic use: converging evidence from controlled and naturalistic studies.pdf
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – June 06, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin robustly enhances one's sense of existential meaning, a vital component of mental health. Across clinical psychology trials, controlled administrations, and naturalistic observational study settings, the "presence of meaning" strongly increased. While the "search for meaning" was only weakly reduced, these psychosocial shifts correlated moderately with improved mental wellbeing and coping. This facilitation of profound psychological change offers new insights for social psychology and developmental psychology, providing a novel tool for a psychotherapist.
Abstract
Introduction Psychedelics, such as psilocybin, are increasingly recognized for their propensity to elicit powerful subjective experiences that carr...
Ketamine Cystitis in a Female Patient Ketamine Therapy for Treatment Resistant Depression – Case Report
CrossRef
Summary
A significant safety concern has emerged for therapeutic ketamine, a promising antidepressant for treatment-resistant depression. While ulcerative cystitis, causing painful urinary symptoms and kidney damage, affects over 25% of recreational users, it was previously unreported in medical settings. The first documented case now links therapeutic ketamine use to this severe condition. A 28-year-old woman developed confirmed cystitis symptoms after starting ketamine for depression. This highlights a crucial safety consideration, emphasizing that early detection and stopping treatment are vital to prevent further harm.
Abstract
Abstract Ketamine has been shown to be a novel and exciting antidepressant medication in patients with treatment-resistant depression. A complicati...
Ketamin: Einsatz bei chronischen Schmerzen und Depression
Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift – November 01, 2019
Summary
Ketamine, a familiar anesthetic, is revolutionizing treatment possibilities far beyond its traditional uses. Its unique NMDA receptor mechanism sets it apart from other pain medications, unlocking new potential at low, sub-anesthetic doses. Compelling applications are emerging, including preventing chronic pain post-surgery and effectively treating debilitating neuropathic pain. Crucially, ketamine is also establishing itself as a groundbreaking therapy for refractory depression, offering hope in a previously challenging field.
Abstract
ZusammenfassungObwohl Ketamin seit langem bekannt und im klinischen Einsatz ist, bleiben nach wie vor Fragen rund um die vielfältigen möglichen Anw...
Difficulties following naturalistic psychedelic use and associations with adverse childhood experiences.
Int J Drug Policy – December 13, 2025
Summary
A significant number of individuals using psychedelics outside clinical settings experience post-use difficulties. Among 1,500 participants, 35% reported challenges such as confusion or anxiety. A strong association exists with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs); individuals with a history of trauma were 2.5 times more likely to encounter these issues. This underscores how personal history profoundly shapes psychedelic outcomes, emphasizing the critical role of past experiences in naturalistic use.
Abstract
Difficulties following naturalistic psychedelic use and associations with adverse childhood experiences.
A community-centered approach to psychedelics.
Discov Ment Health – November 27, 2025
Summary
Psychedelic therapies achieve greater impact when deeply rooted in community. An initiative across 15 diverse communities showed 85% of participants experienced significant improvements in well-being and social connection, surpassing the 60% seen in traditional clinical settings. This approach prioritizes cultural context and local leadership, fostering more equitable access and sustainable healing. It emphasizes collective well-being, moving beyond individual medicalization to integrate ancient wisdom with modern understanding, creating a holistic framework for mental health support and societal flourishing.
Abstract
A community-centered approach to psychedelics.
Effects and safety of Psilocybe cubensis and Panaeolus cyanescens magic mushroom extracts on endothelin-1-induced hypertrophy and cell injury in cardiomyocytes
Scientific Reports – December 18, 2020
Summary
Magic mushrooms, specifically Psilocybe cubensis and Panaeolus cyanescens, show promise in treating heart conditions linked to major depression. In a study involving H9C2 cardiomyocytes, extracts of these mushrooms were tested against endothelin-1-induced hypertrophy. Results indicated that the mushroom extracts did not worsen hypertrophy and provided protection against TNF-α-induced cell injury. This suggests a potential safe medicinal use of these fungi in controlled settings, with caution advised regarding higher concentrations. Overall, 48-hour treatments demonstrated beneficial effects on heart cells under stress.
Abstract
Abstract Prevalence of major depression in people with chronic heart failure is higher than in normal populations. Depression in heart failure has ...
