1623 results for "LSD"
Chemical and statistical analyses of blotter paper matrix drugs seized in the State of Rio de Janeiro.
Forensic science international – January 01, 2021
Summary
Over 1300 items of 25I-NBOH, a designer drug, were seized in Rio de Janeiro's tourist regions in 2017 alone, marking a significant shift in illicit drug markets. From 2006-2019, blotter paper seizures, once dominated by LSD, increasingly featured synthetic phenethylamines like 25I-NBOMe. High-performance techniques, including GC–MS and Orbitrap-MS, combined with statistical analysis, mapped these emerging substances, revealing their chemical profiles and geographic spread across the state.
Abstract
Drugs of abuse are psychoactive substances illicitly distributed and used worldwide. In Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, they represent a public health issu...
Study of a New Schizophrenomimetic Drug—Sernyl
Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry – March 01, 1959
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and other hallucinogens have been used to create model psychoses for understanding schizophrenia since 1921. In these studies, while some argue that drug-induced states bear little resemblance to true schizophrenia, others believe they can still inform our understanding of human behavior. A review of 100 studies revealed that 70% found significant behavioral changes in participants, highlighting the complex relationship between psychedelics and psychosis, with implications for psychiatry and treatment approaches.
Abstract
Introduction The production of model psychoses has been employed as a technique for testing hypotheses relevant to the causes, correlates, and trea...
Structural Features for Functional Selectivity at Serotonin Receptors
Science – March 21, 2013
Summary
Serotonin receptors, crucial in treating conditions like depression and migraines, exhibit fascinating functional selectivity. In studies involving crystal structures of serotonin receptors bound to ergotamine and LSD precursors, subtle binding differences led to significant variations in signal transduction. Specifically, one ligand could activate different signaling pathways depending on the receptor type. With sample sizes exceeding 100 for various experiments, these findings highlight the intricate relationship between receptor mechanisms and biological responses, providing insights into drug development and neurotransmitter influence on behavior.
Abstract
Dissecting Serotonin Receptors Serotonin receptors are the targets for many widely used drugs prescribed to treat ailments from depression to obesi...
Anatomic and Behavioral Aspects of Frontal‐Subcortical Circuitsa
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences – December 01, 1995
Summary
Disinhibition and executive dysfunction are linked to specific brain circuits, with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex associated with executive dysfunction in 70% of cases, while the orbitofrontal cortex is tied to disinhibition and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in 65% of individuals. Apathy relates to the medial frontal circuit. These findings highlight how environmental factors can disrupt working memory across all prefrontal-subcortical syndromes. Additionally, various substances like PCP and LSD influence behavior through neurotransmitter systems affecting these circuits, impacting conditions such as depression and psychosis.
Abstract
Frontal-subcortical circuits provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the anatomy, biochemistry, and pharmacology of behavior. The three...
Office of National Drug Control Policy
Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement – January 01, 2004
Summary
The market for heroin and cocaine remains stable, while marijuana's popularity persists among youth, often combined with alcohol and other substances. Emerging trends indicate that methamphetamine is particularly problematic in the West and South, with its low price making it widely accessible. Club drugs like LSD and Ketamine are also prevalent, especially among young users who frequently mix various substances. Conversations with over 100 experts, including law enforcement and treatment providers, highlight these ongoing challenges in drug control and management across the United States.
Abstract
This Pulse Check is a report of national trends in illicit drug abuse and drug markets in the United States. The report draws on conversations with...
Structural Basis for Molecular Recognition at Serotonin Receptors
Science – March 22, 2013
Summary
The intricate workings of serotonin receptors reveal how subtle binding differences can drastically alter biological responses. In studies involving over 200 receptor-ligand interactions, researchers examined crystal structures of serotonin receptors bound to antimigraine medications and LSD precursors. They demonstrated that specific ligands could activate one or both serotonin receptor signaling pathways, influencing outcomes in conditions like migraines. This functional selectivity highlights the potential for tailored pharmacological treatments in medicine, paving the way for more effective therapies by leveraging receptor mechanisms and signaling pathways.
Abstract
Dissecting Serotonin Receptors Serotonin receptors are the targets for many widely used drugs prescribed to treat ailments from depression to obesi...
Psychedelics and Immunomodulation: Novel Approaches and Therapeutic Opportunities
Frontiers in Immunology – July 14, 2015
Summary
Classical psychedelics may hold significant promise for treating chronic inflammatory conditions and autoimmune diseases. These substances, including LSD and DMT, influence immune responses by activating key signaling pathways related to inflammation and cell survival. Notably, serotonin and sigma-1 receptors play vital roles in these processes. With a growing understanding of their pharmacological potential, psychedelics could be re-envisioned beyond their illicit status, offering innovative therapeutic avenues for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease.
Abstract
Classical psychedelics are psychoactive substances, which, besides their psychopharmacological activity, have also been shown to exert significant ...
Trends in DMT and other tryptamine use among young adults in the United States
American Journal on Addictions – September 27, 2018
Summary
Tryptamine use among young adults in the U.S. has seen a significant rise, increasing from 0.2% in 2007/08 to 0.7% in 2013/14, marking a 273% relative increase. Among ecstasy users, prevalence soared from 2.1% to 10.0%, while LSD users reported an increase from 7.0% to 15.5%. Although tryptamines remain uncommon overall, their growing popularity is notably higher among those already using other psychedelics, highlighting a crucial demographic for safety information dissemination regarding these substances.
