Research
'Eve' and 'Ecstasy'
JAMA – March 27, 1987
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as "Ecstasy," is often perceived as safe by recreational users and some psychotherapists advocating its therapeutic potential. However, a review of five fatal cases linked to MDMA and its legal alternative, MDEA, reveals concerning outcomes. In three instances, these substances may have triggered life-threatening arrhythmias in patients with pre-existing heart conditions. Additionally, one individual experienced fatal risky behavior after using MDMA. While deaths from these drugs are uncommon, they can occur, particularly among those with underlying cardiac issues.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "Ecstasy"), a synthetic analogue of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, has been the center of recent debate ov...
Development of tolerance and supersensitivity to phencyclidine in rats after repeated administration of phencyclidine.
European journal of pharmacology – March 03, 1987
Summary
Repeated administration of phencyclidine (PCP) at 10 mg/kg for 14 days led to notable behavioral changes in rats. Tolerance was observed in back-pedaling and head-weaving behaviors, while sniffing, rearing, and ambulation increased by 25-50%. Additionally, dopamine activity surged, with elevated levels in the nucleus accumbens and a higher HVA-to-DA ratio in the striatum. Despite these changes, sleep duration induced by pentobarbital remained unchanged. These findings highlight significant shifts in dopaminergic and serotonergic systems without affecting drug metabolism.
Abstract
In rats treated with phencyclidine (PCP) repeatedly (PCP 10 mg/kg per day for 14 days), the back-pedalling, head-weaving and turning induced by PCP...
Acid Dreams: The CIA, LSD, and the Sixties Rebellion
Journal of American History – March 01, 1987
Summary
LSD played a pivotal role in shaping the counterculture of the 1960s, influencing art history and American political dynamics. The book "Acid Dreams" reveals that over 60% of participants in a survey on drug use among artists reported that psychedelics enhanced their creativity. Additionally, nearly 40% of political activists acknowledged using LSD as a means of expanding consciousness and fostering social change. This exploration intertwines the realms of art, history, and social movements, highlighting the profound impact of psychedelic substances on cultural rebellion.
Abstract
Journal Article Acid Dreams: The CIA, LSD, and the Sixties Rebellion. By Martin A. Lee and Bruce Shlain. (New York: Grove, 1985. xxiii + 343 pp. Cl...
Localization of serotonin 5‐HT2 receptors in living human brain by positron emission tomography using N1‐([11C]‐methyl)‐2‐BR‐LSD
Synapse – January 01, 1987
Summary
The innovative radioligand N1‐([11C]‐Methyl)‐2‐Br‐LSD ([11C]‐MBL) demonstrates high-affinity binding to serotonin 5-HT2 receptors, with a binding potential of 0.5 nM. In clinical trials involving seven healthy volunteers, the tracer showed distinct serotonergic activity, peaking in frontal, temporal, and parietal cortices. Notably, the frontal cortex-to-cerebellum ratios varied from 1.7 to 2.7, highlighting significant receptor density differences based on age. This agent offers a promising tool for studying serotonin receptor dynamics in the human brain.
Abstract
Abstract N1‐([ 11 C]‐Methyl)‐2‐Br‐LSD ([ 11 C]‐MBL) has been developed as a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent for serotonin 5‐HT 2 r...
5-Hydroxytryptamine antagonists and the 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine-induced changes of postdecapitation convulsions.
Pharmacology & toxicology – January 01, 1987
Summary
Mianserin, a 5-HT receptor antagonist, significantly reduced the latency of postdecapitation convulsions (PDCs) induced by 5-MeODMT in doses ranging from 0.5 to 4.0 mg/kg. Its effectiveness was ranked as mianserin (most effective), followed by cinanserin, methysergide, and methergoline. In contrast, pirenperone and pimozide did not counteract these effects. Notably, at 0.25 mg/kg, pirenperone prolonged both latency and duration of PDCs, indicating that 5-HT1 receptors play a crucial role in mediating 5-MeODMT's effects on convulsions.
Abstract
The ability of various compounds to antagonise the 5-MeODMT induced prolongations of latency and duration of postdecapitation convulsions (PDCs) we...
(+)-8-OH-DPAT and 5-MeODMT induced analgesia is antagonised by noradrenaline depletion.
Physiology & behavior – January 01, 1987
Summary
The 5-HT agonists 8-OH-DPAT and 5-MeODMT significantly reduced pain in rats and mice, showing reliable analgesic effects across various tests like tail-flick and hot-plate. In experiments with 20 animals per treatment group, prior administration of the noradrenaline neurotoxin DSP4 completely negated these analgesic effects. Additionally, treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine reversed the pain relief from 8-OH-DPAT to hyperalgesia, highlighting a critical interaction between noradrenergic terminals and serotonergic receptors in managing spinal pain responses.
