1623 results for "LSD"
Efficacy and Safety of Psychedelics in Treating Anxiety Disorders
Ochsner Journal – January 01, 2023
Summary
Psychedelics offer a promising new avenue for treating anxiety disorders. A review of 9 clinical trials, spanning various chemical compounds like LSD and psilocybin, revealed encouraging efficacy in reducing symptoms across conditions like generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety. Patients experienced improved self-perception and social function, with therapeutic effects often lasting weeks. No severe adverse events were reported, suggesting these substances, explored within psychiatry and clinical psychology, could provide a safe and effective alternative in medicine for individuals with treatment-resistant anxiety, panic disorder, or agoraphobia.
Abstract
Background: Anxiety disorders are commonly diagnosed and cause substantial functional impairment. A mixture of pharmacologic and psychosocial treat...
Epidemiology of classic psychedelic substances: results from a Norwegian internet convenience sample
Frontiers in Psychiatry – November 13, 2023
Summary
Most Norwegian adults using psychoactive substances like psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), synthetic compounds or alkaloids, report improved mental health. A sample of 770 individuals revealed 42.3% sought therapeutic benefits, with most reporting improvements in self-perceived symptoms. This epidemiology informs Psychiatry and Psychology on how these hallucinogens impact behavior. While recreation is common, 4.2% experienced adverse reactions lasting over a year, crucial for Clinical psychology and Medicine, highlighting the complexities of psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Objective In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in investigating the use of classic psychedelics such as psilocybin and lysergic acid ...
A simple, quick and non-destructive approach for sampling drugs of abuse in tablets and blotter for qualitative analysis by paper spray mass spectrometry.
Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications – November 23, 2023
Summary
Law enforcement can now identify illegal drugs without destroying evidence, thanks to an innovative "paper rubbing" technique. By simply touching specialized paper to a pill or blotter, forensic teams can detect substances like LSD and synthetic cannabinoids while preserving over 95% of the original sample. This fast, eco-friendly method uses minimal chemicals and provides accurate results, making it valuable for drug enforcement and criminal investigations.
Abstract
This study presents the development of a simple, fast, and inexpensive approach for the direct analysis of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in sei...
Beyond the 5-HT2A Receptor: Classic and Nonclassic Targets in Psychedelic Drug Action.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience – November 08, 2023
Summary
Psychedelic drugs like psilocybin and LSD work through multiple brain pathways, not just the well-known serotonin receptor system. These substances promote the formation of new neural connections and can rewire brain networks, explaining their potential benefits for mental health conditions. While their primary effects occur through serotonin receptors, they also interact with other key brain systems that influence mood and cognition. Scientists are now developing modified versions that could offer therapeutic benefits without hallucinogenic effects.
Abstract
Serotonergic psychedelics, such as psilocybin and LSD, have garnered significant attention in recent years for their potential therapeutic effects ...
The possible place for psychedelics in pharmacotherapy of mental disorders.
Pharmacological reports : PR – December 01, 2023
Summary
Breakthrough research reveals psychedelic compounds like psilocybin and LSD show remarkable potential in treating mood disorders, often working faster than traditional medications. While ketamine opened doors as a fast-acting antidepressant, natural compounds including DMT and 5-MeO-DMT may offer better safety profiles with longer-lasting benefits after just one dose.
Abstract
Since its emergence in the 1960s, the serotonergic theory of depression bore fruit in the discovery of a plethora of antidepressant drugs affecting...
Neuroimaging in psychedelic drug development: past, present, and future.
Molecular psychiatry – September 01, 2023
Summary
Brain scans reveal how psychedelic medicines like psilocybin and LSD work to treat mental health conditions. Modern imaging techniques show these drugs temporarily alter brain connectivity and receptor activity, particularly affecting serotonin systems. This helps explain their therapeutic effects on depression, PTSD, and addiction, while guiding the development of safer, more effective treatments.
Abstract
Psychedelic therapy (PT) is an emerging paradigm with great transdiagnostic potential for treating psychiatric disorders, including depression, add...
Co-use of MDMA with psilocybin/LSD may buffer against challenging experiences and enhance positive experiences
Scientific Reports – August 22, 2023
Summary
Combining MDMA with the hallucinogens Psilocybin or Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) may significantly reduce challenging experiences like grief. In a sample of 698 individuals, 27 co-used these psychedelics, reporting less intense fear and grief, alongside increased self-compassion, love, and gratitude, compared to using Psilocybin/LSD alone. This finding, relevant to clinical psychology and psychiatry, suggests MDMA, a product of chemical synthesis, could enhance therapeutic applications of these compounds. Such insights from drug studies could inform complementary medicine approaches.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) experiences can range from very positive to highly challenging (e.g., fear, grief, and par...
5-HT2AR and NMDAR psychedelics induce similar hyper-synchronous states in the rat cognitive-limbic cortex-basal ganglia system.
Communications biology – July 26, 2023
Summary
Different psychedelic compounds create remarkably similar brain wave patterns, despite working through distinct chemical pathways. Research in rats shows that both serotonin-based psychedelics (LSD) and ketamine-like drugs trigger synchronized, high-frequency brain activity across cognitive and emotional regions. This ultra-precise timing, with signals aligned within 1 millisecond, may explain how psychedelics alter perception and consciousness.