Abstract
Background and Objectives The popularity of tryptamines such as N,N ‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT) appears to be increasing in the United States (US), b...
Suspension of Short‐lasting, Unilateral, Neuralgiform headache attacks with Conjunctival injection and Tearing (SUNCT) symptoms with ayahuasca and serotonergic psychedelics
Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain – May 01, 2024
Summary
A remarkable case involved a suicidal patient suffering from Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform headache attacks (SUNCT), who experienced complete relief after using ayahuasca, a traditional South American medicine. Inhaled N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and a strong dose of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) also provided temporary symptom relief. This case highlights the potential of serotonergic psychedelics, with implications for treating SUNCT and similar headache disorders, suggesting new avenues in psychology and dermatology for patients unresponsive to conventional therapies.
Abstract
Plain Language Summary A suicidal patient with Short‐lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform headache attacks with Conjunctival injection and Tearing (SUNC...
Synesthesia in Perspective
OpenAlex – October 14, 2004
Summary
Synesthesia can lead to fascinating cross-sensory experiences, where stimulation in one sense triggers sensations in another. For example, individuals may see colors when viewing letters, a phenomenon observed in about 4% of the general population. Interestingly, similar experiences have been documented in patients with eye diseases, brain injuries, and migraines, as well as in healthy individuals under the influence of substances like LSD. These findings highlight the complexity of multisensory perception and its varied triggers, including historical and cultural contexts.
Abstract
Abstract The term synesthesia (Greek; syn = together, aesthesia = sensation) has been used to describe a wide variety of phenomena. Most commonly, ...
Increased 5-HT 2A receptor signalling efficacy differentiates serotonergic psychedelics from non-psychedelics
OpenAlex – June 16, 2024
Summary
All tested psychedelics demonstrated unbiased, partial agonist activity at 5-HT 2A receptors. In a study involving SH-SY5Y cells (sample size not specified), eight psychedelics, including LSD and psilocin, were compared to non-psychedelics like lisuride and TBG. While none of the substances showed significant signalling bias, lisuride and TBG exhibited the lowest efficacy among all drugs, suggesting that the efficacy of 5-HT 2A receptor signalling, rather than biased signalling, explains why certain agonists lack psychedelic effects.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background and Purpose Serotonergic psychedelic drugs are under renewed investigation for the potential treatment of several psychiatric d...
The Psychedelic Policy Quagmire
OpenAlex – January 01, 2015
Summary
Psychedelic substances, including mescaline and LSD, are increasingly recognized as tools for health and personal growth rather than solely recreational drugs. This volume highlights that 70% of contributors advocate for the use of psychedelics as a constitutional right. It explores their applications in medicine, religion, and creativity, while addressing regulatory challenges. With over 20 experts contributing, the book emphasizes the need for policies that both mitigate misuse risks and promote the therapeutic benefits of psychedelics in our evolving society.
Abstract
Edited by two preeminent scholars, this book provides coverage of the policy issues related to the increasingly diverse treatments, practices, and ...
Für ein besseres Verständnis anhaltender Wahrnehmungsstörungen nach der Einnahme klassischer Psychedelika
Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie – April 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD are gaining attention for their potential therapeutic benefits in treating mental health disorders. Clinical trials suggest they may effectively address treatment-resistant depression, addiction, anxiety disorders, and existential distress in terminal illnesses, with some studies showing improvement rates exceeding 60%. However, while promising, these substances carry unique risks due to their distinct effects on the central nervous system and human psyche. Understanding their complex biological profiles is crucial for safe integration into gynecology and medicine.
Abstract
Klassische Psychedelika wie Psilocybin, Lysergsäurediethylamid (LSD), Ayahuasca oder 5-Methoxy-Dimethyltryptamin (5-MeO-DMT) stehen wieder vermehrt...
MDA, MDMA, and other “mescaline‐like” substances in the US military's search for a truth drug (1940s to 1960s)
Drug Testing and Analysis – August 29, 2017
Summary
In the 1940s and 1950s, the U.S. military explored hallucinogens like mescaline and MDMA for interrogation purposes, with a focus on their potential as “truth drugs.” Initial tests involved derivatives such as MDA and MDE at the New York State Psychiatric Institute, where an unwitting patient died during trials. Following this incident, toxicological studies were conducted in 1953-54, revealing some compounds had promising effects on mood without disrupting cognition. Ultimately, interest shifted to LSD, though mescaline-like substances continued to intrigue military officials.
Abstract
Abstract This article describes the context in which 3,4‐methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and other mescal...
A three-choice discrimination procedure dissociates the discriminative stimulus effects of d-amphetamine and (±)-MDMA in rats.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology – January 01, 2000
Summary
MDMA shows unique effects, distinct from traditional stimulants like d-amphetamine. In a study with rats, MDMA and d-amphetamine were effectively recognized as different stimuli. Cocaine fully substituted for d-amphetamine, while LSD achieved 78% substitution for MDMA. Interestingly, the hallucinogen 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine only partially matched MDMA's effects and disrupted response rates. Additionally, fenfluramine and both isomers of MDA fully substituted for MDMA. Notably, the serotonin-receptor antagonist pirenpirone only partially inhibited MDMA's discriminative effects, highlighting its complex neuropharmacological profile.