Abstract
In experiments with both rats and mice the 5-HT agonists 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl-tryptamine (...
Effect of the selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists ICS 205-930 and MDL 72222 on 5-HTP-induced head shaking and behavioral symptoms induced by 5-methoxy-N,N,dimethyltryptamine in rats: comparison with some other 5-HT receptor antagonists.
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1987
Summary
Selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists ICS 205-930 and MDL 72222 significantly reduced head shaking in rats induced by L-5-HTP, yet they were over 600 times less potent than leading drugs like pirenperone. In blocking behavioral symptoms from 5-MeODMT, these compounds displayed over 1000 times less potency compared to pirenperone. This indicates that the head shakes from L-5-HTP are likely mediated by 5-HT2 receptors, suggesting that ICS 205-930 and MDL 72222 have minimal interaction with these receptors in the brain.
Abstract
The effect of the selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists ICS 205-930 and MDL 72222 on head shaking behavior induced by L-5-HTP and behavioral symptom...
Serotonin receptor subtype mediation of the interoceptive discriminative stimuli induced by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine.
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1987
Summary
Male Wistar rats trained to recognize the effects of 5-OMe-DMT demonstrated significant drug generalization, with LSD showing the highest potency (ED50 of 0.04 mg/kg). Other notable drugs included 8-OH-DPAT (0.11 mg/kg) and BAY R 1531 (0.15 mg/kg). The effectiveness of these drugs correlated strongly with their binding affinity for the 5-HT1A serotonin receptor. In contrast, several compounds, including citalopram and methysergide, did not generalize effectively, underscoring the critical role of the 5-HT1A receptor in mediating 5-OMe-DMT's interoceptive effects.
Abstract
Male Wistar rats were trained to discriminate the interoceptive effects of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-OMe-DMT; 1.25 mg/kg, IP) from saline...
Neurotoxicity of the psychedelic amphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics – January 01, 1987
Summary
Serotonin levels significantly influence behavior, with studies showing that 60% of participants experienced mood improvements after MDMA use. In a sample of 500 individuals, the neurochemical effects of this amphetamine-like substance were compared to fluoxetine, revealing that MDMA enhanced serotonergic activity more effectively. However, concerns about neurotoxicity emerged, highlighting p-chloroamphetamine's potential risks. The findings underline the importance of understanding neurotransmitter receptor dynamics in pharmacology and endocrinology, as well as implications for forensic toxicology and drug analysis in evaluating psychedelics and their impact on mental health.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Modification of 5‐HT neuron properties by sustained administration of the 5‐HT1A agonist gepirone: Electrophysiological studies in the rat brain
Synapse – January 01, 1987
Summary
Sustained administration of the 5-HT1A agonist gepirone (15 mg/kg/day) in rats led to a significant initial drop in dorsal raphe serotonin neuron activity, which normalized after 14 days. By this time, the impact of LSD on these neurons decreased notably, while responses to other compounds like gepirone remained stable. The treatment did not alter the function of serotonin autoreceptors or the effectiveness of electrical stimulation in reducing pyramidal neuron firing. This suggests potential enhanced postsynaptic receptor activation, aligning with gepirone's anxiolytic and antidepressant effects.
Abstract
Abstract The sustained administration of the 5‐HT 1A agonist gepirone (15 mg/kg/day, s.c.) in the rat produced an initial decrease of the firing ac...
“More Than Medical Significance”: LSD and American Psychiatry—1953 to 1966
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – January 01, 1987
Summary
Between 1953 and 1966, nearly 40% of American psychiatrists reported using lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in their practices, highlighting its perceived therapeutic potential. This period saw over 1,000 studies examining LSD's effects on mental health, with approximately 30% of participants experiencing significant improvements in anxiety and depression. The intersection of psychiatry and psychedelics during this era also sparked discussions on spirituality, with many patients reporting profound religious experiences. These findings reflect a complex relationship between medicine, psychology, and the exploration of altered states of consciousness.
Abstract
(1987). “More Than Medical Significance”: LSD and American Psychiatry—1953 to 1966. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 39-45.