Abstract
The profound changes in perception and cognition induced by psychedelic drugs are thought to act on several levels, including increased glutamaterg...
Translation and Initial Psychometric Evaluation of Spanish Versions of Three Psychedelic Acute Effects Measures: Mystical, Challenging, and Insight Experiences
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – July 14, 2023
Summary
Reliable tools now exist for Spanish-speaking populations to explore the psychological impact of psychedelics like Psilocybin. New psychometric analysis, including confirmatory factor analysis, confirms the construct validity of translated measures for mystical and challenging experiences. Administered to 442 Spanish-speakers (71.5% male; 91.4% Hispanic), these measures showed consistent results, whether participants used LSD (58.4%) or Psilocybin (41.6%). This advances clinical psychology and drug studies, providing vital psychometrics for understanding prosocial behavior changes and subjective hallucinogen effects, aiding future research across psychology, including developmental aspects.
Abstract
This study translated and tested the psychometric properties of acute psychedelic effects measures among Spanish-speaking people. The Psychological...
The Resurgence of Hallucinogen Drugs in Clinical Research.
Revista de investigacion clinica; organo del Hospital de Enfermedades de la Nutricion – January 01, 2023
Summary
Groundbreaking clinical trials reveal that natural and synthetic hallucinogens, from magic mushrooms to LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), show remarkable potential in treating mental health conditions. These substances, including N,N-dimethyltryptamine and peyote, demonstrate powerful antidepressant effects by activating specific brain receptors. Studies show rapid mood improvement and reduced anxiety in patients, with benefits lasting weeks after a single dose.
Abstract
Since the dawn of civilization, ancient cultures have utilized hallucinogens from plants and fungi in the context of religious and healing practice...
The Canadian Psychedelic Survey: Characteristics, Patterns of Use, and Access in a Large Sample of People Who Use Psychedelic Drugs.
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) – June 01, 2023
Summary
A groundbreaking survey reveals that 82% of psychedelic users in Canada report intense positive experiences, with many citing mental well-being and personal growth as key motivations. The nationwide study of 2,045 participants found psilocybin, MDMA, and LSD as the most common substances used. Notably, even among those who faced challenging experiences, over half found value in the difficulty afterward.
Abstract
Recent years have seen a resurgence in clinical interest in, and increased public acceptance of, psychedelic drugs in Canada. However, our understa...
No trip needed for psychedelics to lift mood?
Science (New York, N.Y.) – June 09, 2023
Summary
Psychedelic compounds can boost mood even without causing hallucinations, according to groundbreaking lab research. Scientists found that modified versions of LSD and psilocin target key brain receptors linked to depression while avoiding psychedelic effects. This suggests potential for new antidepressant medications that harness benefits without altered consciousness.
Abstract
LSD and psilocin molecules bind to antidepressant drug targets in the brain, study shows.
Henri Michaux's program for the psychedelic humanities
Frontiers in Psychology – May 16, 2023
Summary
Henri Michaux, a 20th-century French artist, spent a decade from the mid-1950s as a psychonaut, creating five books, dozens of drawings, and a half-hour film charting his profound experiences with mescaline, psilocybin, and LSD. His work, a cornerstone for the emerging psychedelic humanities, offers unparalleled insights into creativity, the politics of psychedelics, and psychedelic mysticism. Michaux's unique esthetic reconstruction illuminates psychological phenomena like altered perception and even déjà vu, contributing significantly to diverse academic research themes including Religious Studies, Spiritual Practices, psychoanalysis, and drug studies.
Abstract
This article presents an analytical reading of the extraordinarily rich cultural production around drugs by the 20th-century French poet, writer, c...
Role of Psychedelics in Treatment-Resistant Depression.
The Psychiatric clinics of North America – June 01, 2023
Summary
Breakthrough findings show that psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD offer new hope for people who haven't responded to conventional depression treatments. Clinical trials reveal that a single guided session with these compounds can provide significant relief lasting months. The pharmacology behind this involves both DMT-containing ayahuasca and synthetic options like MDMA, which help rewire neural pathways linked to mood.
Abstract
There is increasing interest in exploring the therapeutic potential of psychedelics in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Classic psychedelics (...
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Benzydamine-An Affordable Over-the-Counter Drug with Psychoactive Properties-From Chemical Structure to Possible Pharmacological Properties.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) – April 10, 2023
Summary
A common anti-inflammatory medication found over the counter has revealed surprising psychotropic properties similar to LSD when taken in high doses. Benzydamine, typically used to treat mouth and throat inflammation, has unique chemical properties that set it apart from other anti-inflammatory drugs. The medication works differently from traditional inflammation treatments and has gained attention for its potential effects on neuropathic pain and mood alteration.
Abstract
Benzydamine is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with distinct pharmacological properties from other compounds in the same therapeutic class. ...
Among psychedelic-experienced users, only past use of psilocybin reliably predicts nature relatedness
Journal of Psychopharmacology – January 01, 2023
Summary
Experience with the hallucinogen psilocybin uniquely predicts a stronger connection to nature, according to a reanalysis of 3817 participants. While other psychedelics like LSD were examined, only psilocybin reliably predicted nature relatedness. Even among exclusive psilocybin users, increased frequency correlated with greater nature relatedness. This finding, crucial for psychology and clinical psychology, distinguishes psilocybin from other substances, including those like MDMA explored in broader psychiatry and drug studies, suggesting specific therapeutic pathways.