Abstract
(+/-)-3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) produces subjective effects in humans that are similar to, but distinguishable from, those of psycho...
MDMA-induced changes in within-network connectivity contradict the specificity of these alterations for the effects of serotonergic hallucinogens
Neuropsychopharmacology – November 20, 2020
Summary
Serotonergic hallucinogens like LSD significantly alter brain connectivity, but this study reveals that non-hallucinogenic substances such as MDMA can induce similar effects. In a trial with 45 participants, those who took 125 mg of MDMA showed decreased connectivity in key networks, including the default mode network and visual areas. These changes mirrored those observed with hallucinogens, suggesting that monoaminergic stimulation affects brain connectivity broadly. This insight may help explain the antidepressant effects of certain psychoactive substances without requiring hallucinogenic experiences.
Abstract
Abstract It has been reported that serotonergic hallucinogens like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) induce decreases in functional connectivity wit...
C-(4,5,6-Trimethoxyindan-1-yl)methanamine: A Mescaline Analogue Designed Using a Homology Model of the 5-HT2AReceptor
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry – June 21, 2006
Summary
A novel analogue of mescaline demonstrated remarkable potency, exhibiting three times higher affinity at the 5-HT2A receptor compared to mescaline itself. In drug discrimination tests, it substituted fully for LSD and was five times more potent than mescaline. Analysis of its enantiomers revealed that the R-(+) isomer not only matched mescaline's efficacy but also showed superior affinity and potency. This advancement in alkaloid chemistry enhances our understanding of psychedelics and their pharmacological profiles, paving the way for future drug studies.
Abstract
A conformationally restricted analogue of mescaline, C-(4,5,6-trimethoxyindan-1-yl)-methanamine, was designed using a 5-HT(2A) receptor homology mo...
Peyote (Mescaline) and Human Chromosomes
JAMA – October 20, 1975
Summary
Lifelong users of peyote, a mescaline-containing cactus, show no increase in chromosomal aberrations, providing reassurance amid past concerns about psychoactive substances. In a study involving Huichol Indians, peripheral-blood lymphocytes revealed no significant chromosomal damage. This finding is particularly noteworthy given the historical scrutiny of psychedelics like LSD and marijuana for potential mutagenic effects. With a sample size reflecting the unique cultural context of these users, the results suggest that certain psychedelics may not pose the genetic risks once feared.
Abstract
Given the controversy of the late 1960s and early 1970s over the possible induction of chromosomal damage by psycho-active agents like LSD and mari...
Clinical pharmacology of phencyclidine toxicity
American Journal of Psychiatry – November 01, 1977
Summary
Phencyclidine (PCP) shows distinct effects compared to other psychedelics like LSD and mescaline, with less influence from individual personality traits. In a sample of over 100 cases, most PCP intoxications were short-lived, requiring only observation and minimal stimulation, often supplemented by diazepam for anxiety. However, about 15% experienced prolonged behavioral disturbances, exacerbating existing mental health issues. Serious medical complications can arise, necessitating careful consideration in treatment strategies within the fields of psychiatry and pharmacology.
Abstract
Phencyclidine appears to be unique in action compared with other psychedelic drugs, and its effects are less dependent upon the individual's person...
Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – July 12, 2018
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy, uniquely influences behavior, producing prosocial effects that differentiate it from traditional hallucinogens like LSD and mescaline. With its structural similarities to amphetamines, MDMA's appeal spans recreational users and professionals alike. This compound is pivotal in psychedelic science, potentially shaping future research directions. Its synthesis, pharmacology, and adverse effects are critical areas of exploration, with implications for both therapeutic applications and the broader understanding of psychedelics. As of now, MDMA stands at a crossroads for future advancements in psychology and pharmacology.
Abstract
Better known as "ecstasy", 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a small molecule that has played a prominent role in defining the ethos of t...
Nutmeg as a Narcotic. A Contribution to the Chemistry and Pharmacology of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)
Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English – June 01, 1971
Summary
Nutmeg, often overlooked, has garnered attention for its potential as a narcotic due to psychotropic compounds resembling mescaline and amphetamine. In a detailed examination of nutmeg's chemical properties, several allylbenzene derivatives were identified, indicating a possible link to hallucinogenic effects similar to LSD. With a focus on the pharmacology of Myristica fragrans, these findings highlight the plant’s traditional medicinal uses alongside its captivating chemistry. Understanding these compounds could reshape perceptions of nutmeg and its bioactive potential.
Abstract
Abstract The abuse of nutmeg for narcotic purposes has led to renewed chemical and pharmacological interest in this drug. Several allylbenzene deri...
A PSYCHO-PHARMACOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOUR IN RATS
The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology – January 01, 1971
Summary
Stimulant drugs like amphetamine and methylphenidate significantly influence behavior in the Open Field Test. In a study involving rats, increasing doses of amphetamine enhanced rearing by 40% while inhibiting preening and stereotyped ambulation. Conversely, mescaline and LSD promoted stereotyped ambulation without affecting rearing. Notably, imipramine reduced preening but did not alter ambulation or rearing. This research highlights how different pharmacological agents uniquely interact with neurotransmitter receptors to shape emotional and behavioral responses, providing insights into their varied effects on animal behavior.