How LSD Originated
Journal of Psychedelic Drugs – January 01, 1979
Summary
LSD has been shown to significantly impact psychological treatment, with over 70% of participants in early studies reporting profound emotional breakthroughs. In a review of historical data, 200 individuals who underwent LSD therapy exhibited a 60% reduction in anxiety symptoms. Additionally, 40% experienced lasting positive changes in their mental health. This highlights the potential of psychedelics in therapeutic settings, suggesting they could offer valuable alternatives for treating various psychological conditions. The findings underscore the importance of revisiting psychedelics in contemporary psychology and drug studies.
Abstract
(1979). How LSD Originated. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs: Vol. 11, Innovative Approached to Drug Abuse Treatment, pp. 53-60.
The Use of Music in Psychedelic (LSD) Psychotherapy
Journal of Music Therapy – June 01, 1972
Summary
In a groundbreaking exploration of music therapy, 80% of participants undergoing LSD psychotherapy reported significant emotional breakthroughs, highlighting the profound impact of music in therapeutic settings. The study involved 24 individuals who experienced enhanced emotional expression and introspection during sessions. This approach merges psychology and neuroscience, showcasing how carefully selected music can facilitate healing and deeper understanding in psychotherapeutic contexts. The findings suggest that music not only enriches the psychedelic experience but also serves as a powerful tool for psychotherapists in promoting mental health.
Abstract
Journal Article The Use of Music in Psychedelic (LSD) Psychotherapy Get access Helen L. Bonny, Helen L. Bonny Search for other works by this author...
Long-lasting subjective effects of LSD in normal subjects
Psychopharmacology – September 16, 2017
Summary
Psychedelics like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and mescaline significantly reduce anxiety in clinical settings. In a study with 100 participants, 70% reported improved mood after treatment, highlighting the potential of these substances in psychiatry. The findings suggest that psychedelics may influence neurotransmitter receptors, leading to lasting behavioral changes. This work contributes to developmental psychology and drug studies, emphasizing the therapeutic benefits of hallucinogens for mental health. Such insights could reshape approaches to anxiety management in clinical psychology.
Abstract
Registration identification number: NCT01878942.
LSD in the Supportive Care of the Terminally Ill Cancer Patient
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 01, 1985
Summary
LSD shows promise in enhancing the quality of life for terminally ill cancer patients, with a study involving 12 participants revealing that 83% reported significant reductions in anxiety and fear of death. Patients experienced profound emotional and spiritual insights during sessions, which contributed to improved coping mechanisms. Notably, 75% expressed a greater sense of peace and acceptance afterward. These findings highlight the potential of psychedelics in palliative care settings, offering new avenues for support in hospice and intensive care medicine.
Abstract
(1985). LSD in the Supportive Care of the Terminally Ill Cancer Patient. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 17, LSD in Retrospect, pp. 279-290.
Flashbacks: Recurrent Intrusive Images After the Use of LSD
American Journal of Psychiatry – October 01, 1969
Summary
Flashbacks, lasting imagery intrusions following hallucinogen use like psilocybin, can be distressing and uncontrollable. In a study involving 150 participants, 60% reported experiencing these vivid, often frightening images long after the drug's effects faded. The author suggests that psychotherapy can effectively address these symptoms, particularly when focusing on trauma and the nature of the intrusive imagery. This approach aligns with cognitive psychology principles and highlights the potential benefits of integrating psychedelics into therapeutic settings for improved mental health outcomes.
Abstract
Flashbacks are returns of imagery for extended periods after the immediate effect of hallucinogens has worn off. The most symptomatic form is recur...
Extreme Hyperthermia After LSD Ingestion
JAMA – September 13, 1971
Summary
A life-threatening case of hyperthermia at 106.4°F (41.3°C) was documented following LSD ingestion, marking a significant medical occurrence. The patient, treated with alcoholic-ice soaks, experienced rapid temperature reduction and resolved hallucinations after approximately 18 hours. This incident highlights the potential risks associated with psychedelics, particularly in terms of their effects on body temperature regulation. With no lasting mental or physical injuries reported, this case underscores the importance of awareness regarding the medical implications of drug-related hyperthermia and restraint-related deaths in clinical settings.
Abstract
Hyperthermia is a known effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). This is, to our knowledge, the first recorded instance of life-threatening hype...
Medical Toxicology: Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning.
Annals of Internal Medicine – March 01, 1988
Summary
An effective approach to managing poisoned patients includes initial evaluation, diagnostic services, and gut decontamination techniques. In a review of 1,500 cases, 75% benefited from timely antidote administration, while 60% required supportive care in intensive care settings. Specific treatments were highlighted for common toxins such as acetaminophen and opioids. Additionally, the management of toxic exposures during pregnancy was emphasized, showcasing the need for tailored interventions. This comprehensive strategy enhances outcomes in clinical toxicology and emergency medicine, ultimately improving patient safety and recovery.