Abstract
Background: Past research reports a positive relationship between experience with classic serotonergic psychedelics and nature relatedness (NR). Ho...
3,4-Methylenedioxy methamphetamine, synthetic cathinones and psychedelics: From recreational to novel psychotherapeutic drugs
Frontiers in Psychiatry – October 03, 2022
Summary
Psychoactive substances offer a promising alternative for psychiatric disorders resistant to conventional medicine. MDMA, Psilocybin, and Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have shown successful outcomes in clinical tests for conditions like PTSD and treatment-resistant depression. This field of Psychiatry and Medicine is exploring both classical psychedelics and hallucinogens like Mescaline, alongside newer recreational drugs such as Mephedrone and synthetic cannabinoids. Pharmacology and Drug Studies investigate their neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior. This review examines these compounds, often analyzed in Forensic Toxicology, for overcoming traditional drug treatment limitations.
Abstract
The utility of classical drugs used to treat psychiatric disorders (e.g., antidepressants, anxiolytics) is often limited by issues of lack of effic...
Use of psychedelics in the Czech Republic: results of recent population surveys.
Central European journal of public health – September 01, 2022
Summary
Nearly one-third of Czech adults have experienced psychedelics or cannabis, with younger males being the predominant users. Recent population surveys reveal that 350,000-430,000 people have tried classical hallucinogens like LSD or psilocybin, while cannabis use is significantly higher at 2.1 million users. Current substance use patterns show similar demographic trends, highlighting shifting attitudes toward psychedelic substances.
Abstract
Different psychoactive substances are widely used in today's society. So far limited data are available on the use of psychedelics in the general p...
Effects of classic psychedelic drugs on turbulent signatures in brain dynamics
Network Neuroscience – January 01, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics profoundly reorganize brain activity. Using a novel framework akin to analyzing turbulent patterns, new insights reveal how compounds like LSD and psilocybin alter brain dynamics. They consistently and distinctively influence a key network involved in self-reflection, effectively "compressing" the brain's functional organization. This understanding of how these powerful chemical substances influence brain hierarchy offers significant implications for developing new psychological treatments.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelic drugs show promise as safe and effective treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders, yet their mechanisms of action are not ful...
Animal Behavior in Psychedelic Research.
Pharmacological reviews – October 01, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics show remarkable effects on animal behavior, offering insights into their therapeutic potential. Research reveals that compounds like LSD and psilocybin affect rodents' motor activity, anxiety levels, and social interactions. While animals display clear behavioral changes, including reduced repetitive actions and decreased anxiety-like symptoms, these responses vary based on testing conditions. The findings help bridge understanding between brain chemistry and potential therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy holds great promise in the treatment of mental health disorders. Research into 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (...
The use of classic psychedelics among adults: a Danish online survey study
Nordic Journal of Psychiatry – September 29, 2022
Summary
DMT demonstrated significantly greater positive effects than LSD and psilocybin, offering key insights for Clinical Psychology. Among Danish adults, classic psychedelics were primarily used therapeutically or spiritually, with users reporting lasting positive impacts. However, this area of Psychedelics and Drug Studies also revealed an association with hazardous alcohol use. Such findings underscore the complex interplay for Psychology and Psychiatry, highlighting diverse academic research themes.
Abstract
Classic psychedelics were mostly used therapeutically or spiritually and had self-reported positive persisting effects, but were also associated wi...
Towards an understanding of psychedelic-induced neuroplasticity.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – January 01, 2023
Summary
Psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin can rewire the brain's neural connections, particularly in areas controlling mood and memory. These substances trigger rapid growth of new neural connections and enhance brain plasticity, especially in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. This helps explain why a single treatment can lead to lasting positive changes in depression and anxiety that persist for months.
Abstract
Classic psychedelics, such as LSD, psilocybin, and the DMT-containing beverage ayahuasca, show some potential to treat depression, anxiety, and add...
Neuroplasticity and Psychedelics: a comprehensive examination of classic and non-classic compounds in pre and clinical models
arXiv Preprint Archive – November 29, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin can rewire brain connections after just one dose, unlike traditional psychiatric medications. These compounds boost the brain's natural plasticity, helping neurons form new pathways and adapt to change. Studies show they create a window of enhanced learning and adaptation, leading to lasting improvements in mood and behavior.
Abstract
Neuroplasticity, the ability of the nervous system to adapt throughout an organism's lifespan, offers potential as both a biomarker and treatment t...
Isness: Using Multi-Person VR to Design Peak Mystical-Type Experiences Comparable to Psychedelics
arXiv Preprint Archive – February 03, 2020
Summary
Virtual reality can induce profound mystical experiences similar to those triggered by psychedelic substances, without the need for drugs. A groundbreaking human-computer interaction (cs.HC) experiment showed that carefully designed VR environments can create transformative group experiences where participants perceive themselves as pure energy, fostering deep feelings of connection and transcendence. Data from 57 participants revealed emotional responses matching those reported in clinical studies of psilocybin and LSD.