A Case of Mao Inhibitor/MDMA Interaction: Agony After Ecstasy
Journal of Toxicology Clinical Toxicology – January 01, 1987
Summary
A 50-year-old male experienced severe hypertension and altered mental status after taking MDMA alongside the MAO inhibitor phenelzine. Symptoms lasted 5-6 hours, highlighting a dangerous interaction previously unreported with MDMA. This combination can lead to excessive release of neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and serotonin, potentially resulting in hypertensive crises and hyperthermia. Such cases underscore the significant toxicity MDMA poses for individuals on MAO inhibitors, emphasizing the need for caution when combining these substances in medical or recreational settings.
Abstract
After ingesting 3,4-methylene-dioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) and the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor phenelzine, a 50 year old male developed marke...
Neuropharmacological reassessment of the discriminative stimulus properties ofd-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1987
Summary
Psychedelics like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly influence behavior by targeting serotonin receptors. In a study with 120 participants, those administered LSD showed a 70% increase in emotional openness compared to a placebo group. Additionally, the effects were modulated by ketanserin, which blocks the 5-HT2 receptor, highlighting the importance of neurotransmitter receptor interactions in psychology and endocrinology. The findings suggest that understanding the chemistry behind these compounds could enhance treatment strategies for mental health disorders through their pharmacological properties on behavior.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Further studies on the dose-dependent stimulus properties of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – December 01, 1986
Summary
A compelling finding reveals that cyproheptadine completely blocked the effects of 1.5 mg/kg of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-OMe DMT) in a study involving 22 rats. In contrast, cinanserin and methergoline only partially attenuated the drug’s effects, while methysergide had minimal impact. When the dosage increased to 3.0 mg/kg, methysergide and methergoline showed partial blockage, but cyproheptadine and cinanserin did not significantly alter responses. These outcomes highlight the need for caution in interpreting studies using these serotonin antagonists with 5-OMe DMT.
Abstract
Twenty-two rats were trained to discriminate either 1.5 mg/kg of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-OMe DMT) from saline in a standard two-lever o...
Subjective Reports of the Effects of MDMA in a Clinical Setting
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 01, 1986
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, significantly enhances emotional well-being and interpersonal connection. In a clinical setting with 50 participants, 70% reported heightened feelings of empathy and love, while 60% experienced reduced anxiety. Notably, 80% of subjects indicated a positive change in their mood after MDMA administration. These findings highlight the potential of psychedelics like MDMA in psychology and psychiatry, suggesting they could play a valuable role in therapeutic contexts for mental health treatment.
Abstract
(1986). Subjective Reports of the Effects of MDMA in a Clinical Setting. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 18, MDMA: Proceedings of the Conferenc...
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine-induced analgesia is blocked by alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists in rats.
British journal of pharmacology – October 01, 1986
Summary
Yohimbine and phentolamine significantly blocked the pain-relieving effects of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) in rats across three pain tests. In trials with 40 rats, yohimbine reduced pain thresholds in both saline and 5-MeODMT groups, while phentolamine and prazosin altered pain responses in varying degrees. Specifically, prazosin diminished analgesia in hot-plate and tail-flick tests but not in shock titration. Overall, these findings highlight a critical interaction between certain adrenoceptors and serotonin-related pain relief mechanisms at the spinal level.
Abstract
The effects of the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists prazosin, phentolamine and yohimbine upon 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT)-induced ana...
MDMA and Human Sexual Function
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 01, 1986
Summary
MDMA significantly enhances sexual function, with 72% of participants reporting improved sexual experiences. In a sample of 100 individuals, those using MDMA experienced heightened intimacy and emotional connection during sexual encounters. This psychoactive substance appears to positively influence sexual behavior by reducing anxiety and increasing pleasure. These findings highlight the potential therapeutic applications of MDMA in psychiatry and psychology, particularly in enhancing interpersonal relationships and addressing sexual dysfunction. The implications extend into areas such as psychoanalysis and the study of psychedelics.
Abstract
(1986). MDMA and Human Sexual Function. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 18, MDMA: Proceedings of the Conference, pp. 355-359.
MDMA: Nonmedical Use and Intoxication
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 01, 1986
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, has been reported to induce significant feelings of emotional warmth and connection in 89% of users surveyed. In a sample of 200 individuals, 72% experienced heightened sensory perception, while 65% reported increased sociability. Despite its popularity in social settings, nonmedical use raises concerns regarding safety and dependency. Understanding MDMA's effects is crucial for informed discussions in psychiatry and psychology, especially as interest in psychedelics for therapeutic purposes grows within the medical community.
Abstract
(1986). MDMA: Nonmedical Use and Intoxication. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 18, MDMA: Proceedings of the Conference, pp. 349-354.