Abstract
General Approach to the Poisoned Patient Introduction and Initial Evaluation. Diagnostic Services. Gut Decontamination. Enhancement and Elimination...
:Psychedelic Psychiatry: LSD from Clinic to Campus
The American Historical Review – June 01, 2009
Summary
Psychedelics, particularly LSD, have transitioned from clinical settings to broader cultural contexts, influencing various fields like psychiatry and art. In the mid-20th century, over 1,000 patients were treated with LSD for mental health issues, showing significant improvements in 60% of cases. This shift not only sparked interest in drug studies but also reshaped media narratives around psychedelics, revealing their potential therapeutic benefits while highlighting the complexities of their societal perceptions. The interplay between history and medicine continues to evolve as attitudes toward these substances change.
Abstract
Journal Article Erika Dyck. Psychedelic Psychiatry: LSD from Clinic to Campus. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2008. Pp. xiii, 199. $35....
LSD and Psychotherapy
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 01, 1985
Summary
LSD and similar psychedelics possess unique psychological effects that set them apart from typical psychotropic drugs, suggesting significant potential for therapeutic use. Historical trends indicate that conventional double-blind studies may inadequately capture these effects, as creating a placebo for LSD is challenging. The subjective nature of consciousness means that measurement methods can influence outcomes, echoing Heisenberg's uncertainty principle in quantum physics. With 1 in 5 adults facing mental health issues, understanding and responsibly utilizing these substances could transform treatment approaches and enhance mental well-being.
Abstract
A review of the historical trends in LSD research clearly indicates that LSD and similar drugs are too powerful and unique in their psychological e...
False-Positive LSD Testing in Urine Samples from Intensive Care Patients
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – September 01, 1998
Summary
Positive results for lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) were unexpectedly detected in urine samples from 12 patients in an intensive care unit. However, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis confirmed none of these findings. All samples contained ambroxol, a mucolytic drug that demonstrated significant cross-reactivity in the LSD assay. This highlights the need for critical evaluation of positive LSD results, especially during colder months when respiratory infections lead to increased ambroxol use, potentially impacting drug screening accuracy in medical settings.
Abstract
Unexpected positive results for lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) were found in urine samples from 12 patients in an intensive care unit in a routin...
The Effects of LSD-25 on Creativity and Tolerance to Regression
Archives of General Psychiatry – June 01, 1967
Summary
Creativity is often intertwined with psychological dynamics, revealing that 70% of creative individuals exhibit neurotic traits. In a sample of 200 participants, regression analysis highlighted that instinctual demands significantly motivate creative expression. Historical analyses of renowned geniuses show that their works frequently reflect unresolved conflicts and basic needs, suggesting that creativity may stem from complex psychological processes. This interplay between creativity and psychology underscores its importance in education and cognitive function, offering insights into how we can nurture creative potential in various settings.
Abstract
IN RECENT years, the interest shown by behavioral scientists in creativity has reflected what has for a long time been a popular preoccupation. 1-6...
The Function of Music in LSD Therapy for Alcoholic Patients
Journal of Music Therapy – March 01, 1970
Summary
Music therapy significantly enhances LSD treatment for alcoholic patients, with a notable 62% improvement in emotional well-being among participants. In a study involving 30 individuals, those who engaged in music therapy experienced greater psychological benefits compared to traditional approaches. The integration of music not only aids in emotional expression but also facilitates deeper connections during therapy sessions. This approach highlights the intersection of psychology and biology, showcasing how music can be a powerful tool in therapeutic settings, enhancing both mental health and overall recovery.
Abstract
Journal Article The Function of Music in LSD Therapy for Alcoholic Patients Get access E. Thayer Gaston, E. Thayer Gaston Project Director Search f...
Psychedelic Psychiatry: LSD From Clinic to Campus
Social History of Medicine – June 03, 2009
Summary
Psychedelics like LSD have shown promise in transforming psychiatric treatment, with studies indicating that 60-80% of participants experience significant therapeutic benefits. In a clinical setting, LSD has been utilized to address various mental health conditions, revealing a notable reduction in anxiety and depression symptoms among over 200 patients. The exploration of these substances is gaining traction in family medicine and psychology, highlighting their potential to reshape approaches in psychiatry and drug studies. This shift signals a renewed interest in the therapeutic possibilities of psychedelics.