Abstract
Studies combining psychotherapy with psychedelic drugs (PsiDs) have demonstrated positive outcomes that are often associated with PsiDs' ability to...
Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelic Compounds for Substance Use Disorders
Preprints.org – October 17, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics are re-emerging as powerful therapeutics for substance use disorders, a major challenge in Psychology and Medicine. Despite historical barriers, renewed interest focuses on compounds like psilocybin, ketamine, LSD, and MDMA. This review examines emerging evidence for these substances, along with ayahuasca, ibogaine, and peyote, in addiction treatment. Their unique chemical synthesis and influence on neurotransmitter receptors offer novel pathways. These drug studies aim for more holistic approaches, enhancing patient adherence and therapeutic efficacy, moving beyond traditional paradigms.
Abstract
Psychedelics have recently (re)emerged as therapeutics of high potential for multiple mental health conditions, including substance use disorders (...
The Intersection of Psychedelics and Sleep: Exploring the Impacts on Sleep Architecture, Dream States, and Therapeutic Implications
ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science – May 15, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, LSD, and DMT profoundly alter **sleep architecture**, impacting **dream** recall. One investigation with 75 participants observed a 30% reduction in REM latency and a 20% increase in dream vividness. These **alkaloids**, products of complex **chemical synthesis**, demonstrate **neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior**, offering new insights into **psychology**. The **intersection** of these **drug studies** and fundamental **sleep** processes reveals therapeutic potential for sleep disorders, a critical area for understanding human consciousness.
Abstract
The interplay between psychedelics, such as psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and sleep is an emerging are...
Potential therapeutic effects of psychedelics in small doses: Is there a role for microdosing in psychiatry?
International review of neurobiology – January 01, 2025
Summary
Remarkably, very small doses of psychedelics like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin show promise in psychiatry. Studies reveal subtle impacts on neurobiology and physiology, positively influencing mood and cognition. These small doses can also affect one's subjective state, demonstrating potential in reducing symptoms of depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Abstract
Clinical trials using full doses of psychedelics have provided preliminary evidence supporting their safety and efficacy in treating a variety of p...
Psychedelika-assistierte Psychotherapie
Die Psychotherapie – February 15, 2024
Summary
Since 2014, Switzerland has remarkably integrated psychedelics into therapy, issuing over 1000 special permits to approximately 60 psychotherapists for 2000-3000 treatments. This resurgence, a focus of modern Drug Studies, sees compounds like LSD (a product of chemical synthesis), MDMA, and psilocybin (an alkaloid) revolutionizing Psychology. These carefully structured interventions offer new avenues for mental health, building on diverse psychotherapeutic traditions. While distinct from classical Psychoanalysis, this approach emphasizes ethical standards and quality assurance, setting a compelling precedent for international practice. It broadens the scope of psychological care.
Abstract
Zusammenfassung Seit den späten 1990er-Jahren erfahren Psychedelika eine Renaissance und ziehen international vermehrt die Aufmerksamkeit auf sich....
Twenty percent better with 20 micrograms? A qualitative study of psychedelic microdosing self-rapports and discussions on YouTube
Harm Reduction Journal – November 28, 2019
Summary
Microdosing psychedelics, predominantly LSD and psilocybin, appears to offer significant therapeutic benefits, particularly for depression. A thematic analysis of online discussions reveals users report predominantly positive effects for various psychological and medical conditions. This applied psychology insight suggests microdosing, a practice within pharmacology and drug studies, provides a complementary approach, potentially mirroring full-dose benefits with reduced risks. Social interactions foster comprehension, offering strategies and emotional support. The user's intentions for engaging with these chemical synthesis and alkaloids significantly influence outcomes.
Abstract
Abstract Background Psychedelic microdosing is the trending practice of using tiny repeated doses of psychedelic substances to facilitate a range o...
The neuroreceptors and transporters underlying spontaneous brain activity.
Communications biology – July 30, 2025
Summary
Our brains' spontaneous activity, crucial for thought, is driven by complex interactions of neuroreceptors. A new modeling framework, using detailed maps of 19 neuroreceptors and transporters, successfully predicts brain activity patterns. It revealed two key neuroreceptor networks influencing higher-order thought and sensory processing. This approach accurately reflects drug effects like LSD and Modafinil and identifies neuroreceptor links to neuropsychiatric conditions, offering profound insights into brain function.
Abstract
Determining the neuromodulators driving brain activity is critical for understanding cognition and neuropathology. Neuromodulators act through neur...
Psychedelic use in individuals living with eating disorders or disordered eating: findings from the international MED-FED survey.
Journal of eating disorders – July 24, 2025
Summary
Over 30% of people with an eating disorder report lifetime psychedelic use, often finding profound transformation. A large survey explored how individuals with conditions like Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa, Binge eating disorder, or even ARFID use substances such as LSD, Psilocybin (Magic mushrooms), or DMT. Positive reports included increased connectedness and new insights into their eating disorder symptoms, highlighting potential benefits from psychedelic experiences.
Abstract
There are few effective treatments for eating disorders (EDs), and new interventions are urgently needed. The MEDication and other drugs For Eating...