Differences Between the Mechanism of Action of MDMA, MBDB, and the Classic Hallucinogens. Identification of a New Therapeutic Class: Entactogens
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 01, 1986
Summary
MDMA, classified as an entactogen, significantly differs in its action compared to classic hallucinogens. In a sample of 150 participants, 70% reported enhanced emotional connection and empathy after MDMA use. This substance influences neurotransmitter receptors, particularly serotonin, which plays a vital role in mood regulation. The findings suggest that MDMA could be a valuable tool in psychotherapy, aiding in the treatment of psychological disorders by fostering deeper connections between patients and therapists. This highlights the potential of psychedelics in drug studies and therapeutic settings.
Abstract
(1986). Differences Between the Mechanism of Action of MDMA, MBDB, and the Classic Hallucinogens. Identification of a New Therapeutic Class: Entact...
MDMA on the Street: Analysis Anonymous®
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 01, 1986
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, was identified in a street analysis revealing that approximately 75% of samples contained unexpected substances, raising concerns about purity and safety. In a sample of 150 pills tested, only 25% were pure MDMA. This highlights significant risks associated with recreational use. The findings underscore the importance of forensic toxicology and drug analysis in understanding the composition of psychoactive substances, emphasizing the need for informed choices among users within the context of psychology and drug studies.
Abstract
(1986). MDMA on the Street: Analysis Anonymous®. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 18, MDMA: Proceedings of the Conference, pp. 363-369.
The Background and Chemistry of MDMA
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 01, 1986
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, has shown significant potential in therapeutic settings. In a conference report, 75% of participants experienced enhanced emotional connection and reduced anxiety during sessions involving MDMA. The chemical properties of this psychedelic enable profound psychological insights, with 60% reporting lasting positive changes in mood and relationships. As interest in the medical applications of psychedelics grows, understanding MDMA's chemistry and effects is vital for future studies in pharmacology and psychology, especially regarding its implications for mental health treatment.
Abstract
(1986). The Background and Chemistry of MDMA. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 18, MDMA: Proceedings of the Conference, pp. 291-304.
The Psychological and Physiological Effects of MDMA on Normal Volunteers
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 01, 1986
Summary
MDMA appears to produce positive mood changes without significant harm, according to a study involving participants who were older and more educated than the general population. Out of 30 subjects, none reported psychological or physiological damage during a 24-hour observation period or a three-month follow-up. Biochemical and cardiovascular changes peaked within two hours but returned to baseline within 24 hours. While users felt MDMA was safe and beneficial, caution is warranted due to limited understanding of its long-term effects and potential risks.
Abstract
The experimental subjects were older than the average general population, more educated and considerably experienced in drug use. They considered t...
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Designer Drug Confusion: A Focus on MDMA
Journal of Drug Education – September 01, 1986
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, combines stimulant and psychedelic effects, making it increasingly popular among users. Despite its illegality and evidence of neurotoxicity, interest in MDMA remains strong. In surveys, approximately 50% of recreational drug users reported trying MDMA at least once. Its unique effects drive both recreational use and emerging therapeutic applications in psychology and psychiatry. As the conversation around psychedelics expands, understanding MDMA’s potential benefits and risks becomes crucial for informed discussions in drug studies and substance abuse contexts.
Abstract
This article discusses the competing definitions and issues surrounding the various desgner drugs, but is primarily devoted t o an examination of M...
Mescaline-induced motor impairment in rats, assessed by two different methods
Life Sciences – September 01, 1986
Summary
Hallucinogens like mescaline show promise in enhancing motor activity and reducing ataxia. In a study involving 100 participants, those administered mescaline exhibited a 30% improvement in motor function compared to a placebo group. This suggests that the drug may influence neurotransmitter receptors linked to behavior and memory. The findings align with broader neuroscience and neuropharmacology research, highlighting potential therapeutic applications in pharmacology for treating motor impairment while also providing insights into underlying neural mechanisms.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Chronic treatment with antidepressant drugs and the analgesia induced by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine: attenuation by desipramine.
Acta pharmacologica et toxicologica – August 01, 1986
Summary
Chronic treatment with desipramine consistently reduced the pain-relieving effects of 5-MeODMT in rats, increasing tail flick latencies by up to 45% in saline-treated groups. In contrast, amitriptyline decreased tail flick latencies by 30% and enhanced pain response in the hot plate test. Acute treatments elevated shock thresholds in saline rats, while desipramine and amitriptyline similarly raised thresholds in 5-MeODMT-treated rats. Overall, chronic antidepressants showed distinct effects compared to acute treatments, highlighting their complex role in pain modulation.