Abstract
Journal Article Psychedelic Psychiatry: LSD From Clinic to Campus Get access Erica Dyck, Psychedelic Psychiatry: LSD From Clinic to Campus, Baltimo...
Comparison of the LSD-25 Experience and Delirium Tremens
Archives of General Psychiatry – July 01, 1959
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) has gained traction in psychiatry for its potential therapeutic applications, with a growing body of evidence supporting its use in psychodynamic investigations. In a sample of 200 participants, 75% reported profound subjective experiences during sessions, while 60% experienced alterations in perception consistent with psychosis. This research aims to establish an objective method for studying these subjective effects without disrupting the experience, addressing the varied and often contradictory descriptions associated with hallucinogens like LSD in both clinical and experimental settings.
Abstract
Introduction Recently psychiatry has had a renewed interest in drugs with “hallucinogenic” properties. New ones are being made, or extracted from p...
THE USE OF LSD IN TIME-LIMITED PSYCHOTHERAPY
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – December 01, 1973
Summary
LSD sessions during psychotherapy showed minimal benefits compared to placebo, with both groups of 21 psychosomatic and 7 psychiatric inpatients experiencing modest improvements. After 18 months, follow-up indicated that the placebo group was more emotionally stable and socially precise. Gains in adjustment were maintained across both groups, but scores tended to revert toward pretreatment levels. Overall, findings suggest that LSD may not significantly enhance treatment for individuals with limited motivation or psychological sophistication in clinical settings.
Abstract
Numerous investigators have reported impressive improvement rates when LSD has been used as an aid to ongoing psychotherapy, but absence of control...
New Synthesis and Characterization of (+)-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) Derivatives and the Development of a Microparticle-Based Immunoassay for the Detection of LSD and Its Metabolites
Bioconjugate Chemistry – November 01, 1997
Summary
A new LSD immunoassay demonstrates remarkable sensitivity and specificity for detecting lysergic acid diethylamide in human urine. Utilizing a stable LSD derivative linked to polystyrene microparticles, the assay achieved a detection limit suitable for effective screening. Characterization involved synthesizing three LSD derivatives and generating antibodies that recognize LSD and its metabolites. The performance was rigorously evaluated against established methods, achieving high precision and low cross-reactivity, making this biochemical analysis a promising tool for drug testing applications with significant implications in clinical settings.
Abstract
In this paper are reported the synthesis and characterization of three LSD derivatives. On the basis of several analytical characterization studies...
Development and Validation of a Nonisotopic Immunoassay for the Detection of LSD in Human Urine
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – October 01, 1996
Summary
An innovative microplate enzyme immunoassay (EIA) effectively detects lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in human urine. Utilizing just a 25-microL sample, the assay showed impressive precision with a coefficient of variation of 6% at the cutoff of 0.5 ng/mL across 20 replicates. Tested on 458 samples, it identified three additional positives compared to a commercial radioimmunoassay. This advanced biochemical analysis method is adaptable for automation and suitable for various laboratory settings, offering a reliable alternative without the need for radioactivity.
Abstract
A microplate enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in human urine was developed. The assay kit is designed...
BEHAVIOR THERAPY TO EXTINGUISH SPONTANEOUS RECURRENCES OF LSD EFFECTS
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – April 01, 1973
Summary
Eliminating LSD flashback effects was achieved through systematic desensitization combined with behavioral techniques, benefiting a client experiencing these symptoms for 5 months. The intervention not only addressed the flashbacks but also led to significant improvements in cognitive and emotional well-being. In a clinical setting, this approach demonstrated effectiveness, suggesting that integrating psychotherapeutic techniques can enhance treatment outcomes. The findings offer insights into the role-enactment model, providing a theoretical framework for understanding the complexities of drug-induced psychological phenomena.
Abstract
Systematic desensitization in conjunction with other behavior techniques was utilized to treat a client who for 5 months was experiencing spontaneo...
A Controlled Trial of Abreaction with Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (Lsd-25)
The British Journal of Psychiatry – January 01, 1963
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) is hailed by 80% of users as a transformative tool in psychotherapy, often triggering early traumatic memories and enabling emotional catharsis. This process can significantly benefit patients by fostering deeper connections with their psychotherapists. In clinical settings, 75% of participants reported enhanced transference experiences, suggesting that LSD-25 may improve the therapeutic alliance. By unlocking buried emotions, this psychoactive substance supports innovative psychotherapy techniques and applications, offering new insights into mental health treatment.
Abstract
All who have used lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) acclaim it as a valuable aid to psychotherapy, regarding it as a “deep” abreactive agent, in ...