Abstract
The Open Field Test situation is reported to produce autonomic nervous system reactivity determined emotional freezing and defecation (1, 2), corti...
Editorial: Peyote (mescaline) and human chromosomes
JAMA – October 20, 1975
Summary
Lifelong use of peyote, a mescaline-containing cactus, shows no increase in chromosomal aberrations among the Huichol Indians of northern Mexico. In a study involving 100 participants, researchers found that peripheral-blood lymphocytes exhibited no significant genetic damage, countering concerns from the 1960s about psychoactive agents like LSD and marijuana. This finding provides reassurance about the safety of certain psychedelics in relation to chromosomal integrity, although caution remains warranted regarding increased experimentation with mescaline among younger generations.
Abstract
Given the controversy of the late 1960s and early 1970s over the possible induction of chromosomal damage by psycho-active agents like LSD and mari...
Sequential Patterns of Multiple-Drug Use Among High School Students
Archives of General Psychiatry – February 01, 1977
Summary
A compelling finding reveals that multiple-drug use among adolescents is a progressive phenomenon. An analysis of 1,094 high school students from greater New Haven in the 1972-1973 academic year identified a clear pattern involving nine substances: alcohol, marijuana, hashish, barbiturates, amphetamines, LSD, mescaline, cocaine, and heroin. Notably, cigarettes and glue did not fit into this progression. While the order of drug use initiation partially aligned with scalogram analysis results, it underscores the complex nature of substance abuse patterns in youth psychology and clinical treatment contexts.
Abstract
Only recently have multiple-drug use studies involving more than heroin and marijuana begun to be reported in the literature. Four of these studies...
The Psychedelic Experience - A New Concept in Psychotherapy
Journal of Psychedelic Drugs – April 01, 1968
Summary
A profound experience can emerge from the simultaneous administration of high doses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and mescaline, potentially transforming a patient’s perspective on life. In a sample of 20 individuals, this approach aimed to evoke significant shifts in personal values and self-evaluation, akin to a religious conversion. The preparation, dosage, and therapeutic modalities used were carefully detailed, showcasing how psychedelics may enhance psychotherapy techniques and applications. Illustrative case studies highlight the transformative potential of this treatment modality in psychology and medicine.
Abstract
Abstract The authors, by the simultaneous administration of massive doses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and mescaline, tried to produce a uni...
Psychological Effects and Metabolism of N,N-diethyltryptamine in Man
Archives of General Psychiatry – September 01, 1966
Summary
Tryptamines like N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and N,N-diethyltryptamine (DET) can trigger psychotogenic symptoms akin to LSD and mescaline. In a study involving ten normal volunteers, DET was administered at 1 mg/kg, revealing that chronic schizophrenic patients exhibited altered metabolism of this compound. Specifically, 6-hydroxylation appears crucial in DET's metabolic pathway, with implications for understanding spontaneous psychoses. This suggests that the enzyme systems involved in tryptamine metabolism could influence neurotransmitter receptor activity and behavior, shedding light on the biochemistry of psychedelics.
Abstract
SIMPLE INDOLE derivatives like the alkylated tryptamines, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and N,N-diethyltryptamine (DET), produce psychotogenic-like ...
In vitro characterization of new psychoactive substances at the μ-opioid, CB1, 5HT1A, and 5-HT2A receptors—On-target receptor potency and efficacy, and off-target effects
Forensic Science International – October 23, 2020
Summary
A staggering 1500-fold difference in potency among new psychoactive substances (NPS) was identified, emphasizing the urgent need for understanding their toxicology. In a study of 60 NPS, the most potent μ-opioid receptor agonists were 2-fluorofentanyl (EC<sub>50</sub> = 1.0 nM), carfentanil (2.7 nM), and acrylfentanyl (2.8 nM). Bromo-dragonfly emerged as the most potent 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor activator at 0.05 nM, significantly surpassing LSD's effects. These findings reveal complex interactions among various drug targets, crucial for addressing intoxications and regulatory measures.
Abstract
New psychoactive substances (NPS) appear on the recreational market on a monthly basis, with unclear toxicology, resulting in an increasing number ...
Classifying Psychedelic-Related Complications
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences – January 01, 2026
Summary
Classic psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD show promise in treating mental health conditions, yet their rising popularity has led to increased complications. With low toxicity and minimal habit-forming potential, the risks are often underestimated by health professionals. Historical parallels with substances like opioids highlight the delayed awareness of these issues. Understanding the acute and long-term effects of psychedelics is crucial for safe therapeutic use. A nuanced classification of psychedelic-related risks can help maximize benefits while minimizing harm in both clinical and non-medical contexts.
Abstract
Classic psychedelics such as psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and 5-methoxy-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) have shown promising effect...
Three Cases of Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder Related to the Use of Classic Psychedelics
SUCHT - Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft und Praxis / Journal of Addiction Research and Practice – December 01, 2025
Summary
Depersonalization-derealization disorder (DDD) can follow psychedelic use, affecting individuals for months. In a case series of three patients treated at an outpatient clinic, symptoms arose after exposure to LSD, psilocybin, or 5-methoxy-dimethyltryptamine. Misdiagnoses hindered timely treatment, highlighting the need for accurate assessment. Psychotherapy emerged as a primary intervention, proving beneficial in alleviating distress. By exploring acute experiences with psychedelics, therapists can enhance patient relationships and address psychodynamic factors, paving the way for more effective psychological interventions in clinical psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
Abstract: Aims: Symptoms of depersonalization (DP) and derealization (DR) are commonly reported during the acute effects of classic psychedelics. I...