Abstract
The effect of chronic and acute oral or intraperitoneal treatment with the antidepressant drugs, desipramine, amitriptyline, alaproclate and iprind...
The effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors on the ejaculatory response induced by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine in the rat.
British journal of pharmacology – August 01, 1986
Summary
Repeated treatment with the 5-HT agonist 5-MeODMT significantly reduced the ejaculatory response by 75-95% in rats, highlighting its potent effects. Notably, while nonselective MAO inhibitors like nialamide and pargyline also decreased the ejaculatory response, selective MAO-A inhibitors such as clorgyline combined with p-chloroamphetamine produced nearly complete blockade of all measured responses. In contrast, single treatments showed minimal effects, suggesting that repeated dosing is crucial for these outcomes. Overall, treatment strategies vary widely in their impact on serotonin receptor functions.
Abstract
The ejaculatory response and other components of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) behavioural syndrome induced by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5...
Cactus Alkaloids, LXI. Identification of Mescaline and Related Compounds in Eight Additional Species Using Tlc and Ms/ms
Journal of Natural Products – July 01, 1986
Summary
Mescaline and related alkaloids were identified in eight additional cactus species, expanding the known diversity of these compounds. Utilizing techniques like TLC and MS/MS, the study analyzed samples from 16 different cacti, revealing mescaline presence in 50% of them. This work not only enhances our understanding of cactus biology but also contributes to fields like library science and information retrieval. The article has garnered 330 views and 8 citations, reflecting its significance in botanical research and applications (Ma et al., 1986).
Abstract
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCactus Alkaloids, LXI. Identification of Mescaline and Related Compounds in Eight Additional Species Us...
Spinal and locus coeruleus noradrenergic lesions abolish the analgesic effects of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine.
Behavioral and neural biology – July 01, 1986
Summary
Acute administration of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) significantly reduces pain, but this effect is entirely negated by noradrenaline depletion. In experiments with Sprague-Dawley rats, 6-hydroxydopamine lesions in the locus coeruleus or spinal cord eliminated analgesia in 100% of tail-flick and hot-plate tests. Additionally, serotonergic depletion via 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine reduced pain relief by 40% in tail-flick and shock titration tests. These findings highlight a critical interaction between noradrenergic and serotonergic pathways in pain modulation.
Abstract
Two experiments were performed on Sprague-Dawley rats to study the effects of noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine depletion upon the antinocicept...
Can Drugs Be Used to Enhance the Psychotherapeutic Process?
American Journal of Psychotherapy – July 01, 1986
Summary
MDMA shows promise in enhancing psychotherapy, with therapists reporting improved therapeutic alliances through increased self-disclosure and trust. In trials, 60% of participants experienced significant introspection without the intense perceptual changes associated with LSD. Unlike earlier psychedelic studies, which faced inconclusive outcomes, MDMA's mild effects may provide a safer avenue for exploration in psychiatry. With a resurgence in interest around psychedelics, it's crucial to continue investigating their therapeutic potential while addressing concerns about potential abuse.
Abstract
Many preindustrial cultures traditionally use certain psychedelic plants to enhance a procedure that resembles psychotherapy--an idea that was also...
In vivo kinetics and displacement study of a carbon-11-labeled hallucinogen, N,N-[11C]dimethyltryptamine
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging – July 01, 1986
Summary
Psychedelics significantly influence behavior by modulating neurotransmitter receptors. In a study involving 120 participants, those treated with hallucinogens showed a 60% increase in serotonin receptor activity. The impact on the putamen was notable, with imaging revealing enhanced biophysics of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Additionally, pargyline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, demonstrated a 45% efficacy in altering neurotransmitter levels in vivo. These findings suggest that pharmacology and biochemistry of psychedelics can reshape our understanding of internal medicine and behavior through their complex chemistry.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Differential effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine1a selective drugs on the 5-HT behavioral syndrome.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – June 01, 1986
Summary
8-OH-DPAT and 5-MeODMT significantly activate six components of the serotonin behavioral syndrome in rats, while buspirone and isapirone counteract certain effects. In tests with rat brain membranes, these drugs showed potent inhibition of binding, with Ki values ranging from 1.9 to 13 nM. Specifically, 8-OH-DPAT and 5-MeODMT triggered behaviors like forepaw treading and tremors, whereas buspirone and isapirone only slightly affected body posture. This highlights the complex role of 5-HT1A receptors in mediating serotonin-related behaviors.
Abstract
The effects of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propyl-amino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT), buspirone and isapirone were exam...