The use patterns of novel psychedelics: experiential fingerprints of substituted phenethylamines, tryptamines and lysergamides.
Psychopharmacology – June 01, 2022
Summary
Users of certain novel psychedelic compounds, like tryptamines and lysergamides, experience fewer physical side effects than those using phenylethylamines. Researchers surveyed nearly 1200 individuals on their use of novel psychoactive substances, including hallucinogens such as 2C-B (a phenylethylamine), 1P-LSD (a lysergamide), and 4-AcO-DMT (a tryptamine). Findings showed distinct usage patterns and, positively, fewer physical adverse events for tryptamine and lysergamide users. This suggests different classes of these psychedelic substances may offer unique safety profiles and subjective experiences.
Abstract
Novel psychedelics (NPs) are an expanding set of compounds, presenting new challenges for drug policy and opportunities for clinical research. Unli...
History and future of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS).
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2014
Summary
Born from a 1980s vision that psychedelics could aid humanity, one organization pioneered rigorous MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD. They achieved positive results in the first double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, with FDA approval planned. Their research expanded to LSD for anxiety, ibogaine for addiction, and MDMA for autism's social anxiety, building a future where these substances foster healing and growth.
Abstract
This article describes the teenage vision of the founder of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) that humanity's future...
Evaluation of the transport, in vitro metabolism and pharmacokinetics of Salvinorin A, a potent hallucinogen.
European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V – June 01, 2009
Summary
Salvinorin A, a potent hallucinogen, rivals LSD in strength. Research explored how the body handles this unique compound. Using cell models and animal studies, scientists investigated its transport and breakdown. Findings revealed it is rapidly transported across cell membranes and metabolized by several key enzymes. In animals, it was quickly eliminated from the body, with a short brain half-life, explaining its fast onset and brief effects. This clarifies the mechanisms behind its potent, fleeting action.
Abstract
Salvinorin A is an unregulated potent hallucinogen isolated from the leaves of Salvia divinorum. It is the only known non-nitrogenous kappa-opioid ...
Determination of salvinorins and divinatorins in Salvia divinorum leaves by liquid chromatography/multistage mass spectrometry.
Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM – January 01, 2006
Summary
Salvinorin A, a naturally occurring hallucinogen rivalling LSD in potency, is a key compound in Diviner's sage. A sophisticated analytical approach, combining liquid chromatography with multistage mass spectrometry, precisely identified and quantified six salvinorins and three divinatorins within the plant's leaves. This powerful method effectively separates and measures these unique diterpenes, showcasing its diagnostic excellence for natural organic products.
Abstract
Salvinorin A is the most potent naturally occurring hallucinogen known and rivals synthetic LSD in potency. Structurally it belongs to the neoclero...
Bufotenine: toward an understanding of possible psychoactive mechanisms.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2000
Summary
Bufotenine, a compound chemically similar to LSD, actively binds to brain receptors linked to hallucinogenic effects. Neuropharmacology reviews and computer models show it strongly activates serotonin receptors (5-HT2A and 5-HT2C). This suggests its psychoactive potential is likely masked by difficulty crossing the blood-brain barrier, rather than a lack of intrinsic ability to engage brain pathways. These positive results highlight its direct interaction with relevant brain receptors.
Abstract
A review of the neuropharmacology of the alleged hallucinogen bufotenine is presented, including recent experimental results showing activity simil...
Psychedelic use in Poland: prevalence, correlates and social attitudes
Postępy Psychiatrii i Neurologii – January 01, 2025
Summary
A compelling finding shows 6% of Polish adults have used classic psychedelics, such as LSD and psilocybin mushrooms, predominantly young men in urban areas. This significant engagement with these substances, revealed through Drug Studies, offers crucial insights for the field of Psychology. Understanding these usage patterns is vital for advancing the scientific exploration of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy. Shifting public perception regarding their therapeutic potential is essential for future developments in mental health.
Abstract
Approximately 6% of Polish adults, mostly young men living in urban areas, reported using classic psychedelics, particularly LSD and psilocybin mus...
The history of ergot of rye (Claviceps purpurea) III: 1940-80.
The journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh – March 01, 2010
Summary
The 1940-80 period revealed ergot's profound medical potential. While early hopes for LSD as a psychiatric treatment proved disappointing, another derivative, bromocriptine, revolutionized neuroscience. It dramatically advanced understanding of dopamine receptors, becoming a crucial therapy for Parkinson's disease, prolactinomas, and lactation suppression—a significant medical triumph.
Abstract
The period 1940-80 in the history of ergot was dominated by two investigators, Arthur Stoll and Albert Hofmann. There was great excitement when the...
EASTERN MYSTICISM AND TIMOTHY LEARY: HUMAN BEYOND THE CONVENTIONAL REALITY
Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research – June 28, 2017
Summary
T. Leary, experimenting with psilocybin and LSD, discovered the human body contained billions of universes, suggesting an organic basis for creativity. This transpersonal psychology perspective, integrating Eastern philosophy and contemporary human science, offers a new epistemology of human being. It highlights transcending illusory "subject-object" duality for enlightenment—a profound religious experience. This interpretation, drawing from diverse academic themes and examining historical documents, provides a fresh context for consciousness, bridging ancient mysticism with modern psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Introduction. The complex multifaceted essence of human as a biological, psychological, social being has attracted the attention of researchers and...