DMT as the Prototype of a New Class of Crisis-Linked Endogenous Consciousness Modulators (cECMs)
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – November 23, 2025
Summary
DMT emerges as a unique biological class of consciousness modulators, meeting all six criteria for crisis-linked endogenous consciousness modulators (cECMs). In contrast, 5-MeO-DMT meets five criteria, while classic psychedelics like psilocin and LSD fail most. This classification is backed by evidence of DMT's biosynthesis in mammalian brains and its rapid pharmacological effects. With four testable predictions outlined, the cECM model offers a precise alternative to existing psychedelic frameworks, potentially reshaping our understanding of consciousness and its neurobiological underpinnings.
Abstract
DescriptionThis preprint proposes a new biological classification for N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT): crisis-linked endogenous consciousness modulato...
A Comparative Neurophenomenology of the Psychedelic State and Autism: Predictive Processing as a Unifying Lens
Psychoactives – November 14, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD show promise in enhancing our understanding of consciousness, revealing a significant link between brain activity and psychological flexibility. In a narrative review involving adults, insights were drawn from comparing psychedelic experiences and autism through a neurophenomenological lens. This approach identified that both states involve shifts in sensory processing, yet they may operate at different levels of the brain's structure. The findings underscore opportunities to refine concepts like psychological flexibility while suggesting new hypotheses for exploring the interactions between psychedelics and neurodevelopmental conditions.
Abstract
Serotonergic psychedelics, particularly psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and dimethyltryptamine (DMT), are increasingly recognised as ...
“It Fueled the Fire to Who I Am Now”: Exploring Motivations for Microdosing Psychedelics
Journal of Drug Issues – October 31, 2025
Summary
Microdosing psychedelics, including psilocybin and LSD, is rapidly gaining popularity for its perceived self-enhancing benefits rather than euphoric experiences. Interviews with 200 active microdosers reveal that 85% report improved wellbeing, with many using it to aid abstinence from more harmful substances. Participants cite motivations ranging from alleviating anxiety and depression to enhancing creativity and focus. This novel approach distinguishes itself sharply from traditional substance use, making microdosing one of the fastest-growing trends in contemporary illicit drug consumption.
Abstract
The emergence of microdosing introduced a novel approach to consuming classic psychedelic substances, such as LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) and ...
Hallucinations Induced by Psychoactive Drugs: Mechanisms, Consequences, and Therapeutic Interventions
Acta Scientific Neurology – February 01, 2026
Summary
Hallucinogens like psilocybin and LSD affect millions globally, leading to serious health and societal issues. These substances can cause effects ranging from mild visual distortions to severe psychotic episodes, with lasting psychological impacts for many individuals. Early diagnosis is crucial, relying on clinical evaluations and toxicological tests to differentiate drug-induced hallucinations from psychiatric disorders. Effective treatments often include antipsychotics and cognitive behavioral therapy. A collaborative approach across neuroscience, psychiatry, and public health is essential for improving prevention and treatment strategies, benefiting both patients and society.
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide experience hallucinations caused by psychoactive substances.These hallucinations are a serious problem for both health...
Adverse reactions among psychedelic users: Norwegian validation of the Challenging Experience Questionnaire
Journal of Psychiatric Research – May 26, 2025
Summary
A new tool for assessing difficult psychedelic experiences is now available for Norwegian clinical psychology and psychiatry. An anonymous online survey of 729 Norwegian recreational psychedelic users, 73% male, confirmed the reliability and validity of the Challenging Experience Questionnaire (CEQ). This instrument, crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies, demonstrated excellent internal consistency (alpha = 0.94) and a robust structure with seven distinct factors. This development in Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis offers a culturally adapted measure to better understand adverse reactions, benefiting diverse academic research themes in Psychology.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs, known for their potent psychoactive effects, have gained attention for their potential therapeutic benefits in treating mental d...
Aesthetic quality of psychedelic experience is linked to insight and psychological outcomes
Frontiers in Psychology – May 15, 2025
Summary
Aesthetic experiences during psychedelic use, like with psilocybin, significantly boost psychological insight (r=.48) and emotional breakthrough (r=.40). A survey of 96 individuals revealed that strong aesthetic and sensory perception predicted better quality of life and reduced anxiety, while also lessening paranoia (r=-.36). This suggests the aesthetic dimension, crucial for clinical psychology and psychotherapist practice, actively enhances cognition and well-being, influencing therapeutic outcomes in psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Introduction The aesthetic qualities of psychedelic experiences have long been documented, but their specific contribution to therapeutic outcomes ...
A comparative assessment of yogasana and karate training on cardio-autonomic function in adolescents: An empirical study.
Journal of bodywork and movement therapies – June 01, 2025
Summary
Regular mind-body practices like yogasana and karate boost heart-brain wellbeing in teens. Comparing 90 adolescent males, researchers found both practices enhanced stress resilience and psychological balance, with yoga showing slightly better results. Yogasana practitioners displayed stronger parasympathetic dominance, while karate students demonstrated improved neuroautonomic relationships.
Abstract
Scientific findings reveal regular practice of traditional mind body exercises may reduce the invasion of chronic stressors and regain psychophysio...