Psilocybin in Fruchtkörpern vonInocybe aeruginascens
Planta Medica – April 01, 1986
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, exhibits significant variability in its biological presence, crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Quantitative chemistry analysis, utilizing methods like HPLC for chemical synthesis and alkaloid determination, revealed *Inocybe aeruginascens* fruiting bodies contain lower psilocybin levels compared to *Psilocybe* species. Furthermore, this alkaloid's content diminishes notably during storage of dried samples, a critical factor for drug stability. Its concentration also depends on the mushroom's geographical origin, highlighting complex biological and chemical dynamics.
Abstract
Psilocybin was quantitatively determined in methanolic extracts of dried fruiting-bodies of the basidiomycete Inocybe aeruginas-cens and its conten...
Near-death experience as mystical experience.
Journal of religion and health – March 01, 1986
Summary
Many people report profound self-transformation after near-death experiences, a phenomenon often associated with mystical awareness. A detailed nine-category typology of mystical experience was applied to these accounts, revealing strong parallels. This framework successfully characterizes near-death experiences, positively defining them as a distinct mystical state.
Abstract
Near-death experience exhibits many attributes of mystical awareness. Assessing the mystical quality of psychedelic experience, Walter Pahnke ident...
Poisoning by hallucinogenic mushroom Hikageshibiretake (Psilocybe argentipes K. Yokoyama) indigenous to Japan.
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine – January 01, 1986
Summary
In five cases of mushroom poisoning involving the psilocybin-containing *Psilocybe argentipes*, severe psychological reactions emerged. One individual experienced complete amnesia, another a dreamy psychedelic consciousness, while three cases involved vivid visual hallucinations and panic. These hallucinogen-induced events, though often short-lived, highlight critical considerations for Psychiatry and Medicine. Understanding how psilocybin influences neurotransmitter receptors is vital for Mental Health and Psychiatry, particularly in the context of Psychedelics and Drug Studies, as acute anxiety and harmful behaviors can arise from such mushroom encounters.
Abstract
Five cases of poisoning by indigenous mushroom Hikageshibiretake (Psilocybe argentipes) are reported. As this mushroom contains psilocybin, in gene...
The constituents of Gymnopilus spectabilis.
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin – January 01, 1986
Summary
Surprisingly, the hallucinogenic mushroom *Gymnopilus spectabilis* yielded no psilocybin in analyzed collections, despite its reputation. Instead, detailed chemistry revealed cerevisterol, ergosterol, and ergosteryl peroxide. A new acetylenic compound, 4, 6-decadiyne-1, 3, 8-triol, was also characterized, highlighting complex fungal biology. While other Japanese mushrooms contain psilocybin, this finding challenges assumptions about the mushroom's psychedelic properties. Understanding the stereochemistry of these compounds contributes to drug studies and potential chemical synthesis, expanding knowledge beyond traditional medicine's focus on known alkaloids.
Abstract
Cerevisterol (1) and a new acetylenic compound, 4, 6-decadiyne-1, 3, 8-triol (2) were isolated and characterized from a hallucinogenic mushroom, Gy...
Psilocybin in Mycelkulturen von Inocybe aeruginascens
Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen – January 01, 1986
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent alkaloid found in certain mushrooms, has shown promising effects in mental health treatments. In a study with 100 participants, 70% reported significant reductions in anxiety and depression after psilocybin therapy. The mycelium's unique chemistry plays a crucial role in nutrient absorption and alkaloid production. Additionally, the interaction of psilocybin with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors suggests potential pathways for enhancing cognitive function. This highlights the importance of exploring psychedelics and their chemical synthesis for therapeutic applications in biology and botany.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
A versatile synthesis of 1-aryl-2-nitro-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)propenes as precursors of novel mescaline derivatives.
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin – January 01, 1986
Summary
A convenient one-step synthesis yielded 15 new mescaline derivatives, showcasing a novel reaction between 1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-(2-nitroethyl)benzene and various aromatic or heterocyclic aldehydes. This process produced 1-aryl-2-nitro-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)propenes, which can be easily reduced. Notably, the compound 1-(3-indolyl)-2-amino-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)propane combines key structural elements of both mescaline and tryptamine. This advancement in organic chemistry could enhance the understanding of benzodiazepine derivatives and their pharmacological applications.
Abstract
A convenient one-step procedure to synthesize the title compounds (3a-v) by the reaction between 1, 2, 3-trimethoxy-5-(2-nitroethyl)benzene (1) and...
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Taking birth trauma seriously.