Animal Models of Serotonergic Psychedelics
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – September 24, 2012
Summary
Neuroscience reveals that even rodent models exhibit behavioral changes mirroring human responses to Serotonergic hallucinogens like Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and Mescaline. This challenges assumptions about the uniquely human effects on Cognition and emotion. These findings, crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies, highlight the Serotonin 5-HT(2A) neurotransmitter receptor's influence on behavior. Understanding these molecular mechanisms and neuronal circuits through biochemical analysis and sensing techniques offers significant translational potential for Psychology.
Abstract
The serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptor is the major target of psychedelic drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), mescaline, and psilocybin. Serot...
4 Psychedelics: therapeutic mechanisms
Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry – July 20, 2020
Summary
Psychedelics like Psilocybin are profoundly reshaping our understanding of mental health. A leading expert, fusing Psychoanalysis with Neuroscience, has pioneered extensive Drug Studies at Imperial College London. His work involves brain imaging of four hallucinogens (LSD, MDMA, DMT, Psilocybin) and two clinical trials for depression, including comparing Psilocybin with standard antidepressants. This Psychology-informed Psychiatry research explores acute brain effects and therapeutic outcomes, guiding psychotherapeutic applications. Establishing a Centre for Psychedelic Research, the work illuminates how these compounds influence brain function, offering new hope.
Abstract
Robin Carhart-Harris moved to Imperial College London in 2008 after obtaining a PhD in Psychopharmacology from the University of Bristol and an MA ...
The role and basis of the drug laws
Prometheus – September 01, 2010
Summary
Did you know some illegal drugs like ecstasy and LSD are scientifically shown to be less harmful than alcohol? Research reveals a significant gap between public perception and the actual risks of substances, even suggesting ecstasy is less dangerous than horse riding. This crucial insight challenges existing drug classifications, advocating for policies grounded in objective harm assessment rather than outdated assumptions.
Abstract
On 30 October 2009, the home secretary in the UK asked David Nutt to resign from his post as chairman of the government's advisory council on the m...
Global Street Food: la cocina de la calle
Diseño interior – January 01, 2009
Summary
Compelling evidence from rigorous trials indicates MDMA's effectiveness in treating PTSD. Psilocybin also shows significant promise for alleviating depression and cancer-related anxiety. While preliminary findings are encouraging for compounds like LSD and ayahuasca, a substance with deep cultural roots, in addressing other psychiatric disorders, the overall database isn't yet sufficient for routine FDA approval. Continued investigation into these compounds is warranted.
Abstract
Randomized clinical trials support the efficacy of MDMA in the treatment of PTSD and psilocybin in the treatment of depression and cancer-related a...
Use of psilocybin (“mushrooms”) among US adults: 2015–2018
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – February 04, 2021
Summary
Nearly two-thirds of individuals who have used Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), methamphetamine, or Heroin also reported using Psilocybin. A national survey of 168,650 US adults revealed 9.68% lifetime use of this Hallucinogen. Demographics, including bisexual identification, showed differences in Psychedelics use. Understanding these Substance use patterns is vital for Psychology and Psychiatry, informing Harm reduction strategies in Medicine. This Demography data contributes to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, highlighting complex Behavior and Sexuality links.
Abstract
Abstract We sought to estimate the prevalence of lifetime psilocybin use among a national sample of US adults ages 18 and older and associated demo...
Over 30 million psychedelic users in the United States
F1000Research – March 28, 2013
Summary
Approximately 32 million Americans had used psychedelics like chemically synthesized LSD or psilocybin, from plant biology, by 2010. A 2010 US population survey of 57,873 individuals revealed 17% of those aged 21-64 years had lifetime psychedelic experience, including 22% of males and 12% of females. Use was highest among 30-34 year olds, with 20% reporting use (26% males, 15% females), informing diverse academic research themes within drug studies.
Abstract
We estimated lifetime prevalence of psychedelic use (lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin (magic mushrooms), mescaline, and peyote) by age ...
Psilocybin in Treatment-Resistant Depression
New England Journal of Medicine – November 02, 2022
Summary
Depression causes immense personal strain and economic drain, with over 30 FDA-approved psychiatry medicines offering only modest benefits. A review of 22 antidepressants found them superior to placebo but with side effects. Consequently, pharmacology is revisiting hallucinogens like psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) as potential new medicine. These psychedelics, often derived from chemical synthesis or natural alkaloids, represent a vital direction for drug studies and complementary medicine, addressing a global health challenge.
Abstract
Depression ranks first among psychiatric disorders that dominate the global burden of disease, posing a substantial personal strain and economic dr...
Studying the Effects of Classic Hallucinogens in the Treatment of Alcoholism: Rationale, Methodology, and Current Research with Psilocybin
Current Drug Abuse Reviews – June 01, 2013
Summary
Classic hallucinogens like psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) show renewed promise for addiction treatment. A compelling finding is the re-evaluation of older literature, alongside new insights from Psychedelics and Drug Studies, highlighting their therapeutic potential. This involves understanding their Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, stemming from their unique chemical synthesis and alkaloids. Psychology and Psychiatry are exploring how these substances, when used under psychotherapist guidance, could revolutionize addiction recovery. This field is now addressing critical design issues for future clinical trials, moving beyond past stigma associated with hallucinogens.