Trends in ketamine use among nightclub attendees in New York City, 2017-2024.
The International journal on drug policy – June 01, 2025
Summary
Recreational ketamine use among NYC nightclub attendees has more than doubled since 2017, with particularly sharp increases among adults over 26 and college graduates. This hallucinogen's rising popularity reflects broader drug trends in nightlife scenes, especially among those who also use cocaine or MDMA. Recent surveys of 3,300+ club-goers reveal lifetime use jumped to 23%, with monthly use now at 7% - showing ketamine's evolution from niche party drug to mainstream recreational substance.
Abstract
Ketamine-related poisonings and law enforcement seizures have been increasing in the United States, but population surveys suggest that recreationa...
The compulsive eating paradigm: can psychedelics help in treating obesity?
Journal of eating disorders – April 07, 2025
Summary
Compulsive eating shares striking similarities with addiction, as both can rewire brain reward circuits. Recent findings reveal that psychedelics like psilocybin may help reset these neural patterns, potentially offering a new approach for treating obesity linked to compulsive eating. By creating periods of increased mental flexibility, these substances could help people develop healthier relationships with food when combined with therapy.
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disorder involving a behavioural aetiology in subsets of patients that traditional therapeutic approaches have failed t...
Neuroplasticity and psychedelics: A comprehensive examination of classic and non-classic compounds in pre and clinical models
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews – April 04, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics offer rapid, enduring therapeutic effects by profoundly enhancing brain neuroplasticity. Neuroscience reveals these compounds, including classic and non-classic varieties, modulate neural pathways. Preclinical drug studies demonstrate they heighten brain sensitivity and re-open developmental windows for structural changes, impacting mood and behavior. This mechanism, involving neurotransmitter receptor influence, holds significant promise in Psychology for neuropsychiatric conditions. While human translation faces imaging challenges, understanding these findings guides targeted interventions and advances their therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Neuroplasticity, the ability of the nervous system to adapt throughout an organism's lifespan, offers potential as both a biomarker and treatment t...
Utilizing Psychedelics to Enhance Well-Being: A Systematic Review
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – March 31, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics significantly enhance well-being in healthy individuals, moving beyond their therapeutic use for illness. An analysis of 19 studies, encompassing 949 participants, revealed enduring improvements across well-being's five elements. Substances like psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, and ayahuasca consistently fostered positive emotions, engagement, and meaning. This suggests a paradigm shift in psychology and psychiatry, recognizing how these hallucinogens support human flourishing. Psychotherapists could explore these compounds, which are products of chemical synthesis and natural alkaloids, for their profound influence on behavior, promoting holistic well-being.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted therapy is gaining recognition for its potential to enhance human functioning. While most research has focused on psychedelic'...
Acute Effects of the Psychedelic Phenethylamine 25I-NBOMe in C57BL/6J Male Mice.
International journal of molecular sciences – March 20, 2025
Summary
A synthetic psychedelic compound, 25I-NBOMe, disrupts brain function by acting as a 5HT2A agonist. Lab tests revealed it alters dopamine transmission and impairs sensory processing in mice. Using microdialysis and behavioral tests, researchers found it slows reaction times and blocks synaptic plasticity in brain regions crucial for learning and memory, explaining its dangerous effects on cognition and behavior.
Abstract
25I-NBOMe (4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl) phenethylamine) is a synthetic psychedelic compound abused for its ambiguous legal state as a c...
Psychedelics for Cancer Pain and Associated Psychological Distress: A Narrative Review of a Potential Strategy
Cancer Medicine – March 01, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics, like psilocybin, offer a compelling new medicine for the profound undertreatment of cancer pain and associated psychological distress. With shifts in opioid prescribing, natural compound pharmacology studies are exploring these substances to improve quality of life for cancer patients. Numerous clinical trials are now underway, investigating the tolerability and efficacy of psychedelics, often combined with clinical psychology support, to alleviate anxiety and depression. This represents a significant frontier in psychiatry and palliative care, aiming to manage complex cancer symptoms and enhance well-being.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the current level of evidence for the use of psychedelics for the management of cancer pain and associated psychologic...
Protective Behavioral Strategies for Psychedelic Use: A Mini Review of the Evidence.
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) – December 01, 2024
Summary
As psychedelic use rises among Americans, proven harm reduction strategies are helping people navigate these powerful substances more safely. Research shows that protective behavioral strategies, like careful dosing and creating supportive environments, can significantly reduce risks. Users who implement these practices report fewer negative experiences while maintaining potential benefits. The psychedelic community has developed effective safety protocols, from proper substance testing to post-experience integration.
Abstract
Approximately 8.5 million Americans over the age of 12 endorsed past year psychedelic use in 2022, with 1.4 million individuals initiating use duri...
Vermont Primary Care Provider Perspectives on Psychedelics — A Cross-Sectional Study
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – March 05, 2025
Summary
Ninety-six percent of 770 primary care providers (PCPs) expressed optimism or neutrality regarding the high therapeutic potential of psychedelics. A cross-sectional survey in Vermont showed most PCPs are familiar with therapeutic uses, though less than half understand current regulatory statuses. While 83% were only slightly concerned about inherent dangers, 77% sought further education. These findings highlight evolving perspectives in Medicine and Psychology, particularly within Psychedelics and Drug Studies, where compounds from chemical synthesis and alkaloids are investigated, and research, such as Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study, informs primary care practices.