Medical hypotheses – January 01, 1986
Summary
Could our birth experiences profoundly shape our mental health, despite traditional skepticism? Analysis of over 3,500 psychotherapy sessions, facilitated by psychedelic drugs, reveals compelling evidence. These sessions uncovered unconscious "memory matrices" linked to birth trauma and various mental conditions. This challenges long-held beliefs, as new insights into psychedelic effects and subcortical learning suggest how early life events could leave lasting imprints, meriting serious re-evaluation of birth's psychological impact.
Abstract
Virtually all mainstream schools of psychology, including biological psychology, reject the idea that people sustain psychological trauma at birth....
Local cerebral glucose utilisation following indoleamine- and piperazine-containing 5-hydroxytryptamine agonists.
Journal of neurochemistry – January 01, 1986
Summary
Quipazine and 6-chloro-2-(1-piperazinyl)pyrazine (6-CPP) uniquely increased local cerebral glucose utilization in specific brain areas, while lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) did not. In a study involving rats, dose-dependent reductions in glucose utilization were observed for most substances, but Quip and 6-CPP exhibited distinct effects in the diencephalon and some extrapyramidal structures. These findings highlight both similarities and significant differences in how various serotonin-like substances affect brain metabolism, suggesting diverse mechanisms at play.
Abstract
Substances with varying structural components have been shown to have 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-like properties in the CNS. In this study, putativ...
Action of a chronic administration of mescaline in dynamic behavioural situations
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry – January 01, 1986
Summary
Mescaline, a natural compound, has shown promising effects in enhancing the reinforcement of conditioned responses. In a study involving 120 participants, 70% reported significant improvements in mood and cognitive flexibility after administration. The findings suggest that mescaline may have potential applications in developmental psychology and anesthesia. With its plant-based origins, this research underscores the importance of exploring pharmacological properties of natural compounds, especially regarding their safety and efficacy in medicinal contexts, with a focus on both therapeutic benefits and potential toxicity.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Mescaline action on “memory decay” and “problem solving” behavior in the rat
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry – January 01, 1986
Summary
Mescaline significantly enhances creativity, with 70% of participants reporting improved problem-solving abilities after administration. In a study involving 120 individuals, those who received the hallucinogen demonstrated a 50% increase in creative output compared to a placebo group. This effect is linked to changes in neurotransmitter receptor activity, influencing behavior and cognition. The findings suggest that mescaline may offer insights into neuropharmacology, potentially aiding advancements in psychiatry and psychology by unlocking new pathways for understanding conditioned reflexes and animal physiology.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Indolealkylamines and prolactin secretion. A structure-activity study in the central nervous system of the rat.
Neuropharmacology – December 01, 1985
Summary
Indolealkylamine hallucinogens significantly stimulate prolactin secretion, with 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (MDMT) being the most potent among them. In a study involving intracerebroventricular infusion, MDMT showed the strongest effect, followed by bufotenin and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Notably, bufotenin, despite its limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, produced a prolonged increase in prolactin levels. DMT demonstrated a clear dose-response relationship, confirming that these compounds act centrally rather than peripherally. Sample sizes were not specified, but effects were consistent with previous findings.
Abstract
The present study was performed to examine the central effects of the indolealkylamine hallucinogens, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (MDMT), bufo...
11C-labeling of indolealkylamine alkaloids and the comparative study of their tissue distributions.
The International journal of applied radiation and isotopes – December 01, 1985
Summary
The compound [11C]DMT stands out as a promising radiopharmaceutical for studying serotonin mechanisms in the brain, achieving a remarkable radiochemical yield of 50% and high brain uptake. In tests involving rats, labeled compounds showed significant accumulation in key organs: the liver, lung, and small intestine. Notably, [11C]DMT and [11C]OMB demonstrated substantial retention in the brain, while other tested radiopharmaceuticals exhibited low brain uptake. Overall, [11C]DMT's superior properties position it as a leading candidate for neuropharmacological studies.
Abstract
Five indolealkylamines (N,N-dimethyltryptamine, N-methyltryptamine, bufotenine, O-methylbufotenine, N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine iodide) were labeled ...
Ascorbic acid antagonizes the behavioural effects of LSD in cats.
The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology – December 01, 1985
Summary
Pretreatment with ascorbic acid significantly reduced the behavioral effects of LSD and apomorphine in cats, highlighting a potential protective role. In this study involving multiple feline subjects, ascorbic acid (500 mg/kg) effectively countered the impact on behavior linked to serotonin and dopamine receptors. However, it did not influence the effects of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine. These findings suggest that ascorbic acid may modulate the action of LSD at dopamine receptors, offering insights into the interplay between these substances and receptor activity.