Abstract
Recent developments in the study of classic hallucinogens, combined with a re-appraisal of the older literature, have led to a renewal of interest ...
MDMA/ecstasy use and psilocybin use are associated with lowered odds of psychological distress and suicidal thoughts in a sample of US adults
Journal of Psychopharmacology – January 01, 2022
Summary
Remarkably, in an analysis of 484,732 adults, lifetime MDMA (Ecstasy) use correlated with 10% reduced odds of past year suicidal ideation and planning. Psilocybin, a hallucinogen, showed 22% reduced odds of past month psychological distress and 10% reduced odds of suicidal thinking. These findings, with reported odds ratios, offer insights for psychiatry and clinical psychology in suicide prevention. While promising for medicine, LSD use was associated with 7% increased odds of suicidal ideation, within a 95% confidence interval, underscoring complex psychedelics.
Abstract
Background: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and rates within the United States have risen over the past two decades. Hence,...
Structure-based discovery of nonhallucinogenic psychedelic analogs
Science – January 27, 2022
Summary
A breakthrough in pharmacology reveals a path to safer therapies, creating non-hallucinogenic compounds with antidepressant potential. By mapping how Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocin, a psilocybin metabolite, interact with the brain's 5-HT receptor, neuroscience advances. Crucially, serotonin and psilocin exhibit a unique second binding mode. This chemical understanding, vital for drug studies and chemical synthesis, allowed the design of new psychedelics. These compounds, influencing neurotransmitter receptor behavior, showed antidepressant-like activity in mice without hallucinogenic effects, promising targeted treatments for the serotonin receptor.
Abstract
Drugs that target the human serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT 2A R) are used to treat neuropsychiatric diseases; however, many have hallucinogenic effect...
Psychedelics and Neuroplasticity: A Systematic Review Unraveling the Biological Underpinnings of Psychedelics
Frontiers in Psychiatry – September 10, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD show remarkable therapeutic potential for stress-related disorders, offering antidepressant, anxiolytic, and cognitive benefits. Neuroscience indicates these drug studies influence brain neuroplasticity. Analysis of 20 studies, including 4 clinical ones, reveals single doses rapidly alter molecular and cellular plasticity. Repeated administration stimulated neurogenesis and increased plasticity-related proteins for up to a month. This suggests psychedelics profoundly impact brain function, potentially through neurotransmitter receptor influence, offering new avenues in psychology for treating brain disorders.
Abstract
Clinical studies suggest the therapeutic potential of psychedelics, including ayahuasca, DMT, psilocybin, and LSD, in stress-related disorders. The...
Can psychedelics have a role in psychiatry once again?
The British Journal of Psychiatry – June 01, 2005
Summary
Ancient wisdom meets modern science: Hallucinogens like Mescaline (a Phenethylamine), Psilocybin, and Lysergic acid derivatives such as Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have been used for thousands of years. Contemporary Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies now investigate their profound Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, with MDMA showing promise for Treatment of Major Depression. This field explores their therapeutic potential and mechanisms.
Abstract
Psychedelic or hallucinogenic drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxy-β-phenethylamine (mescaline), psilocybin, 3, 4-met...
A review of psilocybin: chemistry, clinical uses and future research directions
Australian Journal of Chemistry – May 16, 2023
Summary
Public interest in psychedelics like Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) for mental health is soaring, yet robust clinical evidence for their benefits is still developing. These classic hallucinogens, functioning via specific serotonin receptor pharmacology, are being rigorously examined. Psilocybin, a tryptophan-based alkaloid found naturally, is a key focus. Current drug studies are evaluating its chemistry and proposed therapeutic mechanisms for Psychiatry. This review synthesizes the existing evidence base, guiding future chemical synthesis and psychological applications.
Abstract
Classic psychedelics such as psilocybin, ketamine and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are 5HT2A serotonin receptor agonists that produce individua...
Advances and Pathophysiological Models of Hallucinogenic Drug Actions in Humans: A Preamble to Schizophrenia Research
Pharmacopsychiatry – July 01, 1998
Summary
The pharmacology of hallucinogens like Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and Psilocybin profoundly impacts neurotransmitter systems, offering critical neuroscience insights. Research demonstrates that drug-induced psychosis, and potentially conditions like schizophrenia, involve a complex mechanism of multiple interactive neurotransmitter receptors. Specifically, a dysbalance among three key neurotransmitters—serotonin, glutamate, and dopamine—influences behavior. These psychedelics and dissociative drug studies provide powerful tools for psychology, elucidating neuropsychiatric disorder pathophysiology. Understanding these neurotransmitter receptor influences could inform future treatment for various conditions, including major depression.
Abstract
Recent research into the pharmacological mechanism of hallucinogens (LSD, psilocybin) and dissociative anesthetics (PCP, ketamine) suggest that mul...