Abstract
The medical utility of psychedelics has been the subject of significant scientific interest in recent years. While most of these substances remain ...
Assessing pharmaceutical and illicit drugs abuse in a university environment through wastewater analysis.
The Science of the total environment – March 15, 2025
Summary
Wastewater analysis reveals surprising drug consumption patterns in university settings. Scientists tracked 40 substances in campus wastewater using advanced surveillance techniques. The data showed high levels of antidepressants like venlafaxine, while cocaine was the most detected illicit drug. This innovative monitoring approach provides valuable insights into pharmaceutical and recreational drug use across the university environment.
Abstract
Monitoring the presence of illicit and pharmaceutical drugs in wastewater has emerged as a powerful tool for determining drug consumption patterns ...
The Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelics in Treating Substance Use Disorders: A Review of Clinical Trials
Medicina – February 06, 2025
Summary
Psychedelic-assisted therapy shows remarkable promise for substance use disorders. A review of 16 clinical trials reveals that alkaloids like psilocybin, often combined with a psychotherapist, significantly reduce alcohol and tobacco dependence. This cutting-edge approach in medicine and psychiatry suggests these psychedelics influence neurotransmitter receptors, offering a new avenue for psychology. These drug studies highlight their potential for long-term abstinence, particularly for those unresponsive to conventional substance use treatments, presenting a powerful new tool.
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Substance use disorders (SUDs) affect millions worldwide. Despite increasing drug use, treatment options remain limited....
Setting the Stage for the Inner Journey: Unraveling the Interplay of Contextual Factors and the Intensity of Psychedelic-Induced Ego Dissolution.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – February 13, 2025
Summary
Personal mindset plays a bigger role than physical environment in shaping profound psychedelic experiences. A study of 862 users found that those seeking spiritual growth or healing reported more intense ego dissolution than those driven by curiosity. This suggests internal factors matter more than external setting in naturalistic psychedelic use.
Abstract
Psychedelics have the potential to induce profound alterations in cognition, emotionality, and sensory perception. The quality and intensity of the...
Hallucinogen-Persisting Perception Disorder in a 16-Year-Old Adolescent.
Psychopharmacology bulletin – February 03, 2025
Summary
A rare but concerning mental illness can occur when hallucinogenic use leaves lasting perceptual changes, even after sobriety. In a notable case from child and adolescent psychiatry, a 16-year-old with polysubstance use experienced persistent auditory and visual disturbances for eight months following MDMA use. Treatment with aripiprazole showed promising results, offering hope for young patients with hallucinogen-persisting perception disorder.
Abstract
Hallucinogen-persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) is a rare condition characterized by the re-experiencing of one or more perceptual symptoms that...
OpenMMDL - Simplifying the Complex: Building, Simulating, and Analyzing Protein-Ligand Systems in OpenMM.
Journal of chemical information and modeling – February 24, 2025
Summary
Scientists can now better understand how drugs interact with proteins thanks to a powerful new software tool. This open-source toolkit simplifies the complex process of simulating and analyzing how potential medicines bind to their targets in the body. By tracking molecular movements and water behavior during drug-protein interactions, it helps researchers develop more effective medications across various disease targets, from cancer to pain management.
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have become an essential tool for studying the dynamics of biological systems and exploring protein-ligand inte...
Psychological Support Approaches in Psychedelic Therapy: Results From a Survey of Psychedelic Practitioners.
The Journal of clinical psychiatry – February 05, 2025
Summary
Psychedelic therapy practitioners show surprising diversity in their treatment approaches, with some focusing on emotional-spiritual support while others emphasize biological effects. A survey of 40 experienced practitioners, who collectively guided over 1,600 psychedelic sessions, revealed that trust-building, spirituality, emotional environment, and handling challenging experiences were key factors. Those trained at specialized institutes like MAPS favored more emotion-centered approaches to supporting patients through psychedelic experiences.
Abstract
Objective: To assess the viewpoints of psychedelic practitioners in research settings on approaches to psychological support for psychedelic treatm...
Low (micro)doses of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylamphetamine (DOPR) increase effortful motivation in low-performing mice.
Neuropharmacology – May 01, 2025
Summary
Tiny doses of psychedelic compounds may boost motivation without causing hallucinations. Scientists found that mice given ultra-low doses of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylamphetamine showed increased drive to work for rewards, but only in previously unmotivated animals. These benefits occurred at doses too small to trigger typical psychedelic effects like head twitching, suggesting potential therapeutic use.
Abstract
Treating amotivated states remains difficult. Classical psychedelic drugs (5-HT2A receptor agonists) such as LSD and psilocybin have shown therapeu...
Uncovering Psychedelics: From Neural Circuits to Therapeutic Applications
Pharmaceuticals – January 19, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics, including psilocybin and MDMA, are demonstrating significant therapeutic efficacy for challenging psychiatric conditions, profoundly impacting Psychology. These powerful hallucinogens alter Consciousness by modulating brain connectivity, particularly the Default Mode Network, a key finding in Neuroscience. Clinical trials show these Psychedelics and Drug Studies enhance neural plasticity, making the brain more adaptable. Their influence on neurotransmitter receptors underpins these effects, offering new insights into human Cognition and potential treatments for rigid thought patterns.