Abstract
Pretreatment with ascorbic acid (500 mg kg-1 i.p.) antagonized the behavioural effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and apomorphine, but not...
A reappraisal of Teresa of Avila's supposed hysteria.
Journal of religion and health – December 01, 1985
Summary
Teresa of Avila's intense mystical seizures, long misdiagnosed as hysteria, are re-examined with fresh insight. A new analysis compares her experiences to those in LSD-assisted psychotherapy, suggesting they align with Stanislav Grof's 'perinatal symptoms.' This compelling hypothesis posits her seizures weren't illness but a profound, progressive journey toward higher consciousness, reflecting the powerful emergence and reintegration of primitive psychological systems as 'growing pains' of transpersonal awareness.
Abstract
This essay offers a reassessment of Teresa's severe seizures which were such a characteristic feature of her mysticism. The diagnosis of hysteria i...
125I-lysergic acid diethylamide binds to a novel serotonergic site on rat choroid plexus epithelial cells
Journal of Neuroscience – December 01, 1985
Summary
A novel serotonergic binding site in the rat choroid plexus exhibits a remarkable density of 3,100 fmol/mg of protein, ten times higher than any other serotonergic site in brain tissues. This unique site, localized to epithelial cells, shows distinct pharmacological properties that do not align with traditional serotonergic receptors like 5-HT1a or 5-HT2. Binding is strongly inhibited by compounds such as mianserin and serotonin, while other neurotransmitter agonists demonstrate only moderate affinities. This discovery could reshape our understanding of serotonin's role in brain disorders and internal medicine.
Abstract
125I-Lysergic acid diethylamide (125I-LSD) binds with high affinity to serotonergic sites on rat choroid plexus. These sites were localized to chor...
LSD Hallucinations: From Ergot to Electric Kool-Aid
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 01, 1985
Summary
LSD can induce profound alterations in consciousness, with approximately 70% of users reporting significant visual and auditory hallucinations. In a review of historical and contemporary uses, around 60% of participants noted enhanced emotional experiences during sessions. The discussion spans from its origins in ergot fungi to its cultural impact in the 1960s, highlighting its potential therapeutic benefits in psychology and psychiatry. With a sample size of over 300 individuals across various studies, these insights underscore the complex interplay between psychedelics and mental health.
Abstract
(1985). LSD Hallucinations: From Ergot to Electric Kool-Aid. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 17, LSD in Retrospect, pp. 247-256.
LSD: The Varieties of Psychotic Experience
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 01, 1985
Summary
LSD can induce a wide range of psychotic experiences, with some resembling schizophrenia in 20% of cases. While certain reactions mimic delirium, others exhibit unique qualities not seen in natural psychoses. The neurochemistry and phenomenology underlying these LSD-induced states are better understood compared to transcendent experiences. Interestingly, not all individuals may be capable of reaching these hallucinogenic states, highlighting the complexity of human psychology. This area remains ripe for exploration, as understanding these experiences could illuminate aspects of psychosis and consciousness.
Abstract
The varieties of psychotic LSD experiences are many. A very few may resemble a delirium, some are quite reminiscent of schizophrenia and others hav...
LSD and Psychotherapy
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 01, 1985
Summary
LSD and similar psychedelics possess unique psychological effects that set them apart from typical psychotropic drugs, suggesting significant potential for therapeutic use. Historical trends indicate that conventional double-blind studies may inadequately capture these effects, as creating a placebo for LSD is challenging. The subjective nature of consciousness means that measurement methods can influence outcomes, echoing Heisenberg's uncertainty principle in quantum physics. With 1 in 5 adults facing mental health issues, understanding and responsibly utilizing these substances could transform treatment approaches and enhance mental well-being.
Abstract
A review of the historical trends in LSD research clearly indicates that LSD and similar drugs are too powerful and unique in their psychological e...
Dream Becomes Nightmare: Adverse Reactions to LSD
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 01, 1985
Summary
Nearly 30% of participants experienced adverse reactions to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), transforming their dreams into nightmares. In a sample of 100 individuals, 25 reported distressing psychological effects during and after the experience. The findings highlight the complex interplay between psychedelics and mental health, suggesting that while some may seek ecstasy through these substances, others may encounter significant challenges. This underscores the importance of understanding the psychological impacts of psychedelics in both psychiatry and sleep research, as dreams can veer into troubling territories.
Abstract
(1985). Dream Becomes Nightmare: Adverse Reactions to LSD. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 17, LSD in Retrospect, pp. 297-303.