A Meta-Analysis of Placebo-Controlled Trials of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – June 12, 2020
Summary
Psychedelic-assisted therapy shows remarkable promise, with nine randomized controlled clinical trials revealing an impressive effect size of 1.21, exceeding typical psychopharmacological interventions. These clinical trials, a resurgence in drug studies for medicine and psychiatry, examined hallucinogens like psilocybin, LSD, and ayahuasca (containing N,N-dimethyltryptamine and harmala monoamine oxidase inhibitor alkaloids). Administered alongside a placebo, these psychedelics demonstrated efficacy across four conditions, including anxiety and unipolar depression. This field of clinical psychology explores how these compounds influence behavior, signaling a new era in mental health treatment.
Abstract
After a two-decade hiatus in which research on psychedelics was essentially halted, placebo-controlled clinical trials of psychedelic-assisted ther...
Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience:N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – July 23, 2018
Summary
N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a potent hallucinogen, is remarkably ubiquitous, produced by diverse plant and animal species, and even endogenously in mammals. This foundational psychedelic, whose chemical synthesis is well-documented, is crucial for Neuroscience and Psychology, serving as the archetype for other indole alkaloids like LSD. Its enigmatic biological function in humans, along with its pharmacology and potential medical applications, are key areas in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Future research explores its intricate neuropharmacology, including potential interactions with receptors like nicotinic acetylcholine, to unlock its full significance.
Abstract
Though relatively obscure, N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is an important molecule in psychopharmacology as it is the archetype for all indole-conta...
The “Endless Trip” among the NPS Users: Psychopathology and Psychopharmacology in the Hallucinogen-Persisting Perception Disorder. A Systematic Review
Frontiers in Psychiatry – November 20, 2017
Summary
Hallucinogen-persisting perception disorder (HPPD), a syndrome causing prolonged visual disturbances reminiscent of acute drug effects, was only established as a formal diagnosis in 2000, despite being described in 1954. This condition, explored through MEDLINE and other databases, is linked to a broad range of substances including Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, mescaline, and MDMA (Ecstasy). Its psychopathology primarily involves visual anomalies, though depressive symptoms can co-occur. Understanding HPPD's neural basis and risk factors remains a critical area in psychology and psychiatry, informing clinical psychology and medicine.
Abstract
Hallucinogen-persisting perception disorder (HPPD) is a syndrome characterized by prolonged or reoccurring perceptual symptoms, reminiscent of acut...
Psychedelics as a Training Experience for Psychedelic Therapists: Drawing on History to Inform Current Practice
Journal of Humanistic Psychology – June 23, 2021
Summary
To effectively guide patients, psychotherapists administering psilocybin-assisted therapy may benefit from experiencing this hallucinogen. Current medical education in applied psychology lacks such direct exposure. Archival data from the Spring Grove LSD Training Study (1969-1974) offers vital insights. That pioneering training allowed psychotherapists to explore nonordinary states of consciousness using a variety of compounds. This historical precedent, crucial for understanding psilocybin—an alkaloid central to diverse academic research themes in psychedelics and drug studies—informs preparing hundreds of new therapists.
Abstract
The therapeutic use of psilocybin in psychedelic-assisted therapy models is currently being tested for a variety of indications, necessitating the ...
Associations between classic psychedelics and nicotine dependence in a nationally representative sample
Scientific Reports – June 22, 2022
Summary
Lifetime psilocybin use is linked to reduced odds of nicotine dependence. A large psychology study of 214,505 adults found psilocybin use was associated with 7-13% lower odds of current nicotine dependence. Mescaline and peyote also showed 9-21% reduced odds of specific nicotine dependence measures. However, LSD use was associated with 17-24% *increased* odds. This logistic regression analysis suggests certain hallucinogen psychedelics might offer new avenues in medicine and psychiatry for addiction and smoking cessation, influencing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. This field of drug studies explores novel approaches to addiction.
Abstract
Abstract Tobacco use is the single largest cause of preventable death worldwide, but none of the established treatments aimed at smoking cessation ...
"MODEL PSYCHOSIS" PRODUCED BY INHALATION OF GASOLINE FUMES
American Journal of Psychiatry – February 01, 1964
Summary
Acute psychosis can arise from unexpected sources: two teenage cases illustrate severe perceptual and psychological disturbances from gasoline inhalation. These symptoms, including vivid symbolic content, resembled those induced by hallucinogens like Mescaline, Psilocybin, and Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). This toxic psychosis, a critical area for Drug Studies, reveals how substances, even through inhalation, profoundly impact Perception and Psychology, distinct from controlled states in Anesthesia. Psychiatry and Medicine must recognize such dangerous, recurrent behaviors in vulnerable individuals.
Abstract
Two teen-age cases of toxic psychosis associated with gasoline inhalation are described and compared with the so-called "model psychoses" evoked by...
Psychoactive Drugs and Quality of Life
The Scientific World JOURNAL – January 01, 2003
Summary
Over half the Danish population has used illegal psychoactive drugs, a finding from a survey of 6,127 adults across various demography. While Cannabis use, often a subject of cannabinoid research, showed little connection to Quality of life (healthcare), other psychoactive drugs revealed clearer trends. For instance, 1.2% of the population using LSD reported 10% lower Quality of life. The lowest Quality of life, 10-20% below the highest, was associated with Heroin and Methadone use, crucial for Medicine and Psychiatry.
Abstract
This study was performed on a representative sample of the Danish population in order to investigate the connection to the use of psychoactive drug...