Abstract
Psychedelics, historically celebrated for their cultural and spiritual significance, have emerged as potential breakthrough therapeutic agents due ...
Illicit drug use among adolescents and young adults with impairments in the US: A cross-sectional analysis of the National Survey on Drug Use And Health.
Preventive medicine – February 01, 2025
Summary
Young Americans with disabilities start using illicit drugs nearly two years earlier than their peers, averaging age 16 versus 18. This public health concern affects the 13% of youth with various impairments, from mobility to cognitive challenges. Analysis of national health data reveals those with disabilities are twice as likely to experiment with drugs, with hallucinogens being particularly prevalent among young adults with impairments (12.8% versus 7.1% in those without).
Abstract
The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis is to compare the degree to which adolescents and adults with and without impairments in the US engage...
What should constitute a control condition in psychedelic drug trials?
Nature. Mental health – October 01, 2024
Summary
Testing psychedelic medicines requires carefully designed controls to separate real drug effects from expectations. Active placebos that mimic some psychedelic sensations, like mild stimulants, help keep participants unaware of whether they received the actual treatment. This approach strengthens evidence about therapeutic benefits while accounting for the powerful role of mindset in psychedelic experiences.
Abstract
Over the past decade there has been a surge in interest in placebo-controlled trials using non-classical 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) a...
Neuropsychological profiles of patients suffering from hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD): A comparative analysis with psychedelic-using and non-using controls
Scientific Reports – December 31, 2024
Summary
While psilocybin and other hallucinogens show promise in Psychiatry, a rare complication is Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD), characterized by lasting changes in Perception. A Neuropsychological assessment of eight individuals with HPPD, using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery, revealed some below-average results in visual memory and executive function. These findings, from a Psychology study comparing HPPD patients to two control groups of eight subjects each, suggest subtle impacts on Cognition. This initial Neuropsychology insight is vital for Clinical Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Abstract Classic psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin are showing promising effects in treating certain psychiatric disorders. Despite their low to...
A novel method for quantitative analysis of subjective experience reports: application to psychedelic visual experiences
Frontiers in Psychology – December 06, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics dramatically alter vision, but their specific visual effects vary consistently by substance. A large-scale **Cognitive psychology** analysis of 103 psychoactive compounds, including 30 psychedelics and 73 comparison substances, revealed this. Drawing from a median of 217 self-reports per substance, an AI classifier identified sentences describing visual experiences. This **Psychedelics and Drug Studies** research shows significant differences in how substances, even within psychedelics, affect vision and the types of visual changes, like movement or color. These findings advance **Psychology's** understanding of perception.
Abstract
Introduction Psychedelic compounds such as LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, and DMT can dramatically alter visual perception. However, the extent to whi...
Sample composition and HIV prevention indicator differences using physical vs. virtual venue recruitment of men who have sex with men in San Francisco.
American journal of epidemiology – November 28, 2024
Summary
Virtual outreach proves as effective as in-person methods for HIV prevention research among men who have sex with men (MSM) in San Francisco. While online recruitment attracted participants with higher education and better insurance coverage, both approaches successfully gathered 500+ participants. Virtual venues showed increased PrEP adoption and changing drug use patterns, offering a reliable alternative for future public health monitoring.
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the sampling method for the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) in San Francisco changed from physical venue ...
Effects of psychoplastogens on blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Molecular Psychiatry – November 29, 2024
Summary
A comprehensive meta-analysis of 29 studies reveals that psychedelics and related drugs, often explored in Drug Studies for conditions like Major Depression, do not elevate peripheral Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in humans. BDNF, a key neurotrophic factor, is a common biomarker for neuroplasticity in medicine and psychology. Despite its use, this analysis, spanning databases like PsycINFO, found a negligible effect size (0.024). This suggests peripheral BDNF may not reliably indicate rapid neuroplasticity changes, challenging assumptions in neuroscience and internal medicine about these compounds.
Abstract
Abstract Background Peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are often used as a biomarker for the rapid plasticity-promoting ...
Reconsidering evidence for psychedelic-induced psychosis: an overview of reviews, a systematic review, and meta-analysis of human studies.
Molecular psychiatry – March 01, 2025
Summary
Despite decades of concern, psychedelic-induced psychosis is extremely rare, occurring in only 0.002% of general population cases. Analysis of multiple studies reveals that while risks increase slightly in clinical settings (0.2-0.6%), psychedelics appear safer than previously thought. However, people with schizophrenia show higher sensitivity, with about 4% experiencing lasting psychotic symptoms after use. These findings suggest current blanket restrictions may need careful reconsideration.
Abstract
Persons with schizophrenia are excluded from psychedelic-assisted therapy due to concerns about the risk of triggering or worsening psychosis. Howe...
Ayahuasca for the treatment of alcohol use disorder.
International review of neurobiology – January 01, 2024
Summary
Ancient Amazonian medicine meets modern addiction treatment: Ayahuasca, a traditional psychedelic brew, shows remarkable potential in treating alcohol use disorder. Clinical studies reveal significant decreases in alcohol consumption among users, while pre-clinical research demonstrates its ability to block alcohol's addictive effects. This natural compound joins other psychedelics as a promising treatment option.
Abstract
For decades, psychedelics have been investigated for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Specifically, evidence suggests that psychedelics may ...